CN113072291A - 3D glass hot bending forming device and method based on local targeted ultrasonic resonance - Google Patents
3D glass hot bending forming device and method based on local targeted ultrasonic resonance Download PDFInfo
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- CN113072291A CN113072291A CN202110365678.XA CN202110365678A CN113072291A CN 113072291 A CN113072291 A CN 113072291A CN 202110365678 A CN202110365678 A CN 202110365678A CN 113072291 A CN113072291 A CN 113072291A
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- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 112
- 238000013003 hot bending Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 85
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 claims description 10
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- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 claims 3
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
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- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 7
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- 238000000748 compression moulding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011217 control strategy Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B23/00—Re-forming shaped glass
- C03B23/02—Re-forming glass sheets
- C03B23/023—Re-forming glass sheets by bending
- C03B23/03—Re-forming glass sheets by bending by press-bending between shaping moulds
- C03B23/0302—Re-forming glass sheets by bending by press-bending between shaping moulds between opposing full-face shaping moulds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B25/00—Annealing glass products
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
- Y02P40/50—Glass production, e.g. reusing waste heat during processing or shaping
- Y02P40/57—Improving the yield, e-g- reduction of reject rates
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
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- Re-Forming, After-Treatment, Cutting And Transporting Of Glass Products (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及玻璃加工技术领域，具体涉及一种基于局部靶向超声共振的3D玻璃热弯成型装置及方法，本发明的装置包括机架，分别设置于所述机架的控制箱、炉腔、拨叉执行机构、进料区和出料区，所述炉腔内侧装设有石墨模具和变频毫米波热源，所述炉腔内还设有预热区、加压热弯区、保压退火区和冷却区，还包括辅热组件和微共振激励组件，所述辅热组件和所述微共振激励组件分别与所述控制箱连接，本发明的成型装置克服传统热弯模压成型加工的不足，解决成型超薄玻璃片产生水波纹、麻点以及裂纹等缺陷问题，本发明的成型方法，其步骤简单，操作方便，有效消除3D超薄玻璃热弯成型过程中的残余应力，实现3D超薄玻璃高品质成型加工，加工成品精度高。
The invention relates to the technical field of glass processing, in particular to a 3D glass hot bending forming device and method based on local targeted ultrasonic resonance. The device of the invention comprises a frame, a control box, a furnace cavity, Fork actuator, feeding area and discharging area, the inner side of the furnace cavity is equipped with a graphite mold and a frequency conversion millimeter wave heat source, and the furnace cavity is also provided with a preheating area, a pressurized hot bending area, and a pressure holding annealing area. cooling zone, and also include auxiliary heating components and micro-resonance excitation components, which are respectively connected with the control box, and the molding device of the present invention overcomes the shortcomings of the traditional hot-bending molding process. , to solve the defects such as water ripples, pits and cracks generated by the ultra-thin glass sheet, the forming method of the present invention has simple steps and convenient operation, effectively eliminates the residual stress in the hot bending forming process of 3D ultra-thin glass, and realizes 3D ultra-thin glass. Thin glass is made of high-quality molding, and the finished product has high precision.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of glass processing, in particular to a 3D glass hot bending forming device and method based on local targeted ultrasonic resonance.
Background
With the remarkable increase of 3C product (i.e. computer, communication and consumer electronics) consumption, especially the rapid increase of users using electronic devices such as smart phones, the market of smart terminal products and peripheral products is rapidly increasing. All smart phones are equipped with large glass touch screens at present, and most of the recently developed smart phones have curved glass touch screens. The curved touch screen is made of 3D ultrathin glass, and the manufacturing process of the curved touch screen is formed by high-precision ultrathin glass. The 3D ultrathin glass has excellent characteristics of lightness, thinness, cleanness, dizziness prevention, good heat dissipation, wear resistance and the like, can eliminate the defect of electromagnetic signal shielding compared with metal members, and is also suitable for batch production.
The traditional hot bending forming process is applied to 3D ultrathin glass forming, defects such as water ripples, pits and cracks are easy to occur, and the yield is low, because the 3D ultrathin glass has great differences in the aspects of size, shape complexity, stress tolerance and the like compared with common glass, and in the hot bending forming and annealing processes, great residual stress can be retained in the formed glass due to great mould pressure and annealing thermal stress, so that the formed 3D ultrathin glass is easy to have defects. Therefore, the traditional hot bending forming for common glass cannot be directly applied to the manufacturing process of 3D ultrathin and ultrathin glass.
The applicant's prior application CN201910605639.5 discloses an ultrasonic-assisted glass hot bending device based on a millimeter wave heat source and a control method thereof, wherein a frequency conversion millimeter wave heat source is adopted to replace a traditional heating pipe, the temperature is controlled by controlling the frequency of millimeter waves, and when an insulator such as glass, graphite and the like is used as a heating object and is in a high-frequency or microwave electric field, dipoles with positive and negative polarities in a dielectric medium are arranged along the direction of the electric field. Under the polarity change action of an electric field in millions of times per second, the dipole generates violent motion, generates heat by friction, the heated glass is heated and melted, the heating efficiency is high, the temperature distribution is uniform, the glass state flow is promoted, and the like. The defects of a traditional hot bending heating mode can be overcome, and therefore a new heat source selection is provided for ultrasonic auxiliary hot bending forming of the 3D ultrathin glass. However, in the ultrasonic vibration assisted processing technology, the ultrasonic vibration assists in acting on the glass membrane in the whole graphite mold, the movement cannot be controlled for targeting, the glass membrane is subjected to passive stress by means of external load, and the processing precision needs to be further improved.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a 3D glass hot bending forming device and method based on local targeted ultrasonic resonance.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the utility model provides a curved forming device of 3D glass heat based on local target supersound resonance, includes the frame, set up respectively in control box, furnace chamber, shift fork actuating mechanism, feeding zone and ejection of compact district of frame, graphite mould and frequency conversion millimeter wave heat source have been installed to the furnace chamber inboard, still be equipped with preheating zone, pressurization bending zone, pressurize annealing district and cooling space in the furnace chamber, the furnace chamber still is equipped with the mouth of refuting that is used for letting in inert gas, still includes and assists hot subassembly and micro-resonance excitation subassembly, it places in to assist hot subassembly the graphite mould, micro-resonance excitation subassembly install in the furnace chamber, assist hot subassembly with micro-resonance excitation subassembly respectively with the control box is connected.
As a further technical scheme, a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor and a thermal infrared camera are further installed in the graphite mold, and the temperature sensor, the pressure sensor and the thermal infrared camera are respectively connected with the control box.
As a further technical scheme, the auxiliary heating assembly comprises a U-shaped heating pipe and a U-shaped heating pipe array, the temperature sensor is a micro wireless thermocouple, and the temperature sensor is a micro wireless thermocouple.
As a further technical scheme, the graphite mold is set as an upper mold and a lower mold, an upper pressurizing heat dissipation plate is arranged in the upper mold, a lower pressurizing heat dissipation plate is arranged in the lower mold, heat dissipation holes are respectively formed in the upper pressurizing heat dissipation plate and the lower pressurizing heat dissipation plate, and the micro-resonance excitation assembly is connected with the upper pressurizing heat dissipation plate.
As a further technical scheme, the preheating zone, the pressurizing and hot bending zone, the pressure-maintaining annealing zone and the cooling zone are respectively provided with an air cylinder and a protective cover connected with the upper end of the air cylinder, the air cylinders arranged in the preheating zone, the pressurizing and hot bending zone, the pressure-maintaining annealing zone and the cooling zone are respectively positioned at the top end of the furnace chamber, the lower end of the air cylinder arranged in the preheating zone and the lower end of the air cylinder arranged in the cooling zone are respectively connected with the upper pressurizing heat dissipation plate, and the lower end of the air cylinder arranged in the pressurizing and hot bending zone and the lower end of the air cylinder arranged in the pressure-maintaining annealing zone are respectively connected with the micro-resonance excitation assembly. As a further technical solution, the micro-resonance excitation assembly includes a housing, a rail disposed in the housing, a sliding rod movable along the rail, and a micro-resonance exciter, and the micro-resonance exciter is connected to the sliding rod and the control box, respectively.
As a further technical scheme, a plurality of micro-resonance exciters are arranged, the micro-resonance exciters are distributed on the sliding rod in a single-point discrete mode, and the micro-resonance exciters can move back and forth along the sliding rod.
As a further technical scheme, the micro-resonance exciter is provided with a shell, an ultrasonic generator, an ultrasonic transducer and an amplitude transformer.
As a further technical scheme, the micro-resonance exciter is provided with a vibration sensor, and the vibration sensor is connected with the control box.
The molding method using the molding device comprises the following steps:
step 1: putting a glass blank to be processed into a graphite mold, then putting the graphite mold into a preheating zone, and introducing nitrogen into a furnace chamber;
step 2: heating the graphite mould, and performing hot bending processing in a nitrogen environment;
and step 3: accurately measuring the temperature field distribution in the hot bending process by adopting a temperature sensor and a thermal infrared camera, and calculating the natural frequency of the softened glass blank according to the temperature field distribution;
and 4, step 4: establishing a thermal-force-displacement coupling elastic model;
and 5: the method comprises the steps of sequentially feeding a graphite mold with a glass blank into a preheating zone, a pressurizing and hot bending zone, a pressure maintaining and annealing zone and a cooling zone, sequentially carrying out preheating treatment, pressurizing and hot bending treatment, pressure maintaining and annealing treatment and cooling treatment on the glass blank, then taking a mold to finish processing, wherein in the processes of preheating treatment, hot bending treatment, pressure maintaining and annealing treatment and cooling treatment, the temperature and the pressure of glass in the graphite mold are detected in real time, a thermal-force-displacement coupling elastic model is utilized to control the temperature and the pressure within a preset range, and residual stress is accurately eliminated through a micro-resonance excitation assembly, so that multi-parameter cooperative regulation and control of temperature-pressure-displacement are realized.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention relates to a 3D glass hot bending forming device based on local targeted ultrasonic resonance, which comprises a rack, a control box, a furnace chamber, a shifting fork actuating mechanism, a feeding area and a discharging area, wherein the control box, the furnace chamber, the shifting fork actuating mechanism, the feeding area and the discharging area are respectively arranged on the rack, a graphite die and a variable-frequency millimeter wave heat source are arranged on the inner side of the furnace chamber, a preheating area, a pressurizing hot bending area, a pressure maintaining annealing area and a cooling area are also arranged in the furnace chamber, the furnace chamber is also provided with a connecting port for introducing inert gas, an auxiliary heating assembly and a micro-resonance excitation assembly, the auxiliary heating assembly is arranged in the graphite die, the micro-resonance excitation assembly is arranged in the furnace chamber, and the auxiliary heating assembly and the micro-resonance excitation assembly are respectively connected with the control box The forming device overcomes the defects of the traditional hot bending and compression molding, solves the problems of water ripple, pock mark, crack and the like of the formed ultrathin glass sheet, greatly improves the processing efficiency, and provides a new choice for releasing the residual stress in the ultrasonic-assisted hot bending and molding process of the 3D ultrathin glass .
2. The forming method provided by the invention has the advantages that the steps are simple, the operation is convenient, in the forming process, the temperature field distribution, the stress field distribution and the residual stress distribution in the hot bending process are simulated by establishing the thermal-force-displacement coupling elastic model, the ultrathin glass hot bending mechanism is analyzed by combining data collected in the practical experiment process, a high-precision multi-parameter cooperative regulation and control strategy is provided, the residual stress in the 3D ultrathin glass hot bending forming process is effectively eliminated, the 3D ultrathin glass high-quality forming processing is realized, and the processed product has high precision and good stability.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the connection structure of the cylinder, the protective cover, the micro-resonance excitation assembly, the upper pressurizing and heat dissipating plate and the upper mold according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of FIG. 2 according to another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing a coupling structure of an upper mold and a temperature sensor according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a micro-resonance excitation assembly of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a micro-resonance actuator according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view showing a coupling structure of an upper mold and a pressure sensor according to the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a connection structure of a lower mold and a lower pressure heat sink according to the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of the upper mold according to the present invention partially cut away to expose the internal heating tube;
description of reference numerals: 1. the device comprises a frame, 11, a feeding area, 12, a discharging area, 2, a control box, 3, a furnace chamber, 31, a preheating area, 32, a pressurizing and hot bending area, 33, a pressure maintaining and annealing area, 34, a cooling area, 35, a cylinder, 36, a protective cover, 4, a shifting fork actuating mechanism, 5, a graphite mold, 51, an upper mold, 511, an upper pressurizing and heat dissipating plate, 52, a lower mold, 521, a lower pressurizing and heat dissipating plate, 53, a heat dissipating hole, 6, a micro-resonance exciting assembly, 61, a shell, 62, a rail, 63, a sliding rod, 64, a micro-resonance exciter, 641, ultrasonic, 642, an ultrasonic transducer, 643, a vibration sensor, 7, a heating pipe, 71. U-shaped heating pipes, 72, U-shaped heating drain pipes, 8, a temperature sensor and 9, a pressure sensor.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the 3D glass hot bending forming apparatus based on local targeted ultrasonic resonance in this embodiment includes a frame 1, a control box 2, a furnace chamber 3, a shifting fork executing mechanism 4, a feeding area 11 and a discharging area 12, which are respectively disposed on the frame 1, specifically, the control box 2 is disposed on one side of the frame 1, the feeding area 11 and the discharging area 12 are disposed on the left and right sides of the frame 1, the furnace chamber 3 is disposed on the frame 1, a graphite mold 5 and a variable frequency millimeter wave heat source are mounted on the inner side of the furnace chamber 3, the shifting fork executing mechanism 4 is used for shifting the graphite mold 5, a preheating area 31, a pressure hot bending area 32, a pressure maintaining annealing area 33 and a cooling area 34 are further disposed in the furnace chamber 3, the furnace chamber 3 is further provided with a connection port for introducing an inert gas for protection during the whole processing process, specifically, nitrogen can be introduced for protection, and the nitrogen can be introduced ten minutes before the start of the hot bending process to completely exhaust air in the hot bending machine, so that the problem that the yield of the 3D ultrathin glass and the quality of the surface of the glass are influenced due to chemical reaction of high-temperature glass, air and substances in the air in the 3D ultrathin glass hot bending process is avoided; after the hot bending process is finished, in order to prevent the device in the machine tool which is still at a high temperature from contacting with air and being oxidized when the device is not completely cooled to room temperature, nitrogen is continuously introduced into the cavity of the machine tool for ten minutes after the hot bending process is finished, so that the contact of the nitrogen and the oxygen in the air is isolated and prevented from being oxidized; more specifically, the shifting fork executing mechanism 4 is formed by connecting a servo motor and a corresponding clamp connecting rod, the shifting fork executing mechanism 4 can push a graphite mold 5 to enter a preheating zone 31, a pressure hot bending zone 32, a pressure maintaining annealing zone 33 and a cooling zone 34 in sequence, the shifting fork executing mechanism further comprises an auxiliary heating assembly 7 and a micro-resonance excitation assembly 6, the auxiliary heating assembly 7 is arranged in the graphite mold 5, the micro-resonance excitation assembly 6 is arranged in the furnace chamber 3, the auxiliary heating assembly 7 and the micro-resonance excitation assembly 6 are respectively connected with the control box 2, the embodiment adopts a local targeted ultrasonic resonance technology, the micro-resonance excitation assembly 6 is intelligently regulated and controlled by the control box 3 to move to a position close to a 3D ultrathin glass membrane where residual stress is remarkably concentrated in the 3D ultrathin glass membrane in the hot bending and molding process of the 3D ultrathin glass, and then the frequency and amplitude of vibration excited by the micro-resonance excitation assembly 6 are precisely adjusted, the natural frequency of the molten glass membrane is achieved, the glass membrane is excited to generate resonance phenomenon, so that the residual stress in the glass membrane is actively released, the problems that the ultrasonic vibration in the traditional ultrasonic vibration auxiliary processing technology acts on the whole glass membrane in the graphite mold 5 in an auxiliary way, the movement cannot be controlled to perform a targeting action, the frequency and the amplitude of the ultrasonic vibration cannot be intelligently regulated according to the concentration degree of the residual stress in the glass membrane, the glass membrane is completely stressed passively by external load are solved, the forming device overcomes the defects of the traditional hot bending and compression molding forming, solves the problems of water ripples, pockmarks, cracks and the like generated in the formed ultrathin glass sheet, greatly improves the processing efficiency, and provides a new choice for releasing the residual stress in the ultrasonic-assisted hot bending forming process of the 3D ultrathin glass.
On the basis of the above embodiment, referring to fig. 4, 7 and 9, a temperature sensor 8, a pressure sensor 9 and a thermal infrared camera are further installed in the graphite mold 5, the temperature sensor 8, the pressure sensor 9 and the thermal infrared camera are respectively connected with the control box 2, specifically, installation holes for installing the auxiliary thermal assembly 7, the temperature sensor 8, the pressure sensor 9 and the thermal infrared camera are installed in the graphite mold 5, the installation holes are distributed, the auxiliary thermal assembly 7, the temperature sensor 8, the pressure sensor 9 and the thermal infrared camera are installed in the corresponding installation holes, and the measurement ends of the temperature sensor 8 and the pressure sensor 9 are in contact with the glass surface placed in the graphite mold 5, more specifically, the temperature sensor 8 is a micro wireless thermocouple, the graphite mold 5 comprises an upper mold 51 and a lower mold 52, the upper die 51 is provided with an upper pressurizing heat dissipation plate 511, the lower die 52 is provided with a lower pressurizing heat dissipation plate 522, the upper pressurizing heat dissipation plate 511 and the lower pressurizing heat dissipation plate 522 are respectively provided with a heat dissipation hole 53, the micro-resonance excitation assembly 6 is connected with the upper pressurizing heat dissipation plate 511, the upper die and the lower die are internally provided with a cavity, the upper surface of the cavity of the upper die 51 corresponding to the 3D ultrathin glass is concave, the lower surface of the cavity of the lower die 52 corresponding to the 3D ultrathin glass is convex, and positioning clamping grooves are arranged in the upper die and the lower die, wherein the upper die 51 is a groove, a bulge matched with the groove is arranged on the lower die 52, the bulge is clamped in the groove during die assembly, the lower die 52 is provided with a vent groove communicated with an inert gas receiving port of the cavity 3, the vent groove is used for discharging redundant gas during the die assembly of the upper die 51 and the lower die 52, the auxiliary heating component 7 comprises a U-shaped heating pipe 71 and a U-shaped heating calandria 72, evenly distributed mounting holes are arranged in the upper die and the lower die, the U-shaped heating pipe 71 and the U-shaped heating calandria 72 are both mounted in the corresponding mounting holes, the U-shaped heating pipe 71 and the U-shaped heating calandria 72 are respectively vertically and symmetrically distributed relative to the glass blank, the U-shaped heating calandria 72 is mounted on the inner side, the U-shaped heating pipe 71 and the U-shaped heating calandria 72 (seamless metal heating pipes) are respectively arranged in the upper die and the lower die of the graphite die 5, when the blank and the environment temperature need to be finely adjusted under the working condition of hot bending die pressing and annealing, the actual surface temperature of the glass blank can be finely adjusted by adopting a mode of secondary microlitre cooling of the U-shaped heating calandria 72, the forming quality and the surface shape precision of the 3D ultrathin glass component are improved, and further, the heating requirements of, meanwhile, the temperature is accurately regulated, in the embodiment, the real-time parameters in actual processing are obtained by collecting data of the temperature sensor 8 and the pressure sensor 9, and the thermal infrared camera can reflect the temperature distribution of the 3D ultrathin glass, so that the actual processing parameters are optimized conveniently.
Specifically, referring to fig. 2, 3 and 8, the preheating zone 31, the pressure-heat bending zone 32, the pressure-holding annealing zone 33 and the cooling zone 34 are respectively provided with a cylinder 35 and a protective cover 36 connected with the upper end of the cylinder 35, the cylinders 35 disposed in the preheating zone 31, the pressure-heat bending zone 32, the pressure-holding annealing zone 33 and the cooling zone 34 are respectively located at the top end of the furnace chamber 3, at the lower end of the cylinder disposed in the preheating zone and at the lower end of the cylinder disposed in the cooling zone, and are respectively connected with the upper pressure-heat dissipation plate, specifically, the cylinders 35 are mounted in cylinder brackets, the upper ends of the piston rods of the cylinders 35 extend upwards to be connected with the protective cover 36, the lower ends of the piston rods of the cylinders disposed in the preheating zone 31 and the cooling zone 33 are connected with the upper pressure-heat dissipation plate 511, the lower ends of the piston rods of the cylinders 35 disposed in the pressure-heat bending zone 32 and the cylinder disposed in the pressure-holding annealing zone 33 extend, the micro-resonance excitation assembly 6 is connected with an upper pressurizing heat-radiating plate 511 downwards, the micro-resonance excitation assembly 511 is respectively locked with the lower end of a piston rod of the air cylinder 35 and the upper pressurizing heat-radiating plate 511 through bolts, the lower end of the piston rod of the air cylinder 35 drives the micro-resonance excitation assembly 6 and the upper pressurizing heat-radiating plate 511 to press the upper mold 51, the preheating zone 31, the pressurizing and hot bending zone 32, the pressure-maintaining and annealing zone 33 and the cooling zone 34 are respectively provided with three stations to avoid the rapid rise of heating temperature, the graphite mold 5 is conveyed by a shifting fork execution mechanism 4 from one station to another station in the process, the upper and lower pressurizing heat-radiating plates can enable the pressure of the air cylinder 35 acting on the graphite mold 5 in the pressurizing and hot bending process to be uniformly distributed, the micro-resonance excitation assembly 6 provides a vibration source for the pressurizing and hot bending and pressure-maintaining annealing processing processes, and realizes, and the heat dissipation holes 53 are arranged to accelerate the heat dissipation in the annealing and cooling processes so as to complete the hot bending process.
In a specific embodiment, referring to fig. 4 and 7, the temperature sensors 8 disposed in the mounting holes of the graphite mold 5 are micro wireless thermocouples, the micro wireless thermocouples and the pressure sensors 9 are both disposed in the upper mold 51, and the number of the micro wireless thermocouples and the pressure sensors 9 is set according to the requirement of the working condition. For example, five micro wireless thermocouples can be uniformly arranged at the center and four corners of the mold, the measurement temperature is 0-1000 ℃, the response time is 2.5s, the accuracy can reach +/-0.5 ℃, and the micro wireless thermocouples are placed in the graphite mold 5 at positions close to the glass blank, so that the actual temperature of the surface of the glass in the mold can be accurately collected, the temperature change and distribution of different areas of the 3D ultrathin glass can be reflected, the research and analysis after processing are facilitated, and the processing parameters during the experiment are further accurately optimized.
Meanwhile, six pressure sensors 9 are symmetrically distributed on the central line of the graphite mold 5, the pressure sensors 9 can receive the pressure effect in the hot bending and pressurizing process and micro displacement which is generated by the 3D ultrathin glass membrane and is in direct proportion to the medium pressure, so that the actual pressure on the surface of the glass is obtained, the pressure values collected by the pressure sensors 9 at different positions are used for obtaining the pressure change of different areas of the 3D ultrathin glass membrane and whether the applied pressure is uniform or not, and the pressure sensors work at the temperature of 1100 ℃.
In other embodiments, referring to fig. 5 and 6, the micro-resonance excitation assembly 6 includes a housing 61, a rail 62 disposed in the housing 61, a sliding rod 63 capable of moving along the rail 62, and a micro-resonance exciter 64, where the micro-resonance exciter 64 is respectively connected to the sliding rod 63 and the control box 2, the sliding rod 63 is mounted on a predetermined rail in the housing 1 through a dc motor, specifically, the micro-resonance exciter 64 is provided with a plurality of micro-resonance exciters 64 distributed in a single-point discrete manner on the sliding rod 63, and the micro-resonance exciter 64 is capable of moving back and forth along the sliding rod 63, specifically, a driving block is disposed on the sliding rod 63, the micro-resonance exciter 64 is mounted on the driving block, and the driving block is driven by the dc motor to drive the micro-resonance exciter 64 to freely slide, in the direction of an arrow in fig. 5, respectively showing the moving directions of the slide bar 63 and the micro-resonance exciter 64, more specifically, the micro-resonance exciter 64 is provided with a housing, an ultrasonic generator 641, an ultrasonic transducer 642 and an amplitude transformer, wherein the ultrasonic generator 641 is also arranged on the driving block, the lower surface of the ultrasonic generator 641 is completely attached to the upper pressurizing and heat dissipating plate 511, the ultrasonic generator 641 is provided with an ultrasonic transducer 642, the ultrasonic transducer 642 is locked with the ultrasonic generator 641 through bolts, a lead wire is led out from the ultrasonic transducer 642 and is connected with a direct current excitation power supply, the ultrasonic transducer 642 is provided with an ultrasonic vibration sensor 643, the ultrasonic transducer 642 and the vibration sensor 643 are connected with the control box 2, the current precision of the direct current excitation power supply is 10mA, the direct current with the current of 0-8A and the voltage of 0-10V is provided, the output power is 10W, and the vibration frequency and the amplitude of the graphite mold 5 are the same as the vibration frequency and the amplitude of the ultrasonic transducer 642, when the power of the dc excitation power supply is changed, the amplitude and frequency of the ultrasonic transducer 642 are changed. The frequency of the ultrasonic transducer 642 is controlled to be close to the natural frequency of the high-temperature 3D ultrathin glass membrane by adjusting the power of the direct-current excitation power supply, so that the local micro-resonance phenomenon of the 3D ultrathin glass membrane is caused, the problems of water ripples, pockmarks, cracks and the like easily occurring in the hot bending process of the ultrathin glass sheet are solved, the material flow is improved, the molding temperature and the resilience are reduced, and the molding rate and the surface quality of the material are obviously improved. And detecting the vibration frequency and the vibration amplitude of the ultrasonic transducer by using an ultrasonic vibration sensor, and processing and storing the measurement data obtained by feedback to obtain the frequency and the vibration amplitude with higher yield in the hot bending process.
In the present embodiment, the micro-resonance actuator 64 is a core device of the micro-resonance actuator assembly 6, and provides a vibration source for the processing process, so as to release the residual stress during the thermal bending process of the 3D ultrathin glass membrane, and a vibration sensor 643 is installed and connected to the micro-resonance actuator 64, the vibration sensor 643 can measure the frequency and amplitude of the excited vibration, in the processing process, the position distribution of the micro-resonance exciters 643 is intelligently regulated and controlled by the control box 2 to actively approach the position where the residual stress is obviously concentrated in the 3D ultrathin glass membrane, and then the natural frequency of the molten glass membrane is reached by adjusting the frequency and amplitude of vibration excited by the micro-resonance exciters 643 to excite the local micro-resonance phenomenon, so that the molten glass is promoted to fully flow, the internal residual stress is fully released, the forming rate and the material surface quality are improved, and the hot bending processing for eliminating the residual stress of the 3D ultrathin glass hot bending forming in a targeted mode through the ultrasonic resonance technology is realized.
One specific example is as follows:
and (3) processing environment: the domestic hot bending machine tool adopts a U-shaped heating pipe 7 and a U-shaped heating calandria 71 as heat sources, a die is made of graphite and is provided with a micro-resonance excitation assembly 6, a glass sheet to be processed is ultra-thin glass, and the ultra-thin glass is hot bent into 3D ultra-thin glass. The whole hot-bending processing process is divided into a preheating area 31, a pressurizing hot-bending area 32, a pressure maintaining annealing area 33 and a cooling area 34, wherein each working area is provided with three stations which are sequentially arranged, the preheating area 31 is a first station, a second station and a third station, the pressurizing hot-bending area 32 is a fourth station, a fifth station and a sixth station, the pressure maintaining annealing area 33 is a seventh station, an eighth station and a ninth station, and the cooling area 34 is a tenth station, an eleventh station and a twelfth station.
The machine tool provides a servo system for controlling the movement of the graphite mould 5, the machine tool is a prior known device, the hot bending device comprises a micro-resonance exciter 64, an ultrasonic transducer 642, a direct current excitation power supply, a micro wireless thermocouple and a pressure sensor 9, the current precision of the direct current excitation power supply of the used auxiliary device is 10mA, can provide direct current with the current of 0-8A and the voltage of 0-10V, the output power is 10W, through ultrasonic transduction, 642, the vibration frequency and amplitude of the graphite mold 5 are made to be the same as those of the ultrasonic transducer 642, when the power of the dc excitation power supply is changed, the amplitude and frequency of the ultrasonic transducer 642 are changed, the frequency of the ultrasonic transducer is controlled to be close to the natural frequency of the high-temperature 3D ultrathin glass membrane by adjusting the power of the direct-current excitation power supply, so that the 3D ultrathin glass membrane locally generates a micro-resonance phenomenon. Gradually heating the three stations in the preheating stage, controlling the temperature to be 810 ℃ when the third station is finished, gradually increasing the pressure from 0Mpa to 0.45Mpa in the pressurizing and hot bending process, moving a hydraulic piston rod in an air cylinder 53 to act on an upper pressurizing heat dissipation plate 511, performing hot bending molding on the glass in a melting state, gradually increasing the applied pressure of each station, controlling the pressure to be 0.45Mpa in the sixth station, and keeping the temperature to be 810 ℃ unchanged; in the annealing process, the temperature is slightly lower than the temperature during hot bending and pressurizing, the temperature is kept unchanged at 780 ℃, the pressure of the seventh station is still 0.45MPa, and the pressure of the ninth station is slightly higher than that of the seventh station and is 0.5 MPa; in the cooling process, the temperature and the pressure are gradually reduced from the tenth station to the twelfth station, and the cooling time is 50-60 s. In order to improve the actual processing efficiency, a plurality of identical graphite molds 5 can be arranged to perform 'assembly line' operation, so that one graphite mold 5 is in a working state at each station to form cycle operation, and the time required by the whole process is about 36 min.
After the assistance provided by the embodiment is adopted, the yield is greatly improved, the probability of crack occurrence is greatly reduced, and the probability of water ripple, pockmark and bubble generation is also reduced to be half of the prior probability. The auxiliary device provided by the invention is used for glass hot bending processing, can improve the yield and effectively reduce the probability of cracks, water ripples, pockmarks and bubbles.
According to the invention, glass screens with different sizes and shapes can be processed according to the difference of the graphite mold 5, each glass material has the corresponding optimal hot bending parameter, the defect of uneven heating temperature of the traditional hot bending process is eliminated, the processing process is more precisely detected by temperature and pressure sensors in the graphite mold 5, and each step of hot bending is accurately controllable in a multi-station hot bending mode, so that the yield of the ultrathin glass is greatly improved.
The method for forming the 3D ultrathin glass by adopting the forming device in the embodiment comprises the following steps:
step 1: opening the furnace chamber, putting the glass blank to be processed into the graphite mold 5, then putting the graphite mold 5 into the preheating zone 31, and introducing nitrogen into the furnace chamber 3 for protection;
step 2: heating the graphite mold 5, and performing hot bending processing in a nitrogen environment;
and step 3: accurately measuring the temperature field distribution in the hot bending process by adopting a temperature sensor 8 and a thermal infrared camera, and calculating the natural frequency of the softened glass blank according to the temperature field distribution;
and 4, step 4: establishing a thermal-force-displacement coupling elastic model, simulating temperature field distribution, stress field distribution and residual stress distribution in the thermal bending process to obtain distribution positions and quantity of remarkably concentrated residual stress in the 3D ultrathin glass membrane, then setting the quantity of correspondingly required micro-resonance exciters 64 and density distribution on sliding rods 63 in the micro-resonance excitation assembly 6, intelligently controlling the movement of the micro-resonance exciters 64 to be close to the parts of the 3D ultrathin glass membrane where the residual stress is remarkably concentrated through a control box 2, and carrying out targeting action to eliminate the residual stress in the processing process;
and 5: the method comprises the steps of enabling a graphite mold 5 with glass blanks to sequentially enter a preheating zone 31, a pressurizing and hot-bending zone 32, a pressure-maintaining annealing zone 33 and a cooling zone 34, sequentially carrying out preheating treatment, pressurizing and hot-bending treatment, pressure-maintaining annealing treatment and cooling treatment on the glass blanks, then taking a mold to finish processing, detecting the temperature and the pressure of glass in the graphite mold 5 in real time in the processes of preheating treatment, hot-bending treatment, pressure-maintaining annealing treatment and cooling treatment, controlling the temperature and the pressure within a preset range by utilizing a thermal-force-displacement coupling elastic model, and accurately eliminating residual stress through a micro-resonance excitation assembly 6 to realize multi-parameter cooperative regulation and control of temperature-pressure-displacement.
The forming method provided by the invention has the advantages that the steps are simple, the operation is convenient, in the forming process, the temperature field distribution, the stress field distribution and the residual stress distribution in the hot bending process are simulated by establishing the thermal-force-displacement coupling elastic model, the ultrathin glass hot bending mechanism is analyzed by combining data collected in the practical experiment process, a high-precision multi-parameter cooperative regulation and control strategy is provided, the residual stress in the 3D ultrathin glass hot bending forming process is effectively eliminated, the 3D ultrathin glass high-quality forming processing is realized, and the processed product has high precision and good stability.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a curved forming device of 3D glass heat based on local target supersound resonance, includes the frame, set up respectively in control box, furnace chamber, shift fork actuating mechanism, feeding zone and ejection of compact district of frame, graphite mould and frequency conversion millimeter wave heat source have been installed to the furnace chamber inboard, still be equipped with preheating zone, pressurization bending zone, pressurize annealing district and cooling space in the furnace chamber, the furnace chamber still is equipped with the mouth of refuting that is used for letting in inert gas, its characterized in that still includes and assists hot subassembly and micro-resonance excitation subassembly, it places in to assist hot subassembly the graphite mould, micro-resonance excitation subassembly install in the furnace chamber, assist hot subassembly with micro-resonance excitation subassembly respectively with the control box is connected.
2. The 3D glass hot-bending forming device based on local targeted ultrasonic resonance as claimed in claim 1, wherein a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor and a thermal infrared camera are further installed in the graphite mold, and the temperature sensor, the pressure sensor and the thermal infrared camera are respectively connected with the control box.
3. The 3D glass hot-bending forming device based on local targeted ultrasonic resonance as claimed in claim 2, wherein the auxiliary heating assembly comprises a U-shaped heating pipe and a U-shaped heating pipe array, and the temperature sensor is a micro wireless thermocouple.
4. The 3D glass hot-bending forming device based on local targeted ultrasonic resonance as claimed in claim 1, wherein the graphite mold is set as an upper mold and a lower mold, an upper pressurized heat dissipation plate is arranged in the upper mold, a lower pressurized heat dissipation plate is arranged in the lower mold, the upper pressurized heat dissipation plate and the lower pressurized heat dissipation plate are respectively provided with heat dissipation holes, and the micro-resonance excitation assembly is connected with the upper pressurized heat dissipation plate.
5. The 3D glass hot-bending forming device based on local targeted ultrasonic resonance as claimed in claim 4, wherein the preheating zone, the pressure-heating bending zone, the pressure-maintaining annealing zone and the cooling zone are respectively provided with a cylinder and a protective cover connected with the upper end of the cylinder, the cylinders arranged in the preheating zone, the pressure-heating bending zone, the pressure-maintaining annealing zone and the cooling zone are respectively positioned at the top end of the furnace chamber, are respectively arranged at the lower ends of the preheating zone and the cylinder arranged in the cooling zone, are respectively connected with the upper pressure heating panel, and are respectively arranged at the lower ends of the pressure-heating bending zone and the cylinder arranged in the pressure-maintaining annealing zone and are respectively connected with the micro-resonance excitation assembly.
6. The locally targeted ultrasonic resonance-based 3D glass hot-bending forming device according to claim 1, wherein the micro-resonance excitation assembly comprises a housing, a rail arranged in the housing, a sliding rod movable along the rail, and a micro-resonance exciter, and the micro-resonance exciter is connected with the sliding rod and the control box respectively.
7. The 3D glass hot-bending forming device based on local targeted ultrasonic resonance as claimed in claim 6, wherein the micro-resonance exciter is provided in plurality, the micro-resonance exciters are distributed in a single-point discrete manner on the sliding rod, and the micro-resonance exciter can move back and forth along the sliding rod.
8. The local targeted ultrasound resonance based 3D glass hot bend forming device according to claim 6, wherein the micro-resonance exciter is provided with a housing, an ultrasound generator, an ultrasound transducer and an amplitude transformer.
9. The 3D glass hot-bending forming device based on local targeted ultrasonic resonance as claimed in claim 6, wherein the micro-resonance exciter is provided with a vibration sensor, and the vibration sensor is connected with the control box.
10. The forming method using the 3D glass hot bending forming device based on local targeted ultrasonic resonance as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: putting a glass blank to be processed into a graphite mold, then putting the graphite mold into a preheating zone, and introducing nitrogen into a furnace chamber;
step 2: heating the graphite mould, and performing hot bending processing in a nitrogen environment;
and step 3: accurately measuring the temperature field distribution in the hot bending processing process by adopting a temperature sensor and a thermal infrared camera, and calculating the natural frequency of the softened glass blank according to the temperature field distribution;
and 4, step 4: establishing a thermal-force-displacement coupling elastic model;
and 5: the method comprises the steps of sequentially feeding a graphite mold with a glass blank into a preheating zone, a pressurizing and hot bending zone, a pressure maintaining and annealing zone and a cooling zone, sequentially carrying out preheating treatment, pressurizing and hot bending treatment, pressure maintaining and annealing treatment and cooling treatment on the glass blank, then taking a mold to finish processing, wherein in the processes of preheating treatment, hot bending treatment, pressure maintaining and annealing treatment and cooling treatment, the temperature and the pressure of glass in the graphite mold are detected in real time, a thermal-force-displacement coupling elastic model is utilized to control the temperature and the pressure within a preset range, and residual stress is accurately eliminated through a micro-resonance excitation assembly, so that multi-parameter cooperative regulation and control of temperature-pressure-displacement are realized.
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| CN117003478A (en) * | 2023-09-19 | 2023-11-07 | 湖南大学 | Compression molding method and compression molding equipment for quartz glass element |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110240394A (en) * | 2019-07-05 | 2019-09-17 | 广东华中科技大学工业技术研究院 | Ultrasonic-assisted glass hot bending device based on millimeter wave heat source and control method |
| CN111960651A (en) * | 2020-09-09 | 2020-11-20 | 湖南大学 | A device and method for assisted molding by opposing ultrasonic vibration |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN110240394A (en) * | 2019-07-05 | 2019-09-17 | 广东华中科技大学工业技术研究院 | Ultrasonic-assisted glass hot bending device based on millimeter wave heat source and control method |
| CN111960651A (en) * | 2020-09-09 | 2020-11-20 | 湖南大学 | A device and method for assisted molding by opposing ultrasonic vibration |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN117003478A (en) * | 2023-09-19 | 2023-11-07 | 湖南大学 | Compression molding method and compression molding equipment for quartz glass element |
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