Combined suspension device
Technical Field
The invention relates to an automobile suspension, in particular to a combined type suspension device.
Background
The leaf spring is an important component of a suspension of a truck, a tractor and the like, and has a very important influence on the performance of the whole vehicle. At present, 4 variable-section few leaf springs or 7-14 constant-section leaf springs are mainly adopted in suspension devices of trucks, tractors and the like, the leaf springs are heavy and are not beneficial to realizing the light weight of a trailer, meanwhile, large friction force exists between every two leaf springs, and the leaf springs become large along with the increase of vibration speed, so that unacceptable noise can be generated. The resin-based composite material has the advantages of light weight, high specific strength, high fatigue limit, corrosion resistance, vibration reduction and noise reduction, and is produced in light-weight manufacturing of automobiles. For trailers and semitrailers, the load difference between an empty car and a heavy car is obvious, and if the rigidity of the composite plate spring is set to be lower, the composite plate spring has better comfort during the empty car, but the load-bearing capacity is deficient during the heavy car; if set up the higher with combined material leaf spring rigidity, although bearing capacity is stronger when heavily driving, the travelling comfort during the air traffic is relatively poor, is difficult to accomplish and compromises.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a combined suspension device which is simple and reliable in structure and can give consideration to both the comfort in the empty process and the bearing capacity in the heavy process.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a combined suspension device comprises a metal plate spring, at least one composite plate spring arranged below the metal plate spring, a rigid support and an elastic bearing block arranged on the rigid support, wherein the rigid support is arranged in the middle of the metal plate spring, a gap is formed between the elastic bearing block and a frame when the vehicle is empty, and the elastic bearing block can be abutted against the frame along with the increase of the load on the frame; or the rigid support is arranged on the frame, and when the vehicle is empty, a gap is formed between the elastic bearing block and the metal plate spring, and the elastic bearing block can be abutted against the middle part of the metal plate spring along with the increase of the load on the frame.
As a further improvement of the above technical solution: the rigid support is provided with a limiting sleeve, the limiting sleeve is sleeved on the periphery of the elastic bearing block, and a gap is reserved between the elastic bearing block and the limiting sleeve.
As a further improvement of the above technical solution: the rigid support comprises a support main body, a supporting plate and an installation sleeve, the support main body is connected with the supporting plate through a fastening assembly, the limiting sleeve and the installation sleeve are respectively arranged on two sides of the supporting plate, and the installation sleeve is sleeved with the support main body.
As a further improvement of the above technical solution: the elastic bearing block is of a hollow structure, and the hollow part corresponds to the fastening component.
As a further improvement of the above technical solution: and a lower pressing plate is fixedly arranged on the lower side of the middle part of the composite plate spring at the lowest part.
As a further improvement of the above technical solution: and composite material gaskets are arranged between the middle parts of the metal plate springs and the composite material plate springs, between the middle parts of the two adjacent composite material plate springs, and between the composite material plate spring at the lowest part and the lower pressing plate.
As a further improvement of the above technical solution: the composite material gasket has a thickness of no more than 4 mm.
As a further improvement of the above technical solution: the upper wear-resisting plates are fixedly arranged on the upper sides of the two end portions of the composite plate spring, and the lower wear-resisting plates are fixedly arranged on the lower sides of the two end portions of the composite plate spring.
As a further improvement of the above technical solution: the metal leaf spring and the composite leaf spring respectively comprise a horizontal section positioned in the middle, inclined sections positioned at two ends and inclined upwards, and a bending section used for smoothly connecting the horizontal section and the inclined sections, wherein the thickness of the horizontal section is greater than that of the inclined sections, and the thickness of the bending section is gradually reduced from the horizontal section to the inclined sections.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that: the combined suspension device comprises a metal plate spring and at least one layer of composite material plate spring arranged below the metal plate spring, and the bearing capacity and the light weight of a suspension system are both considered; the design of secondary rigidity is adopted, the rigidity is lower when the vehicle is empty, the elastic bearing block is not contacted with the vehicle frame or the metal plate spring, and the load on the vehicle frame is borne by the metal plate spring and the composite plate spring; along with the increase of the load, the elastic bearing block is contacted with the frame or the metal plate spring, and the load is born by the plate spring and the elastic bearing block; when the vehicle is heavy, the plate spring and the elastic bearing block provide high rigidity together, so that the suspension system can meet the vehicle operation requirement; furthermore, the empty comfort of the whole vehicle can be improved under the condition of ensuring the unchanged heavy vehicle bearing capacity by reducing the rigidity of the composite plate spring and improving the rigidity of the elastic bearing block; the inflection point displacement of the secondary rigidity can be adjusted according to the performance requirement of the whole vehicle by adjusting the gap between the elastic bearing block and the vehicle frame or the metal plate spring; when the compression degree of the elastic bearing block is too large, the rigid support can play a role of hard stop, so that the frame is prevented from contacting with the metal leaf spring, and the composite leaf spring is effectively protected from bearing too large load or impact; compared with the traditional steel plate spring suspension device, the suspension device has the advantages of weight reduction of more than 50%, low friction noise, better comfort, more than 3 times of service life and the like.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the combined suspension device of the invention when used in a small axle heavy vehicle.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the combined suspension device of the invention when used in a medium axle weight vehicle.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the combined suspension device of the invention when used in a heavy-axle vehicle.
Fig. 4 is an enlarged schematic view of the rigid mount of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of the composite plate spring in the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic view of the combined suspension of the present invention mounted to a vehicle frame.
The reference numerals in the figures denote: 1. a composite leaf spring; 11. a horizontal segment; 12. an inclined section; 13. a curved section; 2. a rigid support; 21. a limiting sleeve; 22. a support body; 23. a support plate; 24. installing a sleeve; 3. an elastic bearing block; 4. a frame; 52. a lower pressing plate; 53. a composite gasket; 6. a fastening assembly; 71. an upper wear plate; 72. a lower wear plate; 8. an axle; 9. a metal leaf spring.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and specific examples of the specification.
Fig. 1 to 6 show an embodiment of the combined suspension device of the present invention, which includes a metal plate spring 9, at least one composite plate spring 1 disposed below the metal plate spring 9, a rigid support 2, and an elastic bearing block 3 disposed on the rigid support 2, wherein the rigid support 2 is disposed in the middle of the metal plate spring 9, a gap is formed between the elastic bearing block 3 and the frame 4 when the vehicle is empty, and the elastic bearing block 3 can abut against the frame 4 as the load on the frame 4 increases. Of course, in other embodiments, the rigid support 2 may be disposed on the frame 4, and the elastic support block 3 may abut against the middle portion of the metal plate spring 9 with a gap between the elastic support block 3 and the metal plate spring 9 when the vehicle is empty and with an increase in load on the frame 4. Wherein the composite leaf spring 1 preferably comprises a resin matrix and reinforcing fibers, which may be: carbon fiber, glass fiber, aramid fiber, natural fiber or the like; the elastic bearing block 3 is preferably made of high polymer elastic materials such as rubber or polyurethane; the metal leaf spring 9 may be, for example, a common leaf spring or the like; the number of the composite plate spring 1 is adjusted according to the vehicle axle weight, and only one plate can be arranged for less than 8 tons, two plates can be arranged for about 10 tons, and three plates can be arranged for 12 tons; the metal leaf spring 9 and each composite leaf spring 1 can be connected and fixed by a fastening assembly 6, for example.
According to the combined type rotary hanging device, the metal plate spring 9 and the composite material plate spring 1 are combined, so that the bearing capacity and the light weight of a hanging system can be considered; the design of secondary rigidity is adopted, the rigidity is lower when the vehicle is empty, the elastic bearing block 3 is not contacted with the vehicle frame 4, and the load on the vehicle frame 4 is completely born by the metal plate spring 9 and the composite plate spring 1; along with the increase of the load, the elastic bearing block 3 is contacted with the frame 4, and the load is jointly born by the metal plate spring 9, the composite plate spring 1 and the elastic bearing block 3; when the vehicle is heavily driven, the metal plate spring 9, the composite plate spring 1 and the elastic bearing block 3 together provide larger rigidity, so that the suspension system can meet the vehicle operation requirement; furthermore, the empty comfort of the whole vehicle can be improved under the condition of ensuring the unchanged load bearing capacity of the heavy vehicle by reducing the rigidity of the metal plate spring 9 and the composite plate spring 1 and improving the rigidity of the elastic bearing block 3; the inflection point displacement of the secondary rigidity can be adjusted according to the performance requirement of the whole vehicle by adjusting the gap between the elastic bearing block 3 and the frame 4; when the compression degree of the elastic bearing block 3 is too large, the rigid support 2 can play a role of hard stop, so that the frame 4 is prevented from contacting the composite material leaf spring 1, and the composite material leaf spring 1 is effectively protected from bearing too large load or impact; compared with the traditional steel plate spring suspension device, the suspension device has the advantages of weight reduction of more than 50%, low friction noise, better comfort, more than 3 times of service life and the like.
Further, in this embodiment, the rigid support 2 is provided with a limiting sleeve 21, the limiting sleeve 21 is sleeved on the periphery of the elastic bearing block 3, and a gap is formed between the elastic bearing block 3 and the limiting sleeve 21. When the vehicle is in a heavy vehicle, the elastic bearing block 3 is compressed and deformed, and a gap between the elastic bearing block 3 and the limiting sleeve 21 is partially filled, so that higher rigidity is provided; when the vehicle frame 4 is compressed to a certain displacement, the rigid support 2 can play a role of hard stop, the composite plate spring 1 can be effectively protected from bearing excessive load or impact, nonlinear rigidity is realized, the overload bearing capacity of the vehicle is improved, and the structure is simple and reliable.
Furthermore, in this embodiment, the rigid support 2 includes a support main body 22, a support plate 23 and a mounting sleeve 24, the support main body 22 is connected to the support plate 23 through the fastening assembly 6, the limiting sleeve 21 and the mounting sleeve 24 are respectively disposed on two sides of the support plate 23, and the mounting sleeve 24 is sleeved on the support main body 22. The rigid support 2 of this kind of structure can realize the reliable installation of elasticity carrier block 3, and bearing capacity is strong, and installation cover 24 cup joints with support main part 22 and locks through fastening components 6, easily dismouting, maintenance.
Furthermore, in the present embodiment, the elastic bearing block 3 is a hollow structure, and the hollow portion corresponds to the fastening component 6. Hollow structure's elasticity carrier block 3 multiplicable deflection, and fastening component 6 specifically can be bolt and nut etc. and nut and bolt upper end are located the cavity intracavity, and appearance quality is good.
Furthermore, in the present embodiment, a lower pressing plate 52 is fixedly disposed at the lower side of the middle portion of the lowest composite plate spring 1. The lower press plate 52 provides a certain protection of the composite leaf spring 1 when the middle of the composite leaf spring 1 is mounted on the axle 8 by means of U-bolts.
Further, in the present embodiment, a composite material spacer 53 is disposed between the middle portion of the metal plate spring 9 and the middle portion of the composite material plate spring 9, between the middle portions of the two adjacent layers of the composite material plate springs 1, and between the lowest composite material plate spring 1 and the lower pressing plate 52. The composite material gasket 53 is beneficial to solving the problem of overlarge local stress caused by the direct contact between the metal plate spring 9 and the lower pressing plate 52 and the composite material plate spring 1, and the service life of the composite material plate spring 1 can be greatly prolonged; preferably, the thickness of the composite material spacer 53 is not greater than 4 mm.
In this embodiment, the upper wear plates 71 are fixed to the upper sides of the two end portions of the composite leaf spring 1, and the lower wear plates 72 are fixed to the lower sides thereof. The upper wear plate 71 and the lower wear plate 72 can avoid friction between the metal plate spring 9 and the composite plate spring 1 and between the composite plate springs 9, and are beneficial to prolonging the service life of the composite plate spring 1; the lower wear-resisting plates 72 on the lower surfaces of the two ends of the composite plate spring 1 at the lowest part can prevent the limit bolts below the end part of the composite plate spring 1 from directly contacting the composite plate spring 1 to damage when the two ends of the composite plate spring 1 are installed or pass through uneven road surfaces.
Further, in the present embodiment, each of the metal plate spring 9 and the composite plate spring 1 includes a horizontal section 11 located in the middle, inclined sections 12 located at both ends and inclined upward, and a curved section 13 for smoothly connecting the horizontal section 11 and the inclined sections 12, the thickness of the horizontal section 11 is greater than that of the inclined sections 12, and the thickness of the curved section 13 decreases from the horizontal section 11 to the inclined sections 12. The composite plate spring 1 in the form is reasonable in structure and beneficial to keeping stress at each position consistent.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it is not intended to be limited thereto. Those skilled in the art can make numerous possible variations and modifications to the present invention, or modify equivalent embodiments to equivalent variations, without departing from the scope of the invention, using the teachings disclosed above. Therefore, any simple modification, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiments according to the technical spirit of the present invention should fall within the protection scope of the technical scheme of the present invention, unless the technical spirit of the present invention departs from the content of the technical scheme of the present invention.