CN113048699B - Dam concrete water cooling process and device in high altitude cold region - Google Patents
Dam concrete water cooling process and device in high altitude cold region Download PDFInfo
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- CN113048699B CN113048699B CN202110525511.5A CN202110525511A CN113048699B CN 113048699 B CN113048699 B CN 113048699B CN 202110525511 A CN202110525511 A CN 202110525511A CN 113048699 B CN113048699 B CN 113048699B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F25D17/00—Arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; Arrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces
- F25D17/02—Arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; Arrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces for circulating liquids, e.g. brine
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D15/00—Handling building or like materials for hydraulic engineering or foundations
- E02D15/02—Handling of bulk concrete specially for foundation or hydraulic engineering purposes
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D2250/00—Production methods
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D2250/00—Production methods
- E02D2250/0023—Cast, i.e. in situ or in a mold or other formwork
Abstract
The invention provides a dam concrete water cooling process and a device in a high altitude cold region, wherein the process comprises the following steps: detecting water temperature, namely determining the water temperature of a water inlet of cooling water and the water temperature required by water supply, and heating and blending the water inlet when the water temperature of the water inlet is lower than the water temperature required by water supply; water cooling is carried out, water cooling is carried out immediately after concrete pouring is finished, water is carried out at the maximum flow in the temperature rising stage, and water is carried out at the normal flow in the concrete temperature reduction stage; and (3) monitoring the internal temperature change of the concrete while water is introduced for cooling, adjusting the water flow, controlling the cooling speed, and reducing the internal temperature of the concrete to the process requirement. By adopting the invention, the construction of water cooling of the concrete can be carried out in cold seasons at high altitude, thus saving the construction period; the difference between the water inlet temperature of the cooling water and the highest temperature of the concrete is ensured to be within the process allowable range; the temperature difference between the inside and the outside of the concrete is reduced, and concrete cracks are prevented.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of concrete water cooling, in particular to a dam concrete water cooling process and device in a high-altitude cold region.
Background
In a plurality of dam projects, the climate change is unstable, the water temperature in winter is low, the water temperature in summer is high, and the water temperature needs to be regulated and controlled according to the technical requirements of dam concrete water cooling. The temperature in summer in the inland is higher, the dam is filled with water and cooled by adopting unit refrigeration water or deep river water, the water temperature is relatively stable, the water filling and cooling process is relatively simple, and an operator does not need to greatly regulate and control the water filling flow according to the change of the water temperature. However, the temperature is low throughout the year in cold areas at high altitude, deep river water is not easy to obtain, and the cost of using the unit to prepare cold water is high, so that the cold water cooling system is not suitable for cooling dam concrete in cold climates at high altitude through water; most of water sources for water supply come from snow mountain melting water, the water temperature is low, the temperature difference is large, and the excessive temperature difference is easily generated between the water sources and the internal temperature of the concrete.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a dam concrete water cooling process and a dam concrete water cooling device in a high-altitude cold region.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme.
The invention provides a dam concrete water cooling process in a high altitude cold region, which comprises the following steps:
step one, water temperature detection, namely after snow melting pipelines in snow mountains are laid, determining the water temperature of a cooling water inlet and the water temperature required by water supply, and when the water temperature of the water inlet is lower than the water temperature required by water supply, heating and blending the water temperature of the water inlet, or else, not heating and blending the water temperature;
step two, water cooling is performed, water cooling is started when concrete pouring is completed, the maximum temperature inside the concrete is reduced by adopting maximum flow water in the concrete temperature rising stage, normal flow water is adopted in the concrete temperature lowering stage, and water flow is continuously adjusted along with the reduction of the concrete temperature;
step three, monitoring the process cooling speed, namely monitoring the temperature change in the concrete while water is introduced for cooling, and determining a heating stage, a cooling stage and a cooling speed for adjusting the flow of water and controlling the cooling speed;
and step four, when the cooling time of the water is up to the time of the technological requirement, and the internal temperature of the concrete is reduced to the technological requirement, the water cooling is finished.
In the first step, the determination method of the water temperature required by water supply comprises the step of monitoring the peak value of concrete temperature rise under the conditions that the water temperature at a water inlet is 5-10 ℃ and the water flow is 0.8-2.5 cubic meters per hour, wherein the water temperature required by water supply is less than the peak value, the difference value of the water temperature required by water supply is not more than 20 ℃ for the rolled concrete, and the water temperature required by water supply is not more than 25 ℃ for the normal concrete.
In the method for determining the required water temperature, the water flow direction is changed every 24 hours.
In the step one, the heating and water temperature blending treatment is specifically that a water inlet pipe for cooling water is heated by a water pipe heater, and dam body backwater of a water outlet pipe is pressurized and conveyed to a water inlet by a booster pump part.
In the second step, the maximum flow rate is 5 cubic meters per hour.
In the second step, the normal flow is 0.8-2.5 cubic meters per hour.
In the fourth step, the process time is specifically that the water cooling time is not less than 28 days, the temperature of the concrete is not more than the allowable maximum temperature, and the water cooling time is increased by 3 days when the temperature exceeds 1 ℃ in 28 days.
The invention also provides a dam concrete water cooling device in the high altitude cold region, which comprises a water inlet pipe, a water passing pump, a water inlet bag, a water outlet bag and a water outlet pipe, wherein the water passing pump and the water inlet bag are respectively arranged at two ends of the water inlet pipe, a plurality of cooling water pipes are connected between the water inlet bag and the water outlet bag, the water outlet pipe is connected with the water outlet bag, a first water temperature detector is arranged at a water inlet of the water inlet pipe, and a water pipe heater is arranged on the water inlet pipe.
The water pipe heater comprises a first heater, a second heater and a third heater, and the first heater, the second heater and the third heater are sequentially arranged close to the water inlet bag.
Still include the booster pump, the inlet connection outlet pipe of booster pump, the exit linkage inlet tube of booster pump.
And the outlet of the booster pump is arranged between the second heater and the third heater.
And the water inlet bag and the water outlet bag are respectively provided with a plurality of pipe joints.
And a water passing valve is connected between the water inlet bag and the water outlet bag.
And a second water temperature detector is also arranged at the inlet of the water inlet bag.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention has the following advantages: (1) the freezing blockage and crack of the cooling water pipe are prevented, the concrete water cooling construction can be carried out in cold seasons, and the construction period is saved; (2) the difference between the water inlet temperature of the cooling water and the highest temperature of the concrete is ensured to be within the process allowable range, the thermal stress of the concrete is reduced, and the concrete is prevented from cracking; (3) the maximum flow of water is adopted in the temperature rise stage, so that the peak clipping effect is achieved in the temperature rise stage of the concrete, the snow mountain melting water can be directly used for water cooling in most of time, the difference between the highest temperature in the concrete and the water temperature of the water is reduced, and the thermal stress is reduced; (4) through monitoring concrete temperature variation, reduce the flow of water promptly when the temperature begins to descend, guaranteed that concrete cooling rate is not more than 0.5 ℃ (rolling state concrete) every day, or 1 ℃ (normal concrete) every day, prevent that the concrete from ftractureing.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a concrete water cooling apparatus according to the present invention.
In the figure: 1-water inlet pipe; 2-water pump connection; 3-a water inlet bag; 4-water outlet; 5-a cooling water pipe; 6-water outlet pipe; 7-water tube heaters; 8-a first heater; 9-a second heater; 10-a third heater; 11-a first water temperature detector; 12-a booster pump; 13-pipe joint.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further described below, but the scope of the claimed invention is not limited to the described.
FIG. 1 shows a process flow diagram of the present invention:
the invention provides a dam concrete water cooling process in a high altitude cold region, which comprises the following steps:
step one, water temperature detection, namely after snow melting pipelines in snow mountains are laid, determining the water temperature of a cooling water inlet and the water temperature required by water supply, and when the water temperature of the water inlet is lower than the water temperature required by water supply, heating and blending the water temperature of the water inlet, or else, not heating and blending the water temperature;
step two, water cooling is performed, water cooling is started when concrete pouring is completed, the maximum temperature inside the concrete is reduced by adopting maximum flow water in the concrete temperature rising stage, normal flow water is adopted in the concrete temperature lowering stage, and water flow is continuously adjusted along with the reduction of the concrete temperature;
step three, monitoring the process cooling speed, namely monitoring the temperature change in the concrete while water is introduced for cooling, and determining a heating stage, a cooling stage and a cooling speed for adjusting the flow of water and controlling the cooling speed;
and step four, when the cooling time of the water is up to the time of the technological requirement, and the internal temperature of the concrete is reduced to the technological requirement, the water cooling is finished.
In the dam construction of a high-altitude cold area, the perennial average temperature of snow mountain melt water is lower than 7.5 ℃, the water temperature is 0-5 ℃ in a cold season (mainly 12 months to 2 months in the next year), water can be cooled and frozen at night to block the cooling water pipe 5, and even prop up the cooling water pipe 5 to crack, so that the construction of concrete water cooling needs to be stopped originally, and great waste is caused to the construction period. The dam site air temperature and snow mountain melt water average water temperature statistics are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 statistical table of dam site air temperature and snow mountain melt water average temperature
| Date | Measured average temperature (. degree. C.) | Measured average Water temperature (. degree. C.) | Remarks for note |
| 1 month | 1.24 | 0.81 | Dam body water-tight |
| 2 month | 4.35 | 4.98 | Dam body water-tight |
| 3 month | 9.13 | 6.94 | |
| 4 month | 13.57 | 9.31 | |
| |
15.68 | 10.09 | |
| 6 month | 20.45 | 8.81 | |
| 7 month | 17.82 | 9.61 | |
| 8 month | 20.06 | 10.22 | |
| 9 month | 16.87 | 9.12 | |
| 10 month | 12.47 | 7.87 | |
| 11 month | 8.33 | 5.18 | |
| 12 month | 2.23 | 2.00 | Dam body water-tight |
Through the first step, the freezing blockage and crack propping of the cooling water pipe 5 are prevented, and the difference between the water inlet temperature of the cooling water and the highest temperature of the concrete is ensured to be within the process allowable range, so that the concrete water cooling construction can be carried out in cold seasons, the thermal stress of the concrete is reduced, and the concrete is prevented from cracking. In the second step, after concrete pouring is finished, due to self heat generation, a certain time of heating stage is firstly carried out in the cooling process, maximum flow water is adopted, the peak clipping effect is achieved on the heating process of the concrete, the highest temperature in the concrete is reduced, snow mountain melt water can be directly used for water cooling in most of time, the difference between the highest temperature in the concrete and the water temperature of the water is reduced, and therefore thermal stress is reduced; in the third step, by monitoring the temperature change of the concrete, the water flow is reduced when the temperature begins to fall, and the concrete cooling speed is ensured to be not more than 0.5 ℃ (roller compacted concrete) every day or 1 ℃ (normal concrete) every day. The invention enables the required water temperature and the natural melt water temperature to establish a corresponding relation, and is used for guiding the water cooling of the dam concrete, thereby reducing the cost investment.
In the first step, the determination method of the water temperature required by water supply comprises the step of monitoring the peak value of concrete temperature rise under the conditions that the water temperature at a water inlet is 5-10 ℃ and the water flow is 0.8-2.5 cubic meters per hour, wherein the water temperature required by water supply is less than the peak value, the difference value of the water temperature required by water supply is not more than 20 ℃ for the rolled concrete, and the water temperature required by water supply is not more than 25 ℃ for the normal concrete. Under the condition of a standard water supply process, required water temperatures are respectively determined for roller compacted concrete and normal concrete, and the temperatures are close to the water temperature of a water inlet treated in a high-altitude cold area, so that the water temperature of subsequent water supply cooling is ensured to be at the optimal value of the required water temperature.
In the method for determining the required water temperature, the water flow direction is changed every 24 hours. The concrete is uniformly cooled, the temperature inconsistency degree of each area of the temperature field is reduced, the monitored temperature rise peak value is closer to the average value, and the error is reduced.
In the first step, the heating and water temperature blending treatment is specifically that the water inlet pipe 1 for cooling water is heated by the water pipe heater 7, and the dam body backwater of the water outlet pipe 6 is partially pressurized and conveyed to the water inlet by the booster pump 12. Through sending dam return water booster pump 12 to inlet tube 1, effectively utilized the concrete heat, made cooling water import temperature rise to intensive mixing, the temperature is even, and is in the optimum value of demand temperature after the temperature promotes, cold season temperature promotes the effect as shown in table 2:
table 2 statistical table for water temperature raising effect in cold season
In the second step, the maximum flow rate is 5 cubic meters per hour.
In the second step, the normal flow is 0.8-2.5 cubic meters per hour.
In the fourth step, the process time is specifically that the water cooling time is not less than 28 days, the temperature of the concrete is not more than the allowable maximum temperature, and the water cooling time is increased by 3 days when the temperature exceeds 1 ℃ in 28 days.
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the concrete water cooling device of the present invention:
the invention also provides a dam concrete water cooling device in the high-altitude cold region, which comprises a water inlet pipe 1, a water passing pump 2, a water inlet bag 3, a water outlet bag 4 and a water outlet pipe 6, wherein the water passing pump 2 and the water inlet bag 3 are respectively arranged at two ends of the water inlet pipe 1, a plurality of cooling water pipes 5 are connected between the water inlet bag 3 and the water outlet bag 4, the water outlet pipe 6 is connected with the water outlet bag 4, a first water temperature detector 11 is arranged at a water inlet of the water inlet pipe 1, and a water pipe heater 7 is arranged on the water inlet pipe 1.
When the concrete pouring device works, the cooling water pipe 5 is embedded in concrete, water is introduced for cooling after pouring is finished, the cooling water is pumped into the water inlet pipe 1 by the water pump 2, passes through the water inlet pipe 1, the water inlet bag 3 and the cooling water pipe 5 in sequence, the temperature of the cooling water pipe 5 rises, and finally the cooling water is discharged by the water outlet bag 4 and the water outlet pipe 6; the water inlet of the water inlet pipe 1 is detected by the first water temperature detector 11, and when the water temperature is lower than the required water temperature, the water pipe heater 7 can be opened for heating.
The concrete water cooling device prevents the cooling water pipe 5 from freezing, blocking and cracking, ensures that the difference between the water inlet temperature of the cooling water and the highest temperature of the concrete is within the allowable range of the process, can perform concrete water cooling construction in cold seasons, reduces the thermal stress of the concrete and prevents the concrete from cracking.
The water pipe heater 7 comprises a first heater 8, a second heater 9 and a third heater 10, wherein the first heater 8, the second heater 9 and the third heater 10 are sequentially arranged close to the water inlet 3.
The booster pump is characterized by further comprising a booster pump 12, wherein an inlet of the booster pump 12 is connected with the water outlet pipe 6, and an outlet of the booster pump 12 is connected with the water inlet pipe 1. By conveying the dam backwater booster pump 12 to the water inlet pipe 1, the heat of concrete is effectively utilized, the temperature of the cooling water inlet is increased, the water is fully mixed, and the temperature is uniform.
The outlet of the booster pump 12 is provided between the second heater 9 and the third heater 10. In a high-altitude cold area, the cooling water is snow mountain melt water generally, and the low-temperature snow mountain melt water is directly heated by the first heater 8 and the second heater 9, so that the heating rate is ensured; the backwater of the water pump is mixed with the snow mountain melting water, and then the temperature is adjusted by the third heater 10, so that the temperature after heating treatment is ensured to be at the optimal value of the required water temperature.
The water inlet bag 3 and the water outlet bag 4 are respectively provided with a plurality of pipe joints 13. The pipe joint 13 is connected with the cooling water pipe 5, so that the cooling water pipe 5 is still convenient to replace when damaged, and the maintenance cost is saved.
A water passing valve 14 is connected between the water inlet bag 3 and the water outlet bag 4. When the water temperature in the water inlet water bag is too low, the water in the water inlet water bag 3 is directly introduced into the water outlet water bag 4 and then returns to the water inlet pipe 1, and the water temperature is adjusted by heating with the heater.
The inlet of the water inlet bag 3 is also provided with a second water temperature detector 15. The water temperature of the cooling water can be conveniently detected.
Claims (7)
1. A dam concrete water cooling process in a high-altitude cold region is characterized by comprising the following steps: comprises the following steps of (a) carrying out,
step one, water temperature detection, namely after snow melting pipelines in snow mountains are laid, determining the water temperature of a cooling water inlet and the water temperature required by water supply, and when the water temperature of the water inlet is lower than the water temperature required by water supply, heating and blending the water temperature of the water inlet, or else, not heating and blending the water temperature;
the determination method of the water temperature required by water supply comprises the following steps of monitoring the peak value of concrete temperature rise under the conditions that the water temperature at a water inlet is 5-10 ℃, the water flow is 0.8-2.5 cubic meters per hour, the water temperature required by water supply is less than the peak value, the difference value of the water temperature required by water supply is not more than 20 ℃ for roller compacted concrete, and the water temperature required by water supply is not more than 25 ℃ for normal concrete;
step two, water cooling is performed, water cooling is started when concrete pouring is completed, the maximum temperature inside the concrete is reduced by adopting maximum flow water in the concrete temperature rising stage, normal flow water is adopted in the concrete temperature lowering stage, and water flow is continuously adjusted along with the reduction of the concrete temperature;
the maximum flow rate is 5 cubic meters per hour; the normal flow is 0.8-2.5 cubic meters per hour;
step three, monitoring the process cooling speed, namely monitoring the temperature change in the concrete while water is introduced for cooling, and determining a heating stage, a cooling stage and a cooling speed for adjusting the flow of water and controlling the cooling speed;
and step four, when the cooling time of the water is up to the time of the technological requirement, and the internal temperature of the concrete is reduced to the technological requirement, the water cooling is finished.
2. The dam concrete water cooling process in the high altitude cold region as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the method for determining the required water temperature, the water flow direction is changed every 24 hours.
3. The dam concrete water cooling process in the high altitude cold region as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the first step, the heating and water temperature adjusting treatment is specifically that the water inlet pipe (1) for cooling water is heated by a water pipe heater (7), and dam body backwater of the water outlet pipe (6) is partially pressurized and conveyed to a water inlet by a booster pump (12).
4. The dam concrete water cooling process in the high altitude cold region as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the fourth step, the process time is specifically that the water cooling time is not less than 28 days, the temperature of the concrete is not more than the allowable maximum temperature, and the water cooling time is increased by 3 days when the temperature exceeds 1 ℃ in 28 days.
5. The dam concrete water cooling device for the high-altitude cold area dam concrete water cooling process for realizing any one of claims 1 to 4, is characterized in that: including inlet tube (1), lead to water pump (2), intake water drum (3), play water drum (4), outlet pipe (6), inlet tube (1) both ends are located respectively to lead to water pump (2), intake water drum (3), are connected with many cooling water pipes (5) between intake water drum (3) and the play water drum (4), outlet pipe (6) are connected with play water drum (4), and the water inlet of inlet tube (1) is equipped with first temperature detector (11), is equipped with water pipe heater (7) on inlet tube (1).
6. The dam concrete water cooling device in the high altitude cold region as claimed in claim 5, wherein: the water pipe heater (7) comprises a first heater (8), a second heater (9) and a third heater (10), and the first heater (8), the second heater (9) and the third heater (10) are sequentially arranged close to the water inlet bag (3).
7. The dam concrete water cooling device in the high altitude cold region as claimed in claim 6, wherein: the water pump is characterized by further comprising a booster pump (12), wherein an inlet of the booster pump (12) is connected with the water outlet pipe (6), and an outlet of the booster pump (12) is connected with the water inlet pipe (1).
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| EP0303554A3 (en) * | 1987-08-13 | 1991-03-20 | Heat-Crete Pty. Ltd. | Liquid heating system for concrete plants |
| RU85501U1 (en) * | 2008-09-17 | 2009-08-10 | Ильдар Ирекович Сайфуллин | BASIS FOR ICE FIELD |
| CN102720364B (en) * | 2012-06-25 | 2015-05-13 | 广东省长大公路工程有限公司 | Automatic temperature control process for large-size concrete construction |
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| CN104060612B (en) * | 2013-03-22 | 2016-06-08 | 中国水电顾问集团贵阳勘测设计研究院 | For temperature control method and the device of concrete dam severe cold winter construction |
| CN103526761B (en) * | 2013-10-24 | 2015-05-20 | 中国一冶集团有限公司 | Large-sized concrete automatic temperature control and maintenance device and method |
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