CN113008829A - Near-infrared linear cavity enhanced absorption spectrum device based on optical feedback - Google Patents

Near-infrared linear cavity enhanced absorption spectrum device based on optical feedback Download PDF

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CN113008829A
CN113008829A CN202110247190.7A CN202110247190A CN113008829A CN 113008829 A CN113008829 A CN 113008829A CN 202110247190 A CN202110247190 A CN 202110247190A CN 113008829 A CN113008829 A CN 113008829A
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CN113008829B (en
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马维光
周晓彬
赵刚
许非
贾锁堂
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Shanxi University
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Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of laser spectroscopy, and particularly relates to a near-infrared linear cavity enhanced absorption spectroscopy device based on optical feedback. The laser output frequency of the semiconductor laser controller is tuned by scanning laser driving current through a function generator, the laser emitted by the DFB laser sequentially passes through a matching lens, a reflector fixed on piezoelectric ceramics, a tunable spatial attenuator and a double-mirror linear F-P cavity, the laser transmitted by the double-mirror linear F-P cavity is converged to an indium gallium arsenic avalanche photodetector through a focusing lens and then is sent to a computer through a high-speed data acquisition card, and a LabView program is used for recording and processing cavity mode signals. When the device is used, the first beam of cavity front mirror reflected light does not generate optical feedback by adjusting the feedback phase, so that high-sensitivity detection of gas is realized.

Description

Near-infrared linear cavity enhanced absorption spectrum device based on optical feedback
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of laser spectroscopy, and particularly relates to a near-infrared linear cavity enhanced absorption spectroscopy device based on optical feedback.
Background
With the progress of human society and the rapid development of science and technology, the problem of environmental pollution becomes more and more significant, wherein air pollution has a great negative effect on human health, and the number of people suffering from respiratory diseases is increasing in recent years and gradually becomes one of the main causes of human death, so that the ultra-sensitive detection of harmful gases is of great importance. Meanwhile, in the fields of development of industry and agriculture, scientific research and the like, ultra-sensitive trace gas detection also plays a vital role.
Laser absorption spectroscopy differs from other spectroscopic absorption techniques in that the intensity of the laser is high enough to suppress noise interference generated in the detector, while the collimation of the laser also facilitates the use of multi-optical path cell or cavity enhancement techniques to increase the absorption path of the gas. All of these features can improve the detection sensitivity of the gas.
The cavity enhanced spectroscopy (CEAS) technology greatly increases the absorption path of the system, so that the detection sensitivity of the system is obviously improved, the simplest method for realizing the cavity enhanced absorption spectroscopy technology is to measure the amplitude of a cavity mode, namely direct CEAS, however, when the reflectivity of high reflective mirrors at two sides of a cavity is increased, the line width of the cavity mode becomes very narrow, and the amplitude of the cavity mode is difficult to accurately capture by data acquisition equipment with a common sampling rate; meanwhile, the line width of the laser is far larger than that of the cavity mode, so that only a small part of laser frequency and cavity resonance are caused, and the transmission power of the cavity is very low. In summary, it is difficult to achieve accurate measurement of gas absorption spectra with direct CEAS.
The optical feedback cavity enhanced absorption spectroscopy (OF-CEAS) technology can well solve the problem OF low coupling efficiency OF a wide linewidth laser in the process OF coupling with a high-fineness cavity. In 2005, j.morville et al first proposed OF-CEAS, which is based on a three-mirror V cavity, using optical feedback to achieve high-sensitivity CEAS. The V-shaped cavity can easily prevent the first beam cavity front mirror from reflecting light to enter the laser, so that the feedback influence of a non-resonant field is avoided. However, as the V-shaped cavity is additionally provided with one cavity mirror relative to the linear F-P cavity, larger cavity mirror loss is generated, and meanwhile, vibration has larger influence on the V-shaped cavity. In 2013, the ritchai group develops an optical feedback cavity enhanced absorption spectrum technology based on a linear F-P cavity, in order to inhibit the influence of reflected light of a first beam of cavity front mirror on optical feedback, the mode of laser and the mode of the cavity are intentionally mismatched, so that the light beam of the reflected light of the first beam of cavity front mirror is larger, and the reflected light of the first beam of cavity front mirror is filtered through an aperture diaphragm. But due to laser-cavity mode mismatch, light cannot be coupled into the optical cavity completely, and a large amount of optical cavity transmitted light power is lost. Therefore, the invention discloses a novel OF-CEAS device based on a linear F-P cavity, and further the reflected light OF the front mirror OF the first beam cavity does not generate optical feedback by adjusting the feedback phase, so that the optical feedback cavity enhancement based on the linear F-P cavity can be realized without mode mismatch.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention provides a near-infrared linear cavity enhanced absorption spectrum device based on optical feedback, and when the device is used, the first beam of cavity front mirror reflected light does not generate optical feedback by adjusting the feedback phase, so that the high-sensitivity detection of gas is realized.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a near-infrared linear cavity enhanced absorption spectrum device based on optical feedback comprises a DFB laser, a precise displacement table, a semiconductor laser controller, a function generator, a matching lens, a reflector fixed on piezoelectric ceramics, a tunable spatial attenuator, a double-mirror linear F-P cavity, a focusing lens, an indium gallium arsenic avalanche photodetector and a computer; the laser output frequency of the semiconductor laser controller is tuned by scanning laser driving current through a function generator, the laser emitted by the DFB laser sequentially passes through a matching lens, a reflector fixed on piezoelectric ceramics, a tunable spatial attenuator and a double-mirror linear F-P cavity, the laser transmitted by the double-mirror linear F-P cavity is converged to an indium gallium arsenic avalanche photodetector through a focusing lens and then is sent to a computer through a high-speed data acquisition card, and a LabView program is used for recording and processing cavity mode signals.
Further, the device also comprises a high-voltage amplifier, wherein the length of the piezoelectric ceramic is controlled by the high-voltage amplifier, and the output voltage of the high-voltage amplifier is controlled by a computer.
Furthermore, the DFB laser is installed in the heat dissipation base and then fixed on the precision displacement table; the rear side of heat dissipation base is equipped with the mounting hole for install the DFB laser instrument, the preceding through-hole that is equipped with of mounting hole, one side of mounting hole is equipped with the screw hole for it is fixed with accurate displacement platform, be equipped with the recess under the mounting hole for fixed DFB laser instrument, the axle center of mounting hole and through-hole is at same water flat line, the axial lead of screw hole is perpendicular with the axial lead of mounting hole, the diameter of through-hole is less than the diameter of mounting hole.
Furthermore, the device also comprises a vacuum pump and a barometer, wherein an air inlet is formed in one side of the double-mirror linear F-P cavity, an air outlet is formed in the other side of the double-mirror linear F-P cavity, and the air outlet is connected with the vacuum pump and the barometer through a tee joint, so that accurate control of air pressure in the cavity is realized.
Further, the double-mirror linear F-P cavity is composed of a pair of high-reflection mirrors with the reflectivity of 99.57%, the cavity fineness is 700, the cavity mode line width is 500kHz, the cavity is made of a microcrystalline glass material with an ultra-low thermal expansion coefficient, the length of the cavity is 39.4cm, and the corresponding free spectral range is 380 MHz.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the invention realizes optical feedback by adopting the linear F-P cavity, and the first beam of cavity front mirror reflected light does not generate optical feedback by adjusting the feedback phase, so that the optical feedback cavity enhancement based on the linear F-P cavity can be realized without mode mismatch.
2. The invention simplifies the light path and reduces the whole size of the device.
3. The method utilizes the symmetry of the cavity mold to compile the labview program, and the program compiling and running processes are simple and convenient.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a near infrared linear cavity enhanced absorption spectroscopy device based on optical feedback;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a heat dissipation base;
FIG. 3 is an optical cavity transmission signal with and without optical feedback, and FIG. 3(a) is an optical cavity transmission signal without optical feedback; FIG. 3(b) optical cavity transmission signal in the presence of optical feedback;
FIG. 4 is a graph of cavity mode transmission signals acquired at different feedback phase values, where FIG. 4(a) and FIG. 4(b) correspond to cavity mode transmission signals at different directional phase deviations, respectively;
FIG. 5 is a measured cavity transmission cavity mode;
FIG. 6 is CH at local atmospheric pressure (699.2torr)4An absorption spectrum of the gas;
FIG. 7 shows the non-absorption background signal and CH obtained by using LabView program to collect the peak value of each transmission cavity mode signal4An absorption curve;
in the figure, a 1-DFB laser, a 2-precision displacement table, a 3-semiconductor laser controller, a 4-function generator, a 5-matching lens, a 6-reflector, a 7-reflector fixed on piezoceramics, an 8-tunable spatial attenuator, a 9-double-mirror linear F-P cavity, a 10-focusing lens, an 11-indium gallium arsenic avalanche photodetector, a 12-computer, a 13-high voltage amplifier, a 14-vacuum pump, a 15-barometer, a 16-heat dissipation base, a 161-mounting hole, a 162-through hole, a 163-threaded hole and a 164-groove.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1, the near-infrared linear cavity enhanced absorption spectroscopy apparatus based on optical feedback of the present invention comprises a DFB laser 1, a precision displacement stage 2, a semiconductor laser controller 3, a function generator 4, a matching lens 5, a reflector 6, a reflector 7 fixed on piezoelectric ceramics, a tunable spatial attenuator 8, a two-mirror linear F-P cavity 9, a focusing lens 10, an indium gallium arsenic avalanche photodetector 11, a computer 12, a high voltage amplifier 13, a vacuum pump 14, and a barometer 15;
the DFB laser 1 is used as a light source and fixed on a precise displacement table 2, the semiconductor laser controller 3 controls the temperature and the current of the DFB laser 1, the laser output frequency of the semiconductor laser controller 3 is tuned by scanning laser driving current through a function generator 4, laser emitted by the DFB laser 1 sequentially passes through a matching lens 5, a reflector 6, a reflector 7 fixed on piezoelectric ceramics, a tunable spatial attenuator 8 and a double-mirror linear F-P cavity 9, the laser transmitted by the double-mirror linear F-P cavity 9 is converged to an indium gallium arsenic avalanche photodetector 11 through a focusing lens 10 and then is sent to a computer 12 through a high-speed data acquisition card, and a LabView program is used for recording and processing cavity mode signals. The high voltage amplifier 13 controls the length of the piezoelectric ceramic, and the output voltage of the high voltage amplifier 13 is controlled by the computer 12. The DFB laser 1 is arranged in the heat dissipation base 16 and then fixed on the precision displacement table 2; the rear side of heat dissipation base 16 is equipped with mounting hole 161 for installation DFB laser instrument 1, the preceding through-hole 162 that is equipped with of mounting hole 161, one side of mounting hole 161 is equipped with screw hole 163 for it is fixed with accurate displacement platform 2, be equipped with recess 164 under the mounting hole 161 for fixed DFB laser instrument 1, the axle center of mounting hole 161 and through-hole 162 is at same water flat line, the axial lead of screw hole 163 is perpendicular with the axial lead of mounting hole 161, the diameter of through-hole 162 is less than the diameter of mounting hole 161. One side of the double-mirror linear F-P cavity 9 is provided with an air inlet, the other side of the double-mirror linear F-P cavity is provided with an air outlet, and the air outlet is connected with a vacuum pump (14) and a barometer (15) through a tee joint, so that accurate control of air pressure in the cavity is realized.
The DFB laser 1 is an Eblana, TTP190719243 TO packaged DFB laser, and the distance between the front mirror of the double-mirror linear F-P cavity 9 and the DFB laser 1 can be controlled by adjusting a knob on the precise displacement table 2TO enable the distance TO be roughly equal TO integral multiple of the length of the double-mirror linear F-P cavity. The frequency tuning of the DFB laser 1 is achieved by sweeping the drive current of the semiconductor laser controller 3 by a triangular wave signal output from the function generator 4. The laser enters a double-mirror linear F-P cavity 9 after sequentially passing through a matching lens 5, a reflector 6, a reflector 7 fixed on piezoelectric ceramics and a tunable spatial attenuator 8. The reflector closest to the cavity is a reflector 7 fixed on piezoelectric ceramics, the length of the piezoelectric ceramics (PZT) can be controlled by a high-voltage amplifier 13, the fine adjustment of the optical path is realized by changing the length of the PZT, and the tunable spatial attenuator 8 is used for controlling the feedback rate of the resonant field.
In the present invention, the two-mirror linear F-P cavity 9 is comprised of a pair of high-reflectivity mirrors with a reflectivity of 99.57%, a cavity finesse of about 700, and a cavity mode linewidth of about 500 kHz. The cavity is made of microcrystalline glass material with ultra-low thermal expansion coefficient, the length of the cavity is 39.4cm, and the corresponding FSR (free spectral range) is about 380 MHz. When the laser frequency is tuned to happen to resonate with the optical cavity, the laser will resonate stably within the cavity. Laser transmitted by the cavity is focused to a detector (Thorlabs, APD110C/M) by a focusing lens and then output to a data acquisition card, and is recorded and processed by a computer through a Labview program. The control of the air pressure in the cavity is realized by connecting a barometer 15 and a vacuum pump 14 with the cavity through a tee joint.
The cavity mode signal acquired by the detector with or without optical feedback is shown in fig. 2, and a continuous cavity mode signal is obtained by scanning the laser frequency. Fig. 3(a) shows a cavity mode signal when there is no optical feedback phenomenon, and adding an optical isolator component to the optical path can effectively suppress optical feedback to obtain a cavity mode signal without feedback. Because the line width of the DFB laser is much wider than that of the cavity mode, only a small part of laser can be coupled into the cavity, the detected cavity transmission light mode is disordered and fluctuates at the moment, and if the mode amplitude is directly used for measuring absorption, due to the limitation of the sampling rate, a complete cavity mode signal cannot be acquired so as to obtain a complete cavity enhanced absorption signal. Removal of the optical isolator yields a value close to 10-4When the laser frequency and the optical cavity resonate, a resonant optical field in the cavity returns along the optical path and is injected into the laser to generate optical feedback on the laser, so that the output frequency of the laser is locked at the resonant frequency, the coupling efficiency of the laser to the cavity is greatly improved, the stability of the peak value of the cavity mode is improved, and the widening of the cavity mode can be observed as shown in fig. 3 (b). Meanwhile, since the feedback phase of the high-order transverse mode cannot meet the optical feedback requirement and cannot be widened, the ratio of the amplitude of the longitudinal mode to the amplitude of the high-order transverse mode can be greatly increased by comparing the cavity mode signal in fig. 3(a) without feedback.
When the feedback phase does not satisfy 2n pi (n is a positive integer), the cavity mode signal is as shown in fig. 4. The precise tuning of the feedback phase is accomplished by varying the drive voltage of the PZT. Fig. 4(a) and 4(b) correspond to cavity mode transmission signals under different directional phase deviations, respectively. It was found that when the feedback phase is changed, the transmission cavity mode appears to have an asymmetric morphology. The feedback phase is mainly affected by the change of the optical path length, the temperature drift and the vibration change the optical path length, so that the feedback phase is affected, and the feedback phase needs to be controlled in real time. In the invention, the error signal is generated by judging the asymmetric direction and size of the cavity mold and feeds back and controls the PZT expansion and contraction in real time, thereby leading the feedback phase to be proper. The Labview program was written by integrating the principle of generating error signals on the left and right sides of the cavity mode, respectively. The error signal is output to the high-voltage amplifier after proportional operation, and further the stretching of the PZT is controlled, so that the dynamic control of the phase is realized, and the cavity mode is always maintained in the state shown in fig. 3 (b).
By measuring CH4Three superimposed absorption lines (absorption line intensity of about 1.4X 10) at 1653.72nm-21cm-1/mol·cm-2) The absorption spectrum of methane is accurately measured. The background signal was first obtained by measuring the no-absorption signal in the vacuum state as shown in FIG. 5. The triangular wave is output by a function generator to scan the output frequency of the laser and generate about 100 cavity modes within 80ms, corresponding to a frequency scan range of about 38 GHz. Each single cavity mode in the figure is an axisymmetric arched shape as shown in fig. 3 (b). Then, 32ppm methane indicator gas is filled into the cavity, the pressure is controlled at 699.2torr (consistent with the local atmospheric pressure), the transmission cavity mode signal collected at the moment is as shown in fig. 6, and it can be seen that the middle position of the cavity mode sequence is CH4Absorbing the induced amplitude depression.
The background signal and the absorption signal shown in fig. 7 can be obtained by plotting the cavity mode peaks in fig. 5 and 6 as the relative frequencies, which are obtained from the free spectral range of the cavity.
When there is absorption in the cavity, the relative rate of change of the intensity of the transmitted light in the cavity can be expressed as:
Figure BDA0002964519220000071
wherein I0As background light intensity, ItIn order to have light intensity during absorption, R is the reflectivity of the cavity mirror, alpha is the gas absorption coefficient, and v is the optical frequency. Based on this formula, can be passed through0And ItAnd (5) obtaining the absorption coefficient of the gas through inversion, and further obtaining the concentration of the target gas.

Claims (5)

1. A near-infrared linear cavity enhanced absorption spectrum device based on optical feedback is characterized by comprising a DFB laser (1), a precise displacement table (2), a semiconductor laser controller (3), a function generator (4), a matching lens (5), a reflector (6), a reflector (7) fixed on piezoelectric ceramics, a tunable spatial attenuator (8), a double-mirror linear F-P cavity (9), a focusing lens (10), an indium gallium arsenic avalanche photodetector (11) and a computer (12); the laser device comprises a DFB laser (1), a semiconductor laser controller (3), a function generator (4), a tunable space attenuator (8) and a double-mirror linear F-P cavity (9), wherein the DFB laser (1) is used as a light source and fixed on a precise displacement table (2), the semiconductor laser controller (3) controls the temperature and the current of the DFB laser (1), the laser output frequency of the semiconductor laser controller (3) is tuned by scanning laser driving current through the function generator (4), laser emitted by the DFB laser (1) sequentially passes through a matched lens (5), a reflector (6), a reflector (7) fixed on piezoelectric ceramics, the tunable space attenuator (8) and the double-mirror linear F-P cavity (9), the laser transmitted by the double-mirror linear F-P cavity (9) is converged to an indium gallium arsenic avalanche photodetector (11) through a focusing lens (10), then is sent to a computer (12) through a high-speed data acquisition.
2. The optical feedback-based near-infrared linear cavity enhanced absorption spectroscopy device according to claim 1, further comprising a high voltage amplifier (13), wherein the high voltage amplifier (13) controls the length of the piezoelectric ceramic, and the output voltage of the high voltage amplifier (13) is controlled by the computer (12).
3. The optical feedback-based near-infrared linear cavity enhanced absorption spectroscopy device according to claim 1, wherein the DFB laser (1) is mounted in a heat dissipation base (16) and then fixed on the precision displacement table (2); the rear side of heat dissipation base (16) is equipped with mounting hole (161) for installation DFB laser instrument (1), the preceding through-hole (162) that is equipped with of mounting hole (161), one side of mounting hole (161) is equipped with screw hole (163), is used for fixed with accurate displacement platform (2), be equipped with recess (164) under mounting hole (161) for fixed DFB laser instrument (1), the axle center of mounting hole (161) and through-hole (162) is at same water flat line, the axial lead of screw hole (163) is perpendicular with the axial lead of mounting hole (161), the diameter of through-hole (162) is less than the diameter of mounting hole (161).
4. The near-infrared linear cavity enhanced absorption spectroscopy device based on optical feedback as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a vacuum pump (14) and a barometer (15), wherein the two-mirror linear F-P cavity (9) is provided with an air inlet on one side and an air outlet on the other side, and the air outlet is connected with the vacuum pump (14) and the barometer (15) through a tee joint.
5. The optical feedback-based near-infrared linear cavity enhanced absorption spectroscopy device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the dual-mirror linear F-P cavity (9) is composed of a pair of high-reflectivity mirrors with reflectivity of 99.57%, cavity fineness is 700, cavity mode line width is 500kHz, the cavity is made of microcrystalline glass material with ultra-low thermal expansion coefficient, the cavity is 39.4cm long, and the corresponding free spectral region is 380 MHz.
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