CN113001226A - Tool changing device with Y-axis locking mechanism and tool changing process - Google Patents

Tool changing device with Y-axis locking mechanism and tool changing process Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113001226A
CN113001226A CN202110374244.6A CN202110374244A CN113001226A CN 113001226 A CN113001226 A CN 113001226A CN 202110374244 A CN202110374244 A CN 202110374244A CN 113001226 A CN113001226 A CN 113001226A
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tool
locking mechanism
guide rail
column
lead screw
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Chinese (zh)
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许云龙
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Jiangsu Hongda Numerical Control Science & Technology Co ltd
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Jiangsu Hongda Numerical Control Science & Technology Co ltd
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Priority to CN202110374244.6A priority Critical patent/CN113001226A/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q3/00—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine
    • B23Q3/155—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling
    • B23Q3/1552—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling parts of devices for automatically inserting or removing tools
    • B23Q3/15526—Storage devices; Drive mechanisms therefor

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Automatic Tool Replacement In Machine Tools (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种设有Y轴锁紧机构的换刀装置及换刀过程，属于数控机床用刀架技术领域，包括立柱、电机、锁紧机构、丝杠和刀架，刀架包括刀架箱体和刀架零件；电机通过电机连接板固定安装在立柱上，锁紧机构固定安装在立柱上，锁紧机构包括导轨、滑块和导轨锁紧装置，导轨与立柱之间固定连接，滑块和导轨锁紧装置依次设于导轨上，且可沿导轨做Y轴升降运动；本发明较传统的刀塔换刀装置其功能增加了Y轴方向的运动，同时采用导轨锁紧装置对换刀装置Y轴方向运动后进行定位锁紧，对比传统的换刀装置结构，此结构直接锁紧零件加工受冲击大的部位，大大减少了零件切削时产生的震动，更有效的保证了零件的加工精度和光洁度。

Figure 202110374244

The invention discloses a tool changing device provided with a Y-axis locking mechanism and a tool changing process, belonging to the technical field of tool rests for numerically controlled machine tools, comprising a column, a motor, a locking mechanism, a lead screw and a tool rest. The frame box and the tool holder parts; the motor is fixedly installed on the column through the motor connecting plate, and the locking mechanism is fixedly installed on the column. The locking mechanism includes a guide rail, a slider and a guide rail locking device. The sliding block and the guide rail locking device are arranged on the guide rail in turn, and can move up and down along the Y axis of the guide rail. The tool changer is positioned and locked after moving in the Y-axis direction. Compared with the traditional tool changer structure, this structure directly locks the parts where the parts are subjected to large impacts, which greatly reduces the vibration generated when the parts are cut, and more effectively guarantees the parts. of machining accuracy and finish.

Figure 202110374244

Description

Tool changing device with Y-axis locking mechanism and tool changing process
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of tool rests for numerical control machines, and particularly relates to a tool changing device with a Y-axis locking mechanism and a tool changing process.
Background
In the numerical control machine tool machining, the traditional tool changer can only rotate around the axis of a turret for tool changing, in the tool changer in the prior art, the tool changer with the Y-axis movement function generally does not comprise a locking device or only carries out contracting brake locking on a ball screw, and the defects of the tool changer are mainly shown in that when complex machining such as drilling and milling is carried out, the tool changer vibrates, and the machining precision and the surface finish degree of parts are influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a tool changing device with a Y-axis locking mechanism and a tool changing process, so as to solve the technical problems in the background technology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention discloses a tool changing device provided with a Y-axis locking mechanism, which comprises an upright post, a motor, a locking mechanism, a lead screw and a tool rest, wherein the tool rest comprises a tool rest box body and tool rest parts; the motor is fixedly arranged on the stand column through a motor connecting plate, the stand column is of a cuboid frame structure with two corresponding surfaces of an opening structure, the tool rest box body is divided into a first part and a second part, the first part of the tool rest box body is positioned in the frame structure of the stand column, and the second part of the tool rest box body extends to the outside of the stand column through the opening structure of the frame structure and is respectively and fixedly connected with the locking mechanism and the tool rest part; the lead screw is arranged in parallel with the motor rotating shaft, the motor rotating shaft is provided with a motor belt pulley, one end of the lead screw, which faces the motor belt pulley, extends out of the frame structure of the upright post, the end part of one end of the lead screw, which extends out of the upright post, is provided with the lead screw belt pulley, and the motor belt pulley is connected with the lead screw belt pulley through a synchronous belt; on the outer side wall of one side, facing the cutter head, of the upright post, a locking mechanism is fixedly installed along the Y-axis direction of the outer side wall, the locking mechanism comprises a guide rail, a sliding block and a guide rail locking device, the guide rail is fixedly connected with the upright post, and the sliding block and the guide rail locking device are sequentially arranged on the guide rail and can do Y-axis lifting motion along the guide rail; the second part of the knife rest box body is fixedly arranged on the sliding block and the guide rail locking device.
Further, the tool rest parts comprise a tool pan, an outer gear ring and a transmission gear, and the tool pan is fixedly arranged on the tool rest box body sequentially through the outer gear ring and the transmission gear.
Furthermore, 1 locking mechanism is respectively arranged in the Y-axis direction of two ends of the outer side wall of the upright column facing to the cutter head, the locking mechanisms are respectively a first locking mechanism positioned on the left side of the upright column and a second locking mechanism positioned on the right side of the upright column, and the first locking mechanism and the second locking mechanism are identical in structure.
Furthermore, in each 1 locking mechanism, 2 adjacent sliding blocks are respectively arranged along the length direction of the guide rail.
Furthermore, a convex edge is vertically arranged on the second part of the tool rest box body at the end face in contact with the sliding block of the first locking mechanism, and the length direction of the convex edge is consistent with that of the guide rail; the convex edge is contacted with the sliding block.
Furthermore, a slide block baffle is fixedly connected to the second part of the knife rest box body, and the second part is perpendicular to the outer side face provided with the convex edge; the slide block is positioned between the slide block baffle and the position of the convex rib.
Furthermore, a convex edge is vertically arranged on the second part of the tool rest box body at the end face in contact with the sliding block of the second locking mechanism, and the length direction of the convex edge is consistent with that of the guide rail; the convex edge is contacted with the sliding block; a slide block baffle is fixedly connected to the second part of the knife rest box body, and is perpendicular to the outer side surface provided with the convex edge; the slide block is positioned between the slide block baffle and the position of the convex rib.
Furthermore, a metal shell is fixedly sleeved on the outer side wall of the side, facing the cutter disc, of the upright post.
Furthermore, the bottom of the guide rail is sleeved with a bottom support, and the metal shell is fixedly connected with the bottom support.
The invention also claims a tool changing process by adopting the tool changing device, which comprises the following steps:
(1) the motor works, the rotation of the motor rotating shaft drives the screw rod belt wheel to rotate through the synchronous belt, so as to drive the screw rod to do lifting motion along the Y-axis direction, further drive the cutter rest box body to do lifting motion along the Y-axis direction, and further drive the cutter rest to do lifting motion along the Y-axis direction;
(2) when the tool rest moves to a designated position, the motor stops working, the guide rail locking device fixes the tool rest box body at the specific position of the guide rail by controlling air pressure, and the tool rest rotates the tool pan to the designated tool position and locks the tool pan by hydraulic pressure, so that a tool changing action is completed.
In the invention, the motor transmits power through the pulley set to control the tool changing device to move in the Y-axis direction. When the tool changing device reaches the designated position, the guide rail locking device locks in the Y-axis direction to ensure the locking precision, and finally the tool changing device performs a tool changing process to complete one action.
Compared with the existing products, the tool changing device with the Y-axis locking mechanism and the tool changing process have the following advantages:
compared with the traditional tool changer structure, the structure directly locks the part which is greatly impacted when the part is machined, greatly reduces the vibration generated when the part is machined, and more effectively ensures the machining precision and the finish degree of the part.
Drawings
FIG. 1: the tool holder side three-dimensional structure of the tool changing device in embodiment 1 is schematically shown.
FIG. 2: in the embodiment 1, the tool changing device omits a metal shell and a vertical structure schematic diagram of the rear tool rest side of a bottom support.
FIG. 3: in embodiment 1, the tool changing device omits a metal shell and a schematic structural diagram of the rear side of the post at the back of the bottom support.
FIG. 4: a partial enlarged structural schematic diagram of a first locking mechanism of a tool changer in embodiment 1.
Description of reference numerals: 1-upright column; 2, a motor; 3-a lead screw; 4-a tool rest; 5-a first locking mechanism; 6-a second locking mechanism; 7-tool rest box body; 8-a slide block baffle; 9-a metal housing; 10-bottom support; 21-a motor rotating shaft; 22-motor pulley; 23-a synchronous belt; 24-a motor connection plate; 31-a screw pulley; 41-cutter head; 42-outer gear ring; 43-a transmission gear; 51-a guide rail; 52-a slide block; 53-guide locking device; 71-a first part of a tool holder box; 72-a second portion of the tool holder case; 721-ribs.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail by the following specific examples.
Example 1
Fig. 1-4 show a block diagram of a tool changer provided with a Y-axis locking mechanism.
A tool changing device provided with a Y-axis locking mechanism comprises an upright post 1, a motor 2, a locking mechanism, a lead screw 3 and a tool rest 4, wherein the tool rest 4 comprises a tool rest box body 7 and tool rest parts, and the tool rest parts comprise a tool disc 41, an outer gear ring 42 and a transmission gear 43; the cutter head 41 is fixedly arranged on the cutter frame box body 7 through an outer gear ring 42 and a transmission gear 43 in sequence;
the motor 2 is fixedly arranged on the upright post 1 through a motor connecting plate 24, and the upright post 1 is fixedly arranged on a numerical control machine tool and is a fixing mechanism.
The upright post 1 is a cuboid frame structure with two corresponding surfaces of an opening structure, the tool rest box body 7 is divided into a first part and a second part, the first part 71 of the tool rest box body is positioned inside the frame structure of the upright post 1, and the second part 72 of the tool rest box body extends to the outside of the upright post 1 through the opening structure of the frame structure and is respectively fixedly connected with the locking mechanism and the tool rest part;
the lead screw 3 is fixedly connected with the first part 71 of the tool rest box body, and two ends of the lead screw 3 extend out of the tool rest box body 7;
lead screw 3 and motor shaft 21 parallel arrangement are equipped with motor pulley 22 on motor shaft 21, and the frame construction outside that stand 1 is extended to the one end of motor pulley 22 towards on lead screw 3, and this end tip on lead screw 3 is equipped with lead screw pulley 31, is connected through hold-in range 23 between motor pulley 22 and the lead screw pulley 31.
On the lateral wall of the side, facing the cutter disc 41, of the upright post 1, locking mechanisms are fixedly installed along the Y-axis direction of the lateral wall, 1 locking mechanism is respectively arranged in the Y-axis direction of two ends of the lateral wall, the first locking mechanism 5 is positioned on the left side of the upright post 1, the second locking mechanism 6 is positioned on the right side of the upright post 1, the first locking mechanism 5 and the second locking mechanism 6 are identical in structure, and 2 sliding blocks which are adjacent in position are respectively arranged on each 1 guide rail of each 1 locking mechanism along the length direction of the guide rail.
The first locking mechanism 5 comprises a guide rail 51, a slide block 52 and a guide rail locking device 53, the guide rail 51 is fixedly connected with the upright post 1, and the slide block 52 and the guide rail locking device 53 are sequentially arranged on the guide rail 51 and can do Y-axis lifting motion along the guide rail 51. Knife rest box 7 and locking mechanism fixed connection, specifically: the second portion 72 of the tool holder housing is fixedly mounted to the slide block 52 and the rail locking device 53 by bolts or fastening screws.
A rib 721 is vertically arranged on the second part 72 of the tool rest box body at the end surface contacted with the slide block 52 of the first locking mechanism 5, and the length direction of the rib 721 is consistent with the length direction of the guide rail 51; meanwhile, a slide block baffle 8 is fixedly connected on the second part 72 of the cutter rest box body and is vertical to the outer side surface provided with the convex edge 721; the slide block 52 is positioned between the slide block baffle 8 and the rib 721, and the rib 721 and the slide block baffle 8 are arranged to position the knife rest box 7 in the Y axis, so that the X-axis left and right position deviation is prevented when the knife rest box 7 performs Y-axis lifting motion along the guide rail 51, and the motion precision of the knife rest 4 can be improved.
Because the knife rest box body 7 respectively connected with the first locking mechanism 5 and the second locking mechanism 6 is a whole, the Y-axis positioning can be carried out on the knife rest box body 7 only by arranging the convex edges 721 and the slide block baffle 8 at the positions of 1 of the locking mechanisms without repeated positioning. In other embodiments, the rib 721 and the slider stop 8 may be provided at the location of the second locking mechanism 6.
The outer side wall of the upright post 1 facing one side of the cutter disc 41 is fixedly sleeved with a metal shell 9, the bottom of the guide rail 51 is sleeved with a bottom support 10, and the metal shell 9 is fixedly connected with the bottom support 10. The arrangement of the metal shell 9 and the bottom support 10 can protect the locking mechanism from being polluted by the external environment and damaged by external force.
The tool changing device provided with the Y-axis locking mechanism in the embodiment 1 works in the following working process:
(1) motor 2 works, the rotatory accessible hold-in range 23 of motor shaft 21 drives lead screw band pulley 31 rotatory, because be fixed connection between lead screw band pulley 31 and the lead screw 3, and then can drive lead screw 3 and be elevating movement along the Y axle direction, because lead screw 3 and knife rest box 7 fixed connection, and then can drive knife rest box 7 and be elevating movement along the Y axle direction, and knife rest box 7 and locking mechanism fixed connection, thereby can realize that the rotation of motor 2 drives knife rest 4 wholly to be elevating movement along the Y axle direction.
(2) When the tool rest 4 moves to a designated position, the motor 2 stops working, at the moment, the guide rail locking device 53 fixes the tool rest box 7 at the specific position of the guide rail 51 by controlling air pressure, so that the position of the tool rest 4 can be firmly fixed, at the moment, the tool rest 4 rotates the cutter disc 41 to the designated tool position, and the cutter disc 41 is locked by hydraulic pressure, so that a tool changing action is completed.
In the tool changer of embodiment 1, the movement range of the tool post 4 in the Y-axis direction is the length of the guide rail 51.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like made within the design concept of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1.一种设有Y轴锁紧机构的换刀装置，其特征在于：包括立柱、电机、锁紧机构、丝杠和刀架，刀架包括刀架箱体和刀架零件；电机通过电机连接板固定安装在立柱上，立柱为有两个对应的面为开口结构的长方体的框架结构，刀架箱体分为第一部分和第二部分，刀架箱体的第一部分位于立柱的框架结构内部，刀架箱体的第二部分通过框架结构的开口结构处延伸至立柱的外部，并分别与锁紧机构和刀架零件固定连接；丝杠与电机转轴平行设置，在电机转轴上设有电机带轮，丝杠上朝向电机带轮的一端延伸出立柱的框架结构外部，且在丝杠上的延伸出立柱外的一端端部设有丝杠带轮，电机带轮与丝杠带轮之间通过同步带连接；在立柱朝向刀盘一侧的外侧壁上，锁紧机构沿着该外侧壁的Y轴方向固定安装，锁紧机构包括导轨、滑块和导轨锁紧装置，导轨与立柱之间固定连接，滑块和导轨锁紧装置依次设于导轨上，且可沿导轨做Y轴升降运动；刀架箱体的第二部分固定安装在滑块和导轨锁紧装置上。1. a tool changer provided with a Y-axis locking mechanism is characterized in that: comprise a column, a motor, a locking mechanism, a lead screw and a tool rest, and the tool rest includes a tool rest box and a tool rest part; The connecting plate is fixedly installed on the column. The column is a rectangular frame structure with two corresponding faces. The tool holder box is divided into a first part and a second part. The first part of the tool holder box is located in the frame structure of the column. Inside, the second part of the tool holder box extends to the outside of the column through the opening structure of the frame structure, and is fixedly connected with the locking mechanism and the tool holder parts respectively; the lead screw is arranged parallel to the motor shaft, and the motor shaft is provided with The motor pulley, the end of the lead screw facing the motor pulley extends out of the frame structure of the column, and the end of the lead screw that extends out of the column is provided with a lead screw pulley, the motor pulley and the lead screw pulley They are connected by a synchronous belt; on the outer side wall of the column facing the cutter head, the locking mechanism is fixedly installed along the Y-axis direction of the outer side wall. The locking mechanism includes a guide rail, a slider and a guide rail locking device. The columns are fixedly connected, and the slider and the guide rail locking device are arranged on the guide rail in turn, and can move up and down along the Y-axis along the guide rail; the second part of the tool holder box is fixedly installed on the slider and the guide rail locking device. 2.如权利要求1所述的换刀装置，其特征在于：刀架零件包括刀盘、外齿圈和传动齿轮，刀盘依次通过外齿圈和传动齿轮固定安装在刀架箱体上。2 . The tool changing device according to claim 1 , wherein the tool holder part comprises a cutter head, an outer gear ring and a transmission gear, and the cutter head is fixedly installed on the cutter holder case through the outer gear ring and the transmission gear in sequence. 3 . 3.如权利要求1所述的换刀装置，其特征在于：在立柱朝向刀盘一侧的外侧壁的两端Y轴方向各设有1个锁紧机构，分别为位于立柱左侧的第一锁紧机构和位于立柱右侧的第二锁紧机构，第一锁紧机构和第二锁紧机构的结构相同。3. The tool changing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: one locking mechanism is provided on each of the two ends of the outer side wall of the column facing the cutter head in the Y-axis direction, which are respectively the first locking mechanism located on the left side of the column. A locking mechanism and a second locking mechanism located on the right side of the upright column, the first locking mechanism and the second locking mechanism have the same structure. 4.如权利要求3所述的换刀装置，其特征在于：每1个锁紧机构中，沿着导轨的长度方向分别设有2个位置相邻的滑块。4 . The tool changing device according to claim 3 , wherein each locking mechanism is provided with two sliding blocks adjacent to each other along the length direction of the guide rail. 5 . 5.如权利要求1所述的换刀装置，其特征在于：在刀架箱体的第二部分上，与第一锁紧机构的滑块相接触的端面处垂直设有一凸棱，凸棱的长度方向与导轨的长度方向一致；凸棱与滑块相接触。5. The tool changing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: on the second part of the tool holder box, a convex rib is vertically arranged at the end face that is in contact with the slider of the first locking mechanism, and the convex rib is The length direction of the guide rail is consistent with the length direction of the guide rail; the convex edge is in contact with the slider. 6.如权利要求5所述的换刀装置，其特征在于：在刀架箱体的第二部分上，垂直于设有凸棱的外侧面上固定连接有滑块挡板；滑块位于滑块挡板和凸棱的位置之间。6. The tool changing device according to claim 5, characterized in that: on the second part of the tool holder box, a sliding block baffle plate is fixedly connected to the outer surface perpendicular to the convex edge; the sliding block is located on the sliding block. between the position of the block baffle and the rib. 7.如权利要求5所述的换刀装置，其特征在于：在刀架箱体的第二部分上，与第二锁紧机构的滑块相接触的端面处垂直设有一凸棱，凸棱的长度方向与导轨的长度方向一致；凸棱与滑块相接触；在刀架箱体的第二部分上，垂直于设有凸棱的外侧面上固定连接有滑块挡板；滑块位于滑块挡板和凸棱的位置之间。7. The tool changing device according to claim 5, characterized in that: on the second part of the tool holder box, a convex rib is vertically arranged at the end face in contact with the sliding block of the second locking mechanism, and the convex rib is The length direction of the tool holder is consistent with the length direction of the guide rail; the convex edge is in contact with the slider; on the second part of the tool holder box, a slider baffle plate is fixedly connected to the outer surface perpendicular to the convex edge; between the position of the slider stop and the rib. 8.如权利要求1所述的换刀装置，其特征在于：在立柱的朝向刀盘一侧的外侧壁上固定套设有金属外壳。8 . The tool changing device according to claim 1 , wherein a metal casing is fixedly sleeved on the outer side wall of the column facing the side of the cutter head. 9 . 9.如权利要求8所述的换刀装置，其特征在于：在导轨的底部套设有底托，金属外壳与底托固定连接。9 . The tool changing device according to claim 8 , wherein a bottom bracket is sleeved on the bottom of the guide rail, and the metal shell is fixedly connected with the bottom bracket. 10 . 10.采用如权利要求1-9中任一项所述的换刀装置进行的换刀过程，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：10. The tool changing process using the tool changing device according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, comprising the steps of: (1)电机工作，电机转轴的旋转通过同步带带动丝杠带轮旋转，进而带动丝杠沿Y轴方向做升降运动，进而带动刀架箱体沿Y轴方向做升降运动，进而带动刀架沿Y轴方向做升降运动；(1) When the motor works, the rotation of the motor shaft drives the lead screw pulley to rotate through the synchronous belt, which in turn drives the lead screw to move up and down along the Y-axis direction, which in turn drives the tool holder box to move up and down along the Y-axis direction, which in turn drives the tool holder. Do the lifting movement along the Y-axis direction; (2)当刀架运动至指定位置时，电机停止工作，导轨锁紧装置通过控制气压将刀架箱体固定在导轨的特定位置处，此时刀架旋转刀盘至指定刀位，并通过液压锁紧刀盘，即完成一个换刀动作。(2) When the tool rest moves to the specified position, the motor stops working, and the guide rail locking device fixes the tool rest box at the specific position of the guide rail by controlling the air pressure. At this time, the tool rest rotates the cutter head to the specified tool position, and passes Hydraulically lock the cutter head to complete a tool change action.
CN202110374244.6A 2021-04-07 2021-04-07 Tool changing device with Y-axis locking mechanism and tool changing process Pending CN113001226A (en)

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CN212886161U (en) * 2020-07-16 2021-04-06 广州台茂精密机械有限公司 Turning and milling composite machine tool with clamp
CN215147125U (en) * 2021-04-07 2021-12-14 江苏宏达数控科技股份有限公司 Tool changing device with Y-axis locking mechanism

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