CN112997805A - Agrocybe cylindracea cultivation method taking stem raw material of camellia fruit tree as culture medium - Google Patents
Agrocybe cylindracea cultivation method taking stem raw material of camellia fruit tree as culture medium Download PDFInfo
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- CN112997805A CN112997805A CN202110352224.9A CN202110352224A CN112997805A CN 112997805 A CN112997805 A CN 112997805A CN 202110352224 A CN202110352224 A CN 202110352224A CN 112997805 A CN112997805 A CN 112997805A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/20—Culture media, e.g. compost
Abstract
The invention discloses an agrocybe cylindracea cultivation method taking camellia fruit stem as a culture medium, belonging to the technical field of agrocybe cylindracea cultivation and comprising the following steps: preparing a culture medium, sterilizing, inoculating agrocybe cylindracea, culturing hyphae and managing fruiting; according to the invention, the stems of camellia fruit trees and aged sawdust are used as raw materials of the culture medium, and the stems of camellia fruit trees are rich in nutrition and have high content of protein and fat, so that the rod bodies of agrocybe aegerita grow more robustly, and the yield of agrocybe aegerita is increased; the wood dust subjected to sun-drying and aging treatment is easy to decompose polysaccharide and monosaccharide, and the saccharide can provide a carbon source for the agrocybe aegerita strain and is easy to absorb by the agrocybe aegerita, so that the edible mouthfeel of the agrocybe aegerita is improved, and the agrocybe aegerita is fresh, sweet and tasty; in the fruiting management stage of the agrocybe cylindracea, day and night temperature difference, dry-wet difference and light source irradiation in the greenhouse are manually regulated and controlled, so that the primordium hastening period of the agrocybe cylindracea can be greatly shortened, the rapid growth of fungus stems is promoted, and the yield of the agrocybe cylindracea is greatly improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agrocybe cylindracea cultivation, in particular to an agrocybe cylindracea cultivation method taking camellia tree stems as a culture medium.
Background
Agrocybe cylindracea, belonging to the genus Basidiomycetes, the family of coprostachys and the genus Agrocybe, is a new species of edible fungi developed in recent years. The agrocybe cylindracea is popular among people as a fungus food. The agrocybe cylindracea is a good choice for cooking soup or frying dishes. The agrocybe chaxingu is an edible fungus with high protein, low fat and rich nutrition, and is delicious, crisp and tasty, and has crisp stem and strong fragrance. The agrocybe aegerita stem is long and crisp, the fresh taste is excellent, and the dried agrocybe aegerita stem has better fragrance than the agrocybe aegerita. The mushroom body contains reducing sugar 29.96%, total sugar 54.36%, crude protein 27.51%, and rich amino acids, wherein the lysine content is as high as 1.75%, the agrocybe aegerita is mild, sweet and warm, and nontoxic, and is commonly used as a medicine for inducing diuresis, excreting dampness, invigorating spleen and stopping diarrhea, and has unique curative effects of clearing heat, calming liver and relieving asthma. And has good cancer prevention and anticancer functions, and enjoys the beauty of the China mushroom.
Due to the great edible and medicinal requirements, people begin to plant agrocybe cylindracea in a large number of manual operations, the culture medium for planting the agrocybe cylindracea at present mainly comprises sawdust, corn flour, wheat bran and the like, the culture medium is generally sterilized at high temperature under normal pressure before use, the sterilization time is generally 12-18 hours, the sterilization time is long, the culture medium mainly comprises crop straws, the nutrient content is not high, pesticide residues exist, and the quality and the yield of the produced agrocybe cylindracea are general.
The camellia fruit is an edible and medicinal plant in the southwest region, the vegetable oil squeezed from the camellia fruit is high-grade edible oil, and the rest stem of the tea tree fruit after oil extraction has different degrees of inhibition effects on trichophyton roseum, trichophyton rubrum and microsporum ferrugineum in vitro, and is a medicine for eliminating dampness and detoxifying, killing insects and removing accumulation, and relieving swelling and pain. Because the yield of the camellia fruits is high in the southwest area of China, a large amount of stems of the camellia fruits are left as waste after the fruits are squeezed to obtain the vegetable oil, and the stems are thrown away, so that the stems have important significance if the stems can be used for developing the edible fungus industry.
Accordingly, the prior art is deficient and needs improvement.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: provides a method for cultivating agrocybe cylindracea by taking camellia tree stalk raw materials as a culture medium, which has rich nutrition, short cultivation period, high yield and fresh, sweet and tasty mouthfeel.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a method for cultivating agrocybe cylindracea by taking camellia tree stem as a culture medium comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
1) preparing a culture medium: the culture medium comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 35-45% of camellia fruit stalks, 25-35% of sawdust, 8-12% of wheat bran, 6-12% of corn flour and 1-3% of quartz, uniformly stirring the raw materials of the culture medium, and then adding water according to the material-water ratio of 1: 1.1-1.13 and uniformly stirring to obtain the culture medium; the preparation method of the stem of the camellia fruit comprises the following steps: crushing camellia fruit stems by a crusher, cleaning and drying particles of the camellia fruit stems, and screening and filtering the particles of the camellia fruit stems to obtain camellia fruit stem particles with the particle size of 0.2-0.8 cm.
2) And (3) sterilization treatment: packaging the culture medium with a fungus bag, and then placing the fungus bag into a sterilization room for sterilization, wherein the sterilization temperature is 100-120 ℃, and the sterilization time is 9-12 h;
3) inoculating agrocybe cylindracea: after sterilization, naturally cooling the fungus bag to normal temperature, placing the fungus bag in an inoculation box, forming an inoculation hole on the fungus bag, and placing the agrocybe aegerita strain in the inoculation hole for aseptic inoculation;
4) hypha culture: after inoculation is finished, placing the fungus bags in a fungus growing chamber for fungus growing culture until hyphae fill the fungus bags, controlling the temperature of the fungus growing chamber within 21-27 ℃ in the fungus growing culture process, and keeping ventilation and drying in the chamber;
5) and (3) fruiting management: after waiting to be covered with the hypha in the fungus bag, open the sack of fungus bag to place and go out the mushroom management in the big-arch shelter, it includes following step to go out the mushroom management:
a: opening the fungus bag, and removing old strains and hyphae on the surface layer of the hyphae;
b: straightening the bag opening of the fungus bag, covering the bag opening with newspaper, performing spraying treatment on the newspaper three times a day to increase the relative humidity of air in the fungus bag to 80-90%, arranging a scattering light source in the greenhouse, wherein the illumination intensity of the scattering light source is 1200-1800 Lux, the scattering light source is positioned above the fungus bag, the distance between the scattering light source and the fungus bag is 80-130 cm, turning off the scattering light source at night to keep the greenhouse in a dark state, controlling the temperature in the greenhouse to be 20-26 ℃ in the daytime, controlling the temperature in the greenhouse to be 12-18 ℃ at night, promoting the temperature difference between the greenhouse and the greenhouse at night to reach 6-8 ℃, and keeping the temperature difference for 8-12 days;
c: and when the hypha in the fungus bag becomes a sporophore, reducing the illumination intensity of a scattering light source to 400-800 Lux, controlling the temperature in the greenhouse to be 20-26 ℃ until the fungus of the sporophore is changed into white and the surface of the pileus becomes red, ventilating three times every day for 20-40 min each time, and picking the agrocybe cylindracea after lasting for 3-4 days.
Preferably, the culture medium comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 42% of camellia fruit stalks, 32% of sawdust, 14% of wheat bran, 10% of corn flour and 2% of quartz, uniformly stirring the raw materials of the culture medium, and then adding water according to the material-water ratio of 1:1.1 and uniformly stirring to obtain the culture medium.
Preferably, the fungus bag is a polyethylene plastic bag.
Preferably, the pH value of the culture medium is 5-6.
Preferably, the scattering light source is an LED light source.
Preferably, the water in the culture medium is condensed distilled water boiled at a high temperature.
Preferably, the wood chips are aged after being sun-cured for 30-40 days, and the length of the wood chips is 0.1-0.7 cm.
Preferably, between the step a and the step b of the fruiting management, a nutrient solution is injected into the hypha in the fungus bag, and the raw materials and the mass fraction of the nutrient solution are as follows: 4-7 parts of cane sugar, 3-4 parts of chitosan, 1-2 parts of magnesium carbonate, 1-2 parts of sodium chloride and 50-60 parts of clear water.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the invention, the stems of camellia fruit trees and aged sawdust are used as raw materials of the culture medium, and the stems of camellia fruit trees are rich in nutrition and have high content of protein and fat, so that the rod bodies of agrocybe aegerita grow more robustly, and the yield of agrocybe aegerita is increased; the wood dust subjected to sun-drying and aging treatment is easy to decompose polysaccharide and monosaccharide, and the saccharide can provide a carbon source for the agrocybe aegerita strain and is easy to absorb by the agrocybe aegerita, so that the edible mouthfeel of the agrocybe aegerita is improved, and the agrocybe aegerita is fresh, sweet and tasty; the raw materials selected by the culture medium have smaller particles, so that the raw materials are more fully mixed, and the raw materials are convenient for the root system of the agrocybe aegerita to absorb, thereby shortening the growth cycle of the agrocybe aegerita and improving the yield;
2. in the fruiting management stage of the agrocybe cylindracea, day and night temperature difference, dry-wet difference and light source irradiation in a greenhouse are manually regulated and controlled, so that the primordium hastening period of the agrocybe cylindracea can be greatly shortened, the rapid growth of fungus stems is promoted, and the yield of the agrocybe cylindracea is improved;
3. according to the invention, the nutrient solution prepared from raw materials such as chitosan, magnesium carbonate and sodium chloride is injected into agrocybe aegerita, so that the nutrient solution can be easily absorbed by agrocybe aegerita, and the nutrient content of agrocybe aegerita is effectively improved, so that the propagation efficiency and the yield of agrocybe aegerita are improved, the cost is low, and the economic benefit is high;
4. the agrocybe aegerita fruiting body obtained by the cultivation method is complete, rich in nutrition, fresh, sweet and tasty in taste and has great edible value.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples.
Example 1
The embodiment provides an agrocybe aegerita cultivation method taking camellia tree stalk as a culture medium, which comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
1) preparing a culture medium: the culture medium comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 35-45% of camellia fruit stalks, 25-35% of sawdust, 8-12% of wheat bran, 8-12% of corn flour and 1-3% of quartz, uniformly stirring the raw materials of the culture medium, and then adding water according to the material-water ratio of 1: 1.1-1.13 and uniformly stirring to obtain the culture medium; the preparation method of the stem of the camellia fruit comprises the following steps: crushing camellia fruit stems by a crusher, cleaning and drying particles of the camellia fruit stems, and screening and filtering the particles of the camellia fruit stems to obtain camellia fruit stem particles with the particle size of 0.2-0.8 cm. In this embodiment, the particle size of the stem of the camellia tree is 0.2cm, and the stem raw material of the camellia tree selected by the culture medium is rich in nutrition and has high-content protein and fat, so that the stem body of the agrocybe cylindracea grows more robustly, and the yield of the agrocybe cylindracea is improved.
Further, the culture medium comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 42% of camellia fruit stalks, 32% of sawdust, 14% of wheat bran, 10% of corn flour and 2% of quartz, uniformly stirring the raw materials of the culture medium, and then adding water according to the material-water ratio of 1:1.1 and uniformly stirring to obtain the culture medium.
Furthermore, the wood chips are aged after being sun-cured for 30-40 days, and the length of the wood chips is 0.1-0.7 cm. In this embodiment, it is more preferable that the wood chips are aged by being exposed to the sun for 30 days, and the length of the wood chips is 0.1 cm. The wood dust subjected to sun-drying and aging treatment is easy to decompose polysaccharide and monosaccharide, and the saccharide can provide a carbon source for the agrocybe aegerita strain and is easy to absorb by the agrocybe aegerita, so that the edible mouthfeel of the agrocybe aegerita is improved, and the agrocybe aegerita is fresh, sweet and tasty. The culture medium selects the raw materials with smaller particles, so that the raw materials are mixed more fully, and the raw materials are convenient for the root system of the agrocybe cylindracea to absorb, thereby shortening the growth cycle of the agrocybe cylindracea and improving the yield.
Further, the water in the culture medium is condensed distilled water boiled at high temperature.
Further, the pH value of the culture medium is 5-6. In this example, the pH of the medium was 5. The culture medium with weak acidity is more beneficial to the growth and the propagation of the agrocybe aegerita, so that the yield of the agrocybe aegerita is improved.
2) And (3) sterilization treatment: and (3) packaging the culture medium by using a fungus bag, and then placing the fungus bag into a sterilization room for sterilization, wherein the sterilization temperature is 100-120 ℃, and the sterilization time is 9-12 hours. In this example, the sterilization temperature is preferably 120 ℃ and the sterilization time is preferably 9 hours.
Further, the fungus bag is a polyethylene plastic bag.
3) Inoculating agrocybe cylindracea: after sterilization, the fungus bag is naturally cooled to normal temperature, the fungus bag is placed in an inoculation box, inoculation holes are formed in the fungus bag, and agrocybe aegerita strains are placed in the inoculation holes for aseptic inoculation.
4) Hypha culture: and after inoculation, placing the fungus bags in a fungus growing chamber for fungus growing culture until hyphae fill the fungus bags, controlling the temperature of the fungus growing chamber within 21-27 ℃ in the fungus growing culture process, and keeping ventilation and drying indoors. In this embodiment, it is more preferable that the temperature of the spawn running room is controlled to 21 ℃.
5) And (3) fruiting management: after waiting to be covered with the hypha in the fungus bag, open the sack of fungus bag to place and go out the mushroom management in the big-arch shelter, it includes following step to go out the mushroom management:
a: opening the fungus bag, and removing old strains and hyphae on the surface layer of the hyphae.
b: the method comprises the steps of straightening the bag opening of a fungus bag, covering the bag opening with newspaper, carrying out spraying treatment on the newspaper three times a day to increase the relative humidity of air in the fungus bag to 80-90%, arranging a scattering light source in a greenhouse, wherein the illumination intensity of the scattering light source is 1200-1800 Lux, the scattering light source is located above the fungus bag, the distance between the scattering light source and the fungus bag is 80-130 cm, turning off the scattering light source at night to keep the greenhouse in a dark state, controlling the temperature in the greenhouse to be 20-26 ℃ in the daytime, controlling the temperature in the greenhouse to be 12-18 ℃ in the nighttime, enabling the temperature difference between the greenhouse and the greenhouse at night to reach 6-8 ℃, and keeping the temperature difference for 8-12 days. In this embodiment, it is preferable that the relative humidity of the air in the fungal bags is raised to 80%, the illumination intensity of the scattering light source is 1200Lux, the distance between the scattering light source and the fungal bags is 80cm, the temperature in the greenhouse is controlled to 20 ℃ during the daytime, the temperature in the greenhouse is controlled to 12 ℃ at night, and the difference between the temperature in the greenhouse and the temperature in the greenhouse at night is 8 ℃ for 8 days. In the fruiting management stage of the agrocybe cylindracea, day and night temperature difference, dry-wet difference and light source irradiation in the greenhouse are manually regulated and controlled, so that the primordium hastening period of the agrocybe cylindracea can be greatly shortened, the rapid growth of fungus stems is promoted, and the yield of the agrocybe cylindracea is improved.
Further, the scattering light source is an LED light source.
Further, between the step a and the step b of fruiting management, nutrient solution is injected into hypha in the fungus bag, and the nutrient solution comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 4-7 parts of cane sugar, 3-4 parts of chitosan, 1-2 parts of magnesium carbonate, 1-2 parts of sodium chloride and 50-60 parts of clear water. In this embodiment, the more preferable nutrient solution comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 4 parts of cane sugar, 3 parts of chitosan, 1 part of magnesium carbonate, 1 part of sodium chloride and 50 parts of clear water. According to the invention, the nutrient solution prepared from chitosan, magnesium carbonate, sodium chloride and other raw materials is injected into agrocybe aegerita, so that the nutrient solution can be easily absorbed by agrocybe aegerita, and the nutrient content of agrocybe aegerita is effectively improved, thus the propagation efficiency and yield of agrocybe aegerita are improved, the cost is low, and the economic benefit is high.
c: and when the hypha in the fungus bag becomes a sporophore, reducing the illumination intensity of a scattering light source to 400-800 Lux, controlling the temperature in the greenhouse to be 20-26 ℃ until the fungus of the sporophore is changed into white and the surface of the pileus becomes red, ventilating three times every day for 20-40 min each time, and picking the agrocybe cylindracea after lasting for 3-4 days. In this embodiment, it is preferable to reduce the light intensity of the scattered light source to 400Lux, control the temperature in the greenhouse at 20 ℃ until the lesion of the fruit body becomes white and the surface of the pileus becomes red, ventilate three times a day for 20min each time, and pick the agrocybe cylindracea after 3 days. The agrocybe aegerita fruiting body obtained by the cultivation method is complete, rich in nutrition, fresh, sweet and tasty in taste and has great edible value.
Example 2
The embodiment provides an agrocybe aegerita cultivation method taking camellia tree stalk as a culture medium, which comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
1) preparing a culture medium: the culture medium comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 35-45% of camellia fruit stalks, 25-35% of sawdust, 8-12% of wheat bran, 8-12% of corn flour and 1-3% of quartz, uniformly stirring the raw materials of the culture medium, and then adding water according to the material-water ratio of 1: 1.1-1.13 and uniformly stirring to obtain the culture medium; the preparation method of the stem of the camellia fruit comprises the following steps: crushing camellia fruit stems by a crusher, cleaning and drying particles of the camellia fruit stems, and screening and filtering the particles of the camellia fruit stems to obtain camellia fruit stem particles with the particle size of 0.2-0.8 cm. In the embodiment, the granularity of the stem of the camellia fruit tree is 0.8cm, and the stem raw material of the camellia fruit tree selected by the culture medium is rich in nutrition and has high-content protein and fat, so that the stem body of the agrocybe cylindracea grows more robustly, and the yield of the agrocybe cylindracea is improved.
Further, the culture medium comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 42% of camellia fruit stalks, 32% of sawdust, 14% of wheat bran, 10% of corn flour and 2% of quartz, uniformly stirring the raw materials of the culture medium, and then adding water according to the material-water ratio of 1:1.1 and uniformly stirring to obtain the culture medium.
Furthermore, the wood chips are aged after being sun-cured for 30-40 days, and the length of the wood chips is 0.1-0.7 cm. In this embodiment, it is more preferable that the wood chips are aged by sun-drying for 40 days, and the length of the wood chips is 0.7 cm. The wood dust subjected to sun-drying and aging treatment is easy to decompose polysaccharide and monosaccharide, and the saccharide can provide a carbon source for the agrocybe aegerita strain and is easy to absorb by the agrocybe aegerita, so that the edible mouthfeel of the agrocybe aegerita is improved, and the agrocybe aegerita is fresh, sweet and tasty. The culture medium selects the raw materials with smaller particles, so that the raw materials are mixed more fully, and the raw materials are convenient for the root system of the agrocybe cylindracea to absorb, thereby shortening the growth cycle of the agrocybe cylindracea and improving the yield.
Further, the water in the culture medium is condensed distilled water boiled at high temperature.
Further, the pH value of the culture medium is 5-6. In this example, the pH of the medium was 6. The culture medium with weak acidity is more beneficial to the growth and the propagation of the agrocybe aegerita, so that the yield of the agrocybe aegerita is improved.
2) And (3) sterilization treatment: and (3) packaging the culture medium by using a fungus bag, and then placing the fungus bag into a sterilization room for sterilization, wherein the sterilization temperature is 100-120 ℃, and the sterilization time is 9-12 hours. In this example, the sterilization temperature is preferably 100 ℃ and the sterilization time is preferably 12 hours.
Further, the fungus bag is a polyethylene plastic bag.
3) Inoculating agrocybe cylindracea: after sterilization, the fungus bag is naturally cooled to normal temperature, the fungus bag is placed in an inoculation box, inoculation holes are formed in the fungus bag, and agrocybe aegerita strains are placed in the inoculation holes for aseptic inoculation.
4) Hypha culture: and after inoculation, placing the fungus bags in a fungus growing chamber for fungus growing culture until hyphae fill the fungus bags, controlling the temperature of the fungus growing chamber within 21-27 ℃ in the fungus growing culture process, and keeping ventilation and drying indoors. In this embodiment, it is preferable that the temperature of the fermentation chamber is controlled to 27 ℃.
5) And (3) fruiting management: after waiting to be covered with the hypha in the fungus bag, open the sack of fungus bag to place and go out the mushroom management in the big-arch shelter, it includes following step to go out the mushroom management:
a: opening the fungus bag, and removing old strains and hyphae on the surface layer of the hyphae.
b: the method comprises the steps of straightening the bag opening of a fungus bag, covering the bag opening with newspaper, carrying out spraying treatment on the newspaper three times a day to increase the relative humidity of air in the fungus bag to 80-90%, arranging a scattering light source in a greenhouse, wherein the illumination intensity of the scattering light source is 1200-1800 Lux, the scattering light source is located above the fungus bag, the distance between the scattering light source and the fungus bag is 80-130 cm, turning off the scattering light source at night to keep the greenhouse in a dark state, controlling the temperature in the greenhouse to be 20-26 ℃ in the daytime, controlling the temperature in the greenhouse to be 12-18 ℃ in the nighttime, enabling the temperature difference between the greenhouse and the greenhouse at night to reach 6-8 ℃, and keeping the temperature difference for 8-12 days. In this embodiment, it is preferable that the relative humidity of the air in the fungal bags is increased to 90%, the illumination intensity of the scattering light source is 1800Lux, the distance between the scattering light source and the fungal bags is 130cm, the temperature in the greenhouse is controlled to 26 ℃ during the daytime, the temperature in the greenhouse is controlled to 18 ℃ at night, the difference between the temperature in the greenhouse and the temperature in the greenhouse at night is 8 ℃, and the temperature difference is maintained for 12 days. In the fruiting management stage of the agrocybe cylindracea, day and night temperature difference, dry-wet difference and light source irradiation in the greenhouse are manually regulated and controlled, so that the primordium hastening period of the agrocybe cylindracea can be greatly shortened, the rapid growth of fungus stems is promoted, and the yield of the agrocybe cylindracea is improved.
Further, the scattering light source is an LED light source.
Further, between the step a and the step b of fruiting management, nutrient solution is injected into hypha in the fungus bag, and the nutrient solution comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 4-7 parts of cane sugar, 3-4 parts of chitosan, 1-2 parts of magnesium carbonate, 1-2 parts of sodium chloride and 50-60 parts of clear water. In this embodiment, the more preferable nutrient solution comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 7 parts of cane sugar, 4 parts of chitosan, 2 parts of magnesium carbonate, 2 parts of sodium chloride and 60 parts of clear water. According to the invention, the nutrient solution prepared from chitosan, magnesium carbonate, sodium chloride and other raw materials is injected into agrocybe aegerita, so that the nutrient solution can be easily absorbed by agrocybe aegerita, and the nutrient content of agrocybe aegerita is effectively improved, thus the propagation efficiency and yield of agrocybe aegerita are improved, the cost is low, and the economic benefit is high.
c: and when the hypha in the fungus bag becomes a sporophore, reducing the illumination intensity of a scattering light source to 400-800 Lux, controlling the temperature in the greenhouse to be 20-26 ℃ until the fungus of the sporophore is changed into white and the surface of the pileus becomes red, ventilating three times every day for 20-40 min each time, and picking the agrocybe cylindracea after lasting for 3-4 days. In this embodiment, it is preferable to reduce the light intensity of the scattered light source to 800Lux, control the temperature in the greenhouse at 26 ℃ until the lesion of the fruit body becomes white and the surface of the pileus becomes red, ventilate three times a day for 40min each time, and pick the agrocybe cylindracea after 4 days. The agrocybe aegerita fruiting body obtained by the cultivation method is complete, rich in nutrition, fresh, sweet and tasty in taste and has great edible value.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the invention, the stems of camellia fruit trees and aged sawdust are used as raw materials of the culture medium, and the stems of camellia fruit trees are rich in nutrition and have high content of protein and fat, so that the rod bodies of agrocybe aegerita grow more robustly, and the yield of agrocybe aegerita is increased; the wood dust subjected to sun-drying and aging treatment is easy to decompose polysaccharide and monosaccharide, and the saccharide can provide a carbon source for the agrocybe aegerita strain and is easy to absorb by the agrocybe aegerita, so that the edible mouthfeel of the agrocybe aegerita is improved, and the agrocybe aegerita is fresh, sweet and tasty; the raw materials selected by the culture medium have smaller particles, so that the raw materials are more fully mixed, and the raw materials are convenient for the root system of the agrocybe aegerita to absorb, thereby shortening the growth cycle of the agrocybe aegerita and improving the yield;
2. in the fruiting management stage of the agrocybe cylindracea, day and night temperature difference, dry-wet difference and light source irradiation in a greenhouse are manually regulated and controlled, so that the primordium hastening period of the agrocybe cylindracea can be greatly shortened, the rapid growth of fungus stems is promoted, and the yield of the agrocybe cylindracea is improved;
3. according to the invention, the nutrient solution prepared from raw materials such as chitosan, magnesium carbonate and sodium chloride is injected into agrocybe aegerita, so that the nutrient solution can be easily absorbed by agrocybe aegerita, and the nutrient content of agrocybe aegerita is effectively improved, so that the propagation efficiency and the yield of agrocybe aegerita are improved, the cost is low, and the economic benefit is high;
4. the agrocybe aegerita fruiting body obtained by the cultivation method is complete, rich in nutrition, fresh, sweet and tasty in taste and has great edible value.
The present invention is not limited to the above preferred embodiments, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A method for cultivating agrocybe cylindracea by taking a stem raw material of a camellia tree as a culture medium is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
1) preparing a culture medium: the culture medium comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 35-45% of camellia fruit stalks, 25-35% of sawdust, 8-12% of wheat bran, 6-12% of corn flour and 1-3% of quartz, uniformly stirring the raw materials of the culture medium, and then adding water according to the material-water ratio of 1: 1.1-1.13 and uniformly stirring to obtain the culture medium; the preparation method of the stem of the camellia fruit comprises the following steps: crushing camellia fruit stems by a crusher, cleaning and drying particles of the camellia fruit stems, and screening and filtering the particles of the camellia fruit stems to obtain camellia fruit stem particles with the particle size of 0.2-0.8 cm.
2) And (3) sterilization treatment: packaging the culture medium with a fungus bag, and then placing the fungus bag into a sterilization room for sterilization, wherein the sterilization temperature is 100-120 ℃, and the sterilization time is 9-12 h;
3) inoculating agrocybe cylindracea: after sterilization, naturally cooling the fungus bag to normal temperature, placing the fungus bag in an inoculation box, forming an inoculation hole on the fungus bag, and placing the agrocybe aegerita strain in the inoculation hole for aseptic inoculation;
4) hypha culture: after inoculation is finished, placing the fungus bags in a fungus growing chamber for fungus growing culture until hyphae fill the fungus bags, controlling the temperature of the fungus growing chamber within 21-27 ℃ in the fungus growing culture process, and keeping ventilation and drying in the chamber;
5) and (3) fruiting management: after waiting to be covered with the hypha in the fungus bag, open the sack of fungus bag to place and go out the mushroom management in the big-arch shelter, it includes following step to go out the mushroom management:
a: opening the fungus bag, and removing old strains and hyphae on the surface layer of the hyphae;
b: straightening the bag opening of the fungus bag, covering the bag opening with newspaper, performing spraying treatment on the newspaper three times a day to increase the relative humidity of air in the fungus bag to 80-90%, arranging a scattering light source in the greenhouse, wherein the illumination intensity of the scattering light source is 1200-1800 Lux, the scattering light source is positioned above the fungus bag, the distance between the scattering light source and the fungus bag is 80-130 cm, turning off the scattering light source at night to keep the greenhouse in a dark state, controlling the temperature in the greenhouse to be 20-26 ℃ in the daytime, controlling the temperature in the greenhouse to be 12-18 ℃ at night, promoting the temperature difference between the greenhouse and the greenhouse at night to reach 6-8 ℃, and keeping the temperature difference for 8-12 days;
c: and when the hypha in the fungus bag becomes a sporophore, reducing the illumination intensity of a scattering light source to 400-800 Lux, controlling the temperature in the greenhouse to be 20-26 ℃ until the fungus of the sporophore is changed into white and the surface of the pileus becomes red, ventilating three times every day for 20-40 min each time, and picking the agrocybe cylindracea after lasting for 3-4 days.
2. The agrocybe aegerita cultivation method using camellia stem as a culture medium according to claim 1, characterized in that: the culture medium comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 42% of camellia fruit stalks, 32% of sawdust, 14% of wheat bran, 10% of corn flour and 2% of quartz, uniformly stirring the raw materials of the culture medium, and then adding water according to the material-water ratio of 1:1.1 and uniformly stirring to obtain the culture medium.
3. The agrocybe aegerita cultivation method using camellia stem as a culture medium according to claim 1, characterized in that: the fungus bag is a polyethylene plastic bag.
4. The agrocybe aegerita cultivation method using camellia stem as a culture medium according to claim 1, characterized in that: the pH value of the culture medium is 5-6.
5. The agrocybe aegerita cultivation method using camellia stem as a culture medium according to claim 1, characterized in that: the scattering light source is an LED light source.
6. The agrocybe aegerita cultivation method using camellia stem as a culture medium according to claim 1, characterized in that: the water in the culture medium is condensed distilled water boiled at high temperature.
7. The agrocybe aegerita cultivation method using camellia stem as a culture medium according to claim 1, characterized in that: the wood chips are aged after being sun-cured for 30-40 days, and the length of the wood chips is 0.1-0.7 cm.
8. The agrocybe aegerita cultivation method using camellia stem as a culture medium according to claim 1, characterized in that: between the step a and the step b of fruiting management, nutrient solution is injected into hypha in the fungus bags, and the raw materials and the mass fraction of the nutrient solution are as follows: 4-7 parts of cane sugar, 3-4 parts of chitosan, 1-2 parts of magnesium carbonate, 1-2 parts of sodium chloride and 50-60 parts of clear water.
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