CN112975570A - Machine tool spindle cooling device and machine tool - Google Patents
Machine tool spindle cooling device and machine tool Download PDFInfo
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- CN112975570A CN112975570A CN202110305633.3A CN202110305633A CN112975570A CN 112975570 A CN112975570 A CN 112975570A CN 202110305633 A CN202110305633 A CN 202110305633A CN 112975570 A CN112975570 A CN 112975570A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q11/00—Accessories fitted to machine tools for keeping tools or parts of the machine in good working condition or for cooling work; Safety devices specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, machine tools
- B23Q11/12—Arrangements for cooling or lubricating parts of the machine
- B23Q11/126—Arrangements for cooling or lubricating parts of the machine for cooling only
- B23Q11/127—Arrangements for cooling or lubricating parts of the machine for cooling only for cooling motors or spindles
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- Auxiliary Devices For Machine Tools (AREA)
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种机床主轴冷却装置和机床，包括：主轴组件，包括主轴箱体和轴芯，所述轴芯通过轴承支承于所述主轴箱体；冷却系统，包括压缩机、冷凝器、节流部件和冷却环，所述冷却环内部设有冷媒流道，所述压缩机、冷凝器、节流部件和冷却环通过冷媒管线连接形成回路，所述冷却环安装于所述主轴箱体，并位于所述轴承的外周。本装置将冷媒直接引入轴承的外周，通过冷媒的汽‑液转换，迅速制冷，达到快速控制轴承温度的目的，很好的解决了主轴在不同加工工序中产生的不稳定温升进行控制，使得主轴轴承始终在最佳状态运行，因此，能有效提高主轴的使用寿命、加工精度以及稳定性。
The invention discloses a machine tool spindle cooling device and a machine tool, comprising: a spindle assembly, including a spindle case and a shaft core, the shaft core being supported on the spindle case through a bearing; a cooling system, including a compressor, a condenser, A throttling component and a cooling ring, the cooling ring is provided with a refrigerant flow channel, the compressor, the condenser, the throttling component and the cooling ring are connected by a refrigerant pipeline to form a circuit, and the cooling ring is installed on the main shaft case , and is located on the outer circumference of the bearing. The device directly introduces the refrigerant into the outer circumference of the bearing, and rapidly refrigerates through the vapor-liquid conversion of the refrigerant, so as to achieve the purpose of quickly controlling the bearing temperature. The spindle bearing always runs in the best state, so it can effectively improve the service life, machining accuracy and stability of the spindle.
Description
Technical Field
The invention is used in the field of machine tools, particularly relates to an accessory of a machine tool, and particularly relates to a cooling device for a main shaft of the machine tool and the machine tool.
Background
In order to improve the service life of a spindle bearing and the cutting stability of a spindle under high-speed operation, the bearing is required to work in an optimal effective clearance state, the clearance refers to a clearance between a rolling element of the bearing and an inner ring shell and an outer ring shell of the bearing, the clearance in the bearing is used for ensuring the flexible and unimpeded operation of the bearing, but the smooth operation of the bearing is required to be ensured at the same time, and the optimal effective clearance can enable the number of the rolling elements bearing load to be as large as possible. Therefore, the bearing play has great influence on the bearing dynamic performance, the rotation precision, the service life and the bearing capacity, the initial play after the main shaft is assembled is not an effective play, namely the play in a working state, and the effective play in the working state exists in a stable running state reaching a certain temperature rise under the action of a certain load, so whether the working temperature of the bearing can be controlled is an important index for the bearing to work in an optimal state. Common main shaft cooling device, the whole main shaft box surface circulation of main shaft or spray from the coolant liquid and cool down, because current main shaft cooling device adopts water-cooling, or oil-cooling, the cooling efficiency is low, and can't realize cooling, the accuse temperature to the bearing fast. The main shaft cannot react and control quickly due to different temperatures generated by bearing different processing loads, and a bearing which runs at a high speed cannot run in a stable state for a long time, so that the fatigue damage of the bearing is accelerated. When the main shaft is machined, the precision is reduced, vibration and abnormal sound of the main shaft are caused, and the service life of the bearing is shortened and even the bearing is damaged due to frequent temperature change.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to solve at least one of the problems of the prior art, and to provide a spindle cooling device for a machine tool and a machine tool.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
in a first aspect, a machine tool spindle cooling device includes:
the spindle assembly comprises a spindle box body and a spindle core, and the spindle core is supported on the spindle box body through a bearing;
the cooling system comprises a compressor, a condenser, a throttling component and a cooling ring, wherein a refrigerant flow channel is arranged in the cooling ring, the compressor, the condenser, the throttling component and the cooling ring are connected through refrigerant pipelines to form a loop, and the cooling ring is installed on the main shaft box body and located on the periphery of the bearing.
With reference to the first aspect, in certain implementations of the first aspect, the bearing includes a front bearing and a rear bearing, and the cooling ring includes a first cooling ring provided at an outer periphery of the front bearing and a second cooling ring provided at an outer periphery of the rear bearing.
With reference to the first aspect and the foregoing implementation manners, in some implementation manners of the first aspect, a first ring groove surrounding the front bearing is formed in a front end surface of the spindle case, and the first cooling ring is axially sleeved in the first ring groove.
With reference to the first aspect and the foregoing implementation manners, in certain implementation manners of the first aspect, the first cooling ring is covered by a high temperature resistant silicone and is defined in the first ring groove.
With reference to the first aspect and the foregoing implementation manners, in some implementation manners of the first aspect, a second ring groove surrounding the rear bearing is formed in the outer peripheral surface of the rear end of the spindle box, the second cooling ring includes a second cooling ring a and a second cooling ring B, both the second cooling ring a and the second cooling ring B are semicircular, the second cooling ring a and the second cooling ring B have independent refrigerant flow channels, and the second cooling ring a and the second cooling ring B are circumferentially arranged in the second ring groove.
With reference to the first aspect and the foregoing implementation manners, in certain implementation manners of the first aspect, the second cooling ring a and the second cooling ring B are covered by high-temperature-resistant silica gel and are limited in the second ring groove.
With reference to the first aspect and the foregoing implementation manners, in some implementation manners of the first aspect, the method further includes:
the temperature sensor is arranged on the spindle box body and is positioned on the peripheries of the front bearing and the rear bearing;
and the temperature sensor and the compressor are connected with the temperature controller.
With reference to the first aspect and the foregoing implementations, in certain implementations of the first aspect, an axial width of the first cooling ring is less than or equal to an axial dimension of the front bearing, and an axial width of the second cooling ring is less than or equal to an axial dimension of the rear bearing.
In a second aspect, a machine tool comprises the machine tool spindle cooling device according to any one of the implementations of the first aspect.
One of the above technical solutions has at least one of the following advantages or beneficial effects:
the cooling system comprising a compressor, a condenser, a throttling member and a cooling ring, by means of the cooling ring designed in the main spindle box, the bearing temperature under the working state can be rapidly and effectively controlled, the working temperature of the bearing is infinitely close to the optimal effective clearance temperature, the main shaft is in the stable working state of the optimal effective clearance in real time, the conventional cooling system only can realize the requirement of a large amount of cooling liquid, the cooling efficiency of the bearing is low, the cooling speed is slow, the device directly introduces the refrigerant into the periphery of the bearing, rapidly refrigerates through the vapor-liquid conversion of the refrigerant, achieves the aim of rapidly controlling the temperature of the bearing, well solves the problem of unstable temperature rise of the main shaft generated in different processing procedures for controlling, the main shaft bearing always runs in the best state, so that the service life, the processing precision and the stability of the main shaft can be effectively improved.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
The above and/or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily appreciated from the following description of the embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of a cooling device for a spindle of a machine tool according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a first cooling ring configuration of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a second cooling ring configuration of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to the present preferred embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals refer to like elements throughout.
In the present invention, if directions (up, down, left, right, front, and rear) are described, it is only for convenience of describing the technical solution of the present invention, and it is not intended or implied that the technical features referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, it is not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the invention, the meaning of "a plurality" is one or more, the meaning of "a plurality" is more than two, and the terms of "more than", "less than", "more than" and the like are understood to exclude the number; the terms "above", "below", "within" and the like are understood to include the instant numbers. In the description of the present invention, if there is description of "first" and "second" only for the purpose of distinguishing technical features, it is not to be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of indicated technical features or implicitly indicating the precedence of the indicated technical features.
In the present invention, unless otherwise specifically limited, the terms "disposed," "mounted," "connected," and the like are to be understood in a broad sense, and for example, may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate; can be fixedly connected, can also be detachably connected and can also be integrally formed; may be mechanically coupled, may be electrically coupled or may be capable of communicating with each other; either as communication within the two elements or as an interactive relationship of the two elements. The specific meaning of the above-mentioned words in the present invention can be reasonably determined by those skilled in the art in combination with the detailed contents of the technical solutions.
Fig. 1 shows a reference direction coordinate system of an embodiment of the present invention, and the following describes an embodiment of the present invention with reference to the directions shown in fig. 1.
Referring to fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides a machine tool spindle cooling device, including a spindle assembly 1 and a cooling system 2, where the spindle assembly 1 includes a spindle housing 11 and a spindle core 12, and the spindle core 12 is supported on the spindle housing 11 through a bearing. When the main shaft operates to continuously process workpieces in different procedures, the temperature rise of the bearing is large in fluctuation, if the temperature cannot be cooled and controlled in time, the abrasion of the bearing is aggravated, the processing precision is influenced, even the bearing is burnt, and the main shaft is damaged.
This device adopts the cooling system 2 that contains the refrigerant effectual to carry out the rapid cooling to main shaft bearing, has improved cooling efficiency greatly, reaches the purpose of automatically regulated temperature through temperature control system to make the bearing work under controllable constant temperature, increase main shaft bearing's life, improve machining precision and processing stability. Specifically, referring to fig. 1, the cooling system 2 includes a compressor, a condenser 21, a throttling component and a cooling ring, a cooling medium flow channel is arranged in the cooling ring, and a pipeline joint 24 is formed on the cooling ring by the cooling medium flow channel and used for allowing a cooling medium to flow in and out. The compressor, the condenser 21, the throttling component and the cooling ring are connected through refrigerant pipelines to form a loop, the compressor, the condenser 21, the throttling component and the cooling ring form a heat pump refrigerating system, and the cooling ring is used as an evaporator in the heat pump refrigerating system. The cooling ring is mounted to the spindle case 11 and is located on the outer periphery of the bearing. The device directly introduces the low-temperature refrigerant into the periphery of the bearing, rapidly refrigerates through the vapor-liquid conversion of the refrigerant, achieves the purpose of rapidly controlling the temperature of the bearing, well solves the problem that the unstable temperature rise of the main shaft generated in different machining procedures is controlled, and enables the main shaft bearing to always operate in the best state, so that the service life, the machining precision and the stability of the main shaft can be effectively improved.
Referring to fig. 1, the bearing includes a front bearing 13 and a rear bearing 14, and the front bearing 13 and the rear bearing 14 are supported at front and rear ends of the shaft core 12, respectively. Correspondingly, the cooling ring comprises a first cooling ring 22 arranged on the periphery of the front bearing 13 and a second cooling ring 23 arranged on the periphery of the rear bearing 14, wherein the first cooling ring 22 is used for introducing a low-temperature refrigerant into the periphery of the outer ring of the front bearing 13 and rapidly cooling the front bearing 13 through the low-temperature refrigerant. The second cooling ring 23 is configured to introduce a low-temperature refrigerant into the outer circumference of the outer ring of the rear bearing 14, and to rapidly cool the rear bearing 14 by the low-temperature refrigerant. The first cooling ring 22 and the second cooling ring 23 may be connected in parallel to the refrigerant pipeline loop, share a set of heat pump refrigeration system, or may be separately configured with a set of heat pump refrigeration system to ensure cooling capacity.
Further, referring to fig. 1, a first ring groove 15 surrounding the front bearing 13 is formed in the front end surface of the main spindle box 11, a first cooling ring 22 is axially sleeved in the first ring groove 15, and the front bearing 13 and the first cooling ring 22 realize heat exchange through an interlayer of the main spindle box 11 in the middle. The first cooling ring 22 is annular and corresponds to the outer race of the front bearing 13 in shape to achieve sufficient heat exchange. During operation, a low-temperature refrigerant flows through the refrigerant channel inside the first cooling ring 22, and the first cooling ring 22 surrounds the front bearing 13, so that the front bearing 13 is cooled quickly, fully and uniformly. In addition, the structure of the first cooling ring 22 having a circular ring shape is simpler than that of a separate structure, and the connection of the coolant line in the cooling system 2 and the assembly of the first cooling ring 22 on the main spindle head 11 are facilitated.
Further, referring to fig. 1, the first cooling ring 22 is covered and limited in the first ring groove 15 by the high temperature resistant silica gel, and the high temperature resistant silica gel can fix the first cooling ring 22 and prevent the cold energy of the first cooling ring 22 from dissipating to the outside, thereby improving the cooling effect of the bearing.
In some embodiments, the second cooling ring 23 cannot be assembled in an axially nested manner due to structural constraints at the end of the main shaft housing 11, such as the need for a flange. Referring to fig. 1, the outer peripheral surface of the rear end of the main spindle box 11 is provided with a second ring groove 16 surrounding the rear bearing 14, the second cooling ring 23 includes a second cooling ring a and a second cooling ring B, the second cooling ring a and the second cooling ring B are separately arranged, the second cooling ring a and the second cooling ring B are both semicircular, the second cooling ring a and the second cooling ring B have independent refrigerant flow channels, the second cooling ring a and the second cooling ring B are circumferentially arranged in the second ring groove 16, and the second cooling ring a and the second cooling ring B form a complete ring shape in the second ring groove 16. The split second cooling ring a and the split second cooling ring B solve the problem of assembling the second cooling ring 23 and also satisfy the problem of cooling the rear bearing 14, so that the rear bearing 14 can obtain the same cooling effect as the front bearing 13.
Further, referring to fig. 1, the second cooling ring a and the second cooling ring B are covered by a high temperature resistant silicone and defined in the second ring groove 16. The high-temperature-resistant silica gel realizes that the second cooling ring 23 is fixed, and can prevent the cold energy of the second cooling ring 23 from dissipating to the outside, thereby improving the cooling effect of the bearing.
In some embodiments, referring to fig. 1, in order to realize the fast automatic temperature adjustment of the spindle bearing, the machine tool spindle cooling device further includes a temperature sensor 3 and a temperature controller 4, the temperature sensor 3 is mounted on the spindle box 11 and is located at the periphery of the front bearing 13 and the rear bearing 14 for detecting the temperature of the front bearing 13 and the rear bearing 14 in real time, the temperature sensor 3 and the compressor are both connected with the temperature controller 4, and the compressor is a variable frequency compressor.
The main process for realizing the quick automatic temperature adjustment of the main shaft bearing comprises the following steps: the main shaft rotates at a high speed to be started, after the working rotating speed is reached, when the main shaft begins to process parts, the temperature of a bearing rises, and the control system begins to work: the collected data are transmitted into a temperature controller 4 through a temperature sensor 3, the temperature controller 4 analyzes temperature rise data, the current optimal working temperature of the main shaft is calculated and determined according to the temperature rise rate and the temperature rise data of the main shaft in an idle state, a calculated temperature instruction is fed back to a compressor immediately and starts to compress refrigerants and simultaneously transmits the refrigerants to a first cooling ring, a second cooling ring A and a second cooling ring B, so that the temperature of the cooling rings arranged at the position of a bearing is changed rapidly, and the refrigeration is stopped immediately after the bearing reaches the optimal working temperature. When the workpiece is machined or another process is switched, the load of the main shaft changes, the temperature of a main shaft bearing begins to fluctuate, and after the high-sensitivity temperature sensor 3 detects the fluctuation, the temperature controller 4 reacts quickly to adjust the temperature fluctuation, so that the aim of real-time full-automatic temperature control is fulfilled.
With reference to fig. 1, 2 and 3, the cooling ring is used for accurately cooling the bearing, and has a certain width, and the size of the cooling ring is limited to the axial size of the corresponding bearing, in other words, the axial width of the first cooling ring 22 is smaller than or equal to the axial size of the front bearing 13, and the axial width of the second cooling ring 23 is smaller than or equal to the axial size of the rear bearing 14, so that the accuracy and effectiveness of the bearing temperature regulation can be effectively improved, and the temperature rise of other structures of the main shaft is prevented from affecting the regulation of the bearing temperature.
The device has considered the bearing running state of main shaft in the actual work completely, can realize under the high-speed running state, the main shaft bearing temperature rise no matter how changes along with the processing load, all can accurate quick control, conventional cooling system 2 can only realize needing a large amount of coolant liquid, and the cooling efficiency to the bearing is low, cooling speed is slow, can't do real-time adjustment to bearing operating temperature, and the fine unstable temperature rise of having solved the main shaft production in different manufacturing procedure of this device is controlled, make main shaft bearing move at the optimum all the time:
1. the device greatly improves the stability of the main shaft, and among the factors influencing the stability of the main shaft of the machine tool, the bearing can keep stable operation, which is a key factor, the main shaft bears different bearing capacities and has large temperature change in the using process, and the temperature change is an important factor causing the unstable operation of the bearing.
2. The service life of the main shaft is prolonged, and the service life of the main shaft is determined by the abrasion speed of the main shaft bearing. The main shaft bearing works in a constant temperature state in real time, so that the effective clearance of the working state of the main shaft bearing can be kept constant, more rollers in the bearing are uniformly stressed, the abrasion speed of the bearing is reduced due to the abrasion balance of the rollers, and the service life of the main shaft is further prolonged.
An embodiment of the invention further provides a machine tool, which comprises the machine tool spindle cooling device in any one of the above embodiments.
In the description herein, references to the description of the term "example," "an embodiment," or "some embodiments," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
The invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and those skilled in the art can make equivalent modifications or substitutions without departing from the spirit of the invention, and such equivalent modifications or substitutions are included in the scope of the claims of the present application.
Claims (9)
1. A machine tool spindle cooling arrangement, comprising:
the spindle assembly comprises a spindle box body and a spindle core, and the spindle core is supported on the spindle box body through a bearing;
the cooling system comprises a compressor, a condenser, a throttling component and a cooling ring, wherein a refrigerant flow channel is arranged in the cooling ring, the compressor, the condenser, the throttling component and the cooling ring are connected through refrigerant pipelines to form a loop, and the cooling ring is installed on the main shaft box body and located on the periphery of the bearing.
2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the bearing includes a front bearing and a rear bearing, and the cooling ring includes a first cooling ring provided on an outer periphery of the front bearing and a second cooling ring provided on an outer periphery of the rear bearing.
3. The cooling device for the main shaft of the machine tool according to claim 2, wherein a first ring groove surrounding the front bearing is formed in a front end surface of the main shaft box body, and the first cooling ring is axially sleeved in the first ring groove.
4. The machine tool spindle cooling arrangement of claim 3 wherein the first cooling ring is covered and confined in the first ring groove by a high temperature resistant silicone.
5. The machine tool spindle cooling device according to claim 2, wherein a second ring groove surrounding the rear bearing is formed in an outer peripheral surface of a rear end of the spindle case, the second cooling ring includes a second cooling ring a and a second cooling ring B, the second cooling ring a and the second cooling ring B are both semicircular, the second cooling ring a and the second cooling ring B have independent coolant flow channels, and the second cooling ring a and the second cooling ring B are circumferentially arranged in the second ring groove.
6. The apparatus for cooling a spindle of a machine tool according to claim 5, wherein the second cooling ring A and the second cooling ring B are covered and defined in the second ring groove by a high temperature resistant silicone.
7. The machine tool spindle cooling device according to claim 2, further comprising:
the temperature sensor is arranged on the spindle box body and is positioned on the peripheries of the front bearing and the rear bearing;
and the temperature sensor and the compressor are connected with the temperature controller.
8. A machine tool spindle cooling arrangement according to claim 2 wherein the axial width of the first cooling ring is less than or equal to the axial dimension of the front bearing and the axial width of the second cooling ring is less than or equal to the axial dimension of the rear bearing.
9. A machine tool comprising the machine tool spindle cooling device according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110305633.3A CN112975570A (en) | 2021-03-23 | 2021-03-23 | Machine tool spindle cooling device and machine tool |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110305633.3A CN112975570A (en) | 2021-03-23 | 2021-03-23 | Machine tool spindle cooling device and machine tool |
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| CN112975570A true CN112975570A (en) | 2021-06-18 |
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| CN202110305633.3A Pending CN112975570A (en) | 2021-03-23 | 2021-03-23 | Machine tool spindle cooling device and machine tool |
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Application publication date: 20210618 |