CN112949916B - Precise variable irrigation and fertilization realization method for circular sprinkler - Google Patents

Precise variable irrigation and fertilization realization method for circular sprinkler Download PDF

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CN112949916B
CN112949916B CN202110187920.9A CN202110187920A CN112949916B CN 112949916 B CN112949916 B CN 112949916B CN 202110187920 A CN202110187920 A CN 202110187920A CN 112949916 B CN112949916 B CN 112949916B
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严海军
王晶晶
卓越
李茂娜
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Abstract

The invention discloses a method for realizing precise variable irrigation and fertilization of a circular sprinkler. And (3) dividing a plurality of groups of fan-shaped spraying areas by taking the central supporting shaft of the circular sprinkler as the center according to the irrigation and fertilization prescription diagram of the management land. If the sector area adopts a single fertigation prescription, dividing into large management areas, and setting a uniform set value of a percentage timer of a circular sprinkler, working flow of a fertilizer injection pump and a duty ratio of a spray head electromagnetic valve; if the sector area is formed by a plurality of different fertigation prescriptions, the sector area is divided into a plurality of small management areas, a unified percentage timer set value and a fertilizer injection pump working flow are set, and each small management area corresponds to different solenoid valve duty ratios. And then the residual fresh water irrigation depth is obtained by subtracting the water and fertilizer spraying depth according to the design irrigation depth of each management area, and then the set value of the percentage timer for spraying fresh water and the duty ratio of the electromagnetic valve are determined. The invention can realize accurate variable irrigation and fertilization of farmland scale management plots by using the circular sprinkler.

Description

圆形喷灌机精准变量灌溉施肥实现方法Method for implementing precise variable irrigation and fertilization with circular sprinkler

技术领域Technical Field

本发明属于农业灌溉施肥技术领域,具体为一种圆形喷灌机精准变量灌溉施肥实现方法。The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural irrigation and fertilization, and specifically relates to a method for realizing precise variable irrigation and fertilization by a circular sprinkler.

背景技术Background Art

水肥一体化技术是将灌溉与施肥融为一体的农业新技术,能够同步、均匀、准确、定时、定量地供应作物水分和养分,又被称为农业“一号技术”,全国应用面积超过1.5亿亩。喷灌水肥一体化是其中的重要组成部分。圆形喷灌机具有自动化程度高、单机控制面积大、运行成本低、对不同作物和土壤质地适应性强等优点,也可以实现喷灌水肥一体化作业,在我国推广应用面积超过900万亩。目前圆形喷灌机对管理地块采用统一的均匀灌溉施肥,可通过调整百分率计时器设定值,改变行走速度,从而调整灌水深度及施肥量。然而,当大农田尺度土壤物理特性或作物长势存在较大差异时,若仍采用传统的均匀灌溉施肥,将会引起局部地块灌水施肥过多或不足,不仅造成作物生长不均,还会大幅降低水肥利用效率。因此,在圆形喷灌机的每个喷头前安装电磁阀,通过控制电磁阀启闭时间(即电磁阀占空比),以改变每个喷头在一个周期内的工作时间,即改变喷灌的平均流量,从而调整灌水深度及施肥量。因此,通过综合考虑改变圆形喷灌机的百分率计时器设定值和喷头电磁阀占空比两种方式,可以实现对管理地块内不同灌溉施肥需求的精准施用。此外,还可通过改变注入喷灌机的肥液浓度和注肥泵工作流量进行变量灌溉施肥的精准调控。Water-fertilizer integration technology is a new agricultural technology that integrates irrigation and fertilization. It can supply crop water and nutrients synchronously, evenly, accurately, regularly and quantitatively. It is also known as the "No. 1 technology" in agriculture, and its application area in China exceeds 150 million mu. Sprinkler irrigation and water-fertilizer integration is an important part of it. Circular sprinklers have the advantages of high automation, large single-machine control area, low operating cost, and strong adaptability to different crops and soil textures. They can also realize sprinkler irrigation and water-fertilizer integration operations. The application area in my country exceeds 9 million mu. At present, circular sprinklers use uniform and uniform irrigation and fertilization for the management plots. By adjusting the percentage timer setting value and changing the walking speed, the irrigation depth and fertilizer amount can be adjusted. However, when there are large differences in soil physical properties or crop growth at the scale of large farmland, if traditional uniform irrigation and fertilization is still used, it will cause excessive or insufficient irrigation and fertilization of local plots, which will not only cause uneven crop growth, but also greatly reduce the efficiency of water and fertilizer utilization. Therefore, a solenoid valve is installed in front of each sprinkler of the circular sprinkler, and the opening and closing time of the solenoid valve (i.e., the duty cycle of the solenoid valve) is controlled to change the working time of each sprinkler in a cycle, that is, to change the average flow rate of the sprinkler, thereby adjusting the irrigation depth and the amount of fertilizer. Therefore, by comprehensively considering the two ways of changing the percentage timer setting value of the circular sprinkler and the duty cycle of the sprinkler solenoid valve, accurate application of different irrigation and fertilization needs in the management plot can be achieved. In addition, variable irrigation and fertilization can be precisely controlled by changing the concentration of the fertilizer solution injected into the sprinkler and the working flow rate of the fertilizer injection pump.

综上,实现圆形喷灌机变量灌溉施肥需要综合考虑灌水深度、肥料类型、施肥量、肥料溶解度以及喷灌机机组尺寸、运行参数及施肥装置性能参数等众多信息。因此,急需提出圆形喷灌机精准变量灌溉施肥相关参数的计算方法,以实现管理地块内特定区域对灌溉施肥的差异化需求。In summary, the realization of variable fertigation of circular sprinklers requires comprehensive consideration of many information such as irrigation depth, fertilizer type, fertilizer amount, fertilizer solubility, sprinkler unit size, operating parameters, and fertilization device performance parameters. Therefore, it is urgent to propose a calculation method for the relevant parameters of precise variable fertigation of circular sprinklers to achieve the differentiated needs of irrigation and fertigation in specific areas within the management plot.

发明内容Summary of the invention

针对背景技术中存在的问题,本发明提供了一种圆形喷灌机精准变量灌溉施肥实现方法,其特征在于,包括:In view of the problems existing in the background technology, the present invention provides a method for implementing precise variable irrigation and fertilization of a circular sprinkler, which is characterized by comprising:

步骤1)根据灌溉施肥处方图提供的整个管理地块内的灌溉和施肥需求量,将地块划分为若干个大管理区及小管理区,并根据角度和半径计算各管理区的面积;Step 1) According to the irrigation and fertilization requirements of the entire management plot provided by the fertigation prescription map, the plot is divided into several large management areas and small management areas, and the area of each management area is calculated according to the angle and radius;

步骤2)将各大管理区和各小管理区分别划分为不同的灌溉施肥等级;Step 2) Dividing each major management area and each minor management area into different fertigation levels;

步骤3)根据各管理区的面积及施肥量计算出该管理地块的总施肥量;Step 3) Calculate the total fertilizer amount of the management plot according to the area and fertilizer amount of each management area;

步骤4)根据选择的肥料类型及相应的肥料溶解度计算出配肥总体积和肥料母液浓度;Step 4) calculating the total fertilizer volume and the fertilizer mother solution concentration according to the selected fertilizer type and the corresponding fertilizer solubility;

步骤5)以圆形喷灌机中心支轴为中心,将管理地块划分出若干扇形喷洒区域,若扇形喷洒区域内采用单一的灌溉施肥处方,则该扇形喷洒区域为大管理区,进入51;若扇形喷洒区域内采用不同的灌溉施肥处方,则依据灌溉施肥处方划分出若干小管理区,进入52;Step 5) The management plot is divided into a number of fan-shaped spraying areas with the central support axis of the circular sprinkler as the center. If a single irrigation and fertilization prescription is used in the fan-shaped spraying area, the fan-shaped spraying area is a large management area, and the process proceeds to step 51. If different irrigation and fertilization prescriptions are used in the fan-shaped spraying area, a number of small management areas are divided according to the irrigation and fertilization prescriptions, and the process proceeds to step 52.

步骤51)设定该扇形喷洒区域的灌水深度及喷头电磁阀占空比,求得圆形喷灌机的百分率计时器设定值及注肥泵工作流量;Step 51) setting the irrigation depth of the fan-shaped spraying area and the duty cycle of the sprinkler solenoid valve, and obtaining the percentage timer setting value of the circular sprinkler and the working flow rate of the fertilizer injection pump;

步骤52)设定该扇形喷洒区域内施肥量最大的小管理区的喷头电磁阀占空比及施肥量最小的小管理区的灌水深度,求得施肥量最大的小管理区的灌水深度及施肥量最小的小的小管理区的喷头电磁阀占空比;然后依次求得该扇形喷洒区域内其他小管理区的灌水深度和喷头电磁阀占空比;最后求得该扇形喷洒区域内圆形喷灌机的百分率计时器设定值及注肥泵工作流量;Step 52) setting the duty ratio of the solenoid valve of the sprinkler head of the small management area with the largest amount of fertilizer application and the irrigation depth of the small management area with the smallest amount of fertilizer application in the fan-shaped spraying area, and obtaining the irrigation depth of the small management area with the largest amount of fertilizer application and the duty ratio of the solenoid valve of the sprinkler head of the small management area with the smallest amount of fertilizer application; then obtaining the irrigation depth and the duty ratio of the solenoid valve of the sprinkler head of other small management areas in the fan-shaped spraying area in turn; finally obtaining the percentage timer setting value of the circular sprinkler in the fan-shaped spraying area and the working flow rate of the fertilizer injection pump;

步骤6)根据各管理区设计灌水深度减去喷洒水肥液深度后计算得到剩余的清水灌水深度,求得圆形喷灌机百分率计时器设定值及喷头电磁阀占空比。由大管理区构成的扇形喷洒区域,进入61;由多个小管理区构成的扇形喷洒区域,进入62;Step 6) Calculate the remaining clean water irrigation depth after deducting the spraying water and fertilizer liquid depth from the designed irrigation depth of each management area, and obtain the percentage timer setting value of the circular sprinkler and the duty cycle of the sprinkler solenoid valve. The fan-shaped spraying area composed of large management areas enters 61; the fan-shaped spraying area composed of multiple small management areas enters 62;

步骤61)计算该扇形喷洒区域的灌水深度;求得喷头电磁阀占空比和圆形喷灌机百分率计时器设定值;Step 61) calculating the irrigation depth of the fan-shaped spraying area; obtaining the duty cycle of the sprinkler solenoid valve and the percentage timer setting value of the circular sprinkler;

步骤62)计算该扇形喷洒区域各小管理区的灌水深度;设定灌水深度最大的小管理区的喷头电磁阀占空比,求得其他小管理区的喷头电磁阀占空比;最后求得该扇形喷洒区域的圆形喷灌机百分率计时器设定值。Step 62) Calculate the irrigation depth of each small management area in the fan-shaped spraying area; set the duty ratio of the sprinkler solenoid valve of the small management area with the largest irrigation depth, and obtain the duty ratio of the sprinkler solenoid valve of other small management areas; finally, obtain the percentage timer setting value of the circular sprinkler in the fan-shaped spraying area.

所述地块划分的方式为:根据灌溉施肥处方信息,以圆形喷灌机中心支轴为中心,沿圆周方向划分角度不同的若干扇形喷洒区域,然后在各扇形喷洒区域内根据灌溉施肥量的差异性及圆形喷灌机喷头组数划分为不同的小管理区;若某扇形喷洒区域内灌溉量与施肥量无差异,则扇形喷洒区域为大管理区,不再划分小管理区;由全部大管理区和小管理区共同组成管理地块。The plot division method is: according to the irrigation and fertilization prescription information, with the central support axis of the circular sprinkler as the center, a number of fan-shaped spraying areas with different angles are divided along the circumferential direction, and then each fan-shaped spraying area is divided into different small management areas according to the difference in irrigation and fertilization amounts and the number of circular sprinkler nozzle groups; if there is no difference in irrigation and fertilization amounts in a fan-shaped spraying area, the fan-shaped spraying area is a large management area and no small management area is divided; the management plot is composed of all large management areas and small management areas.

所述步骤3中:In step 3:

Fsum=F1×Aa1+F2×Aa2+...+Fn×Aan F sum =F 1 ×A a1 +F 2 ×A a2 +...+F n ×A an

其中,Fsum为该管理地块施肥总质量;F1、F2…Fn为第1~n级施肥等级的单位面积施肥量;Aa1、Aa2…Aan分别为单位面积施肥量为F1、F2…Fn所对应地块的面积;n为施肥等级处方数。Among them, F sum is the total mass of fertilizer applied to the managed plot; F 1 , F 2 …F n are the fertilizer amounts per unit area of the 1st to nth fertilization levels; A a1 , A a2 …A an are the areas of the plots corresponding to the fertilizer amounts per unit area of F 1 , F 2 …F n respectively; and n is the number of fertilizer level prescriptions.

所述步骤4中:In step 4:

其中,V为配肥总体积;S为肥料溶解度;ρ为水的密度;C0为所配肥料母液质量浓度。Among them, V is the total volume of the fertilizer; S is the solubility of the fertilizer; ρ is the density of water; C0 is the mass concentration of the fertilizer mother solution.

所述步骤51包括:The step 51 comprises:

511)设定该扇形喷洒区域的灌水深度为Hi和喷头电磁阀占空比为PWMi,求得圆形喷灌机百分率计时器设定值511) Set the irrigation depth of the fan-shaped spraying area to Hi and the duty cycle of the sprinkler solenoid valve to PWMi , and obtain the percentage timer setting value of the circular sprinkler

其中,H0为当圆形喷灌机百分率计时器设定值为100%且喷头电磁阀占空比为100%时的灌水深度;Wherein, H0 is the irrigation depth when the percentage timer setting value of the circular sprinkler is 100% and the duty cycle of the sprinkler solenoid valve is 100%;

512)求得喷洒水肥液质量浓度512) Calculate the mass concentration of spray water fertilizer solution

其中,Fi为该扇形喷洒区域的单位面积施肥量;Ai为扇形喷洒区域的面积;Wherein, Fi is the fertilizer application rate per unit area of the fan-shaped spraying area; Ai is the area of the fan-shaped spraying area;

513)设定扇形喷洒区域内喷灌机入机流量Qi513) Setting the sprinkler inflow flow rate Qi in the fan-shaped spraying area;

514)求得该扇形喷洒区域内注肥泵需要的工作流量514) Obtain the required working flow rate of the fertilizer injection pump in the fan-shaped spraying area

其中,C0为所配肥料母液质量浓度;Wherein, C 0 is the mass concentration of the prepared fertilizer mother solution;

所述PWMi为100%,5mm≤Hi≤Hsum,其中Hsum为灌溉施肥处方图提供的设计灌水深度。The PWM i is 100%, 5 mm ≤ H i ≤ H sum , wherein H sum is the designed irrigation depth provided by the fertigation prescription map.

所述步骤52包括:The step 52 comprises:

步骤521)在本扇形喷洒区域内,设定施肥量最大的小管理区的电磁阀占空比和施肥量最小的小管理区的灌水深度,求得施肥量最大的小管理区的灌水深度和施肥量最小的小管理区的电磁阀占空比,其中:Step 521) In the fan-shaped spraying area, the solenoid valve duty ratio of the small management area with the largest amount of fertilizer and the irrigation depth of the small management area with the smallest amount of fertilizer are set to obtain the irrigation depth of the small management area with the largest amount of fertilizer and the solenoid valve duty ratio of the small management area with the smallest amount of fertilizer, wherein:

设定该扇形喷洒区域中施肥量最大的小管理区内喷头电磁阀占空比PWMj-max,求得施肥量最小的小管理区的喷头电磁阀占空比Set the duty ratio PWM j-max of the solenoid valve of the sprinkler head in the small management area with the largest amount of fertilizer in the fan-shaped spraying area, and obtain the duty ratio of the solenoid valve of the sprinkler head in the small management area with the smallest amount of fertilizer.

其中Fj-max、Fj-min分别为扇形喷洒区域内所有小管理区中最大和最小单位面积施肥量;Among them, F j-max and F j-min are the maximum and minimum fertilizer application per unit area in all small management areas within the fan-shaped spraying area;

设定施肥量最小的小管理区的灌水深度为Hj-min,求得施肥量最大的小管理区的灌水深度Set the irrigation depth of the small management area with the smallest amount of fertilizer to H j-min , and calculate the irrigation depth of the small management area with the largest amount of fertilizer

步骤522)求得该扇形喷洒区域其他小管理区的喷头电磁阀占空比Step 522) Obtain the duty ratio of the solenoid valves of the sprinklers in other small management areas of the fan-shaped spraying area

其中Fj-else为除最大、最小施肥量小管理区外,其他任一小管理区的单位面积施肥量;Where F j-else is the fertilizer application per unit area of any other small management area except the small management areas with the largest and smallest fertilizer application amounts;

求得该扇形喷洒区域其他小管理区的灌水深度Calculate the irrigation depth of other small management areas in the fan-shaped spraying area

步骤523)求得该扇形喷洒区域的百分率计时器设定值Step 523) Obtain the percentage timer setting value of the fan-shaped spraying area

其中PWMjk为该扇形喷洒区域内任一小管理区的电磁阀占空比,Hjk为任一小管理区的灌水深度;Where PWM jk is the duty cycle of the solenoid valve in any small management area within the fan-shaped spraying area, and H jk is the irrigation depth of any small management area;

步骤524)求得该扇形喷洒区域的喷洒水肥液质量浓度Step 524) Calculate the mass concentration of the spraying water and fertilizer solution in the fan-shaped spraying area

Fjk为任一小管理区的单位面积施肥量,Sjk为任一小管理区的面积,N为该扇形喷洒区域中所划分的小管理区的个数,ρ为水的密度;F jk is the fertilizer application rate per unit area in any small management area, S jk is the area of any small management area, N is the number of small management areas divided in the fan-shaped spraying area, and ρ is the water density;

步骤525)设定该扇形喷洒区域内喷灌机入机流量QjStep 525) setting the sprinkler inlet flow rate Q j in the fan-shaped spraying area;

步骤526)求得该扇形喷洒区域的注肥泵流量;Step 526) obtaining the fertilizer injection pump flow rate of the fan-shaped spraying area;

其中,C0为所配肥料母液质量浓度;Wherein, C 0 is the mass concentration of the prepared fertilizer mother solution;

所述PWMj-max为100%,其中5mm≤Hj-min≤Hsum,其中Hsum为灌溉施肥处方图提供的设计灌水深度。The PWM j-max is 100%, wherein 5 mm≤H j-min ≤H sum , wherein H sum is the designed irrigation depth provided by the fertigation prescription map.

所述步骤61包括:The step 61 comprises:

步骤611)在本扇形喷洒区域内,根据灌溉处方图设计的总灌水深度减去喷洒水肥液时的灌水深度得到大管理区喷洒清水的灌水深度Step 611) In this fan-shaped spraying area, the total irrigation depth designed according to the irrigation prescription map is subtracted from the irrigation depth when spraying water and fertilizer liquid to obtain the irrigation depth of spraying clean water in the large management area.

Hu=Hsum-Hi HuHsum - Hi

其中,Hsum为总灌水深度,Hi为喷洒水肥液时大管理区的灌水深度;Among them, H sum is the total irrigation depth, and Hi is the irrigation depth of the large management area when spraying water and fertilizer solution;

步骤612)设定该扇形喷洒区域的喷头电磁阀占空比为PWMu,求得圆形喷灌机百分率计时器设定值Step 612) Set the duty cycle of the solenoid valve of the fan-shaped spraying area to PWM u , and obtain the percentage timer setting value of the circular sprinkler

所述步骤62包括:The step 62 comprises:

步骤621)在本扇形喷洒区域内,根据灌溉施肥处方图的灌水深度减去喷洒水肥液时的灌水深度得到各小管理区喷洒清水的灌水深度Step 621) In the fan-shaped spraying area, the irrigation depth of each small management area spraying clean water is obtained by subtracting the irrigation depth when spraying water and fertilizer liquid according to the irrigation depth of the irrigation and fertilization prescription map.

Hv=Hsum-Hj H v =H sum -H j

步骤622)设定灌水深度最大的小管理区的喷头电磁阀占空比PWMv-max(为了提高工作效率和节能,建议设定电磁阀占空比100%),计算其他小管理区的喷头电磁阀占空比Step 622) Set the duty cycle PWM v-max of the solenoid valve of the sprinkler head in the small management area with the largest irrigation depth (in order to improve work efficiency and save energy, it is recommended to set the solenoid valve duty cycle to 100%), and calculate the duty cycle of the solenoid valve of the sprinkler head in other small management areas

其中,Hv-max为各小管理区中最大的灌水深度,Hv-else为其他任一小管理区的灌水深度;Among them, H v-max is the maximum irrigation depth in each small management area, and H v-else is the irrigation depth of any other small management area;

步骤623)计算该扇形喷洒区域圆形喷灌机百分率计时器设定值;Step 623) Calculate the percentage timer setting value of the circular sprinkler in the fan-shaped spraying area;

其中,PWMvk为该扇形喷洒区域内任一小管理区的电磁阀占空比,Hvk为任一小管理区的灌水深度。Among them, PWM vk is the duty cycle of the solenoid valve in any small management area in the fan-shaped spraying area, and H vk is the irrigation depth of any small management area.

本发明的有益效果在于:The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

1.根据作物灌溉施肥处方图进行圆形喷灌机精准灌溉施肥的各运行参数计算,为实现精准化的水肥施用做准备,可达到节水、减肥,提高肥料利用率的目的。1. Calculate the operating parameters of the circular sprinkler for precise irrigation and fertilization according to the crop irrigation and fertilization prescription map to prepare for the precise application of water and fertilizer, so as to achieve the purpose of saving water, reducing fertilizer and improving fertilizer utilization.

2.通过综合考虑改变圆形喷灌机的百分率计时器设定值、喷头电磁阀占空比及注肥泵工作流量进行变量灌溉施肥的精准调控,实现管理地块内特定区域对灌溉施肥的差异化需求。2. By comprehensively considering the change of the percentage timer setting value of the circular sprinkler, the duty cycle of the sprinkler solenoid valve and the working flow of the fertilizer injection pump, variable fertilization can be precisely controlled to achieve the differentiated needs of irrigation and fertilization in specific areas within the management plot.

附图说明BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

图1为本发明一种圆形喷灌机精准变量灌溉施肥实现方法实施例1的流程示意图;FIG1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for implementing precise variable-rate irrigation and fertilization of a circular sprinkler according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

图2为本发明实施例2的灌溉施肥处方图。FIG. 2 is an irrigation and fertilization prescription diagram of Example 2 of the present invention.

具体实施方式DETAILED DESCRIPTION

以下结合附图对本发明作进一步的详细说明。The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

如图1所示的本发明实施例1,包括:Embodiment 1 of the present invention as shown in FIG1 includes:

1)根据灌溉施肥处方图提供的整个管理地块内的灌溉和施肥需求量,将地块划分为若干个大管理区及小管理区,并根据角度和半径计算各管理区的面积;1) According to the irrigation and fertilization requirements of the entire management plot provided by the irrigation and fertilization prescription map, the plot is divided into several large management areas and small management areas, and the area of each management area is calculated based on the angle and radius;

管理区域的划分方式为:根据灌溉施肥处方信息,以圆形喷灌机中心支轴为中心,沿圆周方向划分角度不同的若干扇形喷洒区域,然后在各扇形喷洒区域内根据灌溉施肥量的差异性及圆形喷灌机喷头组数划分为不同的小管理区;若某扇形喷洒区域内灌溉量与施肥量无差异,则扇形喷洒区域为大管理区,不再划分小管理区;由全部大管理区和小管理区共同组成管理地块;The management area is divided as follows: according to the irrigation and fertilization prescription information, with the central support axis of the circular sprinkler as the center, a number of fan-shaped spraying areas with different angles are divided along the circumferential direction, and then each fan-shaped spraying area is divided into different small management areas according to the difference in irrigation and fertilization amount and the number of nozzles of the circular sprinkler; if there is no difference in irrigation and fertilization amount in a fan-shaped spraying area, the fan-shaped spraying area is a large management area and no small management area is divided; all large management areas and small management areas together constitute a management plot;

灌溉施肥处方图中提供了总灌水深度HsumThe total irrigation depth H sum is provided in the fertigation prescription map.

2)将各大管理区和各小管理区分别划分为不同的灌溉施肥等级;2) Divide each major management area and each minor management area into different irrigation and fertilization levels;

具体的,划分标准为就近原则,或自然间断点分类法,按照将其分为n个级别的灌溉施肥等级。Specifically, the classification standard is the proximity principle, or the natural break point classification method, according to which it is divided into n levels of irrigation and fertigation grades.

3)根据各管理区域的面积及各管理区域的单位面积施肥量计算该地块总施肥,具体为:3) Calculate the total fertilizer application for the plot based on the area of each management area and the amount of fertilizer applied per unit area of each management area, specifically:

Fsum=F1×Aa1+F2×Aa2+…+Fn×Aan F sum =F 1 ×A a1 +F 2 ×A a2 +…+F n ×A an

其中,Fsum为该管理地块施肥总质量,kg;F1、F2…Fn为第1~n级施肥等级的单位面积施肥量,kg/hm2;Aa1、Aa2…Aan分别为单位面积施肥量为F1、F2…Fn所对应地块的面积,hm2;n为施肥等级处方数。Among them, F sum is the total mass of fertilizer applied to the managed plot, kg; F 1 , F 2 ...F n are the fertilizer application per unit area of the 1st to nth fertilization levels, kg/hm 2 ; A a1 , A a2 ...A an are the areas of the plots corresponding to the fertilizer application per unit area of F 1 , F 2 ...F n , hm 2 ; n is the number of fertilizer level prescriptions.

4)根据选择的肥料类型和肥料溶解度计算配肥总体积和肥料母液浓度;4) Calculate the total fertilizer volume and fertilizer mother solution concentration based on the selected fertilizer type and fertilizer solubility;

其中,V为配肥总体积,m3;S为肥料溶解度,g/100g;ρ为水的密度,kg/m3;C0为所配肥料母液质量浓度。Wherein, V is the total volume of the fertilizer, m 3 ; S is the solubility of the fertilizer, g/100g; ρ is the density of water, kg/m 3 ; C 0 is the mass concentration of the mother solution of the fertilizer.

5)以圆形喷灌机中心支轴为中心,将管理地块划分出若干扇形喷洒区域,若扇形喷洒区域内采用单一的灌溉施肥处方,则该扇形喷洒区域为大管理区,进入51);若扇形喷洒区域内采用不同的灌溉施肥处方,则依据灌溉施肥处方划分出若干小管理区,进入52);51)设定该扇形喷洒区域灌水深度及喷头电磁阀占空比,计算圆形喷灌机的百分率计时器设定值及注肥泵电源频率,具体的:5) Taking the central support axis of the circular sprinkler as the center, divide the management plot into several fan-shaped spraying areas. If a single irrigation and fertilization prescription is used in the fan-shaped spraying area, the fan-shaped spraying area is a large management area, and enter 51); if different irrigation and fertilization prescriptions are used in the fan-shaped spraying area, several small management areas are divided according to the irrigation and fertilization prescriptions, and enter 52); 51) Set the irrigation depth of the fan-shaped spraying area and the duty cycle of the sprinkler solenoid valve, calculate the percentage timer setting value of the circular sprinkler and the power frequency of the fertilizer injection pump, specifically:

51)设定该扇形喷洒区域的灌水深度及喷头电磁阀占空比,求得圆形喷灌机的百分率计时器设定值及注肥泵工作流量;51) Set the irrigation depth of the fan-shaped spraying area and the duty cycle of the sprinkler solenoid valve, and obtain the percentage timer setting value of the circular sprinkler and the working flow rate of the fertilizer injection pump;

511)设定该扇形喷洒区域的灌水深度为Hi,mm(考虑到灌水深度小于5mm为无效灌溉,建议设定灌水深度大于等于5mm)和喷头电磁阀占空比为PWMi(为了提高工作效率和节能,建议设定电磁阀占空比100%),求得圆形喷灌机百分率计时器设定值511) Set the irrigation depth of the fan-shaped spraying area to H i , mm (considering that the irrigation depth less than 5 mm is invalid irrigation, it is recommended to set the irrigation depth to be greater than or equal to 5 mm) and the duty cycle of the sprinkler solenoid valve to PWM i (in order to improve work efficiency and energy saving, it is recommended to set the solenoid valve duty cycle to 100%), and obtain the percentage timer setting value of the circular sprinkler

其中,H0为圆形喷灌机百分率计时器设定值为100%及喷头电磁阀占空比为100%时圆形在本扇形喷洒区域内的灌水深度,mm;在本实施例中,PWMi为100%,在该电磁阀占空比下喷灌机行走速度快;Wherein, H0 is the irrigation depth of the circle in the fan-shaped spraying area when the percentage timer setting value of the circular sprinkler is 100% and the duty cycle of the sprinkler solenoid valve is 100%, mm; in this embodiment, PWM i is 100%, and the sprinkler travels fast under this solenoid valve duty cycle;

512)求得喷洒水肥液质量浓度512) Calculate the mass concentration of spray water fertilizer solution

其中,Fi为该扇形喷洒区域的单位面积施肥量,kg/hm2;Ai为扇形喷洒区域的面积,hm2Wherein, Fi is the fertilizer application rate per unit area of the fan-shaped spraying area, kg/ hm2 ; Ai is the area of the fan-shaped spraying area, hm2 ;

513)设定扇形喷洒区域内喷灌机入机流量Qi,m3/h;513) Set the sprinkler inlet flow rate Qi in the fan-shaped spraying area, m3 /h;

514)求得该扇形喷洒区域内注肥泵需要的工作流量,m3/h514) Obtain the required working flow rate of the fertilizer injection pump in the fan-shaped spraying area, m 3 /h

515)注肥泵优先推荐使用柱塞泵,当柱塞行程一定时,求得电机的电源频率,Hz515) The plunger pump is recommended as the fertilizer injection pump. When the plunger stroke is constant, the power frequency of the motor is calculated, Hz

fi=r+s×P+t×qi fi = r + s × P + t × q i

其中,r、s、t为系数;P为圆形喷灌机入机压力,MPa。Among them, r, s, t are coefficients; P is the inlet pressure of the circular sprinkler, MPa.

在本实施例中,对于额定流量为300L/h的柱塞泵,r=-1.082,s=3.520,t=165。In this embodiment, for a plunger pump with a rated flow rate of 300 L/h, r=-1.082, s=3.520, and t=165.

52)设定该扇形喷洒区域内施肥量最大的小管理区的喷头电磁阀占空比及施肥量最小的小管理区的灌水深度,求得施肥量最大的小管理区的灌水深度及施肥量最小的小的小管理区的喷头电磁阀占空比;然后依次求得该扇形喷洒区域内其他小管理区的灌水深度和喷头电磁阀占空比;最后求得该扇形喷洒区域内圆形喷灌机的百分率计时器设定值及注肥泵工作流量;52) setting the duty ratio of the solenoid valve of the sprinkler head in the small management area with the largest amount of fertilizer application and the irrigation depth of the small management area with the smallest amount of fertilizer application in the fan-shaped spraying area, and obtaining the irrigation depth of the small management area with the largest amount of fertilizer application and the duty ratio of the solenoid valve of the sprinkler head in the small management area with the smallest amount of fertilizer application; then obtaining the irrigation depth and the duty ratio of the solenoid valve of the sprinkler head of other small management areas in the fan-shaped spraying area in turn; finally obtaining the percentage timer setting value of the circular sprinkler in the fan-shaped spraying area and the working flow rate of the fertilizer injection pump;

521)在本扇形喷洒区域内,设定施肥量最大的小管理区的电磁阀占空比和施肥量最小的小管理区的灌水深度,求得施肥量最大的小管理区的灌水深度和施肥量最小的小管理区的电磁阀占空比。521) In this fan-shaped spraying area, the solenoid valve duty ratio of the small management area with the largest amount of fertilizer and the irrigation depth of the small management area with the smallest amount of fertilizer are set, and the irrigation depth of the small management area with the largest amount of fertilizer and the solenoid valve duty ratio of the small management area with the smallest amount of fertilizer are obtained.

本步骤中具体的:Specific to this step:

5221)设定该扇形喷洒区域中施肥量最大的小管理区内喷头电磁阀占空比PWMj-max(为了提高工作效率和节能,建议设定电磁阀占空比100%),求得施肥量最小的小管理区的喷头电磁阀占空比5221) Set the duty cycle PWM j-max of the solenoid valve of the sprinkler head in the small management area with the largest amount of fertilizer in the fan-shaped spraying area (in order to improve work efficiency and energy saving, it is recommended to set the solenoid valve duty cycle to 100%), and obtain the duty cycle of the solenoid valve of the sprinkler head in the small management area with the smallest amount of fertilizer

其中Fj-max、Fj-min分别为扇形喷洒区域内所有小管理区中最大和最小单位面积施肥量。Among them, F j-max and F j-min are the maximum and minimum fertilizer application per unit area in all small management areas within the fan-shaped spraying area.

5222)设定施肥量最小的小管理区的灌水深度为Hj-min(优先考虑灌水深度大于等于5mm,否则为无效灌溉),求得施肥量最大的小管理区的灌水深度5222) Set the irrigation depth of the small management area with the smallest amount of fertilizer to H j-min (given priority, the irrigation depth is greater than or equal to 5mm, otherwise it is invalid irrigation), and calculate the irrigation depth of the small management area with the largest amount of fertilizer

在本实施例中,PWMj-max为100%,在该电磁阀占空比下喷灌机行走速度快;In this embodiment, PWM j-max is 100%, and the sprinkler travels fast under this solenoid valve duty cycle;

522)求得该扇形喷洒区域的百分率计时器设定值522) Obtain the percentage timer setting value of the fan-shaped spraying area

其中,PWMjk为该扇形喷洒区域内任一小管理区的电磁阀占空比,Hjk为任一小管理区的灌水深度;Among them, PWM jk is the duty cycle of the solenoid valve in any small management area in the fan-shaped spraying area, and H jk is the irrigation depth of any small management area;

523)求得该扇形喷洒区域的喷洒水肥液质量浓度523) Calculate the mass concentration of the spraying water and fertilizer solution in the fan-shaped spraying area

其中,Fjk为任一小管理区的单位面积施肥量,Sjk为任一小管理区的面积,N为该扇形喷洒区域中所划分的小管理区的个数;Among them, F jk is the fertilizer application per unit area of any small management area, S jk is the area of any small management area, and N is the number of small management areas divided in the fan-shaped spraying area;

524)设定该扇形喷洒区域内喷灌机入机流量Qj,m3/h;524) Set the sprinkler inlet flow rate Q j in the fan-shaped spraying area, m 3 /h;

525)求得该扇形喷洒区域的注肥泵流量;525) obtaining the fertilizer injection pump flow rate in the fan-shaped spraying area;

步骤527)注肥泵优先推荐使用柱塞泵,当柱塞行程一定时,求得电机的电源频率Step 527) The fertilizer injection pump is preferably a plunger pump. When the plunger stroke is constant, the power frequency of the motor is calculated.

fi=r+s×P+t×qj fi = r + s × P + t × q j

其中,r、s、t为系数;P为圆形喷灌机入机压力,MPa。Among them, r, s, t are coefficients; P is the inlet pressure of the circular sprinkler, MPa.

在本实施例中,对于额定流量为300L/h的柱塞泵,r=-1.082,s=3.520,t=165。In this embodiment, for a plunger pump with a rated flow rate of 300 L/h, r=-1.082, s=3.520, and t=165.

6)根据各管理区设计灌水深度减去喷洒水肥液深度后计算得到剩余的清水灌水深度,求得圆形喷灌机百分率计时器设定值及喷头电磁阀占空比。由大管理区构成的扇形喷洒区域,进入61);由多个小管理区构成的扇形喷洒区域,进入62);6) Calculate the remaining clean water irrigation depth after deducting the spraying water and fertilizer liquid depth from the designed irrigation depth of each management area, and obtain the percentage timer setting value of the circular sprinkler and the duty cycle of the sprinkler solenoid valve. The fan-shaped spraying area composed of large management areas enters 61); the fan-shaped spraying area composed of multiple small management areas enters 62);

步骤61)计算该扇形喷洒区域的灌水深度;求得喷头电磁阀占空比和圆形喷灌机百分率计时器设定值,具体的:Step 61) Calculate the irrigation depth of the fan-shaped spraying area; obtain the duty cycle of the sprinkler solenoid valve and the percentage timer setting value of the circular sprinkler, specifically:

步骤611)在本扇形喷洒区域内,根据灌溉处方图设计的总灌水深度减去喷洒水肥液时的灌水深度得到大管理区喷洒清水的灌水深度Hu Step 611) In the fan-shaped spraying area, the total irrigation depth designed according to the irrigation prescription map is subtracted from the irrigation depth when spraying water and fertilizer liquid to obtain the irrigation depth Hu of spraying clean water in the large management area.

Hu=Hsum-Hi HuHsum - Hi

其中,Hsum为总灌水深度,Hi为喷洒水肥液时大管理区的灌水深度。Among them, H sum is the total irrigation depth, and Hi is the irrigation depth of the large management area when spraying water and fertilizer solution.

步骤612)设定该扇形喷洒区域的喷头电磁阀占空比为PWMu(为了提高工作效率和节能,建议设定电磁阀占空比100%),求得圆形喷灌机百分率计时器设定值Step 612) Set the duty cycle of the solenoid valve of the fan-shaped spraying area to PWM u (in order to improve work efficiency and save energy, it is recommended to set the solenoid valve duty cycle to 100%), and obtain the percentage timer setting value of the circular sprinkler

在本实施例中,PWMu为100%,在该电磁阀占空比下喷灌机行走速度快。In this embodiment, PWM u is 100%, and the sprinkler irrigation machine has a fast running speed under this solenoid valve duty cycle.

步骤62)计算该扇形喷洒区域各小管理区的灌水深度;设定灌水深度最大的小管理区的喷头电磁阀占空比,求得其他小管理区的喷头电磁阀占空比;最后求得该扇形喷洒区域的圆形喷灌机百分率计时器设定值,具体的:Step 62) Calculate the irrigation depth of each small management area in the fan-shaped spraying area; set the duty ratio of the sprinkler solenoid valve of the small management area with the largest irrigation depth, and obtain the duty ratio of the sprinkler solenoid valve of other small management areas; finally, obtain the percentage timer setting value of the circular sprinkler in the fan-shaped spraying area, specifically:

步骤621)在本扇形喷洒区域内,根据灌溉处方图设计的灌水深度减去喷洒水肥液时的灌水深度得到各小管理区喷洒清水的灌水深度Step 621) In this fan-shaped spraying area, the irrigation depth designed according to the irrigation prescription map minus the irrigation depth when spraying water and fertilizer liquid is obtained to obtain the irrigation depth of each small management area spraying clean water

Hv=Hsum-Hj H v =H sum -H j

步骤622)设定灌水深度最大的小管理区的喷头电磁阀占空比PWMv-max,计算其他小管理区的喷头电磁阀占空比;Step 622) setting the duty ratio PWM v-max of the solenoid valve of the sprinkler head in the small management area with the largest irrigation depth, and calculating the duty ratios of the solenoid valves of the sprinkler heads in other small management areas;

其中,Hv-max为各小管理区中最大的灌水深度,mm;Hv-else为其他任一小管理区的灌水深度,mm;Among them, H v-max is the maximum irrigation depth in each small management area, mm; H v-else is the irrigation depth of any other small management area, mm;

在本实施例中,PWMv-max为100%,在该电磁阀占空比下喷灌机行走速度快。In this embodiment, PWM v-max is 100%, and the sprinkler irrigation machine has a fast running speed under this solenoid valve duty cycle.

步骤623)计算该扇形喷洒区域圆形喷灌机百分率计时器设定值。Step 623) Calculate the percentage timer setting value of the circular sprinkler in the fan-shaped spraying area.

其中,PWMvk为该扇形喷洒区域内任一小管理区的电磁阀占空比,Hvk为任一小管理区的灌水深度,mm。Among them, PWM vk is the duty cycle of the solenoid valve in any small management area in the fan-shaped spraying area, and H vk is the irrigation depth of any small management area, mm.

如图2所示的本发明实施例2Embodiment 2 of the present invention as shown in FIG.

1)由101大管理区1组成的第一扇形喷洒区域,由201小管理区2和202小管理区3组成的第二扇形喷洒区域,由301小管理区4和302小管理区5组成的第三扇形喷洒区域,由401大管理区6组成的第四扇形喷洒区域,由501大管理区7组成的第五扇形喷洒区域;1) The first fan-shaped spraying area is composed of the large management area 1 of 101, the second fan-shaped spraying area is composed of the small management area 2 of 201 and the small management area 3 of 202, the third fan-shaped spraying area is composed of the small management area 4 of 301 and the small management area 5 of 302, the fourth fan-shaped spraying area is composed of the large management area 6 of 401, and the fifth fan-shaped spraying area is composed of the large management area 7 of 501;

第一扇形喷洒区域、第二扇形喷洒区域、第三扇形喷洒区域、第四扇形喷洒区域和第五扇形喷洒区域角度分别为30°、60°、45°、35°和10°。第二扇形喷洒区域中的201小管理区2和202小管理区3的分界处位于13号和14号喷头之间(第一跨13号和第二跨1号之间),(前13个喷头总流量Qtotal13=4.45m3/h、后15个喷头总流量Qtotal15=16.55m3/h)距离中心支轴R1约43m。301小管理区4和302小管理区5的分界处位于17号和18号喷头之间(第二跨4号和5号之间)(前17个喷头总流量Qtotal17=8.15m3/h、后11个喷头总流量Qtotal11=12.85m3/h),距离中心支轴R2约57m。该圆形喷灌机有效喷洒半径R为94.2m;入机压力为0.25MPa;当圆形喷灌机百分率设定值为100%且喷头电磁阀占空比为100%时,当圆形喷灌机百分率计时器为100%且喷头电磁阀占空比为100%时的灌水深度H0为2.46mm;灌溉施肥处方图提供的设计灌水深度Hsum=35mm。The angles of the first fan-shaped spraying area, the second fan-shaped spraying area, the third fan-shaped spraying area, the fourth fan-shaped spraying area and the fifth fan-shaped spraying area are 30°, 60°, 45°, 35° and 10° respectively. The boundary between the 201 small management area 2 and the 202 small management area 3 in the second fan-shaped spraying area is located between the 13th and 14th nozzles (between the first span 13 and the second span 1), (the total flow rate of the first 13 nozzles Q total13 = 4.45m 3 /h, the total flow rate of the last 15 nozzles Q total15 = 16.55m 3 /h) and is about 43m away from the central support axis R1 . The boundary between the 301 small management area 4 and the 302 small management area 5 is located between the 17th and 18th nozzles (between the second span 4th and 5th) (the total flow of the first 17 nozzles Q total17 = 8.15m 3 /h, the total flow of the last 11 nozzles Q total11 = 12.85m 3 /h), about 57m away from the central support axis R 2. The effective spraying radius R of the circular sprinkler is 94.2m; the inlet pressure is 0.25MPa; when the percentage setting value of the circular sprinkler is 100% and the duty cycle of the sprinkler solenoid valve is 100%, the irrigation depth H 0 is 2.46mm when the percentage timer of the circular sprinkler is 100% and the duty cycle of the sprinkler solenoid valve is 100%; the designed irrigation depth H sum provided by the fertigation prescription map is 35mm.

计算各个管理区域的面积,其中:Calculate the area of each management region, where:

101大管理区的面积: The area of 101 management areas:

201小管理区的面积: The area of 201 small management area:

202小管理区的面积: The area of 202 small management area:

301小管理区的面积: The area of 301 small management area:

302小管理区的面积: The area of 302 small management area:

401大管理区的面积: The area of 401 large management area:

501大管理区的面积: The area of 501 large management area:

2)由图2中所提供夏玉米的施肥量,根据灌水和施肥需求量,将各大管理区和各小管理区分别划分为不同的灌溉施肥等级;本实施例中所使用的分类方法为自然间断点分类法,按照由高至低的标准将其分为三个灌溉施肥等级,得出:101大管理区、401大管理区为高施氮量等级,F3=120kg/hm2;201小管理区、301小管理区为中施氮量等级,F2=100kg/hm2;202小管理区、302小管理区、501大管理区为低施氮量等级,F1=80kg/hm22) Based on the fertilizer application amount of summer corn provided in Figure 2, each large management area and each small management area are divided into different fertigation levels according to the irrigation and fertilizer requirements; the classification method used in this embodiment is the natural break point classification method, which is divided into three fertigation levels from high to low, and it is obtained that: 101 large management area and 401 large management area are high nitrogen application level, F 3 =120kg/hm 2 ; 201 small management area and 301 small management area are medium nitrogen application level, F 2 =100kg/hm 2 ; 202 small management area, 302 small management area, and 501 large management area are low nitrogen application level, F 1 =80kg/hm 2 .

3)计算该地块施肥总量,其中:3) Calculate the total amount of fertilizer applied to the plot, where:

施氮总量:Total nitrogen application:

F=F1×(A3+A5+A7)+F2×(A2+A4)+F3×(A1+A6)F=F 1 ×(A 3 +A 5 +A 7 )+F 2 ×(A 2 +A 4 )+F 3 ×(A 1 +A 6 )

=80×(0.3683+0.2208+0.0774)+100×(0.0968+0.1276)+120×(0.2323+0.2710)=136.16kg=80×(0.3683+0.2208+0.0774)+100×(0.0968+0.1276)+120×(0.2323+0.2710)=136.16kg

选择肥料类型:尿素含氮量FNC=46%Select fertilizer type: urea nitrogen content FNC = 46%

施肥总量: Total amount of fertilizer:

选取尿素溶解度为S=25g/100gSelect urea solubility as S = 25g/100g

4)根据选择的肥料类型和肥料溶解度计算配肥总体积和肥料母液浓度,具体的:4) Calculate the total fertilizer volume and fertilizer mother solution concentration based on the selected fertilizer type and fertilizer solubility. Specifically:

计算肥料母液体积Calculate the volume of fertilizer solution

肥料母液质量浓度Fertilizer mother solution concentration

5)根据管理区域的种类,对各扇形喷洒区域进行划分,大管理区自己为一个扇形喷洒区域,进入51);同一扇形区域内的小管理区组成一个扇形喷洒区域,进入52);本实施例中具体的,第一扇形喷洒区域、第四扇形喷洒区域和第五扇形喷洒区域进入51),第二扇形喷洒区域和第三扇形喷洒区域进入52),计算步骤分别为:5) According to the type of management area, each fan-shaped spraying area is divided, the large management area itself is a fan-shaped spraying area, enter 51); the small management areas in the same fan-shaped area form a fan-shaped spraying area, enter 52); specifically, in this embodiment, the first fan-shaped spraying area, the fourth fan-shaped spraying area and the fifth fan-shaped spraying area enter 51), the second fan-shaped spraying area and the third fan-shaped spraying area enter 52), and the calculation steps are respectively:

计算施肥量为F3的第一扇形喷洒区域(101大管理区)和第四扇形喷洒区域(401大管理区)Calculate the fertilizer application rate for the first fan-shaped spraying area (101 large management area) and the fourth fan-shaped spraying area (401 large management area) of F3

设定第一扇形喷洒区域的灌水深度H1=第四扇形喷洒区域的灌水深度H6=10mm,第一扇形喷洒区域的电磁阀占空比PWM1=第四扇形喷洒区域的电磁阀占空比PWM6=100%,则百分率计时器设定值Set the irrigation depth H1 of the first fan-shaped spraying area = the irrigation depth H6 of the fourth fan-shaped spraying area = 10mm, the solenoid valve duty ratio PWM1 of the first fan-shaped spraying area = the solenoid valve duty ratio PWM6 of the fourth fan-shaped spraying area = 100%, then the percentage timer setting value

喷洒水肥液质量浓度Spraying water fertilizer solution mass concentration

柱塞式注肥泵流量Plunger fertilizer injection pump flow

柱塞式注肥泵100%行程时电源频率Power frequency of plunger fertilizer injection pump at 100% stroke

f1=f6=-1.082+3.520P+165q=-1.082+3.520×0.25+165×0.27=44.35Hzf 1 =f 6 =-1.082+3.520P+165q=-1.082+3.520×0.25+165×0.27=44.35Hz

其中,k1、k6为圆形喷灌机百分率计时器设定值,C1、C6为喷洒水肥液质量浓度,q1、q6为柱塞式注肥泵流量,f1、f6为柱塞式注肥泵电源频率。Among them, k 1 and k 6 are the percentage timer setting values of the circular sprinkler, C 1 and C 6 are the mass concentrations of the spraying water and fertilizer solution, q 1 and q 6 are the flow rates of the plunger fertilizer injection pump, and f 1 and f 6 are the power supply frequencies of the plunger fertilizer injection pump.

计算施肥量为F1的第五扇形喷洒区域(501大管理区)Calculate the fertilizer application rate for the fifth fan-shaped spraying area (501 large management area) with F1

灌水深度H7=10mm,电磁阀占空比PWM7=100%时,则百分率计时器设定值When the watering depth H7 = 10mm and the solenoid valve duty cycle PWM7 = 100%, the percentage timer setting value is

喷洒水肥液质量浓度Mass concentration of spraying water and fertilizer solution

柱塞式注肥泵流量Plunger fertilizer injection pump flow

柱塞式注肥泵100%行程时电源频率Power frequency of plunger fertilizer injection pump at 100% stroke

f7=-1.082+3.520P+0.165q=-1.082+3.520×0.25+165×0.181=29.50Hzf 7 =-1.082+3.520P+0.165q=-1.082+3.520×0.25+165×0.181=29.50Hz

计算第二扇形喷洒区域,施肥量为F2的201小管理区以及为F1的202小管理区设定201小管理区电磁阀占空比PWM2=100%时,202小管理区电磁阀占空比Calculate the second fan-shaped spraying area, the fertilizer application amount is F2 for the 201 small management area and F1 for the 202 small management area. When the duty ratio of the solenoid valve in the 201 small management area is set to PWM2 = 100%, the duty ratio of the solenoid valve in the 202 small management area is

设定202小管理区灌水深度H3=10mm,计算201小管理区灌水深度Set the irrigation depth of small management area 202 to H 3 = 10 mm, and calculate the irrigation depth of small management area 201

计算百分率计时器设定值Calculate percentage timer setting value

喷洒水肥液质量浓度Mass concentration of spraying water and fertilizer solution

喷灌机入机流量Sprinkler inflow

Q2=Qtotal13+Qtotal15×80%=4.45+16.55×80%=17.69m3/hQ 2 = Q total13 + Q total15 × 80% = 4.45 + 16.55 × 80% = 17.69m 3 /h

柱塞式注肥泵流量Plunger fertilizer injection pump flow

柱塞式注肥泵100%行程时电源频率Power frequency of plunger fertilizer injection pump at 100% stroke

f2=f3=-1.082+3.520P+165q=-1.082+3.520×0.25+165×0.155=25.37Hzf 2 =f 3 =-1.082+3.520P+165q=-1.082+3.520×0.25+165×0.155=25.37Hz

计算第三扇形喷洒区域,施肥量为F2的301小管理区、F1的302小管理区301小管理区电磁阀占空比PWM4=100%时,302小管理区电磁阀占空比Calculate the third fan-shaped spraying area, the fertilizer application amount is F2 's 301 small management area, F1 's 302 small management area. When the solenoid valve duty ratio PWM 4 of the 301 small management area is 100%, the solenoid valve duty ratio of the 302 small management area is

设定302小管理区灌水深度H5=10mm,计算301小管理区的灌水深度Set the irrigation depth of the 302 small management area H 5 = 10mm, calculate the irrigation depth of the 301 small management area

计算百分率计时器设定值Calculate percentage timer setting value

喷洒水肥液质量浓度Mass concentration of spraying water and fertilizer solution

喷灌机入机流量Sprinkler inflow

Q4=Qtotal17+Qtotal11×80%=8.15+12.85×80%=18.43m3/hQ 4 =Q total17 +Q total11 ×80%=8.15+12.85×80%=18.43m 3 /h

柱塞式注肥泵流量Plunger fertilizer injection pump flow

柱塞式注肥泵100%行程时电源频率Power frequency of plunger fertilizer injection pump at 100% stroke

f4=f5=-1.082+3.520P+165q=-1.082+3.520×0.25+165×0.162=26.53Hzf 4 =f 5 =-1.082+3.520P+165q=-1.082+3.520×0.25+165×0.162=26.53Hz

6)计算各分区喷洒清水时的灌水深度以及电磁阀占空比6) Calculate the watering depth and solenoid valve duty cycle for each zone when spraying clean water

101大管理区、401大管理区、501大管理区及202小管理区、302小管理区灌水深度Irrigation depth of 101 large management area, 401 large management area, 501 large management area, 202 small management area, 302 small management area

H1'=H3'=H5'=H'6=H'7=Hsum-H1=35-10=25mmH 1 '=H 3 '=H 5 '=H' 6 =H' 7 =H sum -H 1 =35-10=25mm

201小管理区、301小管理区灌水深度Irrigation depth of 201 small management area and 301 small management area

H'2=H'4=Hsum-H2=35-12.5=22.5mmH' 2 =H' 4 =H sum -H 2 =35-12.5=22.5mm

求得201小管理区、301小管理区电磁阀占空比Obtain the duty ratio of the solenoid valves in the 201 and 301 small management areas

设定101大管理区、401大管理区、501大管理区及202小管理区、302小管理区的电磁阀占空比100%,求得圆形喷灌机百分率计时器设定值Set the solenoid valve duty ratio of 101 large management area, 401 large management area, 501 large management area and 202 small management area, 302 small management area to 100% to obtain the percentage timer setting value of the circular sprinkler

Claims (10)

1.一种圆形喷灌机精准变量灌溉施肥实现方法,其特征在于,包括:1. A method for realizing precise variable irrigation and fertilization with a circular sprinkler irrigation machine, which is characterized by including: 步骤1)根据灌溉施肥处方图提供的整个管理地块内的灌溉和施肥需求量,将地块划分为若干个大管理区及小管理区,并根据角度和半径计算各管理区的面积;Step 1) According to the irrigation and fertilization requirements within the entire management plot provided by the irrigation and fertilization prescription map, divide the plot into several large management areas and small management areas, and calculate the area of each management area based on the angle and radius; 步骤2)将各大管理区和各小管理区分别划分为不同的灌溉施肥等级;Step 2) Divide each major management area and each small management area into different irrigation and fertilization levels; 步骤3)根据各管理区的面积及施肥量计算出该管理地块的总施肥量;Step 3) Calculate the total fertilization amount of the management plot based on the area and fertilization amount of each management area; 步骤4)根据选择的肥料类型及相应的肥料溶解度计算出配肥总体积和肥料母液浓度;Step 4) Calculate the total volume of fertilizer and fertilizer mother liquor concentration based on the selected fertilizer type and corresponding fertilizer solubility; 步骤5)以圆形喷灌机中心支轴为中心,将管理地块划分出若干扇形喷洒区域,若扇形喷洒区域内采用单一的灌溉施肥处方,则该扇形喷洒区域为大管理区,进入51;若扇形喷洒区域内采用不同的灌溉施肥处方,则依据灌溉施肥处方划分出若干小管理区,进入52;Step 5) Taking the central pivot of the circular sprinkler as the center, divide the management plot into several fan-shaped spraying areas. If a single irrigation and fertilization prescription is used in the fan-shaped spraying area, then the fan-shaped spraying area is a large management area, and enter 51; If different irrigation and fertilization prescriptions are used in the fan-shaped spray area, several small management areas will be divided according to the irrigation and fertilization prescriptions and enter 52; 步骤51)设定该扇形喷洒区域的灌水深度及喷头电磁阀占空比,求得圆形喷灌机的百分率计时器设定值及注肥泵工作流量;Step 51) Set the irrigation depth of the fan-shaped spray area and the duty cycle of the solenoid valve of the sprinkler head, and obtain the percentage timer setting value of the circular sprinkler irrigation machine and the working flow rate of the fertilizer injection pump; 步骤52)设定该扇形喷洒区域内施肥量最大的小管理区的喷头电磁阀占空比及施肥量最小的小管理区的灌水深度,求得施肥量最大的小管理区的灌水深度及施肥量最小的小管理区的喷头电磁阀占空比;然后依次求得该扇形喷洒区域内其他小管理区的灌水深度和喷头电磁阀占空比;最后求得该扇形喷洒区域内圆形喷灌机的百分率计时器设定值及注肥泵工作流量;Step 52) Set the duty cycle of the sprinkler solenoid valve of the small management area with the largest fertilization amount in the fan-shaped spray area and the irrigation depth of the small management area with the smallest fertilization amount, and obtain the irrigation depth and fertilization of the small management area with the largest fertilization amount. The duty cycle of the solenoid valve of the sprinkler head in the small management area with the smallest amount of water is calculated; then the filling depth and the duty cycle of the solenoid valve of the sprinkler head in the other small management areas in the fan-shaped spray area are obtained in turn; finally, the circular sprinkler irrigation machine in the fan-shaped spray area is obtained. The percentage timer setting value and the working flow rate of the fertilizer injection pump; 步骤6)根据各管理区设计灌水深度减去喷洒水肥液深度后计算得到剩余的清水灌水深度,求得圆形喷灌机百分率计时器设定值及喷头电磁阀占空比;由大管理区构成的扇形喷洒区域,进入61;由多个小管理区构成的扇形喷洒区域,进入62;Step 6) Calculate the remaining clear water irrigation depth based on the designed irrigation depth of each management area minus the depth of sprayed water and fertilizer solution, and obtain the percentage timer setting value of the circular sprinkler irrigation machine and the duty cycle of the nozzle solenoid valve; it consists of a large management area For a fan-shaped spray area, go to 61; for a fan-shaped spray area composed of multiple small management areas, go to 62; 步骤61)计算该扇形喷洒区域的灌水深度;求得喷头电磁阀占空比和圆形喷灌机百分率计时器设定值;Step 61) Calculate the irrigation depth of the fan-shaped spray area; obtain the duty cycle of the sprinkler solenoid valve and the percentage timer setting value of the circular sprinkler irrigation machine; 步骤62)计算该扇形喷洒区域各小管理区的灌水深度;设定灌水深度最大的小管理区的喷头电磁阀占空比,求得其他小管理区的喷头电磁阀占空比;最后求得该扇形喷洒区域的圆形喷灌机百分率计时器设定值。Step 62) Calculate the irrigation depth of each small management area in the fan-shaped spray area; set the nozzle solenoid valve duty cycle of the small management area with the largest irrigation depth, and obtain the nozzle solenoid valve duty cycle of other small management areas; finally obtain The percentage timer setting value of the circular sprinkler for this fan-shaped spray area. 2.根据权利要求1所述的一种圆形喷灌机精准变量灌溉施肥实现方法,其特征在于,所述地块划分的方式为:根据灌溉施肥处方信息,以圆形喷灌机中心支轴为中心,沿圆周方向划分角度不同的若干扇形喷洒区域,然后在各扇形喷洒区域内根据灌溉施肥量的差异性及圆形喷灌机喷头组数划分为不同的小管理区;若某扇形喷洒区域内灌溉量与施肥量无差异,则扇形喷洒区域为大管理区,不再划分小管理区;由全部大管理区和小管理区共同组成管理地块。2. A method for realizing precise variable irrigation and fertilization with a circular sprinkler according to claim 1, characterized in that the land parcels are divided in the following manner: according to the irrigation and fertilization prescription information, the central pivot of the circular sprinkler is Center, divide several fan-shaped spraying areas with different angles along the circumferential direction, and then divide each fan-shaped spraying area into different small management areas according to the difference in irrigation and fertilization amounts and the number of circular sprinkler nozzle groups; if a certain fan-shaped spraying area If there is no difference between the amount of irrigation and the amount of fertilizer applied, then the fan-shaped spraying area is the large management area, and small management areas are no longer divided; the management plot is composed of all large management areas and small management areas. 3.根据权利要求1所述的一种圆形喷灌机精准变量灌溉施肥实现方法,其特征在于,所述步骤3中:3. A method for realizing precise variable irrigation and fertilization of a circular sprinkler irrigation machine according to claim 1, characterized in that in step 3: Fsum=F1×Aa1+F2×Aa2+...+Fn×Aan F sum =F 1 ×A a1 +F 2 ×A a2 +...+F n ×A an 其中,Fsum为该管理地块施肥总质量;F1、F2…Fn为第1~n级施肥等级的单位面积施肥量;Aa1、Aa2…Aan分别为单位面积施肥量为F1、F2…Fn所对应地块的面积;n为施肥等级处方数。Among them, F sum is the total mass of fertilizer applied in the management plot; F 1 , F 2 ...F n are the amount of fertilizer applied per unit area of the 1st to n levels of fertilization; A a1 , A a2 ...A an are the amount of fertilizer applied per unit area respectively. The area of the plot corresponding to F 1 , F 2 ...F n ; n is the number of fertilizer grade prescriptions. 4.根据权利要求1所述的一种圆形喷灌机精准变量灌溉施肥实现方法,其特征在于,所述步骤4中:4. A method for realizing precise variable irrigation and fertilization of a circular sprinkler irrigation machine according to claim 1, characterized in that in step 4: 其中,V为配肥总体积;S为肥料溶解度;ρ为水的密度;C0为所配肥料母液质量浓度。Among them, V is the total volume of the fertilizer; S is the solubility of the fertilizer; ρ is the density of water; C 0 is the mass concentration of the fertilizer mother liquor. 5.根据权利要求1所述的一种圆形喷灌机精准变量灌溉施肥实现方法,其特征在于,所述步骤51包括:5. A method for realizing precise variable irrigation and fertilization of a circular sprinkler irrigation machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the step 51 includes: 511)设定该扇形喷洒区域的灌水深度为Hi和喷头电磁阀占空比为PWMi,求得圆形喷灌机百分率计时器设定值511) Set the irrigation depth of the fan-shaped spray area as Hi and the duty cycle of the sprinkler solenoid valve as PWM i to obtain the percentage timer setting value of the circular sprinkler irrigation machine. 其中,H0为当圆形喷灌机百分率计时器设定值为100%且喷头电磁阀占空比为100%时的灌水深度;Among them, H 0 is the irrigation depth when the percentage timer setting value of the circular sprinkler irrigation machine is 100% and the duty cycle of the sprinkler solenoid valve is 100%; 512)求得喷洒水肥液质量浓度512) Find the mass concentration of spraying water and fertilizer solution 其中,Fi为该扇形喷洒区域的单位面积施肥量;Ai为扇形喷洒区域的面积;Among them, F i is the amount of fertilizer per unit area of the fan-shaped spray area; A i is the area of the fan-shaped spray area; 513)设定扇形喷洒区域内喷灌机入机流量Qi513) Set the incoming flow rate Q i of the sprinkler irrigation machine in the fan-shaped spray area; 514)求得该扇形喷洒区域内注肥泵需要的工作流量514) Find the required working flow rate of the fertilizer pump in the fan-shaped spray area 其中,C0为所配肥料母液质量浓度。Among them, C 0 is the mass concentration of the fertilizer mother liquor. 6.根据权利要求5所述的一种圆形喷灌机精准变量灌溉施肥实现方法,其特征在于,所述PWMi为100%,5mm≤Hi≤Hsum,其中Hsum为灌溉施肥处方图提供的设计灌水深度。6. A method for realizing precise variable irrigation and fertilization of a circular sprinkler irrigation machine according to claim 5, characterized in that the PWM i is 100%, 5mm ≤ Hi ≤ H sum , where H sum is the prescription diagram for irrigation and fertilization. Design irrigation depth provided. 7.根据权利要求1所述的一种圆形喷灌机精准变量灌溉施肥实现方法,其特征在于,所述步骤52包括:7. A method for realizing precise variable irrigation and fertilization of a circular sprinkler irrigation machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the step 52 includes: 步骤521)在本扇形喷洒区域内,设定施肥量最大的小管理区的电磁阀占空比和施肥量最小的小管理区的灌水深度,求得施肥量最大的小管理区的灌水深度和施肥量最小的小管理区的电磁阀占空比,其中:Step 521) In this fan-shaped spray area, set the solenoid valve duty cycle of the small management area with the largest fertilization amount and the irrigation depth of the small management area with the smallest fertilization amount, and obtain the irrigation depth sum of the small management area with the largest fertilization amount. The solenoid valve duty cycle of the small management area with the minimum fertilizer amount, where: 设定该扇形喷洒区域中施肥量最大的小管理区内喷头电磁阀占空比PWMj-max,求得施肥量最小的小管理区的喷头电磁阀占空比Set the duty cycle PWM j-max of the nozzle solenoid valve in the small management area with the largest fertilization amount in the fan-shaped spray area, and obtain the nozzle solenoid valve duty cycle in the small management area with the smallest fertilization amount. 其中Fj-max、Fj-min分别为扇形喷洒区域内所有小管理区中最大和最小单位面积施肥量;Among them, F j-max and F j-min are respectively the maximum and minimum fertilizer application amount per unit area in all small management areas in the fan-shaped spray area; 设定施肥量最小的小管理区的灌水深度为Hj-min,求得施肥量最大的小管理区的灌水深度Set the irrigation depth of the small management area with the smallest amount of fertilizer application to H j-min , and find the irrigation depth of the small management area with the largest amount of fertilizer application. 步骤522)求得该扇形喷洒区域其他小管理区的喷头电磁阀占空比Step 522) Obtain the duty cycle of the nozzle solenoid valve of other small management areas in the fan-shaped spray area 其中Fj-else为除最大、最小施肥量小管理区外,其他任一小管理区的单位面积施肥量;Among them, F j-else is the fertilizer amount per unit area of any small management area except the maximum and minimum fertilizer amount small management areas; 求得该扇形喷洒区域其他小管理区的灌水深度Find the irrigation depth of other small management areas in the fan-shaped spray area 步骤523)求得该扇形喷洒区域的百分率计时器设定值Step 523) Obtain the percentage timer setting value of the fan-shaped spray area 其中PWMjk为该扇形喷洒区域内任一小管理区的电磁阀占空比,Hjk为任一小管理区的灌水深度,H0为当圆形喷灌机百分率计时器设定值为100%且喷头电磁阀占空比为100%时的灌水深度;Among them, PWM jk is the solenoid valve duty cycle of any small management area in the fan-shaped spray area, H jk is the irrigation depth of any small management area, and H 0 is the percentage timer setting value of the circular sprinkler irrigation machine when it is 100%. And the irrigation depth when the duty cycle of the sprinkler solenoid valve is 100%; 步骤524)求得该扇形喷洒区域的喷洒水肥液质量浓度Step 524) Obtain the mass concentration of spray water and fertilizer liquid in the fan-shaped spray area Fjk为任一小管理区的单位面积施肥量,Sjk为任一小管理区的面积,N为该扇形喷洒区域中所划分的小管理区的个数,ρ为水的密度;F jk is the amount of fertilizer per unit area of any small management area, S jk is the area of any small management area, N is the number of small management areas divided in the fan-shaped spray area, and ρ is the density of water; 步骤525)设定该扇形喷洒区域内喷灌机入机流量QjStep 525) Set the inlet flow rate Q j of the sprinkler irrigation machine in the fan-shaped spray area; 步骤526)求得该扇形喷洒区域的注肥泵流量;Step 526) Obtain the fertilizer pump flow rate of the fan-shaped spray area; 其中,C0为所配肥料母液质量浓度。Among them, C 0 is the mass concentration of the fertilizer mother liquor. 8.根据权利要求7所述的一种圆形喷灌机精准变量灌溉施肥实现方法,其特征在于,所述PWMj-max为100%,其中5mm≤Hj-min≤Hsum,其中Hsum为灌溉施肥处方图提供的设计灌水深度。8. A method for realizing precise variable irrigation and fertilization of a circular sprinkler irrigation machine according to claim 7, characterized in that the PWM j-max is 100%, where 5mm≤H j-min≤H sum , where H sum Design irrigation depth provided for fertigation prescription chart. 9.根据权利要求1所述的一种圆形喷灌机精准变量灌溉施肥实现方法,其特征在于,所述步骤61包括:9. A method for realizing precise variable irrigation and fertilization of a circular sprinkler irrigation machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the step 61 includes: 步骤611)在本扇形喷洒区域内,根据灌溉处方图设计的总灌水深度减去喷洒水肥液时的灌水深度得到大管理区喷洒清水的灌水深度Step 611) In this fan-shaped spray area, subtract the irrigation depth when spraying water and fertilizer solution from the total irrigation depth designed according to the irrigation prescription map to obtain the irrigation depth for spraying clear water in the large management area. Hu=Hsum-Hi H u =H sum -H i 其中,Hsum为总灌水深度,Hi为喷洒水肥液时大管理区的灌水深度;Among them, H sum is the total irrigation depth, Hi is the irrigation depth of the large management area when spraying water and fertilizer liquid; 步骤612)设定该扇形喷洒区域的喷头电磁阀占空比为PWMu,求得圆形喷灌机百分率计时器设定值Step 612) Set the duty cycle of the nozzle solenoid valve of the fan-shaped spray area to PWM u and obtain the percentage timer setting value of the circular sprinkler irrigation machine. 其中,H0为当圆形喷灌机百分率计时器设定值为100%且喷头电磁阀占空比为100%时的灌水深度。Among them, H 0 is the irrigation depth when the percentage timer setting value of the circular sprinkler irrigation machine is 100% and the duty cycle of the sprinkler solenoid valve is 100%. 10.根据权利要求1所述的一种圆形喷灌机精准变量灌溉施肥实现方法,其特征在于,所述步骤62包括:10. A method for realizing precise variable irrigation and fertilization of a circular sprinkler irrigation machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the step 62 includes: 步骤621)在本扇形喷洒区域内,根据灌溉施肥处方图的灌水深度减去喷洒水肥液时的灌水深度得到各小管理区喷洒清水的灌水深度Step 621) In this fan-shaped spray area, subtract the irrigation depth when spraying the water and fertilizer solution according to the irrigation depth of the irrigation and fertilization prescription map to obtain the irrigation depth of spraying clean water in each small management area. Hv=Hsum-Hj H v =H sum -H j 步骤622)设定灌水深度最大的小管理区的喷头电磁阀占空比PWMv-max,计算其他小管理区的喷头电磁阀占空比Step 622) Set the duty cycle PWM v-max of the sprinkler solenoid valve of the small management area with the largest irrigation depth, and calculate the duty cycle of the sprinkler solenoid valve of other small management areas. 其中,Hv-max为各小管理区中最大的灌水深度,Hv-else为其他任一小管理区的灌水深度;Among them, H v-max is the maximum irrigation depth in each small management area, and H v-else is the irrigation depth in any other small management area; 步骤623)计算该扇形喷洒区域圆形喷灌机百分率计时器设定值;Step 623) Calculate the percentage timer setting value of the circular sprinkler irrigation machine in the fan-shaped spray area; 其中,PWMvk为该扇形喷洒区域内任一小管理区的电磁阀占空比,Hvk为任一小管理区的灌水深度,H0为当圆形喷灌机百分率计时器设定值为100%且喷头电磁阀占空比为100%时的灌水深度。Among them, PWM vk is the solenoid valve duty cycle of any small management area in the fan-shaped spray area, H vk is the irrigation depth of any small management area, and H 0 is the percentage timer setting value of the circular sprinkler irrigation machine when it is 100 % and the filling depth when the nozzle solenoid valve duty cycle is 100%.
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