CN112941377A - Er-containing cast heat-resistant Al-Si-Cu-Mg alloy - Google Patents
Er-containing cast heat-resistant Al-Si-Cu-Mg alloy Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/026—Alloys based on aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/03—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/043—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with silicon as the next major constituent
Abstract
An Er-containing cast heat-resistant Al-Si-Cu-Mg alloy belongs to the field of non-ferrous metal materials. One of the characteristics of the alloy of the invention is as follows: the Er element is added into the Al-Si-Cu-Mg alloy while the mass ratio of the alloy elements in the Al-Si-Cu-Mg alloy is adjusted. And (3) a heat treatment process, wherein three-stage solid solution treatment is adopted, the first-stage solid solution enables supersaturated Er element in the as-cast alloy to be precipitated in the form of Al3Er, the size of the supersaturated Er element is 5-10 nm, the second-stage solid solution enables intermetallic compounds with low melting points to be dissolved back into the matrix without being calcined, and the third-stage solid solution enables most coarse primary phases in the alloy to be dissolved back into the matrix. Compared with the traditional single-stage solid solution, the three-stage solid solution has greatly improved mechanical properties of the Al-Si-Cu-Mg alloy at room temperature and high temperature. The alloy and the heat treatment process of the invention enable the alloy to have excellent room temperature tensile property and good high temperature tensile property.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an Er-containing cast Al-Si aluminum alloy with high room temperature strength and high heat resistance and a heat treatment process thereof, which can be used in the fields of automobile industry and civil use and belong to the field of non-ferrous metal materials.
Background
In recent years, with the development of automobiles, aerospace and automation industries, the performance requirements of the alloy material are more severe, for example, when the automobile and the automation industry parts are designed, the alloy is required to have high tensile strength and high yield strength at room temperature, and the requirements on the tensile strength and the yield strength at high temperature are also more severe. At present, the application of aluminum alloy in domestic and foreign markets is widely popularized, but common aluminum alloy can not meet the requirements of automobiles and automation industry, and the room-temperature and high-temperature mechanical properties of the aluminum-silicon cast alloy are poor, so that higher requirements are provided for the design of alloy components and processes. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an aluminum-silicon casting alloy having good casting properties and excellent mechanical properties at room temperature and high temperature.
Parts such as automobile air cover cylinders and the like need to be served at a higher temperature, and aging precipitation strengthening phases such as strengthening phases Al2Cu and Mg2Si formed by alloy elements Cu and Mg in Al-Si alloy grow rapidly at a temperature of more than 200 ℃ or are partially dissolved, so that the dislocation pinning effect is reduced, and the mechanical property of the alloy is obviously reduced. Er and Zr are added into the alloy, and Cu and Mg are added together, so that new strengthening phases Al3Er, Al3Zr and Al5Cu2Mg8Si6 are formed in the alloy, and because the strengthening phases can stably exist at 200-400 ℃, the strengthening phases are not easy to coarsen, the strengthening phases can still have a pinning effect on dislocation at high temperature, and the introduction of the new phases can improve the high-temperature heat resistance of the alloy.
In view of the above problems, it is an object of the present invention to provide an Er-containing heat-resistant cast aluminum-silicon alloy and a suitable heat treatment process that provides high room temperature strength and high temperature strength.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is: provides a heat-resistant Al-Si-Cu-Mg-cast aluminum alloy containing Er and a preparation method thereof, and obtains excellent room-temperature tensile property and good high-temperature tensile property.
In order to solve the technical problem of the complaint, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
the Er-containing heat-resistant Al-Si-Cu-Mg alloy is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass: si: 5-8%, Cu: 0.1-2.0%, Mg: 0.2-2.0%, Er: 0.01 to 0.5%, Zr: 0.01-0.5%, and the balance of Al and some inevitable impurities.
Further preferably, the weight percentage is as follows: si: 5.2-7.2%, Cu: 0.3-1.8%, Mg: 0.3-1.6%, Er:0.12 to 0.42%, Zr: 0.12-0.42%, and the balance of Al and some inevitable impurities.
Still more preferably, the weight percentages are: si: 5.8-6.8%, Cu: 0.5-1.6%, Mg: 0.4-1.0%, Er: 0.12-0.28%, Zr: 0.12-0.28%, and the balance of Al and some inevitable impurities. The impurities may be one or more of Fe, Zn, Ti, etc.
A heat treatment process for casting Al-Si-Cu-Mg alloy by adding Er and Zr in a mixed manner comprises the following steps: smelting, solid solution and aging treatment;
the specific smelting steps are as follows: putting pure aluminum, Al-Si, Al-Cu, Al-Er and Al-Zr intermediate alloys and a graphite crucible into a smelting furnace for melting, wherein the smelting temperature is 780 ℃, removing surface floating slag after the intermediate alloys are completely melted, uniformly stirring molten metal by using a stirring rod, setting the furnace temperature to 740-760 ℃, keeping the temperature for 10-30 min, wrapping magnesium blocks with polished surfaces by using aluminum foil paper, pressing the magnesium blocks into the alloy liquid after complete melting by using a bell jar, slowly stirring the molten metal after the magnesium blocks are completely melted, taking out the bell jar, and keeping the temperature for 10-30 min at 710-740 ℃. And (5) casting by using an iron mold, and cooling to room temperature by using water. And (4) carrying out hardness test, alloy composition test and hardness test on different alloys.
The solid solution process comprises the following steps: third-stage solution treatment: the temperature of the first-stage solid solution is 280 ℃, the heat preservation time is 3 hours, the temperature of the second-stage solid solution treatment is 470-510 ℃, the heat preservation time is 1-6 hours, and the temperature of the third-stage solid solution treatment is 530-545 ℃, the heat preservation time is 1-6 hours. The preferable three-stage solution treatment is as follows: 280 ℃/3h +500 ℃/4h +540 ℃/2 h.
The aging process comprises the following steps: the aging temperature is 170-200 ℃, and the aging time is 1-15 h.
The method adopts three-stage solution treatment, the first-stage solution can make the supersaturated Er element in the as-cast alloy precipitated in the form of Al3Er, the size of the supersaturated Er element is 5-10 nm, the second-stage solution can make the intermetallic compound with low melting point dissolve back into the matrix without being calcined, and the third-stage solution can make most of coarse primary phase in the alloy dissolve back into the matrix. Compared with the traditional single-stage solid solution, the three-stage solid solution has greatly improved mechanical properties of the Al-Si-Cu-Mg alloy at room temperature and high temperature. The embodiment shows that the alloy and the heat treatment process of the invention enable the alloy to have excellent room-temperature tensile property and good high-temperature tensile property. The alloy of the invention has important use value in various fields such as automobile industry, civil use and the like. The alloy has the mechanical properties that the tensile strength at room temperature is more than or equal to 370MPa, the yield strength is more than or equal to 310MPa, the tensile strength at high temperature of 300 ℃ is more than or equal to 160MPa, and the yield strength is more than or equal to 150 MPa.
The alloy has excellent casting performance, and after the proper heat treatment process is adopted, the alloy has good room-temperature tensile property and good high-temperature resistance, and the alloy developed by the invention has important use value and is suitable for automobiles and automation industry.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples, and Fe element in the following examples is classified as impurities.
Example 1 (i.e., comparative example)
An Er-containing Al-Si-Cu-Mg alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: si: 6.61%, Cu: 0.10%, Mg: 0.59%, Er: 0.21%, Zr: 0.23%, Fe: 0.15 percent and the balance of Al.
Smelting in a resistance furnace in a laboratory, deslagging and stirring, and pouring molten aluminum into a metal grinding tool to obtain an ingot; carrying out solid solution treatment on the cast ingot, wherein the specific solid solution treatment process comprises the following steps: the first-stage solid solution temperature is 280 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 3 hours; the second stage solid solution temperature is 530 ℃, the temperature is kept for 3h, and water quenching is carried out at 30 ℃. The alloy obtained by the solution treatment is subjected to single-stage aging treatment, and the specific aging treatment process comprises the following steps: the aging temperature is 170 ℃, and the air cooling is carried out to the room temperature after the heat preservation is carried out for 3 hours. And testing the tensile property of the sample at room temperature and at high temperature according to the GB/T228.1-2010 standard, wherein the results of room temperature tensile tests are shown in a table I, and the results of high temperature tensile tests are shown in a table II.
Example 2
The alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 6.34 wt.% of Si, 0.68 wt.% of Cu, 0.64 wt.% of Mg, 0.18 wt.% of Er, 0.16 wt.% of Zr, Fe: 0.19 percent and the balance of Al.
Referring to the smelting and casting method in the same conditions in example 1, the ingot was subjected to solution treatment, and the specific solution treatment process was: the first-stage solid solution temperature is 280 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 3 hours; the second-stage solid solution temperature is 500 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 4 hours; the third stage solid solution temperature is 540 ℃, the temperature is kept for 2h, and water quenching is carried out at 30 ℃. The alloy obtained by the solution treatment is subjected to single-stage aging treatment, and the specific aging treatment process comprises the following steps: the aging temperature is 180 ℃, the temperature is kept for 10 hours, and then the air cooling is carried out to the room temperature. And (3) performing a room-temperature and 300-DEG C high-temperature tensile test on the alloy after the heat treatment, wherein the room-temperature tensile test result is shown in a table I, and the high-temperature tensile test result is shown in a table II.
The alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 6.34 wt.% of Si, 0.68 wt.% of Cu, 0.64 wt.% of Mg, 0.18 wt.% of Er, 0.16 wt.% of Zr, Fe: 0.19 percent and the balance of Al.
Referring to the smelting and casting method in the same conditions in example 1, the ingot was subjected to solution treatment, and the specific solution treatment process was: the first-stage solid solution temperature is 280 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 3 hours; the second-stage solid solution temperature is 500 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 4 hours; the third stage solid solution temperature is 540 ℃, the temperature is kept for 2h, and water quenching is carried out at 30 ℃. And (3) carrying out aging treatment on the alloy obtained by the solution treatment: the aging temperature is 190 ℃, the temperature is kept for 10 hours, and then the air cooling is carried out to the room temperature. The alloy after heat treatment is subjected to a room temperature tensile test, and the room temperature tensile test result is shown in the table I.
Example 4
The alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 6.57 wt.% of Si, 1.11 wt.% of Cu, 0.58 wt.% of Mg, 0.12 wt.% of Er, 0.14 wt.% of Zr, Fe: 0.18 percent and the balance of Al.
Referring to the smelting and casting method in the same conditions in example 1, the ingot was subjected to solution treatment, and the specific solution treatment process was: the first-stage solid solution temperature is 280 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 3 hours; the second-stage solid solution temperature is 500 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 4 hours; the third stage solid solution temperature is 540 ℃, the temperature is kept for 2h, and water quenching is carried out at 30 ℃. And (3) carrying out aging treatment on the alloy obtained by the solution treatment: the aging temperature is 180 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 12h and then the air cooling is carried out to the room temperature. And (3) performing a room-temperature and 300-DEG C high-temperature tensile test on the alloy after the heat treatment, wherein the room-temperature tensile test result is shown in a table I, and the high-temperature tensile test result is shown in a table II.
Example 5
The alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 6.57 wt.% of Si, 1.11 wt.% of Cu, 0.58 wt.% of Mg, 0.12 wt.% of Er, 0.14 wt.% of Zr, Fe: 0.18 percent and the balance of Al.
Referring to the smelting and casting method in the same conditions in example 1, the ingot was subjected to solution treatment, and the specific solution treatment process was: the first-stage solid solution temperature is 280 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 3 hours; the second-stage solid solution temperature is 500 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 4 hours; the third stage solid solution temperature is 540 ℃, the temperature is kept for 2h, and water quenching is carried out at 30 ℃. And (3) carrying out aging treatment on the alloy obtained by the solution treatment: the aging temperature is 190 ℃, the temperature is kept for 10 hours, and then the air cooling is carried out to the room temperature. The alloy after heat treatment is subjected to a room temperature tensile test, and the room temperature tensile test result is shown in the table I.
Example 6
The alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 6.46 wt.% of Si, 1.51 wt.% of Cu, 0.56 wt.% of Mg, 0.17 wt.% of Er, 0.18 wt.% of Zr, Fe: 0.18 percent and the balance of Al.
Referring to the smelting and casting method in the same conditions in example 1, the ingot was subjected to solution treatment, and the specific solution treatment process was: the first-stage solid solution temperature is 280 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 3 hours; the second-stage solid solution temperature is 500 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 4 hours; the third stage solid solution temperature is 540 ℃, the temperature is kept for 2h, and water quenching is carried out at 30 ℃. The alloy obtained by the solution treatment is subjected to single-stage aging treatment, and the specific aging treatment process comprises the following steps: the aging temperature is 180 ℃, the temperature is kept for 10 hours, and then the air cooling is carried out to the room temperature. And (3) performing a room-temperature and 300-DEG C high-temperature tensile test on the alloy after the heat treatment, wherein the room-temperature tensile test result is shown in a table I, and the high-temperature tensile test result is shown in a table II.
Example 7
The alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 6.46 wt.% of Si, 1.51 wt.% of Cu, 0.56 wt.% of Mg, 0.17 wt.% of Er, 0.18 wt.% of Zr, Fe: 0.18 percent and the balance of Al.
Referring to the smelting and casting method in the same conditions in example 1, the ingot was subjected to solution treatment, and the specific solution treatment process was: the first-stage solid solution temperature is 280 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 3 hours; the second-stage solid solution temperature is 500 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 4 hours; the third stage solid solution temperature is 540 ℃, the temperature is kept for 2h, and water quenching is carried out at 30 ℃. The alloy obtained by the solution treatment is subjected to single-stage aging treatment, and the specific aging treatment process comprises the following steps: the aging temperature is 190 ℃, the temperature is kept for 6 hours, and then the air cooling is carried out to the room temperature. The alloy after heat treatment is subjected to a room temperature tensile test, and the room temperature tensile test result is shown in the table I.
The compositions and properties of the heat-resistant aluminum alloy prepared by the invention and the prior ZL101A aluminum alloy are shown in the third table and the fourth table.
TABLE-tensile test results at Room temperature
TABLE II high-temperature tensile test results
Comparison of compositions of aluminum alloys in Table III and ZL101A
TABLE IV ZL101A comparison of aluminum alloy Performance
It can be seen from example 6 that the alloys of the present invention have good room temperature and high temperature tensile properties in the cast aluminum silicon system. The alloy of the invention has tensile strength of 364MPa at room temperature, 16 percent higher than ZL101A, yield strength of 319MPa at room temperature, 35.7 percent higher than ZL101A, 168MPa at high temperature at 300 ℃, 32.3 percent higher than ZL101A at 250 ℃, 155MPa at high temperature and 31.4 percent higher than ZL101A at 250 ℃.
Compared with the example 1, the comparison of the example 6 and the example 1 shows that the tensile strength of the alloy of the example 6 is 364MPa, which is improved by 32.8 percent compared with the example 1, the room-temperature yield strength is 319MPa, which is improved by 37.7 percent compared with the example 1, the high-temperature tensile strength at 300 ℃ is 168MPa, which is improved by 95.3 percent compared with the example 1, and the high-temperature yield strength is 155MPa, which is improved by 103.9 percent compared with the example 1 by adopting the heat treatment process of component mixing and three-stage solid solution of the alloy of the invention.
The alloy of the invention well solves the problems of insufficient room-temperature tensile property and insufficient mechanical property at high temperature of cast aluminum-silicon alloy.
Claims (7)
1. The Er-containing heat-resistant Al-Si-Cu-Mg alloy is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass: si: 5-8%, Cu: 0.1-2.0%, Mg: 0.2-2.0%, Er: 0.01 to 0.5%, Zr: 0.01-0.5%, Fe: 0.01-0.3%, and the balance of Al and some inevitable impurities.
2. The Er-containing heat-resistant Al-Si-Cu-Mg alloy according to claim 1, wherein the alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: si: 5.2-7.2%, Cu: 0.3-1.8%, Mg: 0.3-1.6%, Er:0.12 to 0.42%, Zr: 0.12-0.42%, and the balance of Al and some inevitable impurities.
3. The Er-containing heat-resistant Al-Si-Cu-Mg alloy according to claim 1, wherein the alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: si: 5.8-6.8%, Cu: 0.5-1.6%, Mg: 0.4-1.0%, Er: 0.12-0.28%, Zr: 0.12-0.28%, and the balance of Al and some inevitable impurities.
4. The method for preparing the Er-containing heat-resistant Al-Si-Cu-Mg alloy according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the method comprises the steps of smelting, solution treatment and aging treatment;
the specific smelting steps are as follows: putting pure aluminum, Al-Si, Al-Cu, Al-Er and Al-Zr intermediate alloys and a graphite crucible into a smelting furnace for melting, wherein the smelting temperature is 780 ℃, removing surface scum after the intermediate alloys are completely melted, uniformly stirring molten metal by using a stirring rod, setting the furnace temperature to be 740-760 ℃, keeping the temperature for 10-30 min, wrapping magnesium blocks with polished surfaces by using aluminum foil paper, pressing the magnesium blocks into the alloy liquid after complete melting by using a bell jar, slowly stirring the molten metal after the magnesium blocks are completely melted, taking out the bell jar, and keeping the temperature for 10-30 min at 710-740 ℃; casting by using an iron mold, and cooling to room temperature by using water;
the solid solution process comprises the following steps: third-stage solution treatment: the temperature of the first-stage solid solution is 280 ℃, the heat preservation time is 3 hours, the temperature of the second-stage solid solution treatment is 470-510 ℃, the heat preservation time is 1-6 hours, and the temperature of the third-stage solid solution treatment is 530-545 ℃, the heat preservation time is 1-6 hours;
the aging process comprises the following steps: the aging temperature is 170-200 ℃, and the aging time is 1-15 h.
5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that the tertiary solution treatment is: 280 ℃/3h +500 ℃/4h +540 ℃/2 h.
6. The method of claim 4 or 5, wherein the primary solid solution treatment is performed in three stages, wherein the primary solid solution treatment is performed in such a manner that the supersaturated Er element in the as-cast alloy is precipitated as Al3Er, the size of the Er element is 5-10 nm, the secondary solid solution treatment is performed in such a manner that the intermetallic compound with low melting point is dissolved back into the matrix without being calcined, and the tertiary solid solution treatment is performed in such a manner that most coarse primary phases in the alloy are dissolved back into the matrix.
7. The method as claimed in claim 4 or 5, wherein the alloy has a tensile strength of 370MPa or more at room temperature, a yield strength of 310MPa or more, a tensile strength of 160MPa or more at 300 ℃ and a yield strength of 150MPa or more.
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| CN117488148A (en) * | 2024-01-03 | 2024-02-02 | 魏桥(苏州)轻量化研究院有限公司 | Cast aluminum alloy and preparation method and application thereof |
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