CN112918325B - Method for realizing kinetic energy recovery by completely relying on lithium battery - Google Patents
Method for realizing kinetic energy recovery by completely relying on lithium battery Download PDFInfo
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- CN112918325B CN112918325B CN202110321472.7A CN202110321472A CN112918325B CN 112918325 B CN112918325 B CN 112918325B CN 202110321472 A CN202110321472 A CN 202110321472A CN 112918325 B CN112918325 B CN 112918325B
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- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 71
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/12—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
- B60L58/15—Preventing overcharging
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
- B60L3/0023—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
- B60L3/0046—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to electric energy storage systems, e.g. batteries or capacitors
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L7/00—Electrodynamic brake systems for vehicles in general
- B60L7/10—Dynamic electric regenerative braking
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for realizing kinetic energy recovery by completely relying on a lithium battery, which comprises the following specific steps: step one: the kinetic energy is recovered in the low-voltage stage, and the protection value is set to be slightly higher than the over-discharge value of the battery cell; step two: the kinetic energy recovery in the high-pressure stage generates capacity redundancy through setting overcharge; step three: releasing the overcharging state by a method of identifying the discharge current; step four: practical application examples; step five: the kinetic energy recovery in the rest stage is carried out in a conventional charging mode. The method for realizing kinetic energy recovery by completely relying on the lithium battery can realize the whole-course barrier-free kinetic energy recovery of the lithium battery pack without increasing extra hardware cost, and the method for realizing the same by adopting the full charge protection and the single overvoltage protection simultaneously ensures the overvoltage safety risk of the battery pack greatly, and provides safety protection even under extreme abnormal conditions.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of program control methods applied to lithium battery management systems, in particular to a method for realizing kinetic energy recovery by completely relying on a lithium battery.
Background
The Chinese patent No. CN106976401A discloses a graphene lithium battery super capacitor dual-energy control method and system, although the super capacitor charging is mentioned to recover energy for improving the endurance capacity of an electric automobile, the problems of electric quantity recovery, efficiency improvement and battery life improvement still exist, the traditional kinetic energy recovery system cannot fully rely on a lithium battery to absorb braking energy, various factors exist, the high-current charging in a low-voltage stage has great influence on the service life and safety of a battery core, if the current limiting or the energy release device is used for solving the problem of great loss of energy, the conventional lithium battery management system can set up single-body overvoltage protection to inhibit continuous charging, all single-body overvoltage recovery is used for relieving charge inhibition, so that the kinetic energy recovery in the single-body voltage range directly fails, if no energy release device is used at the moment, the kinetic energy recovery fails, the controller generates high-voltage protection, the motor is locked, the trolley is stopped at a higher descending speed, and even the safety risk exists;
the existing method for realizing the kinetic energy recovery of the lithium battery needs to carry out a trickle charge mode when the battery voltage is low, the battery state cannot be taken care of, and the conventional fully charged lithium battery system is easy to cause the failure of the kinetic energy recovery because the monomer voltage does not reach the condition of recovering the charge.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for realizing kinetic energy recovery by completely relying on a lithium battery, so as to solve the problems that the conventional method for realizing kinetic energy recovery by the lithium battery needs to carry out a trickle charge mode when the battery voltage is low, the battery state cannot be taken into consideration, and the conventional fully charged lithium battery system is easy to cause failure in kinetic energy recovery because the monomer voltage does not reach the condition of recovering charge.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: the method for realizing the kinetic energy recovery completely by the lithium battery comprises the following specific steps:
Step one: the kinetic energy is recovered in the low-voltage stage, and the protection value is set to be slightly higher than the over-discharge value of the battery cell;
Step two: the kinetic energy recovery in the high-pressure stage generates capacity redundancy through setting overcharge;
Step three: releasing the overcharging state by a method of identifying the discharge current;
Step four: practical application examples;
step five: the kinetic energy recovery in the rest stage is carried out in a conventional charging mode.
Preferably, the protection value in the first step is set as follows:
And the kinetic energy recovery in the low-voltage stage is performed, the protection value is set to be slightly higher than the over-discharge value of the battery cell to eliminate the influence of the high current charging at the moment to be higher than 2.8V, the shallow discharge of the battery cell is kept, and the influence of the kinetic energy recovery in the low-voltage stage on the battery cell is solved.
Preferably, the purpose of generating capacity redundancy by setting the overcharge in the high-pressure stage in the second step is that: the method ensures that each condition judgment value in the method is effective, analyzes the CV curve and the kinetic energy recovery current curve of the charger, reserves capacity, and judges the program as follows:
S1: simultaneously, the total pressure is larger than a set value;
S2: the cut-off current is smaller than the set value;
s3: the delay time is equal to the set point.
Preferably, the specific method for generating capacity redundancy by setting overcharge of the kinetic energy recovery in the high-pressure stage is as follows:
A1: note the fluctuation characteristic curves of the current magnitude, duration and other data of the battery pack during scene kinetic energy recovery;
A2: the values of voltage, current and duration are avoided from the fluctuation characteristic, and the proper residual capacity is not generated in the traditional overvoltage protection.
Preferably, the determination method for releasing the overcharge state in the third step is as follows: when the discharging current is larger than the set value and the static standby current of the trolley is smaller than 2A, the current state of disconnection of the charger can be judged by judging that the discharging current is larger than 2A, the trolley is confirmed to be in a working state, the overvoltage protection state is timely released, and charging is allowed.
Preferably, the practical application in the fourth step is as follows:
And (3) a step of: controlling the overcharge value of the monomer to be 4.2V, the recovery value to be 4.05V, the overdischarge value to be 2.8V and the recovery value to be 3.0V in a program;
And II: judging and setting up full charge conditions by increasing a program according to a kinetic energy recovery current curve and a charger constant voltage stage current curve, wherein the total voltage is more than 53.8V, the cut-off current is less than 4A, the full charge protection is continuously carried out for 5S, a charging MOS or a charging relay is closed, and a lithium battery management system is in an overcharging state;
Thirdly,: the releasing condition is set to be that all the monomers are lower than 4.05V or have discharge current more than 3A, the charging overcurrent threshold of the auxiliary condition is set to be 30A, the time delay is 8S, and the surge current is filtered.
Preferably, the conventional charging method in the fifth step is implemented by a lithium battery, and the working process is as follows:
SS1, overcharge detection voltage: in a normal state, vdd is gradually increased to Vdd-VSS voltage when the CO terminal is changed from high level to low level;
SS2, overcharge release voltage: in a charged state, vdd gradually decreases to Vdd-VSS voltage when the CO terminal changes from low level to high level;
SS3, charger detection voltage: in the overdischarge state, the VM gradually falls to a VM-VSS voltage when DO changes from low to high at 0V.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the method for realizing kinetic energy recovery by completely relying on the lithium battery, the kinetic energy recovery of the trolley can be realized in a whole-course barrier-free manner without adding extra hardware cost;
The method for realizing kinetic energy recovery by completely relying on the lithium battery adopts a mode of coexistence of full charge protection and single overvoltage protection, greatly guarantees the overvoltage safety risk of the battery pack, and provides safety protection even under extreme abnormal conditions.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a control method workflow diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a charging circuit of a conventional hardware single-string lithium battery protection board;
Fig. 3 is a graph of current ripple of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Referring to fig. 1-3, the present invention provides a technical solution: the method for realizing the kinetic energy recovery completely by the lithium battery comprises the following specific steps:
Step one: the kinetic energy is recovered in the low-voltage stage, and the protection value is set to be slightly higher than the over-discharge value of the battery cell to eliminate the influence of high-current charging at the moment;
Step two: the kinetic energy recovery in the high-pressure stage generates capacity redundancy through setting overcharge;
Step three: releasing the overcharging state by a method of identifying the discharge current;
Step four: practical application examples;
step five: the kinetic energy recovery in the rest stage is carried out in a conventional charging mode.
The protection value setting mode in the first step is as follows:
And the kinetic energy recovery in the low-voltage stage is performed, the protection value is set to be slightly higher than the over-discharge value of the battery cell to eliminate the influence of the high current charging at the moment to be higher than 2.8V, the shallow discharge of the battery cell is kept, and the influence of the kinetic energy recovery in the low-voltage stage on the battery cell is solved.
The purpose of generating capacity redundancy through setting the overcharge is that the kinetic energy recovery in the high-pressure stage in the second step is as follows: the method ensures that each condition judgment value in the method is effective, analyzes the CV curve and the kinetic energy recovery current curve of the charger, reserves capacity, and judges the program as follows:
S1: simultaneously, the total pressure is larger than a set value;
S2: the cut-off current is smaller than the set value;
s3: the delay time is equal to the set point.
The specific method for generating capacity redundancy through setting the overcharge of the kinetic energy recovery in the high-pressure stage is as follows:
A1: note the fluctuation characteristic curves of the current magnitude, duration and other data of the battery pack during scene kinetic energy recovery;
A2: the values of voltage, current and duration are avoided from the fluctuation characteristic, meanwhile, the proper residual capacity is not generated in the traditional overvoltage protection, and the following graph (figure 3) is a current fluctuation curve when the 48V ternary lithium battery is adopted for kinetic energy recovery, and mainly the highest current value and the maintenance time, and the low current and the maintenance time are seen.
The determination mode for releasing the overcharge state in the third step is as follows: when the discharging current is larger than the set value and the static standby current of the trolley is smaller than 2A, the current state of disconnection of the charger can be judged by judging that the discharging current is larger than 2A, the trolley is confirmed to be in a working state, the overvoltage protection state is timely released, and charging is allowed.
The practical application example in the fourth step is as follows:
And (3) a step of: controlling the overcharge value of the monomer to be 4.2V, the recovery value to be 4.05V, the overdischarge value to be 2.8V and the recovery value to be 3.0V in a program;
And II: judging and setting up full charge conditions by increasing a program according to a kinetic energy recovery current curve and a charger constant voltage stage current curve, wherein the total voltage is more than 53.8V, the cut-off current is less than 4A, the full charge protection is continuously carried out for 5S, a charging MOS or a charging relay is closed, and a lithium battery management system is in an overcharging state;
Thirdly,: the releasing condition is set to be that all the monomers are lower than 4.05V or have discharge current more than 3A, the charging overcurrent threshold of the auxiliary condition is set to be 30A, the time delay is 8S, and the surge current is filtered.
The conventional charging method in the fifth step is implemented by a lithium battery, and the common lithium battery protection board generally includes a control IC, a MOS switch, a resistor, a capacitor, an auxiliary device FUSE, PTC, NTC, ID, a memory, and the like, where the control IC controls the MOS switch to be turned on under all normal conditions, so that the battery core is turned on with an external circuit, and when the voltage or the loop current of the battery core exceeds a specified value, it immediately controls the MOS switch to be turned off, so as to protect the safety of the battery core. Under the normal condition of the protection plate, vdd is high level, vss, VM is low level, DO and CO are high level, when any parameter of Vdd, vss and VM is changed, the level of DO or CO terminal is changed, and the working process is as follows:
SS1, overcharge detection voltage: in a normal state, vdd is gradually increased to Vdd-VSS voltage when the CO terminal is changed from high level to low level;
SS2, overcharge release voltage: in a charged state, vdd gradually decreases to Vdd-VSS voltage when the CO terminal changes from low level to high level;
SS3, charger detection voltage: in the overdischarge state, the VM gradually falls to a VM-VSS voltage when DO changes from low to high at 0V.
Through the technical scheme: the method for realizing kinetic energy recovery by completely relying on the lithium battery can realize the whole-course barrier-free kinetic energy recovery of the lithium battery pack without increasing extra hardware cost, simultaneously adopts a mode of coexistence of full charge protection and single overvoltage protection, greatly ensures the overvoltage safety risk of the battery pack, and provides safety protection even under extreme abnormal conditions.
Working principle: for the method for realizing the kinetic energy recovery by completely relying on the lithium battery, firstly, the kinetic energy recovery in the low-voltage stage is carried out, the protection value is set to be slightly higher than the over-discharge value of the battery cell to eliminate the influence of the high-current charging at the moment, the kinetic energy recovery in the low-voltage stage is set to be slightly higher than the over-discharge value of the battery cell to eliminate the influence of the high-current charging at the moment and to be higher than 2.8V, the battery cell is kept to be shallow-discharged, the influence of the high-current on the battery cell in the low-voltage stage is solved, then the kinetic energy recovery in the high-voltage stage generates capacity redundancy through setting the over-charge value, the purpose of ensuring that all condition judgment values in the method are effective, analyzing the fluctuation characteristic curves of the data such as the current size, the duration and the like of a battery pack during the scene kinetic energy recovery is carried out, the charger CV curve and the kinetic energy recovery capacity is reserved, the voltage, current and duration values avoid the fluctuation characteristic, the left proper residual capacity can not generate traditional overvoltage protection, the quantity of the standby current of the trolley is mainly determined by adopting the discharge current to be larger than the set value, for example, the static standby current of the trolley is smaller than 2A, the current state of disconnection of the charger can be judged by judging that the discharge current is larger than 2A, the trolley is confirmed to be in a working state, the timely overvoltage protection relieving state is realized, the charging is allowed, the monomer overcharge value is controlled to be 4.2V, the recovery value is controlled to be 4.05V, the overdischarge value is controlled to be 2.8V, the recovery value is controlled to be 3.0V, then the full charge condition is judged and set according to the kinetic energy recovery current curve and the charger constant voltage stage current curve by the program, the total voltage is larger than 53.8V, the cut-off current is smaller than 4A, the full charge protection is continuously carried out for 5S, the charging MOS or the charging relay is closed, the lithium battery management system is set in an overcharged state, the releasing condition is set to be that all the monomers are lower than 4.05V or discharge current higher than 3A is available, the charging overcurrent threshold of the auxiliary condition is set to be 30A, the time is delayed to be 8S, surge current is filtered, the kinetic energy recovery in other stages is carried out in a conventional charging mode, and then the whole kinetic energy recovery is free from obstacle, so that the kinetic energy recovery is completed in the whole working process and the whole stage of the lithium battery without obstacle, the kinetic energy recovery of the trolley in the whole process of the lithium battery can be realized without adding additional hardware cost, meanwhile, the overvoltage safety risk of the battery is greatly ensured by adopting a mode of coexistence of full charge protection and single overvoltage protection, and the safety protection is also provided even under extreme abnormal conditions.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made therein without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (1)
1. A method for realizing kinetic energy recovery by completely relying on a lithium battery is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method for realizing kinetic energy recovery by completely relying on the lithium battery comprises the following specific steps:
Step one: the kinetic energy is recovered in the low-voltage stage, and the protection value is set to be slightly higher than the over-discharge value of the battery cell;
Step two: the kinetic energy recovery in the high-pressure stage generates capacity redundancy through setting overcharge;
Step three: releasing the overcharging state by a method of identifying the discharge current;
Step four: practical application examples;
Step five: the kinetic energy recovery at other stages is carried out in a conventional charging mode;
The protection value setting mode in the first step is as follows:
The kinetic energy recovery at the low-voltage stage is performed, the protection value is set to be slightly higher than the over-discharge value of the battery cell to eliminate the influence of the high current charging at the moment to be higher than 2.8V, the shallow discharge of the battery cell is kept, and the influence of the kinetic energy recovery at the low-voltage stage on the battery cell is solved;
The purpose of generating capacity redundancy through setting the overcharge is that the kinetic energy recovery in the high-pressure stage in the second step is as follows: the method ensures that each condition judgment value in the method is effective, analyzes the CV curve and the kinetic energy recovery current curve of the charger, reserves capacity, and judges the program as follows:
S1: simultaneously, the total pressure is larger than a set value;
S2: the cut-off current is smaller than the set value;
s3: the delay is equal to the set value;
The determination mode for releasing the overcharge state in the third step is as follows: when the discharging current is larger than the set value and the static standby current of the trolley is smaller than 2A, the current state of disconnection of the charger can be judged by judging that the discharging current is larger than 2A, the trolley is confirmed to be in a working state, the overvoltage protection state is timely released, and charging is allowed;
The practical application in the fourth step is exemplified as follows:
And (3) a step of: controlling the overcharge value of the monomer to be 4.2V, the recovery value to be 4.05V, the overdischarge value to be 2.8V and the recovery value to be 3.0V in a program;
And II: judging and setting up full charge conditions by increasing a program according to a kinetic energy recovery current curve and a charger constant voltage stage current curve, wherein the total voltage is more than 53.8V, the cut-off current is less than 4A, the full charge protection is continuously carried out for 5S, a charging MOS or a charging relay is closed, and a lithium battery management system is in an overcharging state;
Thirdly,: the releasing condition is set to be that all the monomers are lower than 4.05V or have discharge current more than 3A, the charging overcurrent threshold of the auxiliary condition is set to be 30A, the time delay is 8S, and surge current is filtered;
In the fifth step, the conventional charging method is implemented by a lithium battery, vdd is high level, vss, VM is low level, DO and CO are high level under the condition that the protection plate is normal, when any parameter of Vdd, vss and VM is changed, the level of DO or CO terminal is changed, and the working process is as follows:
SS1, overcharge detection voltage: in a normal state, vdd is gradually increased to Vdd-VSS voltage when the CO terminal is changed from high level to low level;
SS2, overcharge release voltage: in a charged state, vdd gradually decreases to Vdd-VSS voltage when the CO terminal changes from low level to high level;
SS3, charger detection voltage: in the overdischarge state, the VM gradually falls to a VM-VSS voltage when DO changes from low to high at 0V.
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