CN112872724A - Bearing raceway precise progressive precise forming grinding machining method based on ELID grinding - Google Patents
Bearing raceway precise progressive precise forming grinding machining method based on ELID grinding Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开一种基于ELID磨削的轴承滚道精准递进精密成形磨削加工方法，该方法实现了轴承滚道“精准递进”精密成型加工。首先利用数控系统，实现电火花加工用铜极在位精密车削成型；之后利用电火花加工技术，以去离子水做介质，实现对金属结合剂砂轮电火花精密修形；最后利用ELID磨削系统，对砂轮在位预修锐，在线电解修锐，使金属结合剂砂轮在磨削去除过程中始终保持良好的锋利性，从而实现轴承滚道精密成型加工。本方法可以使轴承滚道获得高压应力值的已加工表面，保证加工表面质量和精度具有高一致性，提高轴承寿命和加工效率。
The invention discloses an ELID grinding-based precision progressive precision forming grinding method for the bearing raceway, which realizes the "precise progressive" precision forming processing of the bearing raceway. First, the numerical control system is used to realize the in-situ precision turning of copper electrodes for EDM; then, the EDM technology is used to realize the precision trimming of the metal bond grinding wheel with deionized water as the medium; finally, the ELID grinding system is used. , Pre-sharpen the grinding wheel in place, and online electrolytic sharpening, so that the metal bond grinding wheel always maintains a good sharpness during the grinding and removal process, so as to realize the precision forming of the bearing raceway. The method can enable the bearing raceway to obtain a machined surface with a high pressure stress value, ensure high consistency in the quality and precision of the machined surface, and improve the bearing life and machining efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a bearing raceway precise progressive precise forming grinding machining method based on ELID grinding, and belongs to the field of precise and ultra-precise machining.
Background
The bearing is used as a key mechanical part which is precise and difficult to process in the mechanical industry, and is widely applied to various fields of industry, transportation, agriculture, national defense and the like. It is shown by relevant research analysis that of all mechanical equipment failures, about 30% are caused by bearing failure in rotating parts and about 80% fail due to ferrule raceway contact fatigue.
In the traditional bearing raceway processing technology, the processing steps are as follows: turning for shaping, heat treatment, grinding and oilstone ultra-fine grinding. The traditional high-precision bearing has complex processing steps. Due to the characteristics of high strength and high hardness of the bearing steel, abrasive particles of the grinding wheel are seriously abraded in the grinding stage of the traditional processing, and the grinding wheel is blocked by abrasive dust, so that the grinding force and the grinding heat are increased, the surface pressure stress of the bearing ring is reduced, and the service life is seriously influenced. In the final stage of the oilstone superfinishing, the oilstone has large size change, so that the problem of poor surface quality of a processed product is caused, and the performance of a part is directly influenced. The processing defects become a bottleneck for the development of the bearing manufacturing industry in China.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the traditional processing method, based on an ELID (metal bond grinding wheel on-line electrolytic dressing) grinding mechanism, the invention provides a bearing raceway precise progressive precise forming grinding processing method based on ELID grinding. The method can keep the shape precision of the metal-based grinding wheel unchanged for a long time in the precision forming grinding process, simultaneously, the online dressing can keep the grinding wheel in a good grinding state in the grinding process, the grinding force is reduced, and the grinding heat is reduced, so that the machined surface with a high pressure stress value is obtained, and the quality and the precision of the machined surface have higher consistency. Meanwhile, the method replaces oilstone grinding with precision forming grinding, reduces working procedures, reduces cost and improves the processing quality and precision of the bearing raceway. The bottleneck that the consistency of the bearing roller paths is difficult to guarantee in the background can be solved, and the high-precision, high-quality and high-consistency batch processing of the high-end bearing is realized.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a bearing raceway precision forming grinding machining method based on ELID grinding is realized as follows.
Firstly, a clamping reference surface of the bearing ring on the electromagnetic chuck is determined. An end face grinding wheel (resin bond corundum grinding wheel) fixed on a machine tool is adopted to carry out on-site grinding processing on the end face of the electromagnetic chuck, and the ground end face is used as a clamping reference surface;
and secondly, carrying out precise numerical control turning on the copper electrode for electric spark modification. The electric spark electrode is precisely turned by numerical control turning to meet the requirement of precise electric spark forming with curve profile precision less than 5 μm.
Thirdly, precisely shaping the metal bond grinding wheel by adopting an electric spark machining method. Deionized water is used as an electric spark machining liquid, a copper electrode which is machined by precise numerical control turning is used as a shape correction electrode, and in-place electric spark precise shape correction is carried out on the metal-based grinding wheel, so that the profile precision of the grinding wheel reaches about 2 mu m.
Fourthly, the grinding surface of the metal-based grinding wheel is pre-sharpened. Electrolytic pre-dressing is carried out on the surface of the grinding wheel for a plurality of minutes by adopting an ELID grinding process system (comprising a power supply, a metal-based grinding wheel, electrolytic grinding fluid and an electrolytic electrode), and the pre-dressing is finished when the electrolytic current tends to be stable.
Fifthly, performing ELID precision forming grinding on the bearing ring raceway. An iron-based grinding wheel with the granularity of 240-W40 is selected, the single feeding amount is 2-5 mu m, and the workpiece is precisely ground by the ELID grinding process system 1. Obtaining the workpiece with the dimensional accuracy less than 5 mu m.
Sixthly, an ELID grinding process system 2 (which is positioned on the same platform and is parallel to the axis of the ELID precision forming grinding process system 1) is adopted to carry out ELID ultra-precision forming grinding on the bearing ring raceway. A grinding wheel with the granularity of W28-W5 is selected, the single feeding amount is 1 mu m, and the workpiece is subjected to ultra-precise grinding processing through an ELID grinding process system 2. And finally, carrying out 3s of polishing, and carrying out non-pressure grinding and polishing composite processing on the processed surface through the passive film coated on the surface of the grinding wheel.
And seventhly, detecting the machined bearing rings in small batches. And (4) detecting the products in batches by adopting a bearing measuring instrument, and determining the consistency level of the bearing rings.
The method is a new method and a new process for the precise forming and grinding processing of the bearing raceway, which are developed on the basis of ELID grinding technology as theory. The ELID grinding technology is characterized in that in the grinding process, the dynamic balance of an oxide insulating layer on the surface layer of a grinding wheel on the electrolytic inhibition effect is formed by utilizing the nonlinear electrolytic effect and a metal binding agent, the grinding wheel is subjected to continuous nondestructive sharpening, the abrasive particles of the grinding wheel obtain constant protrusion amount, meanwhile, the size of the grinding wheel is slightly influenced by the ionic electrolytic effect, the size precision of the grinding wheel can be kept unchanged for a long time, the stable, controllable and optimal grinding process can be realized, and the ultra-precise grinding processing requirement is met. The ELID grinding technology has the advantages that the shape precision retentivity of the grinding wheel is good, the sharpening process is online and continuous, the micro-fine removal of the machined surface can be realized, the grinding force is small, the generated grinding heat is less, the machined surface with a high pressure stress value can be obtained, and the quality and the precision of the machined surface have higher consistency. The ELID grinding technology is applied to the bearing raceway precision forming grinding machining, and the precision progressive grinding machining between the bearing raceway precision machining and the ultra-precision machining can be realized. The method replaces oilstone grinding with precision forming grinding, reduces the oilstone super-fine grinding process in the traditional processing, improves the precision and reduces the cost.
The grinding wheel granularity, the concentration, the electrolytic dressing speed of the grinding wheel, the abrasion speed of abrasive particles and the feeding precision of a machine tool are optimally combined, so that the micro-fine removal of the processed surface can be realized; through the quantitative accumulation of 'fine removal', the constancy of progressive magnitude between two procedures of bearing raceway precision and ultra-precision machining and the accurate progressive removal of procedure allowance, namely the accurate progressive precision forming grinding machining of ELID grinding, can be realized.
The invention has the advantages that:
the method can carry out precise and ultra-precise grinding processing on the bearing ring raceway on the same platform, and reduces the accumulated errors generated by secondary clamping and oilstone grinding ultra-precise processing in the traditional processing. In the processing process, the shape precision retentivity of the grinding wheel is good, the sharpening process of the grinding wheel is online and continuous, fine removal can be realized, the generated grinding force is small, the grinding heat is less, the processed surface with a high pressure stress value can be obtained, and the consistency of the quality and the precision of the processed surface is ensured. The precise forming grinding replaces oilstone grinding, so that the processes are reduced, the cost is reduced, and the precision is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a bearing raceway precise progressive precise forming grinding machining process based on ELID grinding.
FIG. 2 shows a standard sample piece with a compressive stress value as high as 850MPa and a dimensional accuracy of 2um, which is processed by adopting an ELID-based grinding bearing raceway precise progressive precise forming grinding processing method.
FIG. 3 shows a batch of high-quality, high-precision and high-consistency sample pieces processed by the ELID grinding bearing raceway precise progressive precision forming grinding processing method.
Detailed Description
The following describes the embodiments of the present invention in detail with reference to the technical solutions.
The sample pieces selected by the embodiment are as follows: 685CE deep groove ball bearing inner ring.
The processing equipment is as follows: the self-developed precision progressive ELID precision forming and grinding processing experimental platform.
And moving the electromagnetic chuck for clamping the ferrule to the position where the end face grinding bowl-shaped grinding wheel fixed on the experiment platform is located through a numerical control system, and grinding the clamping end face of the electromagnetic chuck, wherein the removal amount is about 2 um. The end face is used as a clamping base face of the ferrule.
And controlling the copper electrode for electric spark machining to move to the position of a turning tool on the experimental platform through a numerical control system, and carrying out precise numerical control turning on the copper electrode to obtain the electric spark machining electrode with the size precision of 2 um.
And (3) moving the turned copper electrode to a No. 240 iron-based diamond grinding wheel under the control of a numerical control system, and keeping the gap between the surface of the copper electrode and the machined surface of the grinding wheel to be about 4 mu m. Deionized water is used as an electric spark machining liquid, a copper electrode is used as a machining electrode for electric spark dressing, and the in-situ precise dressing is carried out on the No. 240 iron-based diamond grinding wheel: firstly, roughly trimming the grinding wheel by adopting the electric spark machining process parameters that the rotating speed of the grinding wheel is 1100r/min, the rotating speed of the copper pole is 500r/min, the grinding wheel and the copper pole rotate in opposite directions, and the discharge current is 10A; and then, adjusting the rotating speed of the grinding wheel to be 800r/min, the rotating speed of the copper electrode to be 450r/min, reversely rotating the grinding wheel and the copper electrode, and carrying out fine modification on the grinding wheel by using the electric spark machining process parameters with the discharge current of 4A to obtain the precision forming grinding wheel with the dimensional precision smaller than 2 mu m.
And (3) moving the turned copper electrode to a W10 iron-based diamond grinding wheel under the control of a numerical control system, and keeping the gap between the surface of the copper electrode and the machined surface of the grinding wheel to be about 3 mu m. Deionized water is used as electric spark machining liquid, a copper electrode is used as a machining electrode for electric spark dressing, and the W10 iron-based diamond grinding wheel is subjected to in-situ precise dressing: firstly, roughly trimming the grinding wheel by adopting the electric spark machining process parameters that the rotating speed of the grinding wheel is 1100r/min, the rotating speed of the copper pole is 500r/min, the grinding wheel and the copper pole rotate in opposite directions, and the discharge current is 8A; and then, adjusting the rotating speed of the grinding wheel to be 800r/min, the rotating speed of the copper electrode to be 450r/min, reversely rotating the grinding wheel and the copper electrode, and carrying out fine modification on the grinding wheel by using the electric spark machining process parameters with the discharge current of 2A to obtain the precision forming grinding wheel with the dimensional precision of less than 2 mu m.
Electrolytic pre-dressing is carried out on the surface of the No. 240 iron-based diamond grinding wheel by adopting an ELID grinding system 1, the electrolytic voltage is kept at 45V, and the pre-dressing is stopped when the electrolytic current tends to be stable.
An iron-based grinding wheel with the grain size of 240# is selected. The ELID grinding process system 1 (comprising a power supply, a metal-based grinding wheel, electrolytic grinding liquid and an electrolytic electrode) adopts parameters of 1mm of electrolytic gap, 45V of electrolytic voltage, 3 microns of single feeding amount, 3S of single feeding time and 30 microns of total feeding amount to carry out precise grinding processing on the workpiece, and the workpiece with the size precision smaller than 5 microns is obtained.
Electrolytic pre-dressing is carried out on the surface of the W10 iron-based diamond grinding wheel by adopting an ELID grinding system 2, the electrolytic voltage is kept at 45V, and the pre-dressing is stopped when the electrolytic current tends to be stable.
Selecting an iron-based diamond grinding wheel with the granularity of W10, and carrying out ultra-precise grinding processing on the workpiece through an ELID grinding process system 2, wherein the processing parameters are as follows: an electrolytic gap of 1mm, an electrolytic voltage of 45V, a single feed amount of 1 μm, a single feed time of 3S, and a total feed amount of 10 μm. And finally, performing 3s of polishing.
Nine ferrule samples (as shown in fig. 3) were continuously machined using the process and its parameters described above. The geometric accuracy and the surface roughness of the material are detected, and the result is as follows: the surface roughness Ra values of the nine sample pieces are all within the range of 7-13 nm, and the geometric accuracy is less than 2 mu m. Therefore, the processing requirements of the high-end bearing raceway (Ra is less than 15nm, and the geometric accuracy is less than 2 mu m) on the geometric accuracy and the consistency of the ferrule processed by the method can be verified.
Claims (3)
1. A bearing raceway precision forming processing method based on ELID grinding is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
1) determining a clamping reference surface of the ferrule on the electromagnetic chuck: carrying out on-site grinding processing on the end face of the electromagnetic chuck by using an end face grinding wheel fixed on a machine tool, and taking the ground end face as a clamping reference surface;
2) carrying out numerical control precision turning on the copper electrode for electric spark modification: carrying out numerical control precision machining on the electric spark electrode by using a numerical control turning method so as to meet the requirements of electric spark forming machining;
3) precise shaping of the metal bond grinding wheel: deionized water is used as an electric spark machining liquid, the copper electrode which is precisely turned is used as a shape modification electrode, and the metal-based grinding wheel is precisely modified by electric spark in situ, so that the profile precision of the grinding wheel reaches about 2 mu m;
4) pre-sharpening the grinding surface of the metal bond grinding wheel: electrolytic pre-dressing is carried out on the surface of the grinding wheel for a plurality of minutes by adopting an ELID grinding system, and the pre-dressing is stopped when the electrolytic current tends to be stable;
5) ELID precision forming grinding processing of the bearing raceway: an iron-based grinding wheel with the granularity of 240-W40 is adopted, the single feeding amount is 2-5 mu m, and the workpiece is subjected to precision grinding processing through an ELID grinding process system; obtaining a workpiece with the dimensional accuracy of less than 5 microns;
6) ELID ultra-precise forming and grinding processing of a bearing raceway: adopting a grinding wheel with the granularity of W28-W5, and carrying out ultra-precise grinding processing on the workpiece through an ELID grinding process system with the single feed amount of 1 micron; obtaining a workpiece with the size precision smaller than 2 mu m;
7) batch detection of processed bearing rings: and (3) detecting the PV value of the batch contour deviation of the processed bearing ring, and judging whether the precision and the consistency of the bearing ring meet the requirements.
2. The bearing raceway precision forming machining method based on ELID grinding as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the dynamic balance of the oxide insulating layer on the surface layer of the grinding wheel on the electrolytic inhibition effect is formed by utilizing the nonlinear electrolysis effect and the metal binder, and the grinding wheel is subjected to continuous nondestructive sharpening, so that the grinding wheel abrasive particles obtain constant protrusion amount.
3. The bearing raceway precision forming machining method based on ELID grinding as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the micro-fine removal processing of the processing surface is realized by combining the granularity and concentration of the grinding wheel, the electrolytic dressing speed of the grinding wheel, the abrasion speed of abrasive particles and the feeding precision of a machine tool; the constant of the progressive magnitude between the two procedures of precision and ultra-precision machining of the bearing raceway and the precise progressive removal of the procedure allowance are realized through the quantitative accumulation of the fine removal machining, namely the ELID grinding precise progressive precise forming machining is realized, and the machining quality and the high consistency of the precision forming grinding machining of the bearing raceway are ensured.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117518988A (en) * | 2024-01-02 | 2024-02-06 | 东莞市扬牧数控科技有限公司 | An adaptive data processing system for CNC machine tools |
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