CN112853169A - High-strength aluminum alloy bolt and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents
High-strength aluminum alloy bolt and manufacturing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112853169A CN112853169A CN202110005628.0A CN202110005628A CN112853169A CN 112853169 A CN112853169 A CN 112853169A CN 202110005628 A CN202110005628 A CN 202110005628A CN 112853169 A CN112853169 A CN 112853169A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/06—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent
- C22C21/08—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent with silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/12—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent
- C22C21/14—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent with silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/12—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent
- C22C21/16—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent with magnesium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/12—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent
- C22C21/18—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent with zinc
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/043—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with silicon as the next major constituent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/047—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with magnesium as the next major constituent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/05—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys of the Al-Si-Mg type, i.e. containing silicon and magnesium in approximately equal proportions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/057—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with copper as the next major constituent
Abstract
The invention discloses a high-strength aluminum alloy bolt and a manufacturing method thereof, belonging to the field of bolt processing, wherein a bolt (1) comprises the following components in parts by weight: silicon: 0.7-1.2%, magnesium: 0.7% -1.2%, manganese: 0.55-0.65%, copper: 0.65-0.85%, less than or equal to 0.25% of iron, less than or equal to 0.05% of chromium, less than or equal to 0.05% of titanium, zirconium: 0.10% -0.17%, zinc: 0.15 to 0.25 percent, and the balance of aluminum and inevitable impurities. The tensile strength of the aluminum alloy bolt disclosed by the invention can reach more than 450MPa, the structural requirements of an aluminum alloy member are met, and compared with a steel bolt, the aluminum alloy bolt has the advantages of small density, light weight: approximately 65% lighter, less engaged length than a steel fastener of the same profile: the material consumption is small, the working period of thread processing is short, the structure is compact, and more modeling space can be reserved for designers; the smaller engagement length results in a saving of material at the connection, thereby further reducing weight.
Description
Technical Field
The invention discloses a high-strength aluminum alloy bolt and a manufacturing method thereof, and belongs to the field of bolt processing.
Background
Under the great situation that worldwide energy-saving and environment-friendly sound is rising day by day, the automobile industry is developing towards light weight and low energy consumption, and light metal is more and more widely applied in various industries. Magnesium and aluminum alloy components in engines and gearboxes are basically assembled by adopting steel bolts, and due to the difference of the performances of steel and aluminum, the following problems can occur: (1) the difference of electrochemical properties (Fe3 +: 0.037V, Al3 +: 1.663V and Mg2 +: 2.363V) is easy to cause electrochemical corrosion; (2) the difference of thermal expansion coefficients (linear thermal expansion coefficient: Fe ≈ 10.6 × 10-6/K, Al ≈ 23.4 × 10-6/K, Mg ≈ 27.0 × 10-6/K): when the temperature rises, a high additional tightening force can be generated, so that the low-strength component is plastically deformed, and after a short period of time, a large pre-tightening force loss can be generated in the connection, so that the connection structure becomes unstable, and the operation safety is threatened.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems of electrochemical corrosion, pretightening force loss and the like of the existing aluminum alloy component connected by the steel bolt, and provides a high-strength aluminum alloy bolt and a manufacturing method thereof.
The invention aims to solve the problems and is realized by the following technical scheme:
a high-strength aluminum alloy bolt is composed of the following components in parts by weight: silicon: 0.7-1.2%, magnesium: 0.7% -1.2%, manganese: 0.55-0.65%, copper: 0.65-0.85%, less than or equal to 0.25% of iron, less than or equal to 0.05% of chromium, less than or equal to 0.05% of titanium, zirconium: 0.10% -0.17%, zinc: 0.15 to 0.25 percent, and the balance of aluminum and inevitable impurities.
Preferably, the bolt comprises a head and a load acting section which are integrally formed from top to bottom in sequence, the outer edge of the load acting section is provided with threads, the lower half part of the head is cylindrical, and the upper half part of the head is conical and is arranged at the upper end of the lower half part.
Preferably, the bolt is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: silicon: 1.05%, magnesium: 0.94%, manganese: 0.63%, copper: 0.84%, iron 0.20%, chromium: 0.05%, titanium 0.03%, zirconium: 0.11%, zinc: 0.19%, the balance being aluminum and unavoidable impurities.
A manufacturing method of a high-strength aluminum alloy bolt, comprising the steps of:
step S1: pretreatment: the aluminum alloy bolt raw material with the chemical composition as defined in claim 1 is subjected to homogenization heat treatment, and then is subjected to continuous extrusion and wire drawing to prepare a wire meeting the requirements of aluminum alloy bolt cold heading;
step S2: cold heading forming: forming the bolt on a cold header;
step S3: and (3) heat treatment: the bolt is subjected to heat preservation (90-120) min at 540-550 ℃, and then is baked for 6-7 h at 170-185 ℃ to ensure the performance of the bolt after heat treatment;
step S4: and (3) thread forming: forming the screw thread of the bolt on a thread rolling machine;
step S5: bolt surface treatment: a lubricating film is formed on the surface of the bolt through a surface treatment process, and the surface friction coefficient of the bolt is controlled to meet the use requirement.
Preferably, the step S2 of cold heading forming includes the following steps: blanking, head preforming, head forming and rod reducing.
Preferably, the solution treatment in step S3 is performed by keeping the temperature at 540-550 ℃ for 90-120 min.
Preferably, the aging treatment in the step S3 is artificial aging treatment at 170-185 ℃ for 6-7 hours to ensure the performance of the heat-treated steel.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the tensile strength of the aluminum alloy bolt can reach more than 450MPa, the structural requirement of an aluminum alloy member is met, and the aluminum alloy bolt has the obvious advantages compared with a steel bolt: (1) low density, light weight: approximately 65% lighter than a steel fastener of the same profile. (2) The meshing length is small: the material consumption is small, the working period of thread processing is short, the structure is compact, and more modeling space can be reserved for designers; the smaller meshing length enables the material at the joint to be saved, thereby further reducing the weight; (3) the thermal stability is good: when joining aluminium alloy members, the deformation is similar when the temperature changes, due to the almost equal coefficients of thermal expansion. Therefore, under the condition of working temperature change, the connection quality cannot be changed, the pretightening force loss is small, and the connection is more stable; (4) the corrosion resistance is good: compared to steel fasteners, little corrosion protection and surface protection measures are required and galvanic corrosion is avoided. (5) Good heat conduction performance; the melting point is low, the remelting recovery is convenient, and the recovery rate is not lower than 90%.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a bolt of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a method of manufacture of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional metallographic view of a shaft portion in example 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a radial metallographic structure of a shaft part in example 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional metallographic view of a shaft portion in example 2 of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a radial metallographic structure of a shaft part in example 2 of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a cross-sectional metallographic view of a shaft according to example 3 of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a radial metallographic structure of a shaft part according to example 3 of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is a cross-sectional metallographic view of a shaft according to example 4 of the present invention.
Fig. 10 is a radial metallographic structure of a shaft part according to example 4 of the present invention.
Fig. 11 is a cross-sectional metallographic view of a shaft portion in example 5 of the present invention.
Fig. 12 is a radial metallographic structure of a shaft part according to example 5 of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. bolt, 11, head, 12, load application section.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated below with reference to the accompanying figures 1-12:
the technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
As shown in figure 1, the invention provides a high-strength aluminum alloy bolt based on the prior art, wherein the bolt 1 comprises the following components in parts by weight: silicon: 0.7-1.2%, magnesium: 0.7% -1.2%, manganese: 0.55-0.65%, copper: 0.65-0.85%, less than or equal to 0.25% of iron, less than or equal to 0.05% of chromium, less than or equal to 0.05% of titanium, zirconium: 0.10% -0.17%, zinc: 0.15 to 0.25 percent, and the balance of aluminum and inevitable impurities. The effect of each alloy element is as follows:
(1) mg and Si: mg and Si are the most main alloying elements of the 6xxx series aluminum alloys, and form Mg2Si phase as a strengthening phase;
(2) cu: cu is added into the alloy, so that the strength of the alloy can be improved, and the heat treatment strengthening effect is enhanced;
(3) fe: a small amount of Fe can refine grains and contribute to improving the heat resistance and the processability of the aluminum alloy;
(4) mn: mn is an element that contributes to solid solution strengthening, and can improve strength, corrosion resistance, impact toughness, and bending properties.
(5) Cr: the chromium inhibits the precipitation of the Mg2Si phase at the grain boundary, delays the natural aging process and improves the strength after artificial aging. Cr can refine grains, so that the recrystallized grains are slender, and the corrosion resistance of the alloy can be improved.
(6) Zn: zn is dissolved in the aluminum matrix to form an Al-Mg-Zn phase, thereby realizing alloy strengthening.
(7) Zr: zr prevents coarsening of crystal grains during heat treatment, and serves to stabilize the grain size.
(8) Ti: ti acts similarly to Zr and is effective in preventing coarsening of crystal grains.
As shown in fig. 1, the bolt 1 includes a head 11 and a load acting section 12 in sequence from top to bottom, the head and the load acting section are integrally formed, the outer edge of the load acting section 12 is provided with threads, the lower half of the head 11 is cylindrical, and the upper half is conical and is disposed at the upper end of the lower half.
Having described the components and structure of a high strength aluminum alloy bolt according to the present application, a method for manufacturing a high strength aluminum alloy bolt is described below, which includes the steps of:
step S1: pretreatment: carrying out homogenization heat treatment on the raw material of the bolt 1 with the chemical components, and then preparing a wire rod meeting the cold heading requirement of the aluminum alloy bolt through continuous extrusion and wire rod drawing;
step S2: cold heading forming: the bolt 1 is formed on a cold header, and the cold header forming comprises the following steps: blanking, head preforming, head forming and rod reducing.
Step S3: and (3) heat treatment: the bolt 1 is subjected to solution treatment firstly, heat preservation is carried out for 90-120 min at 540-550 ℃, then aging treatment is carried out, and artificial aging treatment is carried out for 6-7 h at 170-185 ℃ so as to ensure the performance of the bolt after heat treatment.
Step S4: and (3) thread forming: the thread of the bolt 1 is formed on a thread rolling machine;
step S5: bolt surface treatment: a lubricating film is formed on the surface of the bolt 1 through a surface treatment process, and the surface friction coefficient of the bolt is controlled to meet the use requirement.
Five groups of high-strength bolts were prepared as 5 examples by the above method, and the chemical compositions of the aluminum alloy bolts are as follows as shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 chemical composition of aluminum alloy bolts
| Element(s) | Si | Fe | Mg | Mn | Cu | Cr | Ti | Zr | Zn | Al |
| Example 1 | 1.05 | 0.20 | 0.94 | 0.63 | 0.84 | 0.05 | 0.03 | 0.11 | 0.19 | Balance of |
| Example 2 | 0.81 | 0.22 | 0.90 | 0.58 | 0.75 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.10 | 0.20 | Balance of |
| Example 3 | 0.91 | 0.20 | 0.94 | 0.61 | 0.69 | 0.02 | 0.04 | 0.13 | 0.20 | Balance of |
| Example 4 | 0.92 | 0.17 | 0.95 | 0.59 | 0.74 | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.12 | 0.18 | Balance of |
| Example 5 | 0.92 | 0.17 | 0.95 | 0.59 | 0.74 | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.12 | 0.18 | Balance of |
As shown in Table 2, the mechanical properties of the aluminum alloy bolts are as follows, and the cross metallographic structure of the rods and the radial metallographic structure of the rods of examples 1 to 5 are shown in FIGS. 3 to 12.
TABLE 2 mechanical Properties of aluminum alloy bolts
While embodiments of the invention have been disclosed above, it is not intended to be limited to the uses set forth in the specification and examples. It can be applied to all kinds of fields suitable for the present invention. Additional modifications will readily occur to those skilled in the art. It is therefore intended that the invention not be limited to the exact details and illustrations described and illustrated herein, but fall within the scope of the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (7)
1. The high-strength aluminum alloy bolt is characterized in that the bolt (1) is composed of the following components in parts by weight: silicon: 0.7-1.2%, magnesium: 0.7% -1.2%, manganese: 0.55-0.65%, copper: 0.65-0.85%, less than or equal to 0.25% of iron, less than or equal to 0.05% of chromium, less than or equal to 0.05% of titanium, zirconium: 0.10% -0.17%, zinc: 0.15 to 0.25 percent, and the balance of aluminum and inevitable impurities.
2. A high-strength aluminum alloy bolt according to claim 1, wherein the bolt (1) comprises a head (11) and a load acting section (12) which are integrally formed from top to bottom, the outer edge of the load acting section (12) is provided with threads, the lower half of the head (11) is cylindrical, and the upper half is conical and is disposed at the upper end of the lower half.
3. A high strength aluminium alloy bolt according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the bolt (1) is made up of the following components in parts by weight: silicon: 1.05%, magnesium: 0.94%, manganese: 0.63%, copper: 0.84%, iron 0.20%, chromium: 0.05%, titanium 0.03%, zirconium: 0.11%, zinc: 0.19%, the balance being aluminum and unavoidable impurities.
4. A manufacturing method of a high-strength aluminum alloy bolt is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step S1: pretreatment: the bolt (1) raw material with the chemical composition as defined in claim 1 is subjected to homogenization heat treatment, and then is subjected to continuous extrusion and wire drawing to prepare a wire rod meeting the requirements of cold heading of the aluminum alloy bolt;
step S2: cold heading forming: forming the bolt (1) on a cold header;
step S3: and (3) heat treatment: the bolt (1) is subjected to solution annealing firstly and then is subjected to aging treatment; preserving heat at 540-550 ℃ for 90-120 min, and then baking at 170-185 ℃ for 6-7 h to ensure the performance of the heat-treated product;
step S4: and (3) thread forming: the thread of the bolt (1) is formed on a thread rolling machine;
step S5: bolt surface treatment: a lubricating film is formed on the surface of the bolt (1) through a surface treatment process, and the surface friction coefficient of the bolt is controlled to meet the use requirement.
5. The manufacturing method of the high-strength aluminum alloy bolt according to claim 4, wherein the step S2 of cold heading forming comprises the following steps: blanking, head preforming, head forming and rod reducing.
6. The method for manufacturing a high-strength aluminum alloy bolt according to claim 5, wherein the solution annealing in the step S3 is performed at 540-550 ℃ for 90-120 min.
7. The method for manufacturing the high-strength aluminum alloy bolt according to claim 5, wherein the aging treatment in the step S3 is an artificial aging treatment at 170-185 ℃ for 6-7 h to ensure the heat-treated performance.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202110005628.0A CN112853169A (en) | 2021-01-05 | 2021-01-05 | High-strength aluminum alloy bolt and manufacturing method thereof |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202110005628.0A CN112853169A (en) | 2021-01-05 | 2021-01-05 | High-strength aluminum alloy bolt and manufacturing method thereof |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113403509A (en) * | 2021-06-23 | 2021-09-17 | 上海嘉朗实业南通智能科技有限公司 | High-strength aluminum alloy bolt material and preparation method thereof |
| CN113881876A (en) * | 2021-09-14 | 2022-01-04 | 中国第一汽车股份有限公司 | Al-Mg-Si series aluminum profile and processing method thereof |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH11172359A (en) * | 1997-12-12 | 1999-06-29 | Furukawa Electric Co Ltd:The | Screw made of high strength aluminum alloy and its production |
| US20040062946A1 (en) * | 2002-06-24 | 2004-04-01 | Rinze Benedictus | Method of producing a high strength balanced Al-Mg-Si alloy and a weldable product of that alloy |
| CN103339276A (en) * | 2011-11-16 | 2013-10-02 | 住友电气工业株式会社 | Aluminum alloy wire for use in bolts, bolt, and manufacturing method of these. |
| CN104451478A (en) * | 2014-11-28 | 2015-03-25 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | Preparation process of high-performance refined grain aluminum alloy wires and bars applied to aluminum bolts |
-
2021
- 2021-01-05 CN CN202110005628.0A patent/CN112853169A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH11172359A (en) * | 1997-12-12 | 1999-06-29 | Furukawa Electric Co Ltd:The | Screw made of high strength aluminum alloy and its production |
| US20040062946A1 (en) * | 2002-06-24 | 2004-04-01 | Rinze Benedictus | Method of producing a high strength balanced Al-Mg-Si alloy and a weldable product of that alloy |
| CN103339276A (en) * | 2011-11-16 | 2013-10-02 | 住友电气工业株式会社 | Aluminum alloy wire for use in bolts, bolt, and manufacturing method of these. |
| CN104451478A (en) * | 2014-11-28 | 2015-03-25 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | Preparation process of high-performance refined grain aluminum alloy wires and bars applied to aluminum bolts |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113403509A (en) * | 2021-06-23 | 2021-09-17 | 上海嘉朗实业南通智能科技有限公司 | High-strength aluminum alloy bolt material and preparation method thereof |
| CN113881876A (en) * | 2021-09-14 | 2022-01-04 | 中国第一汽车股份有限公司 | Al-Mg-Si series aluminum profile and processing method thereof |
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