CN112844032A - Wet desulfurization flue gas dehumidification and heat extraction method and desulfurization tower device - Google Patents
Wet desulfurization flue gas dehumidification and heat extraction method and desulfurization tower device Download PDFInfo
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- CN112844032A CN112844032A CN202110012729.0A CN202110012729A CN112844032A CN 112844032 A CN112844032 A CN 112844032A CN 202110012729 A CN202110012729 A CN 202110012729A CN 112844032 A CN112844032 A CN 112844032A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
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- B01D53/26—Drying gases or vapours
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/26—Drying gases or vapours
- B01D53/265—Drying gases or vapours by refrigeration (condensation)
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
- B01D53/48—Sulfur compounds
- B01D53/50—Sulfur oxides
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
- F23J15/06—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of coolers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
- F23J15/08—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of heaters
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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Abstract
The invention relates to a wet desulphurization flue gas dehumidification and heat extraction method and a desulphurization tower device. The device comprises a tower body and an ejector, wherein the inside of the tower body is provided with a desulfurization slurry spraying layer, a dehumidification heat-taking tube bundle, a heating tube bundle and the ejector arranged outside the tower body sequentially from bottom to top, the bottom of the tower body is provided with a flue gas inlet, outlets of the dehumidification heat-taking tube bundle and the heating tube bundle are respectively connected with an inlet of the ejector, an inlet of the dehumidification heat-taking tube bundle is connected with softened water, and an inlet of the heating tube bundle is connected with high-pressure superheated steam. The moisture content of the clean flue gas discharged by the desulfurizing tower is reduced, and the superheat degree is improved, so that the environmental problems of chimney rain, white smoke and the like of the coal-fired boiler are solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of flue gas treatment, and particularly relates to a wet desulphurization flue gas dehumidification and heat extraction method and a desulphurization tower device.
Background
The information in this background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the general background of the invention and is not necessarily to be construed as an admission or any form of suggestion that this information forms the prior art that is already known to a person of ordinary skill in the art.
The wet flue gas desulfurization process is widely applied to the emission control of the sulfur oxides in the flue gas of coal-fired thermal power plants, and the process generally uses absorption liquids such as limestone slurry, ammonia water and the like to spray and wash the flue gas in a desulfurization tower to remove the sulfur dioxide in the flue gas. The flue gas desulfurization tower is a key device of a wet desulfurization process, usually adopts an empty tower spraying type, and the clean flue gas at the outlet of the tower is basically in a saturated state, has a low temperature (about 50 ℃) and is generally directly discharged into the atmosphere through a wet chimney. Because the water vapor in the saturated wet flue gas meets condensation at the inner part and the outlet of the chimney and is condensed into a large number of water drops, the environmental problems of 'chimney rain', 'white smoke' and the like are formed, acid liquor is formed in the chimney to cause corrosion, and the low exhaust temperature causes the poor lifting and diffusion capability of the flue gas.
In principle, the fundamental method for solving the problems is to increase the temperature and the superheat degree of the flue gas, so that the original low-temperature saturated flue gas is changed into the medium-temperature superheated flue gas, thereby avoiding the condensation of water vapor and improving the diffusion capacity of the flue gas. At present, a scheme of directly heating wet flue gas to reduce relative humidity is generally adopted, and heater types mainly include a rotary heater (RGGH), a tubular heater (TGGH) and a mixed heater, and the difference is that a heating source and a heating mode are different: the RGGH and the TGGH adopt indirect heat exchange, wherein the former uses the original flue gas (with the temperature of about 130 ℃) in front of a desulfurizing tower as a heat source, and the latter uses an external heat source (usually steam or hot water); the mixed heater adopts direct heat exchange, namely wet flue gas and high-temperature secondary air of the boiler are directly mixed to improve the temperature of the flue gas.
Although the problems of 'chimney rain', 'white smoke' and the like can be solved by directly heating the wet flue gas, in practical application, the RGGH and the TGGH are generally and independently installed on a flue at the rear part of the desulfurizing tower, so that the problems of large floor area and resistance, easy scaling, blockage, corrosion of a heat exchange surface and the like are caused, and the safe operation of the whole power plant is influenced; and part of secondary air is consumed for mixed heating, so that the coal consumption of a unit is increased, and the economy is reduced. On the other hand, the direct heating of the wet flue gas cannot recycle a large amount of water vapor and latent heat thereof in the flue gas, and even additional heat energy needs to be consumed, so the method often causes the heat loss of the boiler to be increased. In order to overcome the defects of the direct wet flue gas heating technology, a desulfurization flue gas deep dehumidification method based on a solution dehumidification principle is proposed in recent years.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the problems in the prior art, the present invention aims to provide a wet desulfurization flue gas dehumidification and heat extraction method and a desulfurization tower device. Based on the principle of an ejector, the cooling, dehumidification and reheating of saturated wet flue gas after desulfurization are realized by utilizing a dehumidification and heat extraction tube bundle and a steam heating tube bundle which are arranged in a desulfurization tower, so that the aims of reducing the moisture content of the flue gas, improving the superheat degree of the flue gas and recycling low-grade latent heat are fulfilled.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the utility model provides a wet flue gas desulfurization dehumidification heat-extraction's desulfurizing tower device, includes that tower body, the inside desulfurization thick liquid that sets gradually by supreme down of tower body spray the layer, the ejector that dehumidification heat extraction tube bank, heating tube bank, the outside of tower body set up, the bottom of tower body sets up the flue gas import, the export of dehumidification heat extraction tube bank, heating tube bank respectively with the entry linkage of ejector, the import and the demineralized water of dehumidification heat extraction tube bank are connected, the import and the high-pressure superheated steam of heating tube bank are connected.
The specific processes of flue gas desulfurization, dehumidification and heat extraction are as follows: softened water is heated and vaporized into low-pressure saturated steam in the dehumidification and heat extraction pipe bundle and is used as injection fluid of the ejector; and supplying high-pressure superheated steam to the steam heating tube bundle, wherein the high-pressure superheated steam is extracted from a steam turbine intermediate pressure cylinder or exhausted from a medium pressure cylinder and is cooled into high-pressure saturated steam in the steam heating tube bundle to be used as working fluid of the ejector. The operating principle of the ejector is as follows: the high-pressure saturated steam is sprayed by the nozzle, a vacuum environment is established at the outlet of the dehumidification and heat extraction tube bundle, so that the low-pressure saturated steam formed by evaporation of softened water in the dehumidification and heat extraction tube bundle is sucked into the ejector, mixed with the high-pressure saturated steam, boosted into medium-pressure steam, and discharged from the outlet of the ejector. The coal-fired flue gas enters the bottom of the desulfurization tower to flow upwards, and becomes saturated wet flue gas through desulfurization slurry spraying layer washing desulfurization, and the saturated wet flue gas continues to flow upwards, is firstly cooled into low-temperature saturated flue gas through contact heat exchange with the dehumidification heat-taking pipe bundle, and is then heated into superheated clean flue gas through contact heat exchange with the steam heating pipe bundle.
The deep recovery of latent heat of the desulfurized wet flue gas is realized by utilizing the vaporization process of water at the temperature lower than the dew point of the wet flue gas. The high-pressure superheated steam enables an outlet of the dehumidification and heat extraction tube bundle to establish a vacuum environment through the ejector, provides flowing power of softened water in the dehumidification and heat extraction tube bundle, and improves the heat exchange and recovery effect of latent heat of smoke. The recovery rate of low-grade waste heat is effectively improved, and the moisture content of the flue gas is reduced.
The purpose of the medium-pressure steam obtained in the injection process is as follows: for the straight condensing unit, the straight condensing unit is used for heating condensed water of a condenser, so that the heat efficiency of the unit is improved, and the coal consumption is reduced; and the extraction condensing unit is used for heating primary net backwater and increasing the external heat supply capacity of the unit.
The wet desulphurization flue gas dehumidification and heat extraction desulfurizing tower device realizes an integrated structure, directly solves the problems of dehumidification and heating of flue gas, and has the advantages of small occupied area, simplicity, reliability, easy maintenance and no need of extra power consumption. Solves the problems of large occupied area, large resistance, easy scaling, blockage, corrosion of heat exchange surfaces and the like of the existing RGGH and TGGH.
In some embodiments of the invention, the heating device further comprises a dehumidifier, the dehumidifier is arranged above the heating tube bundle, and the top of the tower body is provided with a smoke outlet. After the flue gas exchanges heat with the low-temperature softened water, part of moisture contained in the flue gas is removed, and the moisture content is reduced. Then the heating tube bundle is used for heating, and after the temperature of the flue gas is increased, the problem of white smoke is avoided.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the heat exchange tubes of the dehumidification and heat extraction tube bundle are capillary tubes, and are arranged in a serpentine or coil shape. The arrangement mode of the tube bundle is favorable for improving the heat exchange effect.
In some embodiments of the invention, the flow of softened water in the dehumidification and heat extraction pipe bundle and coal-fired flue gas outside the pipe are in a counter-flow mode. The countercurrent flow mode is favorable for improving the heat exchange effect.
In some embodiments of the invention, the inlet of the dehumidification heat extraction bundle is provided with a first regulating valve. Optionally, a water spray desuperheater is arranged at an inlet of the dehumidification and heat extraction pipe bundle.
In some embodiments of the invention, the inlet of the heating tube bundle is provided with a second regulating valve.
In some embodiments of the invention, the desulfurization slurry spray layer is connected to the bottom of the column body by a pipe.
In some embodiments of the invention, the apparatus further comprises a flash evaporator, wherein the outlet of the dehumidification heat extraction pipe bundle is connected with the inlet of the flash evaporator, and the gas outlet of the flash evaporator is connected with the inlet of the ejector. And if the softened water is subjected to dehumidification and heat extraction tube bundle and does not generate low-pressure saturated steam, vaporizing the flash evaporator at the outlet of the dehumidification and heat extraction tube bundle to obtain low-pressure saturated steam and then introducing the low-pressure saturated steam into the ejector.
In a second aspect, the method for dehumidifying and heat-taking wet desulfurization flue gas by using the desulfurization tower device for dehumidifying and heat-taking wet desulfurization flue gas comprises the following specific steps:
softened water is introduced into the dehumidification heat extraction tube bundle, and high-pressure superheated steam is introduced into the heating tube bundle;
flue gas enters the desulfurized slurry from the bottom of the tower body to be sprayed, then moves upwards, and exchanges heat with softened water through the dehumidification heat-taking tube bundle, so that the temperature of the flue gas is reduced to remove moisture;
the dehumidified flue gas enters the heating pipe bundle to be heated, the temperature of the flue gas rises to become superheated flue gas, and then the superheated flue gas is dehumidified by the dehumidifier and then is discharged from the top of the tower body.
In some embodiments of the invention, the inlet water temperature of the softened water is 20-30 ℃. Softened water is selected as a heat exchange water source, because the water is evaporated in the dehumidification and heat extraction tube bundle, if the water quality is poor, scaling in the tube can be caused
One or more technical schemes of the invention have the following beneficial effects:
1) the deep recovery of latent heat of the desulfurized wet flue gas is realized by utilizing the vaporization process of water at the temperature lower than the dew point temperature of the wet flue gas, and meanwhile, the low-temperature saturated wet flue gas after dehumidification is heated by utilizing high-pressure superheated steam, so that the moisture content of the clean flue gas discharged by the desulfurizing tower is reduced, the superheat degree is improved, and the environmental problems of 'chimney rain' and 'white smoke' of the coal-fired boiler are solved.
2) And establishing a low vacuum environment in the dehumidification heat extraction pipe bundle based on an injection principle, and increasing the pressure and the temperature of low-pressure saturated steam generated by recovering the waste heat of the desulfurized wet flue gas, and directly recycling the low-pressure saturated steam to a turbine thermodynamic system or externally supplying the low-pressure saturated steam to a heat user. The method does not need to consume extra power, does not generate secondary pollution to the environment, and can effectively utilize the low-grade waste heat of the desulfurized wet flue gas, thereby improving the thermal efficiency of the coal-fired thermal power plant and correspondingly reducing the operation cost and the coal consumption.
3) The dehumidification heat taking and heating tube bundle is integrated into the conventional desulfurization tower, so that integrated treatment of flue gas desulfurization, dehumidification, demisting and overheating can be realized, the system is simple and reliable, the heat exchange structure is compact, the equipment integration level is high, and the occupied area and the corrosion-resistant investment of a chimney can be saved.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description, serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a wet flue gas desulfurization dehumidifying and heat-extracting desulfurizing tower apparatus according to example 1;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a wet flue gas desulfurization dehumidifying and heat-extracting desulfurizing tower apparatus according to example 2;
wherein, 1, a desulfurization tower body; 2. a desulfurization slurry spray layer; 3. dehumidifying and heat-extracting tube bundles; 4. a first regulating valve; 5. a heating tube bundle; 6. a second regulating valve; 7. a demister; 8. an ejector; 9. coal-fired flue gas; 10. overheating and purifying the flue gas; 11. high pressure superheated steam; 12. high pressure saturated steam; 13. softening water; 14. low-pressure saturated steam; 15. medium pressure steam; 16. softening the water by overheating; 17. saturated softened water; 18. a flash evaporator.
Detailed Description
It is to be understood that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the invention as claimed. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. The invention will be further illustrated by the following examples
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1, a wet desulfurization flue gas dehumidification and heat extraction method and a desulfurization tower device include a desulfurization tower body 1, a desulfurization slurry spray layer 2, a dehumidification and heat extraction tube bundle 3, a first regulating valve 4, a heating tube bundle 5, a second regulating valve 6, a demister 7, an ejector 8 and a connecting pipeline.
The coal-fired flue gas 9 enters the bottom of the desulfurization tower body 1 from the inlet flue and flows upwards, and is in countercurrent contact with the desulfurization slurry sprayed in the desulfurization slurry spraying layer 2, and becomes saturated wet flue gas through washing and desulfurization. The desulfurization slurry sprays 2 tops and arranges dehumidification heat extraction tube bundle 3, steam heating tube bundle 5 and defroster 7 (inertia defroster) in proper order, and saturated wet flue gas at first gets the heat transfer with dehumidification heat extraction tube bundle 3 contact, is cooled off, dehumidifies and becomes low temperature saturated flue gas, then contacts the heat transfer with heating tube bundle 5, is heated and becomes superheated flue gas, gets rid of through defroster 7 again and carries the liquid drop after, becomes the clean flue gas of overheat 10, discharges by the desulfurizing tower top. The inlet of the heating tube bundle 5 is connected with a second regulating valve 6, and the outlet pipeline is connected with the working fluid inlet of the ejector 8. The inlet of the dehumidification and heat extraction tube bundle 3 is connected with a first regulating valve 4, and the outlet pipeline is connected with an injection fluid inlet of an injector 8. High-pressure superheated steam 11 extracted by a steam turbine intermediate pressure cylinder is subjected to flow regulation through a second regulating valve 6, enters the steam heating tube bundle 5, is cooled into high-pressure saturated steam 12, and is connected to a working fluid inlet of the ejector 8; softened water 13 is adjusted in flow through a first adjusting valve 4, enters the dehumidification and heat extraction pipe bundle 3, is heated and totally vaporized into low-pressure saturated steam 14, and is connected to an injection fluid inlet of an injector 8. The high-pressure saturated steam 12 and the low-pressure saturated steam 14 are directly contacted for heat exchange and pressure rise in the ejector 8, and then are discharged from a steam outlet of the ejector 8 to form medium-pressure steam 15.
The moisture content of the flue gas entering the bottom of the tower is about 90g/kg dry flue gas and the moisture content of the flue gas exiting the top of the tower is about 40g/kg dry flue gas. Compared with the existing flue gas dehumidification device and method, the flue gas dehumidification method has better moisture removal effect.
Example 2
Referring to fig. 2, the difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is: the flow rate of the softened water 13 is increased, and the softened water is heated by the wet flue gas outside the bundle inside the dehumidification and heat extraction bundle 3 to become superheated softened water 16 against the pressure in the flash evaporator 18, but vaporization does not occur. The superheated softened water 16 is sprayed and flashed in a flash evaporator 18 to generate low-pressure saturated steam 14, the low-pressure saturated steam enters an injection fluid inlet of the injector 8, and the non-evaporated saturated softened water 17 is conveyed to an inlet of the dehumidification heat extraction pipe bundle 3 through pressurization for recycling.
The moisture content of the flue gas entering the bottom of the tower is about 90g/kg dry flue gas and the moisture content of the flue gas exiting the top of the tower is about 40g/kg dry flue gas. Compared with the existing flue gas dehumidification device and method, the flue gas dehumidification method has better moisture removal effect.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a wet flue gas desulfurization dehumidification gets hot desulfurizing tower device which characterized in that: the device comprises a tower body and an ejector, wherein the inside of the tower body is provided with a desulfurization slurry spraying layer, a dehumidification heat-taking tube bundle, a heating tube bundle and the ejector arranged outside the tower body sequentially from bottom to top, the bottom of the tower body is provided with a flue gas inlet, outlets of the dehumidification heat-taking tube bundle and the heating tube bundle are respectively connected with an inlet of the ejector, an inlet of the dehumidification heat-taking tube bundle is connected with softened water, and an inlet of the heating tube bundle is connected with high-pressure superheated steam.
2. The wet flue gas desulfurization dehumidification and heat extraction desulfurization tower apparatus of claim 1, wherein: still include the dehumidifier, the dehumidifier setting is in heating tube bank's top, and the top of tower body sets up the exhanst gas outlet.
3. The wet flue gas desulfurization dehumidification and heat extraction desulfurization tower apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the heat exchange tubes of the dehumidification and heat extraction tube bundle are capillary tubes and are arranged in a snake shape or a coil shape.
4. The wet flue gas desulfurization dehumidification and heat extraction desulfurization tower apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the flow mode of softened water in the dehumidification and heat taking pipe bundle and coal-fired flue gas outside the pipe is a counter-flow mode.
5. The wet flue gas desulfurization dehumidification and heat extraction desulfurization tower apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the inlet of the dehumidification and heat extraction pipe bundle is provided with a first regulating valve.
6. The wet flue gas desulfurization dehumidification and heat extraction desulfurization tower apparatus of claim 1, wherein: and a second regulating valve is arranged at the inlet of the heating tube bundle.
7. The wet flue gas desulfurization dehumidification and heat extraction desulfurization tower apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the desulfurization slurry spraying layer is connected with the bottom of the tower body through a pipeline.
8. The wet flue gas desulfurization dehumidification and heat extraction desulfurization tower apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the dehumidification and heat extraction pipe bundle comprises a dehumidification and heat extraction pipe bundle, and is characterized by further comprising a flash evaporator, wherein an outlet of the dehumidification and heat extraction pipe bundle is connected with an inlet of the flash evaporator, and a gas outlet of the flash evaporator is connected with an inlet of the ejector.
9. The method for dehumidifying and heat-extracting wet flue gas desulfurization by using the wet flue gas desulfurization dehumidifying and heat-extracting desulfurizing tower device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, is characterized in that: the method comprises the following specific steps:
softened water is introduced into the dehumidification heat extraction tube bundle, and high-pressure superheated steam is introduced into the heating tube bundle;
flue gas enters the desulfurized slurry from the bottom of the tower body to be sprayed, then moves upwards, and exchanges heat with softened water through the dehumidification heat-taking tube bundle, so that the temperature of the flue gas is reduced to remove moisture;
the dehumidified flue gas enters the heating pipe bundle to be heated, the temperature of the flue gas rises to become superheated flue gas, and then the superheated flue gas is dehumidified by the dehumidifier and then is discharged from the top of the tower body.
10. The wet flue gas desulfurization heat removal method of claim 9, wherein: the inlet water temperature of the softened water is 20-30 ℃.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114111094A (en) * | 2021-11-30 | 2022-03-01 | 中国华能集团清洁能源技术研究院有限公司 | Desulfurization slurry waste heat recovery device utilizing unit steam extraction and absorption heat pump |
| CN114111095A (en) * | 2021-11-30 | 2022-03-01 | 中国华能集团清洁能源技术研究院有限公司 | Desulfurization slurry flash evaporation heat taking and water taking system and method of open heat pump |
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