CN112838742B - Strong-magnetic speed-increasing superconducting new energy conversion device and optimization method thereof - Google Patents

Strong-magnetic speed-increasing superconducting new energy conversion device and optimization method thereof Download PDF

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CN112838742B
CN112838742B CN202011514186.4A CN202011514186A CN112838742B CN 112838742 B CN112838742 B CN 112838742B CN 202011514186 A CN202011514186 A CN 202011514186A CN 112838742 B CN112838742 B CN 112838742B
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superconducting
permanent magnet
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CN112838742A (en
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夏涛
李俊辉
刘亮
李天伊
刘海涛
孟高军
李建林
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Nanjing Institute of Technology
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K55/00—Dynamo-electric machines having windings operating at cryogenic temperatures
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
    • F03B13/12—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy
    • F03B13/14—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
    • G06F30/20—Design optimisation, verification or simulation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/17—Stator cores with permanent magnets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/30—Energy from the sea, e.g. using wave energy or salinity gradient
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y02E40/60—Superconducting electric elements or equipment; Power systems integrating superconducting elements or equipment

Abstract

The invention discloses a strong-magnetic speed-increasing superconducting new energy conversion device and an optimization method thereof, and is characterized in that the conversion device comprises a permanent magnet linear stator (1), a superconducting magnetic field modulation linear rotor (2), a superconducting refrigerating device (3), a high-speed rotating rotor (5) and a segmented embedded spiral motor; the superconducting magnetic field modulation linear rotor (2) modulates a static linear traveling wave magnetic field with a low pole pair number generated by low-speed wave motion into a high-speed spiral magnetic field according to a magnetic field modulation principle, drives the high-speed rotary rotor (5) to move, enables the spiral modulation magnetic ring (2-2) and the segmented embedded spiral permanent magnet (5-1) to generate magnetic coupling, and induces electric energy on a motor winding (6) by the generated alternating permanent magnetic field. The invention can greatly improve the power density and the power generation efficiency of the energy conversion device, thereby effectively reducing the volume and the mass of the wave power generation device.

Description

Strong-magnetic speed-increasing superconducting new energy conversion device and optimization method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of new energy of wave power generation, in particular to a strong-magnetic speed-increasing superconducting new energy conversion device and an optimization method thereof.
Background
The global economic development is bound to be accompanied by an increase in energy demand, and nowadays most of energy consumption comes from traditional fossil energy. In recent years, problems such as greenhouse effect, geological destruction, environmental pollution, petroleum edge politics, and the like have been caused on a global scale due to excessive use and development of fossil energy. In order to realize low-carbon emission and economic sustainable development, development and utilization of renewable clean energy such as wind energy, solar energy, ocean energy and the like are more and more concerned and paid attention to by the whole society.
Wave energy, as one manifestation of ocean energy, is widely distributed in various sea areas of the earth in the forms of potential energy and kinetic energy, and has higher energy density than solar energy and wind energy. In addition, the ocean area is large, the islands are numerous and are separated by seawater in China, so that power supply is difficult and electric energy is in short supply, and the development and utilization of wave energy have important application value for solving the problem of power supply of the islands. Nowadays, with the deep development of ocean resources, a plurality of ocean observation and personnel search and rescue equipment exist in the sea area of China, and uninterrupted power supply for the device can be realized by utilizing wave energy, so that the reliability and the service life of the device are improved. Therefore, the development and utilization of the wave energy have good environmental benefit, social benefit and economic benefit. For example, the invention with patent number CN110439729A discloses a floating type oscillating wave power generation device, which uses waves to drive a floating structure to vibrate up and down, so that magnetic induction line cutting power generation is matched with wind power generation, thereby realizing dual-purpose power generation, and simultaneously reducing part of the loss of wind energy and improving the utilization efficiency of wave energy. However, the conventional direct drive type wave power generation has the problems of low power density, large mass and volume, low power generation efficiency and the like of the power generation device due to low wave speed, large period and the like, and therefore, a new energy conversion device capable of more effectively utilizing wave energy is urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a strong-magnetic speed-increasing superconducting new energy conversion device and an optimization method thereof, which apply a high-temperature superconducting technology, a magnetism gathering technology, a field modulation technology and a magnetic coupling power generation technology to the field of new energy power generation and can greatly improve the power density and the power generation efficiency of the energy conversion device.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a strong-magnetic speed-increasing superconducting new energy conversion device comprises a permanent magnet linear stator (1), a superconducting magnetic field modulation linear rotor (2), a superconducting refrigerating device (3), a high-speed rotating rotor (5) and a segmented embedded spiral motor;
the permanent magnet linear stator (1) generates a static permanent magnet magnetic field with alternating polarity, and the static permanent magnet magnetic field penetrates through the superconducting magnetic field modulation linear rotor (2) which moves with waves at a low speed; the superconducting spiral rings (2-1) in the superconducting magnetic field modulation linear rotor (2) maintain a superconducting critical state under the action of a superconducting refrigerating device (3), continuously generate a Meissner effect, prevent a magnetic field between adjacent spiral magnetic adjusting rings (2-2) from penetrating, enable the magnetic field to form a magnetic circuit through the spiral magnetic adjusting rings (2-2), and form a magnetizing and bundling effect between the spiral magnetic adjusting rings (2-2);
the superconducting magnetic field modulation linear rotor (2) modulates a static linear traveling wave magnetic field with a low pole pair number generated by low-speed wave motion into a high-speed spiral magnetic field according to a magnetic field modulation principle, so that the spiral modulation magnetic ring (2-2) and the segmented embedded spiral permanent magnet (5-1) generate magnetic coupling to drive the high-speed rotary rotor (5) to move, and the generated alternating permanent magnetic field induces electric energy on a motor winding (6) so as to convert kinetic energy into electric energy;
the superconducting magnetic field modulation linear rotor (2) is arranged between the permanent magnet linear stator (1) and the high-speed rotating rotor (5), and air gaps are formed between the permanent magnet linear stator (1) and the superconducting magnetic field modulation linear rotor (2) and between the superconducting magnetic field modulation linear rotor (2) and the high-speed rotating rotor (5).
In order to optimize the technical scheme, the specific measures adopted further comprise:
further, the conversion device also comprises a refrigeration protection device (4) made of stainless steel materials;
the superconducting refrigerating device (3) is arranged below the refrigerating protection device (4).
Furthermore, the permanent magnet linear stator (1) adopts a cylindrical structure and is composed of annular N-pole permanent magnets (104) and annular S-pole permanent magnets (103) with alternating polarities, annular magnetic silicon steel (102) and a stainless steel non-magnetic shaft body (101);
the N-pole permanent magnets (104) and the S-pole permanent magnets (103) are alternately arranged on the outer side of the non-magnetic-conductive shaft body (101) and distributed along the axial direction in the magnetizing direction, and a magnetic conductive ring (102) with pole shoes and made of silicon steel is embedded between the N-pole permanent magnets and the S-pole permanent magnets to generate a magnetic concentration effect.
Furthermore, the superconducting magnetic field modulation linear rotor (2) adopts a double-spiral structure, wherein the spiral magnetic field modulation gear ring (2-2) is made of 10 steel materials, and the number of unit spiral rings is equal to the sum of the number of pole pairs of the permanent magnet linear stator (1) and the number of pole pairs of the high-speed rotating rotor (5).
Further, the superconducting spiral ring (2-1) is composed of an I-shaped high-temperature superconductor (200), a carbon fiber frame (201), a vacuum cavity (202) and a liquid nitrogen coolant (203);
the I-shaped high-temperature superconductor (200) is arranged in a carbon fiber frame (201), and a vacuum cavity (202) is arranged in the carbon fiber frame (201); liquid nitrogen coolant (203) is filled in two containing cavities formed by the I-shaped high-temperature superconductor (200) and the carbon fiber frame (201), and the critical superconducting state of the I-shaped high-temperature superconductor (200) is kept through the superconducting refrigerating device (3).
Further, the embedded permanent magnet of the high-speed rotating rotor (5) adopts a segmented spiral embedded permanent magnet structure, the high-speed rotating rotor is divided into 8 segments in the circumference, each segment of structure adopts 5 block-embedded segmented spiral permanent magnets, and only permanent magnets with the same polarity exist in each segment: the N pole permanent magnet (503) and the S pole permanent magnet (502) adopt radial magnetization; the N pole permanent magnet (503) and the S pole permanent magnet (502) are embedded in a stainless steel sleeve (501) made of a non-magnetic material, and the surfaces of the N pole permanent magnet and the S pole permanent magnet are covered by carbon fiber materials.
The invention also provides an optimization method of the strong-magnetic speed-increasing superconducting new energy conversion device, wherein the conversion device adopts the strong-magnetic speed-increasing superconducting new energy conversion device;
the optimization method comprises the following steps:
s1, firstly, selecting the length proportionality coefficient of a spiral magnetic adjusting ring (2-2) and a superconducting spiral ring (2-1), the radial thickness of the magnetic adjusting ring, and the permanent magnet thickness of a high-speed rotating rotor (5) and a permanent magnet linear stator (1) as factor variables by adopting a Taguchi method, and defining torque fluctuation and torque transmission capacity as quality characteristics;
s2, selecting different values according to the size of each factor variable in a certain range, and defining the values as factor levels;
s3, combining the number of factors, the level of the factors and the combination sequence of the two to form a complete test space, and arranging a certain amount of test combination and times through an orthogonal test table;
s4, bringing the test combination into an electromagnetic analysis calculation model of the superconducting device, and calculating torque fluctuation and torque transmission values under different test combinations;
and S5, analyzing the numerical result by adopting the mean value and the signal-to-noise ratio to obtain the optimal parameter optimization range, and optimizing in the corresponding interval after optimizing by adopting a Taguchi method by adopting a PSO optimization algorithm to ensure that the conversion device has the minimum torque fluctuation and the maximum torque transmission capacity under the same volume.
Further, in step S4, the process of substituting the test combinations into the superconducting device electromagnetic analysis calculation model and calculating the torque fluctuation and torque transmission values under different test combinations includes the following steps:
s41, setting the magnetic permeability of the silicon steel material in the new energy conversion device to be infinite, the magnetic permeability of the permanent magnet to be equivalent to vacuum magnetic permeability, changing the magnetic field only in the axial direction, and equally equating the magnetic permeability of the superconducting spiral ring (2-1) to be vacuum magnetic permeability to obtain axial equivalent magnetic permeability:
Figure BDA0002845775960000031
wherein, ΛspmIs the permeability, Λ, in the permanent magnet region of a linear statoroagAnd ΛiagPermeability of the inner and outer air gaps, respectively, Λfm(z) is the permeability in the region of the superconducting field modulated linear mover (2), ΛrpmThe magnetic conductivity of the permanent magnetic area of the high-speed rotating rotor (5); lambdafm(z) permeability in the high temperature superconducting helical region of Λfm(z) ═ 0, the permeability in the zone of the magnetic tuning ring is infinite;
decomposing the axial equivalent magnetic conductivity by adopting Fourier series to obtain:
Figure BDA0002845775960000032
wherein λ is0Is the direct current component of the axial equivalent permeability, λmIs the m-th harmonic permeability, nfsThe number of the spiral magnetic adjusting rings in the calculation range is calculated, and L is the effective acting length which is equal to the axial length of the high-speed rotating rotor (5);
s42, the magnetomotive force of the high-speed rotating mover (5) is expressed as:
Figure BDA0002845775960000033
wherein HscCoercive force of permanent magnet for high-speed rotation of mover (5), hspmIs the permanent magnet equivalent thickness, NspmThe number of pole pairs, z, of the permanent magnet of the rotor (5) is rotated at high speed0Is the initial position of the high-speed rotating rotor (5);
s43, the magnetic flux density under the permanent magnetic excitation action of the high-speed rotating rotor (5) is as follows:
Figure BDA0002845775960000041
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0002845775960000042
has the same pole pair number as the high-speed rotary rotor (5),
Figure BDA0002845775960000043
has the same pole pair number as the linear stator;
s44, the permanent magnet of the permanent magnet linear stator (1) is equivalent by adopting a current layer method, and the basic magnetomotive force is as follows:
Figure BDA0002845775960000044
wherein Hrc、hrpmAnd NrpmRespectively the coercive force, thickness and pole pair number, z, of the permanent magnet of the linear stator2Is its initial position; the equivalent surface current of the linear stator permanent magnet is obtained as follows:
Figure BDA0002845775960000045
by using the lorentz theorem, the torque generated by the embedded linear stator is:
Figure BDA0002845775960000046
wherein D islAnd theta is the electrical angle deviation from the center of the high-speed spiral permanent magnet to the center of the linear stator permanent magnet, wherein theta is the diameter of the linear stator: theta 2Nsphπz0/L+2Nrpmπz2L; when θ is equal to zero, the transmission torque obtains a maximum value:
Figure BDA0002845775960000047
s45, the magnetic flux density under the excitation of the linear stator permanent magnet is obtained as:
Figure BDA0002845775960000048
the torque generated by the high-speed rotating rotor (5) is obtained as follows:
Figure BDA0002845775960000049
wherein D ishThe diameter of the rotor (5) is high-speed rotation, and the transmission torque and lambda can be seen from the above formula1Proportional, i.e. proportional to the equivalent permeability in the field modulation region;
the magnetic permeability waveform is an axisymmetric square wave and is expressed by Fourier series as follows:
Figure BDA0002845775960000051
in the formula, λs＝μ0/(hspm+hoag+hiag+hrpm)，λr＝μ0/(hfm+hspm+hoag+hiag+hrpm)，τhThe axial length, tau, of the spiral magnetic adjusting ring (2-2)fmThe pole pitch of the magnetic ring (2-2) is adjusted spirally when tauhIs taufmHalf the length, λ1Reaches a peak value of 2 (lambda)s-λr) π, transmission torque is from 2(λ) when the high temperature superconducting material is in a critical states-λr) Increase of/to lambda1＝2λs/π。
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the magnetic field passing through the magnetic modulating ring is strengthened by utilizing the magnetic shielding effect of the special high-temperature superconducting device, and the convergence of the magnetic field is improved, so that the transmission characteristic of torque is improved.
(2) The high-speed rotating rotor and the segmented embedded spiral motor are skillfully integrated by using a magnetic coupling technology, and a permanent magnet rotor structure is shared, so that the permanent magnet consumption, the device volume and the mechanical complexity are greatly reduced.
(3) A static axial magnetic field gathering magnetic field generated by the embedded permanent magnet linear stator (1) is modulated into a spiral high-speed magnetic field through a superconducting linear rotor moving along with waves and is coupled with a segmented stepped embedded spiral motor, low-speed wave motion is converted into high-speed rotary motion, a magnetic coupling rotary motor is driven to realize accelerated power generation, and wave energy capturing capacity and conversion efficiency are improved.
(4) The electromagnetic analysis optimization method based on the Taguchi-PSO provided by the conversion device can greatly reduce the calculation amount and time cost of the whole optimization process.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a strong-magnetic speed-increasing superconducting new energy conversion device.
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of an in-line stator;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a superconducting magnetic field modulation linear mover
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a spiral high temperature superconducting device;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the installation of a permanent magnet embedded in a rotor rotating at a high speed;
FIG. 6 is a graph of flux guide distribution in a superconducting magnetic field modulation region.
FIG. 7 is a flow chart of the optimization method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
It should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "back", etc. used in the present invention are for clarity of description only, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and the relative relationship between the terms and the terms is not limited by the technical contents of the essential changes.
With reference to fig. 1, the invention provides a strong-magnetic speed-increasing superconducting new energy conversion device, which comprises a permanent magnet linear stator (1), a superconducting magnetic field modulation linear rotor (2), a superconducting refrigeration device (3), a high-speed rotating rotor (5) and a segmented embedded spiral motor.
The permanent magnet linear stator (1) generates a static permanent magnet magnetic field with alternating polarity, and the static permanent magnet magnetic field penetrates through the superconducting magnetic field modulation linear rotor (2) which moves with waves at a low speed; the superconducting spiral rings (2-1) in the superconducting magnetic field modulation linear rotor (2) maintain a superconducting critical state under the action of a superconducting refrigerating device (3), continuously generate a Meissner effect, prevent a magnetic field between adjacent spiral magnetic adjusting rings (2-2) from penetrating, enable the magnetic field to form a magnetic circuit through the spiral magnetic adjusting rings (2-2), and form a magnetizing and bundling effect between the spiral magnetic adjusting rings (2-2).
The superconducting magnetic field modulation linear rotor (2) modulates a static linear traveling wave magnetic field with a low pole pair number generated by low-speed wave motion into a high-speed spiral magnetic field according to a magnetic field modulation principle, so that the spiral modulation magnetic ring (2-2) and the segmented embedded spiral permanent magnet (5-1) generate magnetic coupling to drive the high-speed rotary rotor (5) to move, and the generated alternating permanent magnetic field induces electric energy on a motor winding (6) so as to convert kinetic energy into electric energy.
The invention provides a strong-magnetic speed-increasing superconducting new energy conversion device which comprises main components such as an embedded permanent magnet linear stator (1), a superconducting magnetic field modulation linear rotor (2), a superconducting refrigerating device (3), a high-speed rotating rotor (5), a segmented embedded spiral motor (6) and the like, and is coaxially installed, wherein the specific structure is shown in figure 1.
A small air gap is formed among the embedded permanent magnet linear stator (1), the superconducting magnetic field modulation linear rotor (2) and the high-speed rotating rotor (5), the superconducting magnetic field modulation linear rotor (2) is arranged between the embedded permanent magnet linear stator and the superconducting magnetic field modulation linear rotor, the embedded linear stator (1) is fixed on the inner side, and the high-speed rotating rotor (5) is installed on the outer side.
The superconducting magnetic field modulation linear rotor (2) is connected with the buoy and does oscillating repetitive motion under the action of wave vertical excitation force, so that a static axial permanent magnetic field generated by the embedded permanent magnetic linear stator (1) is modulated into a spiral harmonic magnetic field, and the magnetic field is accelerated for the first time.
Referring to fig. 2, the linear stator (1) with embedded permanent magnets is designed in a cylindrical shape, and is composed of ring-shaped N-pole permanent magnets (104) and S-pole permanent magnets (103) with alternating polarities, ring-shaped magnetic conductive silicon steel (102) and a stainless steel non-magnetic conductive shaft body (101), N, S poles of the permanent magnets are alternately arranged and distributed along the axial direction in the magnetizing direction, and a magnetic conductive ring (102) with pole shoes made of silicon steel is embedded between the permanent magnets and the ring, so that a magnetic gathering effect is generated, and the magnetic field intensity is enhanced.
Referring to fig. 3, the superconducting magnetic field modulation linear rotor (2) adopts a double-helix structure, wherein the helical magnetic modulation ring (2-2) is made of 10 steel materials, and the number of unit helical rings is equal to the sum of the number of pole pairs of the embedded linear stator and the number of pole pairs of the permanent magnet helical high-speed rotor. The spiral high-temperature superconducting structure (2-1) is composed of an I-shaped high-temperature superconductor (200), a carbon fiber frame (201), a vacuum cavity (202) and a liquid nitrogen cooling (203) coolant, and the critical superconducting state of the superconductor is maintained through an external condenser (3), as shown in fig. 4.
The spiral harmonic magnetic field modulated by the magnetic field interacts with the embedded permanent magnet on the high-speed rotating rotor (5) to convert low-speed wave motion into high-speed rotating motion, so that the second acceleration of the wave motion is realized, and the conversion efficiency of wave energy is improved.
The high-speed rotating rotor (5) and the rotor (6) of the spiral generator adopt a magnetic coupling technology, the sectional type embedded permanent magnet on the rotor is not only used for coupling a spiral magnetic field so as to generate high-speed rotating motion, but also used as a magnetic force source of the spiral generator, and the winding converts wave energy into electric energy under the action of the moving magnetic force source so as to realize energy conversion.
Referring to fig. 5, the embedded permanent magnet adopts a segmented spiral embedded permanent magnet structure, which is divided into 8 segments in the circumference, only four segments are shown in the figure, each segment of the structure adopts 5 block embedded segmented spiral permanent magnets, and only permanent magnets with the same polarity, namely an N-pole permanent magnet (503) and an S-pole permanent magnet (502), exist in each segment, and are magnetized in the radial direction; the carbon fiber reinforced plastic composite material is embedded in a stainless steel sleeve (501) of a non-magnetic-conducting material, and the surface of the stainless steel sleeve is covered by the carbon fiber material, so that the mechanical strength and the waterproof capability are improved.
Meanwhile, in order to quickly provide a preliminary electromagnetic design scheme and optimize the design scheme on the basis, an electromagnetic analysis method is provided for the superconducting device provided by the invention, and then the parameter optimization is carried out by utilizing a Taguchi-PSO optimization theory.
First, with reasonable assumptions: the magnetic permeability of the silicon steel material in the new energy device structure is infinite; the magnetic conductivity of the permanent magnet is equivalent to vacuum magnetic conductivity; the magnetic field varies only in the axial direction; because of the Maissner effect, the high-temperature superconducting material forces the permanent magnetic force lines to pass through the modulation teeth, and the magnetic leakage rate is reduced, so that the magnetic conductivity of the superconducting spiral ring (2-1) is equivalent to the vacuum magnetic conductivity, and the axial equivalent magnetic conductivity is obtained as follows:
Figure BDA0002845775960000071
wherein, ΛspmIs the magnetic permeability, Λ, in the permanent-magnet region of a linear statoroagAnd ΛiagPermeability of the inner and outer air gaps, respectively, Λfm(z) is the permeability in the region of the superconducting field modulated linear mover (2), ΛrpmThe magnetic permeability of the permanent magnetic area of the high-speed rotating rotor (5). Lambdafm(z) permeability in the high temperature superconducting helical region of ΛfmAnd (z) ═ 0, and the magnetic permeability in the magnetic tuning ring region is infinite. Decomposing the axial equivalent magnetic conductivity by adopting Fourier series to obtain:
Figure BDA0002845775960000072
wherein λ is0Is the direct current component of the axial equivalent permeability, λmIs the m-th harmonic permeability, nfsThe number of the spiral magnetic adjusting rings in the calculation range is calculated, and L is the effective acting length which is equal to the axial length of the high-speed rotating rotor (5).
The magnetomotive force of the high-speed rotating mover (5) can be expressed by a Fourier series as:
Figure BDA0002845775960000073
wherein HscCoercive force of permanent magnet for high-speed rotation of mover (5), hspmIs the permanent magnet equivalent thickness, NspmThe number of pole pairs, z, of the permanent magnet of the rotor (5) is rotated at high speed0Is the initial position of the high-speed rotary mover (5). Thus, the magnetic flux density under the permanent magnetic excitation action of the high-speed rotating mover (5) is:
Figure BDA0002845775960000081
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0002845775960000082
has the same pole pair number as the high-speed rotary rotor (5),
Figure BDA0002845775960000083
having the same number of pole pairs as the linear stator, thus in
Figure BDA0002845775960000084
And under the action of the linear stator permanent magnet, torque transmission and acceleration movement are realized. In order to calculate a transmission torque expression, a current layer method is adopted to carry out equivalence on a permanent magnet of the permanent magnet linear stator (1), and the basic magnetomotive force is as follows:
Figure BDA0002845775960000085
wherein Hrc、hrpmAnd NrpmRespectively the coercive force, thickness and pole pair number, z, of the permanent magnet of the linear stator2Is its initial position. Therefore, the equivalent surface current of the linear stator permanent magnet can be obtained as follows:
Figure BDA0002845775960000086
by using the lorentz theorem, the torque generated by the embedded linear stator is:
Figure BDA0002845775960000087
wherein D islAnd theta is the electrical angle deviation from the center of the high-speed spiral permanent magnet to the center of the linear stator permanent magnet, wherein theta is the diameter of the linear stator:
θ＝2Nsphπz0/L+2Nrpmπz2/L。
when θ is equal to zero, the transmission torque obtains a maximum value:
Figure BDA0002845775960000088
according to the same derivation thought, the magnetic flux density under the excitation of the linear stator permanent magnet can be obtained as follows:
Figure BDA0002845775960000089
therefore, the moment generated by the high-speed rotating mover (5) can be obtained as follows:
Figure BDA0002845775960000091
wherein D ishThe diameter of the rotor (5) is high-speed rotation, and the transmission torque and lambda can be seen from the above formula1Proportional, i.e., proportional to the equivalent permeability in the field modulation region. As shown in fig. 6, the magnetic permeability waveform is an axisymmetric square wave, and can be expressed as:
Figure BDA0002845775960000092
wherein λs＝μ0/(hspm+hoag+hiag+hrpm)，λr＝μ0/(hfm+hspm+hoag+hiag+hrpm)，τhThe axial length, tau, of the spiral magnetic adjusting ring (2-2)fmThe pole pitch of the magnetic ring (2-2) is adjusted spirally when tauhIs taufmHalf the length, λ1Reaches a peak value of 2 (lambda)s-λr) And/pi. Because the high-temperature superconducting material repels magnetic lines in a critical state, the magnetic conductivity lambda between the spiral magnetic regulating rings is enabledrIs zero, so the transmission torque can be changed from 2 (lambda)s-λr) Increase of/to lambda1＝2λs/π。
The basic electromagnetic parameters of the superconducting device can be quickly given according to the design requirements by the electromagnetic field analytic method, and then the electromagnetic performance of the superconducting device is optimized by adopting a Taguchi-PSO-based method, so that the superconducting device has minimum torque fluctuation and maximum torque transmission capacity under the same volume. Because the PSO optimization method belongs to a global optimization method, the early convergence speed is high, but the defect that the later period is easy to fall into local optimization exists, the Taguchi method is adopted to improve the PSO optimization method, the range of the global optimal solution is determined firstly, then the PSO optimization algorithm is adopted to carry out optimization, and the purpose of accurate and rapid optimization is achieved.
The specific optimization process is shown in fig. 7, and firstly, the length proportionality coefficient of the spiral magnetic adjusting ring (2-2) and the superconducting spiral ring (2-1), the radial thickness of the magnetic adjusting ring, and the permanent magnet thickness of the high-speed spiral rotor and the linear stator are selected as design variables, namely factor variables in the Taguchi optimization, and torque fluctuation and torque transmission capacity are defined as quality characteristics.
To achieve the final quality characteristic, different values, called factor levels, are selected for each factor by size within a certain range. The number of factors, the level of the factors and the combination sequence of the factors form a complete test space, and the test combination and times are scientifically and reasonably arranged through a Taguchi orthogonal test table. The experimental combination is brought into the electromagnetic analysis calculation method of the superconducting device, and the torque fluctuation and torque transmission values under different combinations are calculated.
Analyzing the numerical result by adopting a mean value and signal-to-noise ratio criterion to obtain an optimal parameter optimization range, wherein the mean value Taguchi is designed to obtain the average response of each control factor level combination, and the expression is as follows:
Figure BDA0002845775960000093
while the signal-to-noise ratio is a measure of robustness used to confirm a reduction in the variability control factor by minimizing the effect of the noise factor, a larger value of the signal-to-noise ratio of the factor indicates a more pronounced minimization. Three different evaluation criteria of hope big, hope target, hope little can be divided into according to the different signal-to-noise ratios of response target:
Figure BDA0002845775960000101
the optimized objects are the minimum moment fluctuation and the maximum transmission moment, so that the expectation-maximization and expectation-minimization evaluation standard is adopted to obtain which level of each control factor has larger influence on the control factor, then the importance of different factors is sequenced by adopting a maximum difference method, namely, the average value and the maximum signal-to-noise ratio difference value are firstly obtained, then the values of the control factors are compared, the rank is ranked according to the difference value, the larger the difference value is, the smaller the rank is, the higher the importance of the corresponding value is, the relative importance of the control factors can be obtained, and finally the optimized design parameter combination of the Taguchi method is obtained.
After the optimal parameter combination is determined, a PSO optimization algorithm is executed in the range near the parameters, namely, initialization, particle evaluation, speed and position updating, Pbest and gbest value updating are carried out on the particle swarm, then convergence check is carried out, if the convergence condition is met, the optimal value of the electromagnetic parameters of the device is sought, and if the convergence condition cannot be met, iteration is returned to continue until the optimization result is converged.
By adopting the Taguchi-PSO optimization algorithm, on the basis of the electromagnetic analysis method of the superconducting device, the method can be improved by adopting the Taguchi method, the range of the global optimal solution is determined, and then the PSO optimization algorithm is adopted to perform optimization in the interval, so that the local optimal error result is not trapped, and meanwhile, the timeliness of the electromagnetic optimization of the superconducting device is ensured.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and all technical solutions belonging to the idea of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention. It should be noted that modifications and embellishments within the scope of the invention may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the principle of the invention.

Claims (8)

1. A strong-magnetic speed-increasing superconducting new energy conversion device is characterized by comprising a permanent magnet linear stator (1), a superconducting magnetic field modulation linear rotor (2), a superconducting refrigerating device (3), a high-speed rotating rotor (5) and a segmented embedded spiral motor;
the permanent magnet linear stator (1) generates a static permanent magnet magnetic field with alternating polarity, and the static permanent magnet magnetic field penetrates through the superconducting magnetic field modulation linear rotor (2) which moves with waves at a low speed; the superconducting spiral rings (2-1) in the superconducting magnetic field modulation linear rotor (2) maintain a superconducting critical state under the action of a superconducting refrigerating device (3), continuously generate a Meissner effect, prevent magnetic fields between adjacent spiral magnetic adjusting rings (2-2) from penetrating, enable the magnetic fields to form a magnetic circuit through the spiral magnetic adjusting rings (2-2), and form a magnetizing and bundling effect between the spiral magnetic adjusting rings (2-2);
the superconducting magnetic field modulation linear rotor (2) modulates a static linear traveling wave magnetic field with a low pole pair number generated by low-speed wave motion into a high-speed spiral magnetic field according to a magnetic field modulation principle, so that the spiral modulation magnetic ring (2-2) and the segmented embedded spiral permanent magnet (5-1) generate magnetic coupling to drive the high-speed rotary rotor (5) to move, and the generated high-frequency alternating permanent magnetic field induces electric energy on a motor winding (6) to convert kinetic energy into electric energy;
the superconducting magnetic field modulation linear rotor (2) is arranged between the permanent magnet linear stator (1) and the high-speed rotating rotor (5), and air gaps are formed between the permanent magnet linear stator (1) and the superconducting magnetic field modulation linear rotor (2) and between the superconducting magnetic field modulation linear rotor (2) and the high-speed rotating rotor (5).
2. The strong magnetic speed-increasing superconducting new energy conversion device according to claim 1, wherein the conversion device further comprises a refrigeration protection device (4) made of stainless steel material;
the superconducting refrigerating device (3) is arranged below the refrigerating protection device (4).
3. The strong-magnetic speed-increasing superconducting new energy conversion device according to claim 1, wherein the permanent-magnet linear stator (1) adopts a cylindrical structure and is composed of annular N-pole permanent magnets (104) and annular S-pole permanent magnets (103) with alternating polarities, a magnetic conductive ring with pole shoes (102) and a stainless steel non-magnetic conductive shaft body (101);
the N-pole permanent magnets (104) and the S-pole permanent magnets (103) are alternately arranged on the outer side of the non-magnetic-conductive shaft body (101) and distributed along the axial direction in the magnetizing direction, and a magnetic conductive ring (102) with pole shoes and made of silicon steel is embedded between the N-pole permanent magnets and the S-pole permanent magnets to generate a magnetic concentration effect.
4. The strong-magnet speed-increasing superconducting new energy conversion device according to claim 1, wherein the superconducting magnetic field modulation linear mover (2) adopts a double-spiral structure, wherein the spiral magnetic adjusting ring (2-2) is made of 10 steel materials, and the number of unit spiral rings is equal to the sum of the number of pole pairs of the permanent magnet linear stator and the number of pole pairs of the high-speed rotary mover.
5. The strong-magnetic speed-increasing superconducting new energy conversion device according to claim 4, wherein the superconducting spiral ring is composed of an I-shaped high-temperature superconductor (200), a carbon fiber frame (201), a vacuum cavity (202) and a liquid nitrogen coolant (203);
the I-shaped high-temperature superconductor (200) is arranged in a carbon fiber frame (201), and a vacuum cavity (202) is arranged in the carbon fiber frame (201); liquid nitrogen coolant (203) is filled in two containing cavities formed by the I-shaped high-temperature superconductor (200) and the carbon fiber frame (201), and the critical superconducting state of the I-shaped high-temperature superconductor (200) is kept through the superconducting refrigerating device (3).
6. The strong-magnetic speed-increasing superconducting new energy conversion device according to claim 1, wherein the embedded permanent magnet of the high-speed rotating rotor (5) is of a segmented spiral embedded permanent magnet structure, the embedded permanent magnet is divided into 8 segments in the circumference, each segment of the structure is of 5 pieces of embedded segmented spiral permanent magnets, and only permanent magnets with the same polarity exist in each segment: the N pole permanent magnet (503) and the S pole permanent magnet (502) adopt radial magnetization; the N pole permanent magnet (503) and the S pole permanent magnet (502) are embedded in a stainless steel sleeve (501) made of a non-magnetic material, and the surfaces of the N pole permanent magnet and the S pole permanent magnet are covered by carbon fiber materials.
7. A method for optimizing a strong-magnetic speed-increasing superconducting new energy conversion device is characterized in that the conversion device adopts the strong-magnetic speed-increasing superconducting new energy conversion device according to any one of claims 1 to 6;
the optimization method comprises the following steps:
s1, firstly, selecting the length proportionality coefficient of a spiral magnetic adjusting ring (2-2) and a superconducting spiral ring (2-1), the radial thickness of the magnetic adjusting ring, and the permanent magnet thickness of a high-speed rotating rotor (5) and a permanent magnet linear stator (1) as factor variables by adopting a Taguchi method, and defining torque fluctuation and torque transmission capacity as quality characteristics;
s2, selecting different values according to the size of each factor variable in a certain range, and defining the values as factor levels;
s3, combining the number of factors, the level of the factors and the combination sequence of the two to form a complete test space, and arranging a certain amount of test combination and times through an orthogonal test table;
s4, bringing the test combination into an electromagnetic analysis calculation model of the superconducting device, and calculating torque fluctuation and torque transmission values under different test combinations;
and S5, analyzing the numerical result by adopting the mean value and the signal-to-noise ratio to obtain the optimal parameter optimization range, and optimizing in the corresponding interval after the Taguchi method is optimized by adopting a PSO optimization algorithm to ensure that the conversion device has the minimum torque fluctuation and the maximum torque transmission capacity under the same volume.
8. The method for optimizing the new energy conversion device with strong magnetic acceleration and superconductivity as claimed in claim 7, wherein in step S4, the step of bringing the test combinations into the electromagnetic analysis calculation model of the superconducting device and calculating the torque fluctuation and torque transmission values under different test combinations comprises the following steps:
s41, setting the magnetic permeability of the silicon steel material in the new energy conversion device to be infinite, the magnetic permeability of the permanent magnet to be equivalent to vacuum magnetic permeability, changing the magnetic field only in the axial direction, and equally equating the magnetic permeability of the superconducting spiral ring (2-1) to be vacuum magnetic permeability to obtain axial equivalent magnetic permeability:
Figure FDA0003529228860000021
wherein, ΛspmIs the permeability, Λ, in the permanent magnet region of a linear statoroagAnd ΛiagPermeability of the inner and outer air gaps, respectively, Λfm(z) is the permeability in the region of the superconducting field modulated linear mover (2), ΛrpmIs the magnetic permeability of the permanent magnetic area of the high-speed rotating rotor (5)；Λfm(z) permeability in the high temperature superconducting helical region of Λfm(z) ═ 0, the permeability in the zone of the magnetic tuning ring is infinite;
decomposing the axial equivalent magnetic conductivity by adopting Fourier series to obtain:
Figure FDA0003529228860000022
wherein λ is0Is the direct current component of the axial equivalent permeability, λmIs the m-th harmonic permeability, nfsCalculating the number of the spiral magnetic adjusting rings in the range, wherein L is the effective acting length and is equal to the axial length of the high-speed rotating rotor;
s42, the magnetomotive force of the high-speed rotating mover (5) is expressed as:
Figure FDA0003529228860000023
wherein HscCoercive force of permanent magnet for high-speed rotation of mover (5), hspmIs the permanent magnet equivalent thickness, NspmThe number of pole pairs, z, of the permanent magnets of the rotor (5) is rotated at high speed0Is the initial position of the high-speed rotating rotor (5);
s43, the magnetic flux density under the permanent magnetic excitation action of the high-speed rotating rotor (5) is as follows:
Figure FDA0003529228860000031
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure FDA0003529228860000032
has the same pole pair number as the high-speed rotary rotor (5),
Figure FDA0003529228860000033
has the same pole pair number as the permanent magnet linear stator (1);
s44, performing equivalence on the permanent magnet of the permanent magnet linear stator by adopting a current layer method, wherein the basic magnetomotive force is as follows:
Figure FDA0003529228860000034
wherein Hrc、hrpmAnd NrpmRespectively the coercive force, thickness and pole pair number, z, of the permanent magnet of the linear stator2Is its initial position; the equivalent surface current of the linear stator permanent magnet is obtained as follows:
Figure FDA0003529228860000035
by using the lorentz theorem, the torque generated by the embedded linear stator is:
Figure FDA0003529228860000036
wherein D islAnd theta is the electrical angle deviation from the center of the high-speed spiral permanent magnet to the center of the linear stator permanent magnet, wherein theta is the diameter of the linear stator: theta 2Nspmπz0/L+2Nrpmπz2L; when θ is equal to zero, the transmission torque obtains a maximum value:
Figure FDA0003529228860000037
s45, the magnetic flux density under the excitation of the linear stator permanent magnet is obtained as:
Figure FDA0003529228860000038
the torque generated by the high-speed rotating rotor (5) is obtained as follows:
Figure FDA0003529228860000041
wherein D ishThe diameter of the rotor (5) is high-speed rotation, and the transmission torque and lambda can be seen from the above formula1Proportional to the equivalent permeability in the superconducting magnetic field modulation region;
the magnetic permeability waveform is an axisymmetric square wave and is expressed by Fourier series as follows:
Figure FDA0003529228860000042
in the formula, λs＝μ0/(hspm+hoag+hiag+hrpm)，λr＝μ0/(hfm+hspm+hoag+hiag+hrpm)，τhThe axial length, tau, of the spiral magnetic adjusting ring (2-2)fmThe pole pitch of the magnetic ring (2-2) is adjusted spirally when tauhIs taufmHalf the length, λ1Reaches a peak value of 2 (lambda)s-λr) N, when the high-temperature superconducting material is in a critical state, the transmission torque is from 2 (lambda)s-λr) Increase of/to lambda1＝2λs/π。
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