CN112781978A - In-situ tester for micromechanical property of variable-angle biaxial stretching and thermal field coupling material - Google Patents
In-situ tester for micromechanical property of variable-angle biaxial stretching and thermal field coupling material Download PDFInfo
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- CN112781978A CN112781978A CN202110122768.6A CN202110122768A CN112781978A CN 112781978 A CN112781978 A CN 112781978A CN 202110122768 A CN202110122768 A CN 202110122768A CN 112781978 A CN112781978 A CN 112781978A
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- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
- G01N3/06—Special adaptations of indicating or recording means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
- G01N3/06—Special adaptations of indicating or recording means
- G01N3/068—Special adaptations of indicating or recording means with optical indicating or recording means
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
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- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0001—Type of application of the stress
- G01N2203/0003—Steady
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0016—Tensile or compressive
- G01N2203/0017—Tensile
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
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- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
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- G01N2203/0222—Temperature
- G01N2203/0226—High temperature; Heating means
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- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
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- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
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- G01N2203/0641—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means using optical, X-ray, ultraviolet, infrared or similar detectors
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种变角度双轴拉伸与热场耦合材料微观力学性能原位测试仪，包括底座，以及设在底座上的角度调节机构、拉伸机构、夹具固定机构、作用力检测机构、位移检测机构、微观观测机构、热偶场合加热机构；拉伸机构包括固定拉伸部和活动拉伸部，固定拉伸部固定底座上，角度调节机构调节活动拉伸部的旋转角度；夹具固定机构对测试试件进行夹持；作用力检测机构位于夹具固定机构上；位移检测机构与拉伸机构固定相连，对测试试件的拉伸位移进行检测；微观观测机构位于测试试件上方；热偶场合加热机构对测试试件环境进行加热。本发明能有效解决传统拉伸测试装置体积大、难以进行原位实时动态监测以及不能充分反映材料服役工况的问题。
The invention relates to an in-situ tester for the micromechanical properties of a variable-angle biaxial stretching and thermal field coupling material, comprising a base, and an angle adjustment mechanism, a stretching mechanism, a fixture fixing mechanism, a force detection mechanism, Displacement detection mechanism, microscopic observation mechanism, heating mechanism for thermocouple applications; the stretching mechanism includes a fixed stretching part and a movable stretching part, the fixed stretching part is fixed on the base, and the angle adjustment mechanism adjusts the rotation angle of the movable stretching part; the fixture is fixed The mechanism clamps the test specimen; the force detection mechanism is located on the fixture fixing mechanism; the displacement detection mechanism is fixedly connected with the tensile mechanism to detect the tensile displacement of the test specimen; the microscopic observation mechanism is located above the test specimen; Occasionally, the heating mechanism heats the test specimen environment. The invention can effectively solve the problems that the traditional tensile testing device has a large volume, is difficult to perform in-situ real-time dynamic monitoring and cannot fully reflect the service conditions of the material.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of precision instruments, in particular to an in-situ tester for the micromechanical property of a variable-angle biaxial stretching and thermal field coupling material.
Background
With the progress of science and technology, people have higher and higher requirements on products, and the use working conditions of product parts are more and more complicated. Various materials and products thereof are generally subjected to the combined action of various loads in the actual service process, and the complex stress state can aggravate the failure and damage of the materials. Before the new material is put into the engineering field, the mechanical property of the new material needs to be detected by a material testing instrument so as to obtain the performance parameters and the structural characteristics of the material, thereby ensuring the reliability and the safety of the product and avoiding causing great economic loss and personal danger. The service working condition of the test simulation material can reflect the stress state of the material in the service process, and can provide the most valuable reference for the preparation, engineering design and application of the material. According to the test simulation result, the mechanical property of the material can be reflected most objectively, and various factors influencing the failure of the material can be analyzed, so that the evolution and failure mechanism of the material damage under the service working condition can be deduced.
The tensile test instrument is a material test instrument which is commonly used and more basic at present and is used for testing mechanical property parameters of materials. During the experiment, the movable cross beam is adjusted to a proper position, the standard test piece is in a plumb state and is clamped when being positioned at the middle position, then the standard test piece is loaded to be stretched, and the tensile fatigue loading is in accordance with the actual working conditions of the structural part and the functional part in the actual production, so the method is often adopted. However, the conventional tensile testing device has a problem of large volume, and the test under the conventional device belongs to 'ex-situ' tensile test, that is, in the dynamic process of the test, the in-situ real-time dynamic monitoring of a tested piece under the tensile loading working condition cannot be carried out by means of microscopic imaging components such as a scanning electron microscope, a Raman spectrometer, a laser confocal microscope or an ultra-depth-of-field microscope and the like.
In addition, some instruments are integrated with imaging devices such as a scanning metallographic microscope and the like in order to obtain microscopic images of microscopic deformation and failure behaviors of the material, so that the instruments are designed in a miniaturized mode, and the size of a test piece is far smaller than that of a traditional force performance test piece. In addition, the test piece experimental data of the traditional biaxial stretching instrument is only limited in the orthogonal direction, and the service working condition of the material cannot be fully reflected. Therefore, a new technical solution is needed to be designed to comprehensively solve the problems in the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an in-situ tester for the micromechanical property of a variable-angle biaxial stretching and thermal field coupling material, which can effectively solve the problems that the traditional stretching testing device is large in size, is difficult to carry out in-situ real-time dynamic monitoring and cannot fully reflect the service working condition of the material.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
an in-situ tester for the micromechanical property of a variable-angle biaxial stretching and thermal field coupling material comprises a base, an angle adjusting mechanism, a stretching mechanism, a clamp fixing mechanism, an acting force detection mechanism, a displacement detection mechanism, a microscopic observation mechanism and a thermocouple occasion heating mechanism, wherein the angle adjusting mechanism is arranged on the base and used for adjusting the biaxial stretching angle; the stretching mechanism comprises a fixed stretching part and a movable stretching part which are arranged in a crossed mode, the fixed stretching part is arranged on a fixed base, the movable stretching part is arranged on an angle adjusting mechanism, and the angle adjusting mechanism adjusts the rotating angle of the movable stretching part to perform a test specimen angle-variable biaxial stretching test; the clamp fixing mechanism clamps the test piece and fixes the test piece on the stretching mechanism; the acting force detection mechanism is positioned on the clamp fixing mechanism and is used for detecting the load borne by the test specimen; the displacement detection mechanism is fixedly connected with the stretching mechanism and is used for detecting the stretching displacement of the test piece; the microscopic observation mechanism is positioned above the test specimen and is used for observing the test specimen in the test; and the thermocouple occasion heating mechanism heats the test piece environment.
Preferably, the angle adjusting mechanism comprises a driving motor arranged on the base, and a traction gear and a driven gear ring which are connected in a meshed manner, wherein a circular ring-shaped slide rail is arranged on the base, sliders matched with the circular ring-shaped slide rail are arranged below the driven gear ring at intervals, the driving motor drives the traction gear to move to drive the driven gear ring and the sliders to rotate in the circular ring-shaped slide rail by taking the circle center of the driven gear ring as the center, a rotating plate is fixedly arranged above the driven gear ring, the rotating plate is arranged along the radial direction of the driven gear ring, and the movable stretching part is fixed on the.
Preferably, the angle adjusting mechanism further comprises a plurality of photoelectric sensors electrically connected with the driving motor, the photoelectric sensors are distributed on the base, the driving motor drives the rotating plate to rotate, the photoelectric sensors are started when passing through the photoelectric sensors, the driving motor stops running, and the rotating plate is positioned.
Preferably, the photoelectric sensors are four, and the four photoelectric sensors are respectively arranged at positions 60 degrees and 45 degrees away from the straight line of the fixed stretching part.
Preferably, the fixed stretching part and the movable stretching part respectively comprise a bidirectional screw rod, a screw rod seat, a gear set and a servo motor, wherein the gear set comprises a first gear and a second gear which are meshed with each other; the test device comprises a bidirectional screw, a test specimen, a clamp fixing device, two screw seats and a linear guide rail, wherein the two screw seats are sleeved on the bidirectional screw, the test specimen is arranged between the two screw seats through the clamp fixing device, and the linear guide rail with the length direction consistent with the axial direction of the bidirectional screw is arranged below the two screw seats;
the test piece testing device comprises a base, a two-way screw rod, a servo motor, a linear guide rail, two screw rod seats, a first gear, a second gear and a stretching part, wherein the linear guide rail for fixing the stretching part is fixed on the base, the two screw rod seats are in sliding connection with the corresponding linear guide rails, one end of the two-way screw rod is fixed on the base through a supporting seat, the two-way screw rod is arranged on the supporting seat in a rotating mode along the circumferential direction of the two-way screw rod, the other end of the two-way screw rod is provided with the;
the linear guide of activity tensile portion fixes on the rotor plate, two lead screw seats all rather than the linear guide sliding connection who corresponds, the one end of two-way lead screw is passed through the supporting seat and is fixed on the rotor plate, and two-way lead screw establishes on the supporting seat along its self circumferential direction, the other end of two-way lead screw is equipped with first gear, the second gear passes through the supporting seat and links to each other with servo motor, servo motor drive second gear rotates, drive two-way lead screw and rotate, order about two lead screw seats along two-way lead screw circumferential direction synchronous motion, tensile or extrusion test piece.
Preferably, the fixture fixing mechanism comprises an upper fixture plate and a lower fixture plate which are connected through a threaded hole and a screw, a dovetail groove is formed in one side of the lower fixture plate, which is in contact with the test specimen, a screw hole for fixing the test specimen is formed in the dovetail groove, a boss matched with the dovetail groove is arranged on one side of the upper fixture plate, which is in contact with the test specimen, the test specimen is arranged in the dovetail groove and fixed between the upper fixture plate and the lower fixture plate through the screw, and the lower fixture plate is fixed on the screw seat.
Preferably, effort detection mechanism includes force sensor, force sensor passes through the anchor clamps backup pad and installs on the lead screw seat, the anchor clamps backup pad includes the support riser of the flat board of support parallel with the anchor clamps hypoplastron and perpendicular to anchor clamps hypoplastron, the one end at the nearly lead screw seat of support flat board is established to the support riser, force sensor establishes between support riser and the lead screw seat.
Preferably, the displacement detection mechanism comprises spring clamps and displacement sensors, the number of the spring clamps is consistent with that of the screw seats, the spring clamps are fixedly connected with the corresponding screw seats respectively, two ends of each displacement sensor are installed on the spring clamps on the same bidirectional screw respectively, and the displacement sensors detect axial displacement of the screw seats on the same bidirectional screw.
Preferably, the microscopic observation mechanism is installed on the base through a support, the support is arranged at the corner position of the base, the microscopic observation mechanism is rotatably arranged on the support to carry out microscopic observation on the test piece, and the microscopic observation mechanism is a Raman spectrometer, an X-ray diffractometer, a super-depth-of-field microscope or an optical microscope.
Preferably, the thermocouple occasion heating mechanism comprises a mounting seat, a halogen lamp and an adjusting frame for adjusting the heating height and angle of the halogen lamp, the halogen lamp is fixedly mounted at one end of the adjusting frame, the other end of the adjusting frame is detachably mounted on the mounting seat, and the mounting seat is fixedly mounted on the base.
The in-situ tester for the micromechanical property of the variable-angle biaxial stretching and thermal field coupling material provided by the technical scheme is characterized in that an angle adjusting mechanism, a stretching mechanism, a clamp fixing mechanism, an acting force detection mechanism, a displacement detection mechanism, a microscopic observation mechanism and a thermocouple occasion heating mechanism are arranged on a base; the biaxial stretching of the preset included angle is realized through the angle adjusting mechanism, and then the test is carried out, so that the influence of biaxial load at any angle on the deformation and damage of the material under the real service working condition of the material can be well simulated, the failure mechanism of the material under the bidirectional stress at any angle can be further disclosed, and favorable reference is provided for the safety design of the service material under the unidirectional and complex plane stress; meanwhile, the heating mechanism in the thermocouple occasion can provide guarantee for researching the mechanical properties of various materials under different loads and thermal field coupling, is suitable for in-situ biaxial stretching and variable-angle biaxial stretching tests of the microscopic mechanical properties of metal materials and non-metal materials, provides data reference for researching the microscopic damage evolution law and failure mechanism of the metal materials and the non-metal materials, and effectively promotes the preparation and utilization of the materials.
The angle adjustment is realized by adopting the mutually meshed traction gear and the driven gear ring, the traction gear is driven by the driving motor to rotate the driven gear ring, so that the movable stretching part arranged on the driven gear ring rotating plate is driven to rotate, and the angle adjustment of the fixed stretching part and the movable stretching part is realized; in addition, in order to improve the accuracy of angle adjustment, a photoelectric sensor can be arranged in the path area of the rotating plate, and the operation of the driving motor is closed after the rotating plate moves to the preset angle by utilizing the electric connection action of the photoelectric sensor and the driving motor, so that the angle adjustment and fixation of the movable stretching part are realized.
The stretching mechanism adopts the bidirectional screw rod and the screw rod seat to be matched for use, realizes synchronous axial movement of the screw rod seat on the bidirectional screw rod by utilizing the bidirectional threads of the bidirectional screw rod so as to realize stretching or extrusion of a test piece, and simultaneously adopts the displacement sensor to measure the test piece, so that the displacement change of the test piece can be detected in real time; and similarly, a force sensor is arranged between the screw rod seat and the clamp fixing mechanism, and the load of the test specimen is measured through the force sensor.
In order to ensure the clamping stability of the test piece, the fixture fixing mechanism is set to be in a structure comprising an upper fixture plate and a lower fixture plate, a dovetail groove is formed in the lower fixture plate, a hole is formed in the dovetail groove, a boss is arranged on the upper fixture plate, the test piece is clamped and fixed by utilizing the matching effect of the boss and the dovetail groove, and meanwhile, the test piece is connected through threads, so that the test piece is convenient to replace and adjust.
Finally, a microcosmic observation mechanism is rotatably arranged on the base, microcosmic observation is carried out on the test piece by using the microcosmic observation mechanism, the support can be rotatably arranged at different angles, so that the test piece can be conveniently and fully observed, and the problem that the traditional equipment is difficult to accurately acquire a tensile stress-strain curve of a material is effectively solved; through setting up thermocouple occasion heating mechanism, utilize the environment of halogen lamp test piece to heat, the halogen lamp can reach required temperature to small-size test piece in the short time, and angle and height-adjustable can make it test the test piece that requires the material to different temperatures, greatly increased test instrument's range of application.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an in-situ tester for the micromechanical properties of a variable-angle biaxial stretching and thermal field coupling material according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a top view of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of the fixture attachment apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is an assembled view of the movable stretching section axial force loading unit;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the axial loading unit of the movable stretching part undergoing deformation under force;
FIG. 6 is a theoretical model of a test specimen;
FIG. 7 is a drawing of machining error correction;
fig. 8 is a front view of the test specimen at various rotation angles.
In the figure: 1. a base; 2. an angle adjusting mechanism; 21. a traction gear; 22. a driven gear ring; 23. a slider; 24. a circular slide rail; 25. a rotating plate; 26. a photosensor; 3. a stretching mechanism; 31. a bidirectional lead screw; 32. a supporting seat; 33. a first gear; 34. a servo motor; 35. a second gear; 36. a lead screw seat; 37. a linear guide rail; 4. a clamp fixing mechanism; 41. a clamp lower plate; 42. the clamp is used for mounting a plate; 43. a dovetail groove; 44. a boss; 45. a clamp support plate; 5. a force sensor; 6. a spring clamp; 7. a displacement sensor; 8. a microscopic observation mechanism; 81. a support; 9. a thermocouple occasion heating mechanism; 91. a halogen lamp; 92. an adjusting bracket; 93. a mounting seat; 10. and (6) testing the test piece.
Detailed Description
In order that the objects and advantages of the invention will be more clearly understood, the following description is given in conjunction with the accompanying examples. It is to be understood that the following text is merely illustrative of one or more specific embodiments of the invention and does not strictly limit the scope of the invention as specifically claimed.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is shown in figures 1-4, and the in-situ tester for the micromechanical property of the variable-angle biaxial stretching and thermal field coupling material comprises a base 1, and an angle adjusting mechanism 2, a stretching mechanism 3, a clamp fixing mechanism 4, an acting force detection mechanism, a displacement detection mechanism, a microscopic observation mechanism 8 and a thermocouple occasion heating mechanism 9 which are arranged on the base 1 and used for fixing a test piece 10 to be tested; the angle adjusting mechanism 2 is arranged on the base 1 and comprises an annular slide rail 24, a traction gear 21 and a driven gear ring 22, the traction gear 21 is arranged at the central position of the base 1, a rotary servo motor drives the traction gear 21 to rotate so as to drive the driven gear ring 22 to rotate and generate a degree of freedom in the horizontal direction, the upper end of the driven gear ring 22 is fixedly connected with a rotating plate 25, a movable stretching part of the stretching mechanism 3 is fixed on a rotating plate, the lower end of the stretching mechanism is fixedly connected with a sliding block 23 and rotates on the annular slide rail 24 around the center of the sliding block 23, the rotary servo motor is started to drive the traction gear 21 to rotate so as to drive the driven gear ring 22 to rotate, and then the rotating plate 25 rotates, so that the change of an; meanwhile, if the specified rotation angle is to be measured accurately, four photoelectric sensors 26 electrically connected with a rotary servo motor are mounted on the bottom plate, in this embodiment, the four photoelectric sensors 26 are respectively mounted at positions 60 ° and 45 ° away from the straight line where the fixed stretching portion is located, so that when the rotary plate 25 rotates from the state perpendicular to the fixed stretching portion to the state of forming an included angle of 60 ° or 45 ° with the fixed stretching portion, referring to the structure shown in fig. 8, the rotary servo motor is turned off, the traction gear 21 and the driven gear ring 22 stop rotating, that is, the rotation angle of the rotary plate 25 is accurately positioned, and the amount of tensile deformation at the specified rotation angle is measured at the same time.
The stretching mechanism 3 comprises the movable stretching part and the fixed stretching part which are arranged in a crossed manner, the fixed stretching part and the movable stretching part respectively comprise a bidirectional screw 31, a screw seat 36, a gear set and a servo motor, and the gear set comprises a first gear 33 and a second gear 35 which are meshed with each other; the two screw seats 36 are arranged and are sleeved on the bidirectional screw 31, the test specimen 10 is arranged between the two screw seats 36 through a fixture fixing device, and a linear guide rail 37 with the length direction consistent with the axial direction of the bidirectional screw 31 is arranged below the two screw seats 36; the linear guide rail 37 for fixing the stretching part is fixed on the base 1, the two screw seats 36 are slidably connected with the corresponding linear guide rail 37, one end of the bidirectional screw 31 is fixed on the base 1 through the supporting seat 32, the bidirectional screw 31 is rotatably arranged on the supporting seat 32 along the circumferential direction thereof, the other end of the bidirectional screw 31 is provided with a first gear 33, a second gear 35 is connected with the servo motor through the supporting seat 32, the servo motor 34 drives the second gear 35 to rotate to drive the bidirectional screw 31 to rotate, so that the two screw seats 36 are driven to synchronously move along the axial direction of the bidirectional screw 31 to stretch or extrude the test piece 10; the linear guide rail 37 of the movable stretching part is fixed on the rotating plate 25, the two lead screw seats 36 are both connected with the corresponding linear guide rail 37 in a sliding manner, one end of the bidirectional lead screw 31 is fixed on the rotating plate 25 through the supporting seat 32, the bidirectional lead screw 31 is arranged on the supporting seat 32 in a circumferential direction, the other end of the bidirectional lead screw 31 is provided with a first gear 33, the second gear 35 is connected with a servo motor 34 through the supporting seat 32, the servo motor 34 drives the second gear 35 to rotate to drive the bidirectional lead screw 31 to rotate, and the two lead screw seats 36 are driven to synchronously move along the circumferential direction of the bidirectional lead screw 31 to stretch or extrude the test piece 10; in order to improve the flexibility of the screw seat and reduce the manufacturing difficulty, the lower ends of the screw seats of the fixed stretching part and the movable stretching part are also provided with guide blocks in sliding fit with the linear guide rails.
As shown in fig. 3, the fixture fixing mechanism 4 includes an upper fixture plate 42 and a lower fixture plate 41, the upper fixture plate 42 and the lower fixture plate 41 are both provided with a plurality of threaded holes, the test specimen 10 is placed between the upper fixture plate 42 and the lower fixture plate 41, one side of the lower fixture plate 41 close to the test specimen 10 is provided with a dovetail groove 43, one side of the upper fixture plate 42 close to the test specimen 10 is provided with a boss 44, the dovetail groove 43 and the boss 44 are in the same shape and are used in a matching manner, so that the test specimen 10 is fixed between the upper fixture plate 42 and the lower fixture plate 41, and an inner hexagonal countersunk screw passes through the threaded hole to realize the fastening connection of the upper fixture plate 42 and; in addition, threaded holes are also formed in the dovetail grooves 43 of the lower clamp plate 41, holes are formed in corresponding positions on the test specimen 10, pre-tightening of the test specimen 10 can be better guaranteed by using screws, and the test specimen 10 is fastened in the dovetail grooves 43 of the lower clamp plate 41; stripes for increasing friction are arranged in the groove of the dovetail groove 43 and on the table surface of the boss 44; besides, the fixture fixing mechanism 4 further comprises a fixture supporting plate 45, the fixture lower plate 41 is fixed on the fixture supporting plate 45 through a threaded hole and a screw, the fixture supporting plate 45 comprises a supporting flat plate parallel to the fixture lower plate 41 and a supporting vertical plate perpendicular to the fixture lower plate 41, the acting force detecting mechanism comprises a force sensor 5, the supporting vertical plate is arranged at one end of the supporting flat plate close to the screw seat 36, and the force sensor 5 is arranged between the supporting vertical plate and the screw seat 36.
Referring to fig. 4, the displacement detection mechanism includes a spring clamp 6 and a displacement sensor 7, the lower end of the spring clamp is locked by a fastening bolt, the number of the spring clamp 6 is consistent with the number of the screw seats 36, and the spring clamp 6 is respectively fixedly connected with the corresponding screw seats 36, two ends of the displacement sensor 7 are respectively installed on the spring clamp 6 on the same bidirectional screw 31, the displacement sensor 7 detects the axial displacement of the screw seats 36 on the same bidirectional screw 31, and is used for recording the size of the displacement when the test specimen 10 is loaded, and indirectly measuring the axial displacement of the test specimen 10 on the bidirectional screw 31.
In this embodiment, the microscopic observation mechanism 8 is installed on the base 1 through the support 81, the support 81 is arranged at the corner position of the base 1, the microscopic observation mechanism 8 is rotatably arranged on the support 81 to microscopically observe the test specimen 10, the microscopic observation mechanism 8 is an optical microscope, and meanwhile, a Raman spectrometer, an X-ray diffractometer, a super-depth-of-field microscope and the like can also be selected.
The thermocouple occasion heating mechanism 9 comprises a mounting seat 93, a 1000W high-power halogen lamp 91 and an adjusting frame 92 for adjusting the heating height and angle of the halogen lamp 91, wherein the halogen lamp 91 is fixedly arranged at one end of the adjusting frame 92, the other end of the adjusting frame 92 is detachably arranged on the mounting seat 93, and the mounting seat 93 is fixedly arranged on the base 1; the halogen lamp 91 with the high power of 1000W can enable a small test piece to reach the required temperature in a short time, the halogen lamp 91 is used for heating the test piece 10 and is fixed on the mounting seat 93 through the adjusting frame 92 with adjustable angle and height, so that the test on the test piece 10 made of materials with different temperature requirements is realized, and the application range of the test instrument is greatly enlarged.
The following is to perform algorithm analysis and structure correction on the micro-mechanical property in-situ tester of the variable-angle biaxial stretching and thermal field coupling material of the above embodiment.
The test specimen that this embodiment adopted is the flat plate test piece of symmetry form, according to the different functions in its experiment, divide into the gauge length part, the transition part, the clamping part, the gauge length part is the part that the specimen width is minimum, in the experimentation, this part is the cracked region of deformation production, and can carry out the normal position observation through the metallographic microscope, the transition part is in order to reduce stress concentration phenomenon, make the fracture of specimen probably produce at the gauge length part, the clamping part is the part that the specimen width is maximum, the great area of contact of specimen and anchor clamps has been guaranteed, frictional force has been increased, mainly play the effect of fixed test piece.
The following algorithm for correcting machining error and elastic modulus is first performed
As shown in fig. 6(b), it can be seen that before the test specimen is stretched, due to the processing error of the device, the horizontal planes of the screw seats on both sides are not at the same height, so that the specimen generates a certain inclination in the clamping process, the central lines of the screw seats are not in the same plane, so that the specimen generates bending stress due to the processing error of the device in the test process, and it is difficult to accurately measure the tensile deformation of the specimen on the horizontal plane, and therefore, an algorithm compensation method is provided to obtain the actual stress condition of the specimen, that is, the actual load of the specimen is calculated through the force decomposition projection.
The specific parameters of the force sensor used in this example are as follows:
the force sensor is fixed on the screw seat, when the unit starts to work in the X-axis direction (movable stretching part), the force sensor measures the tension of one end of the test piece, and since the bidirectional screw rotates for one circle, the forces generated by the two screw nuts are equal and opposite, the tension measured by the force sensor is F, and a theoretical model is established as shown in FIG. 6.
When the center section and the vertical plane of the test piece are not in the same plane, as shown in the processing error correction chart of fig. 7, the distance from the tensile force applied to the test piece to the center line is set to be L1，L2The thickness of the test piece is h, Wa，Wb，Wc，Wb，WeTo a corresponding width, La，Lb，LC，Ld，LeThe length is the corresponding length, the bending moment W to which the test piece is subjected:
W＝Fα×L1+Fα×L2
when the test piece is stillIn the elastic phase, the test piece is subjected to a bending moment to produce a stress sigma1Stress σ due to tensile force2It can be expressed as:
the further derivation is:
when the test piece forms an included angle with the horizontal plane, the inclined angle between the test piece and the horizontal plane is set as alpha,
the horizontal actual tensile force F of the test piece in the projection directionαTensile force F in the vertical directiont：
Ft＝F×cos a Fα＝F×cos a
The actual tensile force F of the test pieceβComprises the following steps:
according to a method for correcting calculation errors of elastic modulus caused by clamping positions, which is proposed by Marzhi super et al of Jilin university, in combination with practical conditions of the invention, when a test piece is in an elastic stage, r is a circular arc radius and W is a circular arc radius in a transition area in a graphbAnd lbThe relationship of (1) is:
as shown in FIG. 6, when the specimen is in the elastic phase, the variation Δ L of the gauge length portion, the transition portion, and the clamping portion ise，ΔLd，ΔLcIs our desired amount, wherein EaIs the actual modulus of elasticity.
Similarly, the amount of strain Δ L of the clamping portionaComprises the following steps:
according to the established mathematical model, the Delta L can be obtainedcComprises the following steps:
the total strain Δ L is then:
modulus of elasticity E is further deducedm：
Due to W in the figurea，Wb，Wc，Wb，We，La，Lb，，Lc，Ld，LeH are known, and after correction, E is obtaineda＝12.01Em。
Correction algorithm for frame deformation
Since the LVDT displacement sensor is fixed to the support of the jig and the deformation of the entire load cell element is also integrated into the total deformation measured during the test, it is necessary to analyze the deformation of the entire apparatus and remove the deformation in the later test analysis. Fig. 4 shows a structural assembly view of the X (i.e., the movable stretching portion) axial force loading unit.
Assuming that the resulting deformation of the loading unit is Δ lat, and the total deformation measured by the displacement sensor is Δ lat, it can be expressed as:
Δ L total ═ Δ L racks
In the loading process, connecting pieces such as a clamp fixing mechanism, a force sensor supporting frame and a guide block are likely to deform to different degrees, and it is difficult and complicated to accurately measure the deformation of each connecting piece. The deformation of the frame is obtained by an indirect measuring method, namely, the deformation of the test piece between the two clamp bodies is measured by using a displacement sensor, and then the deformation of the whole frame is obtained by subtracting the deformation of the test piece from the total deformation.
Using a displacement sensor, the specific parameters are as follows:
the displacement sensor is fixed on the spring clamp through the fastening bolt, when the X axial loading unit works, the displacement sensor measures the displacement of the clamp body on one side, and due to the fact that the bidirectional screw rod rotates for one circle, the displacements generated by the two screw rod nuts are equal in size and opposite in direction, the displacement sensor is arranged to measure the displacement delta L1Then the frame deformation can be expressed as:
in the experiment, a loading force value is selected as an independent variable, the test piece is subjected to plastic deformation due to the small measuring range of the displacement sensor, the displacement sensor exceeds the range, the force value change range of the elastic deformation stage of the test piece is selected as the limiting condition of the independent variable, red copper is used as a test material, and the extracted force values are respectively 25N, 500N, 125N, 150N, 175N, 200N, 225N, 250N and 275N. Three sets of tests were performed, and the force values and deflection were averaged to find the gantry deflection 2 × Δ L gantry ═ Δ L-2 × Δ L1The amount and the loading force are in a linear relation, if the flexibility coefficient of the frame is C and the loading force is F, the following steps are carried out:
Δ L gantry ═ F × C + a
The relation between the loading force and the deformation obtained by the testComprises the following steps: y is 6.34X 10-4+0.00024, the coefficient 0.000024mm is negligible due to the resolution of the displacement sensor being 0.1 μm, and the frame compliance coefficient C of the X-loading unit can be takenxIs 6.34X 10-4。
Similarly, the frame compliance coefficient C of the loading unit in the Y direction can be obtainedyIs 1.235X 10-3. When 6061 aluminum was used as a test material, the frame compliance coefficients in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction were 6.31X 10, respectively-4And 1.234X 10-3Compared with the rack flexibility obtained by taking red copper as a test piece, the errors are 0.2 percent and 0.8 percent, which are both less than 5 percent, the measured rack flexibility can be considered to meet the test of other materials, and the average value of two groups of coefficients is taken, so that the following steps are provided:
total of L F × 6.34 × 10-4+ΔL (1)
Δ L total ═ F × 1.235 × 10-3+ΔL (2)
Since the deformation of the frame is linear with the loading force over the loading range of the device, equations (1) and (2) apply throughout the test phase, and the strain in the X-axis (active stretching) and Y-axis (fixed stretching) can be expressed as:
from the formulas (1) and (2), it can be seen that when the force is 1000N, the deformation of the rack is large, and the rack must be removed from the total deformation, so that the miniaturization of the device components reduces the rigidity of the whole machine, and the calculation method of the rack flexibility can be popularized to the design and calibration of the in-situ test device.
The present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and those skilled in the art can make various equivalent changes and substitutions without departing from the principle of the present invention after learning the content of the present invention, and these equivalent changes and substitutions should be considered as belonging to the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
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