CN112780441A - Variable flow passage ramjet engine and design and adjustment method - Google Patents
Variable flow passage ramjet engine and design and adjustment method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112780441A CN112780441A CN201911071485.2A CN201911071485A CN112780441A CN 112780441 A CN112780441 A CN 112780441A CN 201911071485 A CN201911071485 A CN 201911071485A CN 112780441 A CN112780441 A CN 112780441A
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- air inlet
- adjustable
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02K—JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02K7/00—Plants in which the working fluid is used in a jet only, i.e. the plants not having a turbine or other engine driving a compressor or a ducted fan; Control thereof
- F02K7/10—Plants in which the working fluid is used in a jet only, i.e. the plants not having a turbine or other engine driving a compressor or a ducted fan; Control thereof characterised by having ram-action compression, i.e. aero-thermo-dynamic-ducts or ram-jet engines
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
- F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
- F23R3/42—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the arrangement or form of the flame tubes or combustion chambers
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- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a variable flow passage ramjet engine and a design and adjustment method thereof, wherein the variable flow passage ramjet engine comprises an air inlet passage, a combustion chamber and a spray pipe, wherein a fixed clapboard is arranged in the combustion chamber to divide a flow passage of the combustion chamber into a shared flow passage and a second flow passage, an adjustable clapboard is arranged at one end of the fixed clapboard close to the air inlet passage, the adjustable clapboard can rotate, and the change of the flow passage of the engine is realized by adjusting the position of the adjustable clapboard. The combustion chamber is provided with the fixed partition plate, the adjustable partition plate connected with the combustion chamber is adjusted, the engine flow passage is adjustable, and the effect of simultaneously adjusting the air inlet passage throat and the combustion chamber thermal power throat can be achieved without arranging a spray pipe adjustable device.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a variable flow passage ramjet engine and a design and adjustment method thereof, belonging to the technical field of ramjets.
Background
The optimal channels corresponding to the ramjet under different flight Mach numbers are different, the performance of the ramjet with the fixed geometric channel is sharply reduced when the operating Mach number of the ramjet is too large, the ramjet with the too small operating Mach number is subjected to extremely large overflow and no-start risks, and the suitable operating Mach number range is narrow. The most fundamental way for widening the working Mach number range of the ramjet and improving the performance of the ramjet is to realize the adjustability of the engine flow channel, so that the flow channel can be well matched with the incoming flow conditions when the ramjet works under different flight Mach numbers. The method is characterized in that the flow channel of the engine is completely flexible and adjustable, so that the working flow channel of the engine under different Mach numbers is almost impossible to achieve the best, a part of a certain engine part is mainly adjusted in engineering, and an adjustable air inlet channel and an adjustable spray pipe are two technical means which are commonly used at present.
The adjustable air inlet channel technology is used for improving the performance of the air inlet channel by adjusting the local part of the air inlet channel, so that the overall performance of an engine is improved. As shown in fig. 1, an adjustable partition plate is installed in the inlet, and the flow passage area of the inlet is changed by adjusting the partition plate.
The adjustable jet pipe is divided into the adjustable jet pipe throat and the adjustable jet pipe outlet area, the adjustable jet pipe throat technology changes the pressure of the combustion chamber by adjusting the area of the jet pipe throat, so that the combustion chamber and the air inlet channel can be better matched in work, and the overall performance of the engine is improved. The nozzle outlet area adjustable technology improves the thrust performance of the engine by changing the expansion ratio of the nozzle to enable the expansion acceleration of airflow in the nozzle to be in an optimal state.
Theoretically, the engine performance is better by simultaneously adopting an air inlet channel adjustable technology, a spray pipe throat adjustable technology and a spray pipe outlet area adjustable technology, but a multi-component adjustable system is too complex, and the technical difficulty in engineering realization is very high. The working temperature of the air inlet is lower than that of the combustion chamber and the spray pipe, the structure realization difficulty of the air inlet adjustable technology is relatively lower, and the performance improvement range of the engine is limited by simply adopting the air inlet adjustable technology. The technology for adjusting the throat of the spray pipe enables the combustion chamber and the air inlet channel to be matched in a better working mode through adjusting the area of the throat of the spray pipe, is applied to a sub-combustion ramjet engine and aero-engines such as a turbojet and a turbofan, but the combustion chamber of the engine needs oil cooling as the working Mach number of the ramjet engine rises, and the throat of the spray pipe is adjustable, so that the thermal protection, sealing and the like of the engine are very difficult to realize in a structure. The technology of adjusting the area of the outlet of the spray pipe needs to be adjusted in a larger space range, is limited by the structural size of an aircraft or an engine, and is limited in performance of the engine by the technology, so that the technology is not generally used in engineering.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a variable flow passage ramjet engine which has the advantages of good performance improvement effect, no special requirements on thermal protection and sealing, simple structure and easy realization, and a design and adjustment method.
The technical solution of the invention is as follows: the utility model provides a variable runner ramjet, includes intake duct, combustion chamber and spray tube, the combustion chamber in the installation fixed partition board, separate into sharing runner and second runner with the combustion chamber runner, fixed partition board is close to the one end installation adjustable partition board of intake duct, adjustable partition board is rotatable, through the position of adjusting adjustable partition board, realizes that the engine runner changes.
A design method of a variable flow passage ramjet engine is realized by the following steps:
firstly, designing an air inlet channel, a combustion chamber and a spray pipe;
secondly, determining the installation positions of the fixed partition board and the adjustable partition board,
the mounting positions of the fixed partition plates comprise the starting positions and the ending positions of the fixed partition plates and the positions of the divided runners of the fixed partition plates, and the mounting positions of the adjustable partition plates refer to the positions of the end parts of the adjustable partition plates at the air inlet and the connecting positions of the end parts of the adjustable partition plates and the fixed partition plates when the adjustable partition plates close the second runners;
and thirdly, mounting the fixed partition plate in the combustion chamber designed in the first step according to the mounting positions of the fixed partition plate and the adjustable partition plate determined in the second step, and mounting the adjustable partition plate at the starting end of the fixed partition plate.
A variable flow channel adjusting method is characterized in that the position of an adjustable partition plate is adjusted to be in a position A or a position B according to different working Mach number ranges of an engine, when the engine works in a higher Mach number range, the adjustable partition plate is in the position A, a single flow channel mode is adopted, and when the engine works in a lower Mach number range, the adjustable partition plate is in the position B, and a double flow channel mode is adopted.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the combustion chamber is internally provided with the fixed partition plate, the adjustable partition plate connected with the combustion chamber is adjusted, so that the flow passage of the engine can be adjusted, and the effect of simultaneously adjusting the throat of the air inlet channel and the thermal throat of the combustion chamber can be achieved without arranging a spray pipe adjustable device;
(2) the adjustable partition plate and the fixed partition plate are arranged, the structure is simple, the adjusting position of the adjustable partition plate is close to the setting position of the absorbing hole, therefore, the sealing requirement of the adjustable partition plate is not high when the second flow passage is closed, and all or most of the adjustable partition plate is positioned in the air inlet passage, so that the device for realizing the position adjustment of the adjustable partition plate is simple in design and easy to realize;
(3) the combustion chamber is provided with the fixed partition plate, so that the combustion chamber is simple to mount and fix, the thermal protection and the sealing are easy to realize, and the mounting position is determined, so that the combustion chamber can realize the function of adjusting the spray pipe under the condition of not mounting the spray pipe adjustable device.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a prior art adjustable structure for an inlet duct;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention (second flow path closed);
fig. 3 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention (second flow path is open).
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in detail below with reference to the attached drawings and specific examples.
The invention provides a variable flow passage wide-area ramjet engine as shown in figures 2 and 3, wherein an engine flow passage consists of an air inlet passage, a combustion chamber and a spray pipe, a fixed partition plate 2 is additionally arranged in the middle of the combustion chamber to divide the engine combustion chamber flow passage into an upper part and a lower part, the lower part is a shared flow passage 5, and the upper part is a second flow passage 3. The adjustable partition plate 1 is installed at the position, close to the air inlet, of the front of the fixed partition plate 2, the adjustable partition plate 1 is wholly or mostly (the initial position of the fixed partition plate can be arranged at the downstream position of the air inlet design throat as required instead of the air inlet design throat, and at the moment, one part of the adjustable partition plate is arranged in a combustion chamber) in the air inlet, and the adjustable partition plate 1 can rotate through the rotating structure 9.
The adjustable partition board 1 is rotated to the position A through the rotating structure 9, so that the combustion chamber works in a single-channel mode when the engine works at a high Mach number, as shown in figure 2, in the single-channel mode, the inlet of the second flow channel 3 is closed, the airflow completely enters the common flow channel 5, and the combustion is organized in the common flow channel 5. When the engine works in a single-channel mode, the throat of the air inlet channel is the section 6 shown in figure 3, and the thermal throat of the combustion chamber is the section 4. The size of the throat of the air inlet channel and the thermal throat of the combustion chamber are reduced compared with the throat designed by the original structure, and the flow channel is suitable for high-Mach-number work. In high mach number operation, the adjustable baffle 1 acts as a part of the inlet compression surface to compress the air flow with the inlet.
The adjustable partition board 1 is rotated to the position B through the rotating structure 9, so that when the engine works at low Mach number, the combustion chamber works in a double-channel mode, as shown in figure 3, in the mode, the inlet of the second flow channel 3 is opened, airflow enters the common flow channel 5 and the second flow channel 3, and combustion is simultaneously organized in the common flow channel 5 and the second flow channel 3. When the engine works in a double-channel mode, the throat of the air inlet channel is a section 8 shown in figure 3, and the thermal throat of the combustion chamber is a section 7. At the moment, the throat of the air inlet channel and the thermal throat of the combustion chamber are restored to the sizes of the throats designed by the original structures, and compared with the position A, the throat of the air inlet channel and the thermal throat of the combustion chamber of the engine are enlarged, and the flow channel is suitable for low-Mach work.
The installation position of the fixed clapboard 2 is shown in figures 2 and 3, the starting position is an air inlet channel design throat or the downstream of the design throat, the ending position is the upstream of a combustion chamber design thermal throat, and the fixed clapboard is fixedly installed in the combustion chamber and divides the combustion chamber into two flow channels. The initial position of the fixed clapboard 2 is arranged at the downstream of the designed throat of the air inlet, and means the position range of which the distance from the designed throat of the air inlet does not exceed the height of the designed throat of the air inlet. The end position of the fixed clapboard 2 is arranged at the upstream of the designed thermal throat of the combustion chamber, which means the position range of which the distance from the designed thermal throat of the combustion chamber does not exceed the height of the designed thermal throat of the combustion chamber.
The area ratio of the shared flow passage 5 and the second flow passage 3 is specifically determined according to the working Mach number range of the engine and the performance requirements of the engine under different Mach numbers, and the design of the engine combustion chamber is referred. Under the working Mach number range of a common ramjet in engineering, the area ratio of the shared flow passage 5 to the second flow passage 3 is 1-2: 1 can satisfy the engine performance.
The adjustable partition board 1 is connected with one end of the fixed partition board 2 through a rotating structure 9, and the rotating structure 9 can be a rotating shaft structure, a hinge structure and the like, as long as the adjustable partition board 1 can be adjusted to rotate between A, B. When the adjustable partition board 1 is in the A position, the adjustable partition board is used as a part of the compression surface of the air inlet channel and plays a role of compressing air flow together with the air inlet channel.
The adjustable partition plate can be designed by referring to the existing design method of the adjustable air inlet channel, the adjustable partition plate is designed according to the working Mach number range of an engine in different working states, the air inlet channel is designed according to the performance index requirements such as required flow coefficient and total pressure recovery, the starting performance requirements and the compressed air flow which meets the requirements of speed, pressure and the like and is provided for a combustion chamber, the air inlet channel is designed by the known technology in the field, and the installation position of the adjustable partition plate is determined according to the performance required by the air inlet channel.
The invention also provides a design method of the variable flow passage wide-area ramjet engine, which is realized by the following steps:
1. ramjet inlet, combustion chamber and nozzle designs.
Ramjet intake, combustion chamber and nozzle designs are well known in the art and are designed according to various performance criteria generally set forth for an engine. In the design, parameters such as an air inlet channel design throat, a combustion chamber design thermal throat and the like can be obtained.
2. And determining the installation positions of the fixed partition and the adjustable partition.
The installation positions of the fixed partition plates comprise the initial position and the final position of the fixed partition plates and the positions of the divided runners of the fixed partition plates, the initial position of the fixed partition plates is an air inlet channel design throat or the downstream of the air inlet channel design throat, the final position of the fixed partition plates is positioned at the upstream of a combustion chamber design thermal throat, and the positions of the divided runners of the fixed partition plates determine the flow channel division proportion according to the working Mach number range of the engine and the performance requirements of the engine at different Mach numbers.
The installation position of the adjustable partition plate refers to the position of the end part of the adjustable partition plate at the air inlet channel and the connecting position of the end part of the adjustable partition plate and the fixed partition plate when the adjustable partition plate closes the second flow channel, and is determined according to the performance of the air inlet channel.
The adjustable partition plate can be designed by referring to the existing design method of the adjustable air inlet channel, and the adjustable partition plate is designed according to the working Mach number range of the engine in different working states, the air inlet channel is designed according to the performance index requirements such as required flow coefficient and total pressure recovery, the starting performance requirements and the compressed air flow which can meet the requirements of speed, pressure and the like and is provided for a combustion chamber, and the adjustable partition plate is a technology known in the field.
3. And (3) installing the fixed partition plate according to the installation positions of the fixed partition plate and the adjustable partition plate determined in the step (2), and installing the adjustable partition plate at the starting end of the fixed partition plate.
The invention further provides a variable flow passage adjusting method, according to different ranges of the operating Mach number of the engine, the position of the adjustable partition plate is adjusted to be in the position A or the position B, when the engine operates in a higher Mach number range, the adjustable partition plate is in the position A, a single flow passage mode is adopted, and when the engine operates in a lower Mach number range, the adjustable partition plate is in the position B, and a double flow passage mode is adopted.
The wide-range ramjet generally works in two working Mach number ranges (corresponding to a sub-combustion mode and a super-combustion mode), wherein a single-channel mode is adopted in a higher Mach number range, and an actual air inlet channel throat and a combustion chamber thermal power throat are smaller than an air inlet channel design throat and a combustion chamber design thermal power throat; and in a low Mach number range, a double-channel mode is adopted, and the actual air inlet channel throat and the combustion chamber thermal power throat are recovered to an air inlet channel design throat and a combustion chamber design thermal power throat.
The invention has not been described in detail and is in part known to those of skill in the art.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a variable runner ramjet, includes intake duct, combustion chamber and spray tube, its characterized in that: the combustion chamber in install fixed baffle, separate into sharing runner and second runner with the combustion chamber runner, the adjustable baffle of fixed baffle one end installation near the intake duct, the adjustable baffle is rotatable, through the position of adjusting the adjustable baffle, realizes that the engine runner changes.
2. The variable flow channel ramjet engine according to claim 1, wherein: the initial position of the fixed clapboard is an air inlet channel design throat or the downstream of the air inlet channel design throat, and the final position of the fixed clapboard is at the upstream of the combustion chamber design heating power throat.
3. The variable flow channel ramjet engine according to claim 2, wherein: the distance between the downstream of the designed throat of the air inlet and the designed throat of the air inlet is not more than the height of the designed throat of the air inlet.
4. The variable flow channel ramjet engine according to claim 2, wherein: the distance between the end position of the fixed clapboard and the designed thermal throat of the combustion chamber does not exceed the height of the designed thermal throat of the combustion chamber.
5. The variable flow channel ramjet engine according to claim 1, wherein: the adjustable partition plate rotates to the position A, the inlet of the second flow passage is closed, airflow completely enters the common flow passage and is organized and combusted in the common flow passage, the adjustable partition plate rotates to the position B, is coplanar with the fixed partition plate, the inlet of the second flow passage is opened, the airflow enters the common flow passage and the second flow passage, and is organized and combusted in the common flow passage and the second flow passage simultaneously.
6. A design method of a variable flow passage ramjet engine is characterized by comprising the following steps:
firstly, designing an air inlet channel, a combustion chamber and a spray pipe;
secondly, determining the installation positions of the fixed partition board and the adjustable partition board,
the mounting positions of the fixed partition plates comprise the starting positions and the ending positions of the fixed partition plates and the positions of the divided runners of the fixed partition plates, and the mounting positions of the adjustable partition plates refer to the positions of the end parts of the adjustable partition plates at the air inlet and the connecting positions of the end parts of the adjustable partition plates and the fixed partition plates when the adjustable partition plates close the second runners;
and thirdly, mounting the fixed partition plate in the combustion chamber designed in the first step according to the mounting positions of the fixed partition plate and the adjustable partition plate determined in the second step, and mounting the adjustable partition plate at the starting end of the fixed partition plate.
7. The variable flow channel ramjet engine designing method as recited in claim 6, wherein: in the second step, the initial position of the fixed clapboard is an air inlet design throat or the downstream of the air inlet design throat, the final position is the upstream of the combustion chamber design thermal throat, and the flow channel division ratio is determined by the fixed clapboard according to the working Mach number range of the engine and the performance requirements of the engine under different Mach numbers.
8. The variable flow channel ramjet engine designing method as recited in claim 6, wherein: and the mounting position of the adjustable partition plate in the second step is determined according to the performance of the air inlet channel.
9. The variable flow channel ramjet engine designing method as recited in claim 7, wherein: and in the second step, the distance between the downstream of the designed throat of the air inlet and the designed throat of the air inlet does not exceed the height of the designed throat of the air inlet, and the distance between the end position of the fixed partition plate and the designed thermal throat of the combustion chamber does not exceed the height of the designed thermal throat of the combustion chamber.
10. A variable flow passage adjusting method using the engine according to claim 1, characterized in that: and when the engine works in a lower Mach number range, the adjustable partition plate is in the position B and a double-flow-channel mode is adopted.
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| CN201911071485.2A CN112780441B (en) | 2019-11-05 | 2019-11-05 | Variable flow passage ramjet engine and design and adjustment method |
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| CN114542285A (en) * | 2022-03-07 | 2022-05-27 | 中国航空发动机研究院 | Engine, control method thereof and aircraft |
| CN115823598A (en) * | 2023-02-24 | 2023-03-21 | 北京势蓝科技有限公司 | Flow dividing device, combustion device and VOCs gas treatment method |
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