CN112768864B - Microstrip-slot line coupled dual-band 90-degree directional coupler - Google Patents
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- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P5/00—Coupling devices of the waveguide type
- H01P5/12—Coupling devices having more than two ports
- H01P5/16—Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port
- H01P5/18—Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port consisting of two coupled guides, e.g. directional couplers
- H01P5/184—Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port consisting of two coupled guides, e.g. directional couplers the guides being strip lines or microstrips
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种微带‑槽线耦合双频带90度定向耦合器，包括第一微带‑槽线耦合线、第二微带‑槽线耦合线、第三微带‑槽线耦合线、50欧姆微带线、金属地面、第一端口、第二端口、第三端口、第四端口和介质基板。其中，微带‑槽线耦合线包括位于介质基板顶层的微带线和位于介质基板底层的槽线。通过采用微带‑槽线耦合线来代替微带平行耦合线，本发明不仅能够实现更高的频比，而且还具有尺寸小和设计简单等优点。
The invention discloses a microstrip-slotline coupling dual-band 90-degree directional coupler, comprising a first microstrip-slotline coupling line, a second microstrip-slotline coupling line, and a third microstrip-slotline coupling line , 50 ohm microstrip line, metal ground, first port, second port, third port, fourth port and dielectric substrate. The microstrip-slotline coupling line includes a microstrip line located on the top layer of the dielectric substrate and a slot line located on the bottom layer of the dielectric substrate. By using the microstrip-slotline coupling line to replace the microstrip parallel coupling line, the present invention not only can achieve a higher frequency ratio, but also has the advantages of small size and simple design.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of microwaves, relates to a dual-band 90-degree directional coupler, and particularly relates to a microstrip-slot line coupling dual-band 90-degree directional coupler.
Background
With the advent of the world of everything interconnection and intelligence, modern wireless communication systems are developing toward multifunction and intelligence. For example, in the intelligent development of an unmanned aerial vehicle cluster, multiple functions of automatic sensing, positioning, wireless charging, high-speed data transmission between the unmanned aerial vehicle and a master control machine and the like become basic configurations of future intelligent unmanned aerial vehicle systems. However, at present, most wireless devices supporting different functions operate in different frequency bands, and each frequency band requires an independent hardware transceiver system, resulting in low system efficiency. Therefore, it is very important to design and implement a novel wireless transceiving system capable of supporting multiple frequency bands and integrating multiple functions.
As an important component in a wireless communication system, the 90-degree directional coupler has wide application in circuits such as an antenna feed network, a balanced power amplifier, a quadrature mixer, a local oscillator frequency multiplier, a power monitor, and the like. The existing planar dual-band directional coupler is mostly realized based on a branch line coupler. For example, a short-circuit line or an open-circuit line with a quarter wavelength is connected in parallel to two ends of a branch line, so that dual-band coupling application can be realized, but the dual-band coupler generally has the problems of narrow working bandwidth, overlarge size and the like. Similarly, a dual-band coupler can be realized by using a T-shaped transmission line instead of four branch lines of a conventional branch line coupler, but the problems of narrow working bandwidth and overlarge size also exist. To alleviate the problem of narrow operating bandwidth, a center tap may be added to two of the branch lines of a conventional branch line coupler, but the size of such a coupler is still large. In addition, the dual-band coupling can be realized by connecting the quarter-wave transmission line in series with the four ports of the traditional branch line coupler, but the problem that the size of the branch line coupler is overlarge is still not solved. In order to alleviate the problem of overlarge size of a planar coupler, a dual-band 90-degree directional coupler based on microstrip parallel coupling lines is proposed, the structure of the dual-band 90-degree directional coupler is very compact, the size of the dual-band coupler is effectively reduced, but the distance between microstrip parallel lines is limited by a PCB (printed circuit board) processing technology, and the dual-band directional coupler is difficult to realize a high frequency ratio (the ratio of high-band central frequency to low-band central frequency), so that the application range of the dual-band directional coupler is limited.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a microstrip-slot line coupling dual-band 90-degree directional coupler, which adopts a microstrip-slot line coupling line to replace a microstrip parallel coupling line, not only can realize higher frequency ratio, but also has the advantages of small size, simple design and the like.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a microstrip-slot line coupling dual-band 90-degree directional coupler is of an axisymmetric structure and comprises a first microstrip-slot line coupling line, a second microstrip-slot line coupling line, a third microstrip-slot line coupling line, a 50-ohm microstrip line, a metal ground, a first port, a second port, a third port, a fourth port and a dielectric substrate;
the first microstrip-slot line coupling line is completely the same as the third microstrip-slot line coupling line;
the first microstrip-slot line coupling line comprises a first microstrip line positioned on the top layer of the dielectric substrate and a first slot line positioned on the bottom layer of the dielectric substrate;
the second microstrip-slot line coupling structure comprises a second microstrip line positioned on the top layer of the dielectric substrate and a second slot line positioned on the bottom layer of the dielectric substrate;
the third microstrip-slot line coupling structure comprises a third microstrip line positioned on the top layer of the dielectric substrate and a third slot line positioned on the bottom layer of the dielectric substrate;
the bottom layer of the medium substrate is provided with a metal ground; the first slot line, the second slot line and the third slot line are all grooved on the metal ground.
The first microstrip line, the second microstrip line and the third microstrip line are positioned on the same straight line, one end of the first microstrip line is connected with one end of the second microstrip line, and the other end of the second microstrip line is connected with one end of the third microstrip line.
A fourth microstrip line which is vertical to the second microstrip line is arranged at the joint of the first microstrip line and the second microstrip line;
a fifth microstrip line which is vertical to the second microstrip line is arranged at the joint of the second microstrip line and the third microstrip line;
the first slot line, the second slot line and the third slot line are positioned on the same straight line, one end of the first slot line is connected with one end of the second slot line, and the other end of the second slot line is connected with one end of the third slot line.
The straight lines of the first microstrip line, the second microstrip line and the third microstrip line are superposed with the straight lines of the first slot line, the second slot line and the third slot line.
The initial electrical lengths of the first microstrip line, the second microstrip line, the third microstrip line, the first slot line, the second slot line and the third slot line are the same, the central frequency of the corresponding low frequency band is 50 degrees, the initial widths of the first microstrip line and the third microstrip line correspond to 20-ohm even-mode impedance, and the initial width of the second microstrip line corresponds to 73.6-ohm even-mode impedance. The initial widths of the first and third slotlines correspond to an odd mode impedance of 140 ohms and the initial width of the second slotline corresponds to an odd mode impedance of 52 ohms. Through design optimization, the width and the length of the first microstrip line and the third microstrip line are the same, the width of the second microstrip line is narrower than that of the first microstrip line, and the length of the second microstrip line is shorter than that of the first microstrip line. The length of the first slot line is larger than that of the first microstrip line, the length of the third slot line is larger than that of the third microstrip line, and the lengths of the second slot line and the second microstrip line are the same. The first slot line, the second slot line and the third slot line are all narrower than the corresponding microstrip line.
Preferably, the odd-even mode impedance of the microstrip-slot line coupled line can be effectively adjusted by adjusting the widths of the microstrip and the slot line in the microstrip-slot line coupled line.
Preferably, the extension of the lengths of the first slot line and the third slot line can effectively compensate the problem of dispersion inconsistency of the microstrip-slot line coupled line in the odd-even mode state.
The working principle is as follows:
when the micro-strip-slot line coupled line works in an even mode, electric field energy is mainly concentrated below the micro-strip and distributed along the direction of a z axis; when the odd mode works, the electric field energy is mainly concentrated in the slot line and distributed along the y-axis direction; therefore, the impedance adjusting circuit has orthogonality when the odd mode and the even mode work, and facilitates independent adjustment of the impedance of the odd mode and the impedance of the even mode. The odd-even mode analysis is carried out on the coupler, and the relation between the odd-even mode impedance of the first microstrip-slot line coupling line, the second microstrip-slot line coupling line and the third microstrip-slot line coupling line and the reflection coefficient of each port can be obtained. Make the odd and even mode impedances of the first and third microstrip-slot line coupled lines as zo1And ze1Corresponding admittances are yo1And ye1Electrical length is θ; the odd and even mode impedances of the second microstrip-slot line coupled line are zo2And ze2Corresponding admittances are yo2And ye2The electrical length is theta, and the even mode admittance ye of the second microstrip-slot line coupling line2For the degree of freedom, when the odd-even mode admittance satisfies the following relation:
wherein
Can obtain | S11|＝0，|S41|＝0,|S21|＝|S31I and I phi (S)21)-Φ(S31) I.e., 90 °, i.e., the required condition of the coupler is satisfied. In addition, when θ in the formulas (1) to (3) is replaced by m pi- θ (m is 1, 3, 5. -), the value is kept unchanged, so that the coupler can realize dual-frequency operation, and the ratio of θ to m pi- θ is equal to the frequency ratio between the dual-frequency bands. Specifically, in the design and optimization process, the frequency ratio can be adjusted by adjusting the odd-even mode impedance, namely the microstrip line width and the slot line width of the microstrip-slot line coupled line.
The invention has the following advantages:
(1) by utilizing the microstrip-slot line coupling structure, the size of the dual-band directional coupler is effectively reduced, and the miniaturization of a system is facilitated;
(2) by utilizing the microstrip-slot line coupling structure, the achievable frequency ratio range of the dual-band directional coupler is improved, and the performances of bandwidth, isolation, amplitude, phase balance and the like are kept;
(3) in the microstrip-slot line coupling structure, the problem of inconsistent dispersion of the coupling line in odd and even mode states can be effectively solved by prolonging the length of the slot line.
(4) The odd and even mode impedances of the microstrip-slot line coupling structure are relatively independent, so that the design of the dual-band coupler is more convenient.
Drawings
FIGS. 1(a), (b), (c), (d) are respectively the overall structure diagram, top metal structure diagram, bottom metal structure diagram and cross-sectional side view at AA' of the microstrip-slot line coupled dual-band 90 degree directional coupler;
FIG. 2 is a simulation result of S-parameters of a microstrip-slot line coupled dual-band 90-degree directional coupler;
fig. 3 is a simulation result of the amplitude and phase balance characteristics of the microstrip-slot line coupled dual-band 90-degree directional coupler.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the microstrip-slot line coupled dual-band 90-degree directional coupler provided by the invention has an axisymmetric structure; the microstrip-slot line coupling line comprises a first microstrip-slot line coupling line 1, a second microstrip-slot line coupling line 2, a third microstrip-slot line coupling line 3, 50-ohm microstrip lines 4 and 5, a metal ground 6, a first port 7, a second port 8, a third port 9, a fourth port 10 and a dielectric substrate 11;
the first microstrip-slot line coupled line 1 is completely the same as the third microstrip-slot line coupled line 3;
the first microstrip-slot line coupled line 1 comprises a first microstrip line 1a positioned on the top layer of the dielectric substrate 11 and a first slot line 1b positioned on the bottom layer of the dielectric substrate 11;
the second microstrip-slot line coupled line 2 comprises a second microstrip line 2a positioned on the top layer of the dielectric substrate 11 and a second slot line 2b positioned on the bottom layer of the dielectric substrate 11;
the third microstrip-slot line coupled line 3 comprises a third microstrip line 3a positioned on the top layer of the dielectric substrate 11 and a third slot line 3b positioned on the bottom layer of the dielectric substrate 11;
the bottom layer of the medium substrate 11 is provided with a metal ground 6; the first slot line 1b, the second slot line 2b and the third slot line 3b are all slotted on the metal ground 6.
The first microstrip line 1a, the second microstrip line 2a and the third microstrip line 3a are located on the same straight line, one end of the first microstrip line 1a is connected with one end of the second microstrip line 2a, and the other end of the second microstrip line 2a is connected with one end of the third microstrip line 3 a.
A fourth microstrip line 4 which is vertical to the second microstrip line 2a is arranged at the joint of the first microstrip line 1a and the second microstrip line 2 a;
a fifth microstrip line 5 which is vertical to the second microstrip line 2a is arranged at the joint of the second microstrip line 2a and the third microstrip line 3 a;
the first slot line 1b, the second slot line 2b and the third slot line 3b are positioned on the same straight line, one end of the first slot line 1b is connected with one end of the second slot line 2b, and the other end of the second slot line 2b is connected with one end of the third slot line 3 b.
The straight lines of the first microstrip line 1a, the second microstrip line 2a and the third microstrip line 3a are superposed with the straight lines of the first slot line 1b, the second slot line 2b and the third slot line 3 b.
The initial electrical lengths of the first microstrip line 1a, the second microstrip line 2a, the third microstrip line 3a, the first slot line 1b, the second slot line 2b and the third slot line 3b are the same, the central frequency corresponding to the low frequency band is 50 degrees, the initial widths of the first microstrip line 1a and the third microstrip line 3a correspond to 20-ohm even-mode impedance, and the initial width of the second microstrip line 2a corresponds to 73.6-ohm even-mode impedance. The initial widths of the first and third slot lines 1b and 3b correspond to an odd mode impedance of 140 ohms, and the initial width of the second slot line 2b corresponds to an odd mode impedance of 52 ohms. Through simulation optimization, the width and the length of the first microstrip line 1a and the third microstrip line 3a are the same, the width of the second microstrip line 2a is narrower than that of the first microstrip line 1a, and the length of the second microstrip line is shorter than that of the first microstrip line 1 a. The length of the first slot line 1b is greater than that of the first microstrip line 1a, the length of the third slot line 3b is greater than that of the third microstrip line 3a, and the lengths of the second slot line 2b and the second microstrip line 2a are the same. The first slot line 1b, the second slot line 2b and the third slot line 3b are all narrower than the corresponding microstrip lines.
Preferably, the odd-even mode impedance of the microstrip-slot line coupled lines 1, 2, 3 can be effectively adjusted by adjusting the widths of the microstrip lines 1a, 2a, 3a and the slot lines 1b, 2b, 3b in the microstrip-slot line coupled lines 1, 2, 3.
Preferably, the problem of inconsistent dispersion of the microstrip-slot line coupled lines 1 and 3 in the odd-even mode state can be effectively compensated by prolonging the lengths of the first slot line 1b and the third slot line 3 b;
fig. 2 is a simulation result of the S-parameter of the microstrip-slot line coupled dual-band 90-degree directional coupler at the frequency ratio of 3. The center frequencies of the two working frequency bands of the directional coupler are 1GHz and 3GHz respectively. In two working frequency bands, | S21I and I S31All, | are-3.5 +/-0.3 dB, return loss (| S)11I) is better than-23 dB, and isolation (| S)41|) is better than-29 dB. In this example, a microwave board with a dielectric constant of 11.2 and a thickness of 0.64mm is used as the dielectric substrate. In the same dielectric substrate, if the microstrip parallel line dual-band 90-degree directional coupler is required to realize a frequency ratio as high as 3, the minimum gap width between the microstrips is 0.018mm, and the size cannot be realized in the current PCB process. According to the current PCB process (minimum slot width of 0.1mm), the highest physically achievable frequency ratio of the microstrip parallel line dual-band 90 degree directional coupler is only 2.6. Therefore, compared with a microstrip-parallel line dual-band 90-degree directional coupler, the microstrip-slot line coupling dual-band 90-degree directional coupler can achieve a higher frequency ratio.
Fig. 3 is a simulation result of the amplitude and phase balance characteristics of the microstrip-slot line coupled dual-band 90-degree directional coupler. It can be seen from the figure that the absolute value of the amplitude difference of the output signals at the through end and the coupling end is less than 1dB, the phase difference is within 90 degrees +/-3.4 degrees, and the invention has good amplitude and phase balance characteristics no matter in a low frequency band or a high frequency band.
In conclusion, compared with a microstrip parallel line dual-band 90-degree directional coupler, the dual-band directional coupler disclosed by the invention not only can realize higher frequency ratio, but also has a more compact structure and a simpler design. Meanwhile, other performances such as insertion loss, relative bandwidth, return loss, isolation, amplitude and phase balance and the like keep similar levels.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and it should be noted that: it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations can be made without departing from the principles of the invention and these are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (5)
1. The microstrip-slot line coupled dual-band 90-degree directional coupler is of an axisymmetric structure and is characterized by comprising a first microstrip-slot line coupled line, a second microstrip-slot line coupled line, a third microstrip-slot line coupled line, a 50-ohm microstrip line, a metal ground, a first port, a second port, a third port, a fourth port and a dielectric substrate;
the first microstrip-slot line coupling line is completely the same as the third microstrip-slot line coupling line;
the first microstrip-slot line coupling line comprises a first microstrip line positioned on the top layer of the dielectric substrate and a first slot line positioned on the bottom layer of the dielectric substrate;
the second microstrip-slot line coupling structure comprises a second microstrip line positioned on the top layer of the dielectric substrate and a second slot line positioned on the bottom layer of the dielectric substrate;
the third microstrip-slot line coupling structure comprises a third microstrip line positioned on the top layer of the dielectric substrate and a third slot line positioned on the bottom layer of the dielectric substrate;
the bottom layer of the medium substrate is provided with a metal ground; the first slot line, the second slot line and the third slot line are all grooved on the metal ground;
the first microstrip line, the second microstrip line and the third microstrip line are positioned on the same straight line, one end of the first microstrip line is connected with one end of the second microstrip line, and the other end of the second microstrip line is connected with one end of the third microstrip line;
a fourth microstrip line which is vertical to the second microstrip line is arranged at the joint of the first microstrip line and the second microstrip line;
a fifth microstrip line which is vertical to the second microstrip line is arranged at the joint of the second microstrip line and the third microstrip line;
the first slot line, the second slot line and the third slot line are positioned on the same straight line, one end of the first slot line is connected with one end of the second slot line, and the other end of the second slot line is connected with one end of the third slot line;
the straight lines of the first microstrip line, the second microstrip line and the third microstrip line are superposed with the straight lines of the first slot line, the second slot line and the third slot line;
when the micro-strip-slot line coupled line works in an even mode, electric field energy is mainly concentrated below the micro-strip and distributed along the direction of a z axis; when the odd mode works, the electric field energy is mainly concentrated in the slot line and distributed along the y-axis direction;
because of orthogonality when the odd and even modes work, the impedance of the odd and even modes can be adjusted independently; the first microstrip-slot line coupled line and the third microstripOdd and even mode impedances of slot line coupled lines, respectively zo1And ze1Corresponding admittances are yo1And ye1Corresponding electrical lengths are each theta1、θ2(ii) a The odd and even mode impedances of the second microstrip-slot line coupled line are zo2And ze2Corresponding admittances are yo2And ye2Electrical length of theta3(ii) a Second microstrip-slot line coupled line theta1＝θ2＝θ3θ; even mode admittance ye with second microstrip-slot line coupled line2For the degree of freedom, when the odd-even mode admittance satisfies the following relationship:
wherein
To obtain | S11|＝0，|S41|＝0，|S21|＝|S31I and I phi (S)21)-Φ(S31)|＝90°。
2. The microstrip-slot line coupled dual-band 90 degree directional coupler according to claim 1, wherein the first microstrip line and the third microstrip line have the same width and length, the second microstrip line has a narrower width and a shorter length than the first microstrip line; the length of the first slot line is greater than that of the first microstrip line, the length of the third slot line is greater than that of the third microstrip line, and the lengths of the second slot line and the second microstrip line are the same; the first slot line, the second slot line and the third slot line are all narrower than the corresponding first microstrip line, the second microstrip line and the third microstrip line.
3. The microstrip-slot line coupled dual-band 90 degree directional coupler of claim 1, wherein the widths of the microstrip and slot lines in the microstrip-slot line coupled line are adjusted for adjusting the odd-even mode impedance of the microstrip-slot line coupled line.
4. The microstrip-slot line coupled dual-band 90 degree directional coupler of claim 1, wherein extending the length of the first slot line and the third slot line compensates for the problem of inconsistent dispersion of the microstrip-slot line coupled lines in the odd-even mode state.
5. The microstrip-slot line coupled dual-band 90 degree directional coupler according to claim 1, wherein the value of θ in equations (1) - (3) is kept constant when it is changed to m pi- θ (m 1, 3, 5. -), and the ratio of θ to m pi- θ is equal to the frequency ratio between the dual bands.
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| CN114204241B (en) * | 2021-12-07 | 2022-10-21 | 杭州电子科技大学 | Microstrip-open slot line coupling dual-band 90-degree directional coupler |
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