CN112760534A - High-strength heat-resistant cast aluminum-copper alloy containing rare earth Y eutectic and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
High-strength heat-resistant cast aluminum-copper alloy containing rare earth Y eutectic and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 230000005496 eutectics Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- -1 aluminum-copper Chemical compound 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 78
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 73
- REDXJYDRNCIFBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium(3+) Chemical class [Al+3] REDXJYDRNCIFBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 28
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000171 quenching Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000906 Bronze Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 11
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 210000002356 Skeleton Anatomy 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910018182 Al—Cu Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010309 melting process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910018125 Al-Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910018520 Al—Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910002530 Cu-Y Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003111 delayed Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006011 modification reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910021364 Al-Si alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910002056 binary alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 load Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010587 phase diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/12—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent
- C22C21/16—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent with magnesium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making alloys
- C22C1/02—Making alloys by melting
- C22C1/026—Alloys based on aluminium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making alloys
- C22C1/02—Making alloys by melting
- C22C1/03—Making alloys by melting using master alloys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/057—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with copper as the next major constituent
Abstract
The invention discloses a high-strength heat-resistant cast aluminum-copper alloy containing rare earth Y eutectic and a preparation method thereof, wherein the alloy comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: cu 6.5-7.8 wt%, Mg 0.1-0.4 wt%, Ag 0.8-1.2 wt%, Y0.1-0.5 wt%, Mn 0.2-0.4 wt%, V0.1-0.3 wt%, Cd 0.1-0.3 wt%, Ti 0.1-0.3 wt%, B0.02-0.06 wt% and Al for the rest8Cu4The Y eutectic structure enables the morphology of the second phase near the crystal boundary to be changed from a continuous net shape to a discontinuous skeleton shape, reduces the fracture effect of the second phase to a matrix, and improves the room-temperature tensile property and plasticity of the alloy. Meanwhile, the melt fluidity in the alloy casting process is improved, and the casting processAnd (4) sex. Further, Al8Cu4Y and other heat-resistant rare earth compounds are 'pinned' around the crystal boundary, so that the sliding of the crystal boundary at high temperature is effectively hindered, the deformation of the crystal boundary is controlled, and the high-temperature mechanical property of the alloy is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of non-ferrous metal material alloying, in particular to a high-strength heat-resistant cast aluminum-copper alloy containing rare earth Y eutectic and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The cast aluminum alloy has the advantages of small density, high specific strength, low cost and the like, can be made into parts with complex shapes, and is widely applied to the fields of automobile industry, rail transit and aerospace. Among them, Al — Si cast aluminum alloys are the most versatile alloys, and have excellent casting properties such as good fluidity, good airtightness, small thermal expansion coefficient, and small tendency to hot crack. However, Al-Si alloys widely used at home and abroad (such as domestic YL112, YL113 and YL104, Japanese ADC12, ADC10 and ADC3 and American A380 and A360) have low strength (tensile strength of 220-240MPa) and poor plasticity (elongation after fracture is less than or equal to 3 percent), and are difficult to meet the severe requirements of the development of the fields of aerospace and the like on high strength and high heat resistance of aluminum alloys. In recent years, some preparation methods of Al-Si series cast aluminum alloys, such as CN110029250B and CN110129630B, have been disclosed, so that the plasticity and toughness of the alloys are improved to different degrees, but the current situation that the mechanical property of the Al-Si series cast aluminum alloys is not high can not be changed all the time, and the wide application of the alloys is limited.
In contrast, the Al-Cu cast aluminum alloy has high mechanical properties at room temperature and high temperature and good cutting and welding properties, is widely applied in the aerospace field, and is mainly used as a structural member and a heat-resistant part for bearing large load. The complex Al-Cu series cast aluminum alloys can be mainly classified into two main categories: heat-resistant cast aluminum alloys and high-strength cast aluminum alloys, and ZL206 and ZL205A in China are typical representatives of the two types of cast aluminum alloys respectively. According to the standards GB/T1173-2013, HB 962-2001 and casting handbook Vol 3: mechanical performance indexes of cast nonferrous alloy (3 rd edition), ZL206(T5 state) are tensile strength at room temperature of 250Mpa, elongation after fracture of 1.8% and tensile strength at 300 ℃ of 160 DEG CMpa, yield strength 120 Mpa; the mechanical performance indexes of ZL205A (T5 state) are that the tensile strength at room temperature is 440MPa, the elongation after fracture is 7 percent, the tensile strength at 300 ℃ is 165MPa, and the elongation after fracture is 3.5 percent. With the continuous development of aerospace industry, the pursuit of the aircraft on power and speed is continuously improved, higher requirements are also put on the heat resistance of component materials, and alloys such as ZL206 and ZL205A are difficult to meet the use requirements under high-temperature conditions. In addition, in order to improve the casting performance of the alloy, the Al-Cu series cast aluminum alloy generally adopts higher Cu content, and a great amount of coarse Al is formed in the alloy structure2The Cu second phase seriously cracks the matrix, so that the room-temperature plasticity of the Al-Cu series cast aluminum alloy is generally low, and the elongation after breaking at room temperature of ZL206(T5 state) is only 1.8 percent. In recent years, some high-Cu Al-Cu series cast aluminum alloy preparation methods, such as CN108251724B and CN108330362B, improve the mechanical property and the cutting processability of the alloy to a certain extent, but the room temperature plasticity of the alloy is always low, and the processing manufacturability and the service safety of Al-Cu series aluminum alloy castings are influenced. Therefore, the development of a high-strength heat-resistant Al-Cu series cast aluminum alloy material with good room temperature plasticity and excellent high-temperature performance is urgently needed.
In recent years, some methods for producing Al — Si series cast aluminum alloys containing rare earth Y have been disclosed, such as CN106591635A, CN108179329B, CN 108103363B. The patent technologies purify alloy melt (CN108179329B), improve eutectic Si form, eliminate air holes (CN106591635A) and refine cast crystal grains (CN108103363B) by adding rare earth Y or mixing with other rare earth, thereby improving the comprehensive mechanical property of the alloy. However, these technical approaches cannot solve the problem of high Cu content Al-Cu based cast aluminum alloy with a large amount of grain boundary Al2The problem of Cu-induced alloy brittleness provides any technical indication.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a high-strength heat-resistant cast aluminum-copper alloy containing a rare earth Y eutectic and a preparation method thereof, which solve the problems in the background technology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a high-strength heat-resistant cast aluminum-copper alloy containing a rare earth Y eutectic comprises the following components in percentage by mass: cu: 6.5-7.8%, Mg: 0.1-0.4%, Ag: 0.8-1.2%, Y: 0.1-0.5%, Mn: 0.2-0.4%, V: 0.1-0.3%, Cd: 0.1-0.3%, Ti: 0.1-0.3%, B: 0.02-0.06%, and the balance of Al, wherein Ti and B are provided by Al-5% Ti-B grain refiner, and the mass ratio of Ti to B is 5: 1.
preferably, the aluminum-copper alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: cu: 7.0%, Mg: 0.25%, Ag: 1.0%, Y: 0.3%, Mn: 0.3%, V: 0.2%, Cd: 0.2%, Ti: 0.2%, B: 0.04% and the balance of Al.
A preparation method of a high-strength heat-resistant cast aluminum-copper alloy containing a rare earth Y eutectic comprises the following specific steps:
s1, preparing raw materials; preparing raw materials according to alloy components, wherein Al, Mg, Ag and Cd are pure metals, the rest elements are intermediate alloys of aluminum, and Cu, Mn, V, Y, Ti and B are intermediate alloys of Al-45% of Cu, Al-10% of Mn, Al-4.2% of V, Al-20% of Y and Al-5% of Ti-B respectively, wherein the purity of an Al ingot is not less than 99.99%; pure Mg, pure Cd and Al-20% Y are easy to burn during smelting, and 5-10% of burning loss needs to be considered;
s2, tool preparation; a tool used for alloy smelting is coated with a zinc oxide coating and dried for 4-6h at the temperature of 150-; preheating a mould used for alloy casting at the temperature of 200-400 ℃ for 2-4 h;
s3, smelting; heating pure Al and Al-45% Cu to 760-780 ℃, and performing slag removal treatment after the pure Al and the Al-45% Cu are completely melted; adding Al-10% Mn, Al-4.2% V and pure Ag, introducing high-purity argon with the purity of more than or equal to 99.9% after the Al-10% Mn, Al-4.2% V and pure Ag are completely melted, intensively stirring to refine the melt for 20-30min, and then carrying out deslagging treatment; reducing the furnace temperature to 720-730 ℃, pressing pure Mg, pure Cd and Al-20% Y into the melt by using a bell jar, slowly stirring after the pure Mg, the pure Cd and the Al-20% Y are completely melted, then adding an Al-5% Ti-B grain refiner, and standing for 10-20 min; after skimming, pouring the molten metal into a mold to obtain a casting;
s4, heat treatment; and carrying out high-temperature solution treatment and underaging heat treatment on the casting.
Preferably, after the raw material is prepared in the step S1, the raw material is preheated at the temperature of 150 ℃ and 200 ℃ for 1-2h, the moisture contained in the raw material is removed, and pure Mg and pure Cd are tightly wrapped by aluminum foil.
Preferably, the solution treatment and the underaging heat treatment in step S4 are respectively: keeping the temperature at 525 ℃ and 530 ℃ for 10-14h, and rapidly quenching the mixture to room temperature; keeping the temperature at 155-170 ℃ for 10-14h, and cooling to room temperature.
Preferably, the solution treatment and the underaging heat treatment in step S4 are respectively: keeping the temperature at 530 ℃ for 12h, and rapidly performing water quenching to room temperature; keeping the temperature at 165 ℃ for 12h, and cooling to room temperature in air.
Preferably, the mechanical property indexes of the high-strength heat-resistant aluminum alloy test bar finally prepared through the steps 1-4 are as follows: room temperature tensile strength of 450-470MPa, yield strength of 365-385MPa and elongation after fracture of 4-7 percent; the 300 ℃ high-temperature tensile strength is 205-.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention generates Al by adding a certain amount of rare earth Y in high-Cu Al-Cu series cast aluminum alloy8Cu4Y eutectic structure. On one hand, the shape of the second phase near the grain boundary is changed from a continuous net shape to a discontinuous skeleton shape, the fracture effect of the second phase to a matrix is reduced, and the room-temperature tensile property and plasticity of the alloy are improved. Simultaneously, Al containing rare earth Y is formed8Cu4The Y eutectic structure improves the fluidity of the Al-Cu alloy melt and obviously improves the melt mold filling manufacturability during casting; on the other hand, the 'pinning' effect is generated on the crystal boundary, the sliding of the crystal boundary at high temperature is effectively hindered, the deformation and cracking of the crystal boundary are delayed, and the high-temperature mechanical property of the alloy is improved. The preparation process comprises the steps of smelting and casting the alloy and the solid solution and aging heat treatment of the casting. The method can be used for preparing the high-strength heat-resistant aluminum alloy containing the Y eutectic, wherein the room-temperature tensile strength is 450-470MPa, the yield strength is 365-385MPa, and the elongation after fracture is 4-7%; the tensile strength at 300 ℃ and the elongation after fracture is 205-225MPa and 7-11 percent.
2. The invention can obtain the Al-Cu series cast aluminum alloy with excellent room temperature and high temperature mechanical properties. After the same heat treatment (T5), at the room temperature of 25 ℃, the tensile strength and plasticity of the Y-containing eutectic casting aluminum alloy obtained by the method are obviously superior to ZL206 and are enough to match ZL 205A; at the high temperature of 300 ℃, the tensile strength and plasticity of the Y-containing eutectic casting aluminum alloy are obviously superior to those of the two alloys, the rare earth Y is added to form an Al-Cu-Y eutectic structure, the melt fluidity of the Al-Cu casting alloy can be improved, the casting manufacturability of the alloy is improved, and the related smelting preparation method is simple to operate and has low requirements on instruments and equipment.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a phase diagram (partial) of an Al-Cu binary alloy;
FIG. 2 is an SEM image of the T5 temper of the alloy described in comparative example 1 (without Y);
FIG. 3 is an SEM image of the Al8Cu4Y phase in the alloy described in example 3;
FIG. 4 is an SEM image of the T5 temper of the alloy (including Y) of example 6;
FIGS. 5(a),5(b),5(c),5(d) are graphs of melt fluidity test specimens of high Ag cast Al-Cu alloys to which 0% Y, 0.1% Y, 0.3% Y and 0.5% Y were added, respectively.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The alloy comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: 7.0% of Cu, 0.1% of Mg, 1.0% of Ag, 0.1% of Y, 0.3% of Mn, 0.2% of V, 0.2% of Cd, 0.2% of Ti, 0.04% of B and the balance of Al.
The smelting casting and heat treatment process of the alloy comprises the following specific steps:
(1) raw materials are prepared. Preparing the casting aluminum alloy raw material according to the chemical components, and preheating the raw material at the temperature of 150 ℃ and 200 ℃ for 1-2 h. Wherein Al, Ag, Mg and Cd are pure metals, and the rest elements are intermediate alloys of aluminum.
(2) And (5) smelting and casting. Heating the preheated pure Al and Al-45% Cu to 760-780 ℃, and performing slag removal treatment after the pure Al and the Al-45% Cu are completely melted. Then adding Al-10% Mn, Al-4.2% V and pure Ag, after they are completely melted, refining and removing slag. At the moment, the furnace temperature is reduced to 720-730 ℃, pure Mg, pure Cd and Al-20% Y are added, and Al-5% Ti-B is added to refine grains after the pure Mg, the pure Cd and the Al-20% Y are completely melted. And standing the melt for a period of time, skimming, and then pouring the molten metal into a mold to obtain a casting.
(3) And (6) heat treatment. The casting is subjected to solution treatment at 530 ℃/12h, then is rapidly quenched to room temperature, and then is subjected to underaging heat treatment at 165 ℃/12 h.
Example 2
The alloy comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: 7.0% of Cu, 0.2% of Mg, 1.0% of Ag, 0.3% of Y, 0.3% of Mn, 0.2% of V, 0.2% of Cd, 0.2% of Ti, 0.04% of B and the balance of Al. The alloy has the same chemical composition as the alloy described in example 1, except for the Y content.
The melting, casting and heat treatment processes of the alloy are the same as those of example 1.
Example 3
The alloy comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: 7.0% of Cu, 0.25% of Mg, 1.0% of Ag, 0.5% of Y, 0.3% of Mn, 0.2% of V, 0.2% of Cd, 0.2% of Ti, 0.04% of B and the balance of Al. The alloy has the same chemical composition as the alloy described in example 1, except for the Y content.
The melting, casting and heat treatment processes of the alloy are the same as those of example 1.
Example 4
The alloy comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: 6.5 percent of Cu, 0.4 percent of Mg, 1.0 percent of Ag, 0.4 percent of Y, 0.3 percent of Mn, 0.3 percent of V, 0.15 percent of Cd, 0.15 percent of Ti, 0.02 percent of B and the balance of Al.
The melting and casting process of the alloy is the same as that of example 1.
The casting is subjected to solution treatment at 530 ℃/10h, then is rapidly quenched to room temperature, and then is subjected to underaging heat treatment at 170 ℃/10 h.
Example 5
The alloy comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: 7.0% of Cu, 0.30% of Mg, 0.8% of Ag, 0.2% of Y, 0.4% of Mn, 0.2% of V, 0.2% of Cd, 0.2% of Ti, 0.04% of B and the balance of Al.
The melting and casting process of the alloy is the same as that of example 1.
The casting is subjected to solution treatment at 530 ℃/14h, then is rapidly quenched to room temperature, and then is subjected to underaging heat treatment at 165 ℃/14 h.
Example 6
The alloy comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: 7.5 percent of Cu, 0.15 percent of Mg, 1.2 percent of Ag, 0.5 percent of Y, 0.2 percent of Mn, 0.15 percent of V, 0.3 percent of Cd, 0.3 percent of Ti, 0.06 percent of B and the balance of Al.
The melting and casting process of the alloy is the same as that of example 1.
The casting is subjected to solution treatment at 525 ℃/12h, then is rapidly quenched to room temperature, and then is subjected to underaging heat treatment at 155 ℃/12 h.
Comparative example 1
The alloy comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: 7.0% of Cu, 0.2% of Mg, 1.0% of Ag, 0.3% of Mn, 0.2% of V, 0.2% of Cd, 0.2% of Ti, 0.04% of B and the balance of Al. The alloy does not contain Y, and the remaining elements are the same as in examples 1 to 3.
The melting, casting and heat treatment processes of the alloy are the same as those of example 1.
The mechanical properties of the alloys described in examples 1 to 6 and comparative example 1 are shown in Table 1. As can be seen from Table 1, the mechanical properties of the alloys described in examples 1-3 are all better than those of the alloy described in comparative example 1, which indicates that adding a proper amount of rare earth Y to Al-Cu series cast aluminum alloy can improve the room temperature plasticity and the high temperature mechanical properties of the alloy. In addition, the mechanical properties at room temperature of the alloys described in examples 1-6 are all obviously better than ZL206, and are comparable to ZL 205A; the high-temperature mechanical property of the alloy is obviously better than that of ZL206 and ZL 205A. The Y-containing cast aluminum alloy and the preparation process thereof can be used for preparing high-strength heat-resistant cast aluminum alloy materials with wider applicability.
TABLE 1 (mechanical Property index of the alloys described in examples 1 to 6 and comparative example 1)
The Al-Cu series cast aluminum alloy has high Cu content (6.5-7.8%) which is more than 5.65% of the solid solubility limit of Cu in Al, and can form more eutectic in the solidification process as shown in figure 1, thereby improving the fluidity of the alloy. Because the alloy adopts higher Cu content, the alloy can not be dissolved into theta phase (Al) of a matrix after solution treatment2Cu) are concentrated at each grain boundary and distributed in a net shape as a whole (as shown in fig. 2). Al continuously distributed in grain boundary2Cu has severe cutting effect on the matrix, thereby influencing the tensile strength and plasticity of the alloy. We have found that, with the addition of a certain amount of rare earth Y, Al is formed in the alloy8Cu4The Y eutectic structure (shown in figure 3) enables the morphology of the second phase on the grain boundary to be changed from a continuous and coarse net shape into a discontinuous and fine skeleton shape (shown in figure 4), reduces the fracture effect of the second phase on a matrix, and improves the toughness and the plastic deformation capacity of the alloy. Meanwhile, an Al-Cu-Y eutectic structure is formed, and the fluidity of the alloy melt and the mold filling manufacturability during casting are improved. In addition, as the temperature increases, the grain boundary strength decreases at a much faster rate than the matrix, and thus the grain boundary is a weak link at the time of high-temperature deformation. After adding rare earth Y, Al is formed in the alloy8Cu4Y and other heat-resistant hard rare earth compounds are distributed around the crystal boundary, so that the crystal boundary has a good pinning effect, the sliding of the crystal boundary at high temperature is effectively hindered, and the deformation and cracking of the crystal boundary are delayed, thereby obviously improving the high-temperature mechanical property of the alloy.
Comparing fig. 2-4, it can be seen that after a certain amount of rare earth Y is added, an Al8Cu4Y eutectic phase is formed in the alloy, so that the morphology of the second phase on the grain boundary is changed from a continuous, coarse network to a discontinuous, fine skeleton, as can be seen from fig. 5 and table 2,
| alloy composition | 0％Y | 0.1％Y | 0.3％Y | 0.5％Y |
| Flow length (cm) | 17 | 48 | 62 | 46 |
Table 2: spiral Ring flow Length test results
The fluidity of the alloy melt is obviously improved after the Y is added, and the fluidity reaches the maximum value when 0.3 percent of Y is added.
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes in the embodiments and/or modifications of the invention can be made, and equivalents and modifications of some features of the invention can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. The high-strength heat-resistant cast aluminum-copper alloy containing the rare earth Y eutectic is characterized in that the aluminum-copper alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: cu: 6.5-7.8%, Mg: 0.1-0.4%, Ag: 0.8-1.2%, Y: 0.1-0.5%, Mn: 0.2-0.4%, V: 0.1-0.3%, Cd: 0.1-0.3%, Ti: 0.1-0.3%, B: 0.02-0.06%, the balance of Al, and the mass ratio of Ti to B is 5: 1.
2. the high strength, heat resistant cast aluminum bronze alloy containing rare earth Y eutectic of claim 1, wherein: the aluminum-copper alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: cu: 7.0%, Mg: 0.25%, Ag: 1.0%, Y: 0.3%, Mn: 0.3%, V: 0.2%, Cd: 0.2%, Ti: 0.2%, B: 0.04% and the balance of Al.
3. A method of producing a high strength heat resistant cast aluminum bronze alloy containing a rare earth Y eutectic according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the method comprises the following specific steps:
s1, preparing raw materials; preparing raw materials according to alloy components, wherein Al, Mg, Ag and Cd are pure metals, and Cu, Mn, V, Y, Ti and B are intermediate alloys of Al-45% Cu, Al-10% Mn, Al-4.2% V, Al-20% Y and Al-5% Ti-B respectively;
s2, tool preparation; a tool used for alloy smelting is coated with a zinc oxide coating and dried for 4-6h at the temperature of 150-; preheating a mould used for alloy casting at the temperature of 200-400 ℃ for 2-4 h;
s3, smelting; heating pure Al and Al-45% Cu to 760-780 ℃, and performing slag removal treatment after the pure Al and the Al-45% Cu are completely melted; adding Al-10% Mn, Al-4.2% V and pure Ag, introducing high-purity argon with the purity of more than or equal to 99.9% after the Al-10% Mn, Al-4.2% V and pure Ag are completely melted, intensively stirring to refine the melt for 20-30min, and then carrying out deslagging treatment; reducing the furnace temperature to 720-730 ℃, pressing pure Mg, pure Cd and Al-20% Y into the melt by using a bell jar, slowly stirring after the pure Mg, the pure Cd and the Al-20% Y are completely melted, then adding an Al-5% Ti-B grain refiner, and standing for 10-20 min; after skimming, pouring the molten metal into a mold to obtain a casting;
s4, heat treatment; and carrying out high-temperature solution treatment and underaging heat treatment on the casting.
4. The method for preparing the high-strength heat-resistant cast aluminum-copper alloy containing the rare earth Y eutectic according to claim 3, characterized in that: after the raw materials are prepared in the step S1, the raw materials are preheated for 1-2h at the temperature of 150-.
5. The method for preparing the high-strength heat-resistant cast aluminum-copper alloy containing the rare earth Y eutectic according to claim 3, characterized in that: the solution treatment and the underaging heat treatment in the step S4 are respectively: keeping the temperature at 525 ℃ and 530 ℃ for 10-14h, and rapidly quenching the mixture to room temperature; keeping the temperature at 155-170 ℃ for 10-14h, and cooling to room temperature.
6. The method for preparing the high-strength heat-resistant cast aluminum-copper alloy containing the rare earth Y eutectic according to claim 5, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the solution treatment and the underaging heat treatment in the step S4 are respectively: keeping the temperature at 530 ℃ for 12h, and rapidly performing water quenching to room temperature; keeping the temperature at 165 ℃ for 12h, and cooling to room temperature in air.
7. The method for preparing the high-strength heat-resistant cast aluminum-copper alloy containing the rare earth Y eutectic according to claim 3, characterized in that: the mechanical property indexes of the finally prepared high-strength heat-resistant aluminum alloy test bar after the steps S1-S4 are as follows: room temperature tensile strength of 450-470MPa, yield strength of 365-385MPa and elongation after fracture of 4-7 percent; the 300 ℃ high-temperature tensile strength is 205-.
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