CN112748344A - Method for calibrating solar simulator, light source system and solar cell testing method - Google Patents
Method for calibrating solar simulator, light source system and solar cell testing method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present disclosure relates to a method of calibrating a solar simulator, a corresponding sunlight simulating light source system and a multi-junction cell testing method. The method for calibrating the solar simulator comprises the following steps: testing the short-circuit current Isc1 of the standard multi-junction cell under a standard solar simulator; testing the short-circuit current Isc (i) of n single-junction standard sub-cells under a standard solar simulator; testing the short-circuit current Isc2 of the standard multi-junction cell under the solar simulator to be calibrated to enable Isc2 to approach Isc 1; and (3) testing the short-circuit current Isc (I) of each single-junction standard sub-cell under the solar simulator to be calibrated, so that the short-circuit current Isc (I) of each single-junction standard sub-cell is respectively consistent with the corresponding short-circuit current Isc (i) in the step S2. According to the method for calibrating the solar simulator, the light source system and the multi-junction cell testing method provided by the embodiment of the invention, the requirement on the spectral light intensity matching degree of the common solar simulator is lowered, and the accuracy of the performance test of the multi-junction solar cell under the common solar simulator is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of multi-junction solar cell testing, in particular to a method for calibrating a solar simulator during testing of a multi-junction solar cell, an adopted light source system and a corresponding multi-junction solar cell testing method.
Background
For a multi-junction solar cell, the performance parameters of the multi-junction solar cell need to be subjected to an I-V test under a simulated solar spectrum, and the multi-junction solar cell is graded according to the I-V test result. In order to ensure the accuracy of the multi-junction solar cell test, a calibrated multi-junction solar standard cell is needed to calibrate a test machine, the optical reflection lens or the light source inside the test machine is seriously aged due to long-term test use, and meanwhile, the A-grade solar simulator has an error within 25% in the matching degree of the spectral intensity according to a solar simulator standard system ASTME927-10, IEC60904-9 or GBT 9494 and 2017. Therefore, the spectral intensities of the solar simulators of manufacturers, testing institutions, scientific research institutions and the like are deviated, so that the same battery is tested in different places and results are different, and test data of one party cannot be accepted by the other parties.
On the other hand, the multi-junction solar cell is composed of a plurality of single-junction cells connected in series, and the total output current is determined by the cell with the minimum output current, namely, the current-limiting junction problem exists. When the light intensity of a certain section of the spectrum is low, the current of the corresponding single junction cell is low, which results in low overall output current of the multi-junction cell. The output spectral range of the currently common solar simulator is mainly 400-1100nm, the light intensity of the adopted xenon lamp is mainly concentrated in the region, and the light intensity is low after 1100nm, so that the spectrum is inconsistent with the solar standard spectra AM1.5G and AM 0. The required spectral response range of the multi-junction cell is 300-1800nm, and the existing simulator has difficulty in testing the multi-junction cell and cannot simultaneously meet the requirement that each sub-cell achieves ideal short-circuit current. When the light intensity of the output simulator is improved, the short-circuit current of the multi-junction battery can be just consistent with that of a standard spectrum, but the actual light intensity deviates from the standard light intensity at the moment, and the test error is large. There are novel testing devices developed for multi-junction batteries in the market, such as LED light sources and multi-lamp systems, but these devices have difficulties in matching spectral light intensity, are expensive, and cannot be applied to mass production.
Disclosure of Invention
One objective of the present invention is to provide a method for calibrating a solar simulator to improve the accuracy of a performance test of a multi-junction solar cell under the solar simulator.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a light source system simulating sunlight to perform a performance test on a multi-junction solar cell under the light source system and improve the accuracy of the performance test of the multi-junction solar cell.
Another objective of the present invention is to provide a method for testing a multi-junction solar cell, so as to improve the accuracy of the performance test of the multi-junction solar cell.
According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of calibrating a solar simulator, comprising the steps of:
s1: testing short circuit current Isc1 of a standard multi-junction cell under a standard solar simulator, the standard multi-junction cell comprising n sub-cells;
s2: testing short-circuit current Isc (i) of n single-junction standard sub-cells under a standard solar simulator, wherein i is 1, 2, … … n, and the PN junction structure of each single-junction standard sub-cell is consistent with the PN junction structure of each sub-cell of the standard multi-junction cell and absorbs the spectrum of the same waveband;
s3: roughly adjusting the light intensity of the solar simulator to be calibrated to test the short-circuit current Isc2 of the standard multi-junction cell under the solar simulator to be calibrated, so that Isc2 approaches to Isc 1;
s4: maintaining the light intensity of the solar simulator to be calibrated in the step S3 unchanged, and testing the short-circuit current isc (I) of each single-junction standard sub-cell under the solar simulator to be calibrated, where I is 1, 2, … …, n;
and S5, respectively enabling the short-circuit current Isc (I) of each single-junction standard sub-cell tested in the step S4 to be consistent with the corresponding short-circuit current Isc (i) in the step S2, and determining that the light intensity distribution obtained through calibration is basically consistent with the standard spectrum.
According to one embodiment, the method of calibrating a solar simulator further comprises the steps of:
s6, in step S4, if one or more short-circuit currents Isc (I) in the short-circuit currents Isc (I) of the single-junction standard sub-cells are not consistent with the corresponding short-circuit currents Isc (i) in the step S2, an auxiliary light source is provided to compensate the light intensity of the solar simulator to be calibrated, and the short-circuit currents Isc (I) of the single-junction standard sub-cells are respectively consistent with the corresponding short-circuit currents Isc (i) in the step S2 by adjusting the light intensities of the solar simulator to be calibrated and the auxiliary light source, and the light intensity distribution provided by the solar simulator to be calibrated and the auxiliary light source is determined to be basically consistent with the standard spectrum.
According to one embodiment, the method of calibrating a solar simulator further comprises the steps of:
s7.1, in the step S4, if the short-circuit current Isc (I) of one or more single-junction standard sub-cells in the short-circuit current Isc (I) of each single-junction standard sub-cell is higher than the corresponding short-circuit current Isc (i) in the step S2, the light intensity of the solar simulator to be calibrated is reduced, and the short-circuit current of the single-junction standard sub-cell with the maximum short-circuit current amplification is consistent with the corresponding short-circuit current in the step S2; and
s7.2, respectively irradiating other single-junction standard sub-cells in the step S7.1 by using auxiliary light sources, and respectively adjusting the light intensity of each auxiliary light source to enable the short-circuit current of each single-junction standard sub-cell to be consistent with the corresponding short-circuit current in the step S2, wherein the light intensity distribution provided by the solar simulator to be calibrated and each auxiliary light source together is determined to be basically consistent with the standard spectrum.
According to one embodiment, in step S7.1, the light intensity of the solar simulator to be calibrated is reduced by directly adjusting the light intensity of the solar simulator to be calibrated or adding a filter.
According to one embodiment, the method of calibrating a solar simulator further comprises the steps of:
s8.1: in step S4, if the short-circuit current isc (i) of each single-junction standard sub-cell is lower than the corresponding short-circuit current isc (i) in step S2, the light intensity of the solar simulator to be calibrated is increased, so that the short-circuit current of the single-junction standard sub-cell with the minimum short-circuit current reduction amplitude is consistent with the corresponding short-circuit current in step S2; and
s8.2: and (3) respectively irradiating other single-junction standard sub-cells in the step (S8.1) by using auxiliary light sources, and respectively adjusting the light intensity of each auxiliary light source to enable the short-circuit current of each other single-junction standard sub-cell to be consistent with the corresponding short-circuit current in the step (S2), wherein the light intensity distribution provided by the solar simulator to be calibrated and each auxiliary light source together is determined to be basically consistent with the standard spectrum.
According to one embodiment, in step S8.1, the light intensity of the solar simulator to be calibrated is enhanced by directly increasing the light intensity of the solar simulator or adding a condensing lens.
According to one embodiment, the method of calibrating a solar simulator further comprises the steps of:
after the short-circuit current Isc (i) of each single-junction standard sub-cell is consistent with the corresponding short-circuit current Isc (i) in the step S2, the light intensity of the solar simulator and/or the auxiliary light source to be calibrated is adjusted finely again, and the short-circuit current of the standard multi-junction cell is tested, so that the short-circuit current of the standard multi-junction cell is equal to Isc 1.
According to one embodiment, besides the sub-cell corresponding to the top cell of the standard multi-junction cell, a semiconductor thin film is additionally grown on the other single-junction standard sub-cells for absorbing sunlight outside the spectral response wavelength range of the corresponding sub-cell in the standard multi-junction cell. According to one embodiment, the auxiliary light source comprises a laser light source, an LED light source, a xenon lamp or a halogen lamp.
The invention provides a multi-junction solar cell testing method, which comprises the following steps:
providing a light source system for simulating sunlight by using the method for calibrating a solar simulator according to the first aspect of the invention, wherein the light source system comprises the solar simulator and an auxiliary light source; and
and testing the multi-junction solar cell under simulated sunlight irradiated by the solar simulator and the auxiliary light source together.
According to one embodiment, the multi-junction solar cell testing method recalibrates the solar simulator and provides different auxiliary light sources for different types of multi-junction solar cells.
Another aspect of the present invention provides a light source system for simulating sunlight, the light source system comprising a solar simulator and an auxiliary light source, wherein the auxiliary light source is used for compensating the light intensity of the solar simulator to be calibrated to obtain a standard solar spectrum; wherein,
the solar simulator is a solar simulator calibrated according to the method of calibrating a solar simulator of the first aspect; the auxiliary light source is an auxiliary light source provided according to the method of calibrating a solar simulator of the first aspect.
According to the method for calibrating the solar simulator, the corresponding light source system for simulating sunlight and the multi-junction cell testing method provided by the embodiment of the invention, the solar simulator is calibrated through the standard single-junction cell and the auxiliary light source matched on the premise of not greatly transforming the common solar simulator, so that the requirement on the spectral light intensity matching degree of the common solar simulator is reduced, and the accuracy of the performance test of the multi-junction solar cell under the common solar simulator is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow diagram of a method of a standard solar simulator in accordance with one embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow diagram of a method of a standard solar simulator in accordance with another embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a flow diagram of a method of a standard solar simulator in accordance with another embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a flow diagram of a method of a standard solar simulator in accordance with another embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph of the spectral response wavelength ranges of three single junction standard subcells in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;
figure 6 is a schematic diagram of measuring a single junction standard sub-cell or standard multi-junction cell short circuit current according to one embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. In the embodiments of the present invention and the drawings, the same reference numerals refer to the same meanings unless otherwise defined. Also, it should be noted that the numbers in the step marks S1, S2, S3 … … in the method steps described in the embodiments of the present invention are only step codes, and do not necessarily indicate the actual execution order of the respective steps. The actual order may differ from the numerical designations where feasible.
A first aspect of the invention provides a method of calibrating a solar simulator. In one embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1, the method comprises the steps of:
step S1: at the third party authority, standard multijunction cells were tested for short circuit current Isc1 under calibrated standard solar simulators, such as am1.5g or AM0 standard spectra.
Step S2: single junction standard subcells were tested at a third party authority under a calibrated standard solar simulator for short circuit current isc (i), i ═ 1, 2, 3 … … n, where n is the number of cell junctions or subcells for the standard multijunction subcells. The PN junction structure of each single-junction standard sub-battery is consistent with each junction sub-battery consistent with the standard multi-junction battery, and the PN junction structure absorbs the spectrum of the same wave band.
In order to avoid interference and improve the testing precision, in each single-junction standard sub-cell, besides the sub-cell corresponding to the top cell of the standard multi-junction cell, a layer of semiconductor thin film is additionally grown in each other sub-cell, and sunlight outside the spectral response wavelength range of the corresponding sub-cell in the multi-junction cell is correspondingly absorbed.
Step S3: the light intensity of the solar simulator to be calibrated is coarsely adjusted and the standard multi-junction cell is tested for short circuit current Isc2 such that Isc2 is close to Isc1, for example, the proximity is around 10% different.
Step S4: maintaining the light intensity of the solar simulator to be calibrated in the step S3 unchanged, and testing the short-circuit current isc (I) of each single-junction standard sub-cell under the simulation spectrum of the solar simulator to be calibrated, wherein I is 1, 2, 3 … …, n;
step S5: and if the short-circuit current Isc (I) of each single-junction standard sub-cell is consistent with the corresponding short-circuit current Isc (i) in the step 2, the light intensity distribution of the solar simulator to be calibrated is close to or basically consistent with the standard spectrum.
Optionally, in consideration that there may be some errors after the multi-junction cells are stacked, in order to further improve the accuracy of the test, after step S5, step S9 may be further included: and (3) finely adjusting the light power of the solar simulator, testing the short-circuit current Isc3 of the standard multi-junction cell, and making Isc3 equal to Isc1, thereby further confirming that the light intensity distribution of the solar simulator to be calibrated is consistent with the standard spectrum.
The light intensity distribution of the solar simulator calibrated in the steps is consistent with the standard spectrum, and the solar simulator can be used for testing and grading multi-junction cell products, so that the accuracy of performance testing of the multi-junction solar cell under the solar simulator is guaranteed.
According to the method for calibrating the solar simulator provided by the embodiment, on the premise that a common solar simulator is not greatly modified, the solar simulator is calibrated by the aid of the standard single-junction solar cell, the light intensity distribution of the calibrated solar simulator is consistent with the standard spectrum, the requirement for testing and grading multi-junction cell products can be met, the expensive high-precision solar simulator is prevented from being purchased and used, and the testing cost is greatly saved.
FIG. 2 illustrates a method of calibrating a solar simulator, according to another embodiment. Steps S1-S4 in this embodiment are the same as those in the embodiment shown in fig. 1, and therefore are not repeated, except that after step S4, the method includes step S6: if one or more short-circuit currents Isc (I) in the short-circuit currents Isc (I) of the single-junction standard sub-cells tested in the step S4 are not consistent with the corresponding short-circuit currents Isc (i) in the step S2, the auxiliary light source is provided to compensate the light intensity of the solar simulator to be calibrated, and the short-circuit currents Isc (I) of the single-junction standard sub-cells tested are respectively consistent with the corresponding short-circuit currents Isc (i) in the step S2 by adjusting the light intensities of the solar simulator to be calibrated and the auxiliary light source, and the commonly provided light intensity distribution of the solar simulator to be calibrated and the auxiliary light source is determined to be substantially consistent with the standard spectrum.
Similarly, after step S6, optionally, the method may further include the steps of: and (3) finely adjusting the light intensity (or light power) of the solar simulator and/or each auxiliary light source, testing the short-circuit current Isc3 of the standard multi-junction cell to make Isc3 equal to Isc1, and further confirming that the light intensity distribution of the light source system formed by the solar simulator to be calibrated and the auxiliary light source is consistent with the standard solar spectrum.
According to the method for calibrating the solar simulator provided by the embodiment, in the case that one or more short-circuit currents isc (i) of the single-junction standard sub-cells tested in the step S4 are not consistent with the corresponding short-circuit currents isc (i) of the single-junction standard sub-cells tested in the step S2, the light intensity of the solar simulator to be calibrated is compensated by further providing the auxiliary light source, and the light intensity distribution under the superposition action of the solar simulator to be calibrated and each auxiliary light source is basically consistent with the standard spectrum, so that the multi-junction cell product is tested and graded under the superposition light intensity, and the accuracy of the performance test of the multi-junction solar cell can also be ensured. Therefore, the purchase and use of expensive high-precision solar simulators are also avoided, and the test cost is greatly saved.
FIG. 3 illustrates a method of calibrating a solar simulator, according to another embodiment. Steps S1 to S4 in this embodiment are the same as the embodiment shown in fig. 1, and therefore are not repeated, except that if the short circuit isc (I) of one or more single junction standard sub-cells occurs in step S4, I is 1, 2, 3 … …, n is significantly different from the short circuit isc (I) in step S2, I is 1, 2, 3 … …, n, the following steps are performed:
step S7.1: short-circuit current Isc (I) of one or more single-junction standard sub-cells under the solar simulator to be calibrated, wherein I is 1, 2 and 3 … … higher than the current Isc (I) under the standard spectrum, and I is 1, 2 and 3 … …, and the light intensity of the solar simulator to be calibrated is reduced, so that the short-circuit current of the single-junction standard sub-cell with the maximum short-circuit current amplification is equal to the short-circuit current in the step 2; and
step S7.2: and (3) respectively irradiating other single-junction standard sub-cells in the step (S7.1) by using auxiliary light sources, and respectively adjusting the light intensity of each auxiliary light source to enable the short-circuit current of each other single-junction standard sub-cell to be consistent with the corresponding short-circuit current in the step (S2). At this time, the light intensity distribution provided by the solar simulator to be calibrated and each auxiliary light source together can be determined to be substantially consistent with the standard spectrum.
Likewise, after step S7.2, optionally, a step of: and (3) finely adjusting the light power of the solar simulator and each auxiliary light source, testing the short-circuit current Isc4 of the standard multi-junction cell to make Isc4 equal to Isc1, and further confirming that the light intensity distribution provided by the solar simulator to be calibrated and each auxiliary light source together is consistent with the standard spectrum. The multijunction cell product can then be tested and graded under a light source system consisting of the solar simulator to be calibrated and each auxiliary light source.
The advantages of the embodiment described in fig. 2 are also obtained with this embodiment. In addition, according to this embodiment, the single junction standard sub-cell with the largest short-circuit current amplification is selected and the short-circuit current thereof is adjusted to be consistent with the standard short-circuit current in step S2 in step S7.1, and then the currents of other single junction standard sub-cells are adjusted to be consistent with the standard short-circuit current by the auxiliary light source, so that the short-circuit currents of all the single junction standard sub-cells can be adjusted to be consistent with the standard short-circuit current more conveniently and quickly.
The specific reason is based on the following considerations: when the current of the sub-battery with the largest amplification is reduced, the current of other junction batteries is inevitably lower than the standard current, and the current of other sub-batteries is easier to increase by using other auxiliary light sources. If the centered cell is first reduced to the standard current in step S2, the current of the single junction cell is higher than the standard current in step S2, the current of the subcell cannot be reduced by the auxiliary light source, and the current of the subcell needs to be reduced by the external filter of the solar simulator, and the actual operation may need a plurality of different transmittance filters or variable transmittance filters. Therefore, this embodiment provides a more operational method for adjusting the current of a single junction standard sub-cell, which can achieve the calibration of the light intensity more quickly than the previous embodiment.
FIG. 4 illustrates a method of calibrating a solar simulator, according to another embodiment. Steps S1 to S4 in this embodiment are the same as the embodiment shown in fig. 1, and therefore are not repeated, except that if the short circuit isc (I) of one or more single junction standard sub-cells occurs in step S4, I is 1, 2, 3 … …, n is significantly different from the short circuit isc (I) in step S2, I is 1, 2, 3 … …, n, the following steps are performed:
step S8.1 in step S4, if the short-circuit current isc (I) of the single-junction standard sub-cell under the solar simulator to be calibrated is lower than the current isc (I) under the standard spectrum in step S2, I is 1, 2, 3 … … n, the light intensity of the solar simulator to be calibrated is increased, so that the short-circuit current of the sub-cell with the minimum deviation amplitude of the short-circuit current is equal to the short-circuit current in step S2; and
step S8.2: the other single junction standard subcells in step S8.1 are illuminated with auxiliary light sources, respectively, and the light sources are adjusted so that the short circuit current of each single junction standard subcell coincides with step S2. At this time, the light intensity distribution provided by the solar simulator to be calibrated and each auxiliary light source together can be determined to be substantially consistent with the standard spectrum.
Likewise, after step S8.2, optionally, a step of: and (3) finely adjusting the light power of the solar simulator and each auxiliary light source, testing the short-circuit current Isc4 of the standard multi-junction cell to make Isc4 equal to Isc1, and further confirming that the light intensity distribution provided by the solar simulator to be calibrated and each auxiliary light source together is consistent with the standard spectrum. The multijunction cell product can then be tested and graded under a light source system consisting of the solar simulator to be calibrated and each auxiliary light source.
The advantages of the embodiment described in fig. 2 are also obtained with this embodiment. In addition, according to this embodiment, the short-circuit current of all the single-junction standard sub-cells can be adjusted to be consistent with the standard short-circuit current more conveniently and rapidly by first selecting the single-junction standard sub-cell with the minimum short-circuit current reduction in step S8.1 and adjusting the short-circuit current to be consistent with the standard short-circuit current in step S2, and then adjusting the current of other single-junction standard sub-cells to be consistent with the standard short-circuit current by the auxiliary light source.
The specific reason is similar to the embodiment of fig. 3: when the current of the sub-battery with the minimum reduction amplitude is increased, the current of other junction batteries is inevitably lower than the standard current, and the current of other sub-batteries is easier to increase by using other auxiliary light sources. If the center cell is first stepped down to the standard current in step S2, the current of the single junction cell is higher than the standard current in step S2, the current of the subcell cannot be reduced by the auxiliary light source, and the current of the subcell needs to be reduced by the external filter of the solar simulator, and the actual operation may need a plurality of different transmittance filters or variable transmittance filters. Therefore, this embodiment provides a more operational method for adjusting the current of a single junction standard sub-cell, which can achieve the calibration of the light intensity more quickly than the previous embodiment.
2-4 also provide a light source system for simulating sunlight, the light source system including a solar simulator and an auxiliary light source for compensating the light intensity of the solar simulator to be calibrated to obtain a standard solar spectrum; the solar simulator is calibrated according to the method of the embodiment, and the auxiliary light source is provided according to the method of the embodiment.
Based on the above embodiments, another aspect of the present invention provides a method for testing a multi-junction solar cell, including: providing a light source system simulating sunlight by using the method for calibrating the solar simulator of each embodiment, wherein the light source system comprises the solar simulator and an auxiliary light source; and testing the multi-junction solar cell under the simulated sunlight irradiated by the solar simulator and the auxiliary light source together.
The solar simulator can be recalibrated and different auxiliary light sources provided for different kinds of multijunction solar cells at the time of specific testing. Therefore, the multi-junction solar cell testing method does not need to be provided with a specific type of solar simulator aiming at a specific type of solar cell, and has great adaptability and flexibility. For the same kind of battery, the calibration steps of the above embodiments can be performed at any time and at regular intervals as required, so as to ensure that the light intensity distribution of the solar simulator to be calibrated is consistent with that of the third-party standard solar simulator.
In the above embodiments, the multijunction solar cell preferably includes, but is not limited to, a group iii-v semiconductor solar cell, a silicon cell, and the like. For the triple-junction cell, preferably, the spectral response wavelength range of the single-junction standard sub-cell is 300-700nm, 550-950nm, 850-1350nm or 300-700nm, 550-950nm and 850-1750 nm.
In the above embodiments, the method for reducing the light intensity of the solar simulator to be calibrated may be to turn down the light power of the solar simulator or to add a filter.
In the above embodiments, the method for enhancing the light intensity of the solar simulator to be calibrated may be to increase the light power of the solar simulator or to add a condensing lens.
In the above embodiments, the light source includes, but is not limited to, a laser, an LED, a xenon lamp, a halogen lamp, and the like.
According to the method for calibrating the solar simulator, the corresponding light source system for simulating sunlight and the multi-junction cell testing method provided by the embodiment of the invention, the solar simulator is calibrated through the standard single-junction cell and the auxiliary light source matched on the premise of not greatly transforming the common solar simulator, so that the requirement on the spectral light intensity matching degree of the common solar simulator is reduced, and the accuracy of the performance test of the multi-junction solar cell under the common solar simulator is improved. The solar simulator or the light source system comprising the solar simulator is accurate in spectrum matching after calibration, low in price and suitable for batch production and application.
The process of calibrating a solar simulator and performing a cell performance test using the method of the foregoing embodiment is described below by way of specific examples. Specifically, the following example illustrates a solar simulator calibration and cell testing process using a GaInP/GaAs/InGaAs triple junction cell as an example. Figure 5 shows a plot of the spectral response wavelength ranges of three single junction standard subcells. In the figure, the single-junction standard sub-cell 1 is a GaInP sub-cell, the single-junction standard sub-cell 2 is a GaAs sub-cell, and the single-junction standard sub-cell 3 is an InGaAs sub-cell. Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of measuring the short-circuit current Isc of a single-junction standard sub-cell or a standard multi-junction cell.
Test example 1:
step 1: in the third-party authority, the short-circuit current of the GaInP/GaAs/InGaAs standard three-junction battery under the AM1.5G spectrum is measured to be 0.1A.
Step 2: at the third party authority, 1X 1cm under the measured AM1.5G spectrum2The short-circuit current of the GaInP, GaAs and InGaAs single-junction standard sub-cells is 0.13, 0.19 and 0.16A respectively.
And step 3: and roughly adjusting the light intensity of the solar simulator to be calibrated, and measuring the short-circuit current of the standard multi-junction cell to enable the short-circuit current to be 0.1A +/-5%.
And 4, step 4: and (3) testing the short-circuit current of the three unijunction standard sub-cells under the light intensity of the solar simulator to be calibrated in the step (3), and if the error is +/-2% when the light intensity of the solar simulator to be calibrated is close to the third-party test data, determining that the light intensity distribution of the solar simulator to be calibrated is consistent with the standard spectrum in three different spectral response ranges.
And 5: and (4) finely adjusting the light intensity of the solar simulator in the step (4), and testing the short-circuit current of the standard multi-junction cell to ensure that the light intensity distribution of the simulator to be calibrated is consistent with the standard solar spectrum when the short-circuit current is 0.1A +/-2%.
Step 6: the solar simulated spectrum obtained in step 5 can be used for testing and grading the multijunction cell.
Test example 2:
steps 1 to 3 were the same as in test example 1. In step 4, short-circuit currents of GaInP, GaAs and InGaAs of the single-junction standard sub-cell are measured to be 0.15A, 0.19A and 0.16A respectively, and compared with the short-circuit current of the single-junction standard sub-cell tested by a third-party authority in step 2, the short-circuit current of the GaInP is higher by 0.02A, the optical power of the solar simulator to be calibrated is reduced at the moment to reduce the light intensity, the measured short-circuit current of the GaInP is 0.13A, and the short-circuit currents of the GaAs and the InGaAs are reduced to be 0.17A and 0.13A at the moment. The two junction sub-cells are correspondingly irradiated with broadband light sources of 700-.
And 5, finely adjusting the light intensity of the simulator and the light source, measuring that the short-circuit current of the standard three-junction battery is 0.1A +/-2%, wherein the light intensity distribution under the superposition effect of the simulator and the light source is consistent with the third-party standard spectrum, and testing and grading the multi-junction battery under the light source system formed by the solar simulation spectrum and the external light source.
Test example 3:
steps 1 to 3 were the same as in test example 1. In step 4, short-circuit currents of GaInP, GaAs and InGaAs of the single-junction standard sub-cell are measured to be 0.11, 0.18 and 0.13A respectively, and compared with the short-circuit current of the single-junction standard sub-cell tested by a third-party authority in step 2, the absolute value of deviation of the GaAs short-circuit current is minimum, the optical power of the solar simulator to be calibrated is increased to increase the light intensity, the measured GaAs short-circuit current is 0.19A, and the short-circuit currents of GaInP and InGaAs are increased to be 0.12 and 0.14A. The two sub-cells are correspondingly irradiated with broadband light sources of 400-.
And 5, finely adjusting the light intensity of the simulator and the external light source to enable the short-circuit current of the standard three-junction battery to be 0.1A +/-2%, wherein the light intensity distribution under the superposition effect of the simulator and the light source is consistent with that of a third-party standard spectrum, and the multi-junction battery can be tested and classified under a light source system formed by the solar simulation spectrum and the external light source.
Test example 4:
steps 1 to 3 were the same as in test example 1. In step 4, short-circuit currents of GaInP, GaAs and InGaAs of the single-junction standard sub-cell are measured to be 0.11, 0.18 and 0.13A respectively, and compared with the short-circuit current of the single-junction standard sub-cell tested by a third-party authority in step 2, the absolute value of deviation of the GaAs short-circuit current is the minimum, a Fresnel lens is added at a light outlet of the solar simulator at the moment, the measured GaAs short-circuit current is 0.19A, and the short-circuit currents of GaInP and InGaAs are improved to be 0.12 and 0.14A at the moment. The two standard sub-batteries are correspondingly irradiated with broadband light sources of 400-.
And 5, finely adjusting the light intensity of the simulator and the external light source to enable the short-circuit current of the standard three-junction battery to be 0.1A +/-2%, wherein the light intensity distribution of the simulator is consistent with that of a third-party standard spectrum, and the multi-junction battery can be tested and classified under the solar simulation spectrum and the external light source.
Test example 5:
step 1: in the third-party authority, the short-circuit current of the GaInP/GaAs/InGaAs standard three-junction battery under the AM1.5G spectrum is measured to be 0.1A.
Step 2: at the third party authority, 1X 1cm under the measured AM1.5G spectrum2The short-circuit current of the GaInP, GaAs and InGaAs single-junction standard sub-cells is 0.13, 0.15 and 0.18A respectively.
And step 3: and roughly adjusting the light intensity of the solar simulator to be calibrated, and measuring the short-circuit current of the standard multi-junction cell to enable the short-circuit current to be 0.1A.
And 4, step 4: and (3) measuring short-circuit currents of GaInP, GaAs and InGaAs of the single-junction standard sub-cell respectively at 0.11A, 0.16A and 0.17A, comparing the short-circuit currents of the single-junction standard sub-cell tested by a third party authority in the step 2, wherein the GaAs short-circuit currents are higher by 0.1A, reducing the light power of the solar simulator to be calibrated to reduce the light intensity, measuring the GaAs short-circuit currents to be 0.15A, and reducing the GaInP and InGaAs short-circuit currents to be 0.10A and 0.16A at the moment. Correspondingly irradiating wide-band light sources of 300-650nm and 900-1300nm to the two-junction sub-batteries, and adjusting the light intensity of the corresponding light sources to improve the short-circuit current of GaInP and InGaAs to 0.13A and 0.18A.
And 5, finely adjusting the light intensity of the simulator, measuring that the short-circuit current of the standard three-junction battery is 0.1A +/-2%, wherein the light intensity distribution under the superposition effect of the simulator and a light source is consistent with that of a third-party standard spectrum, and the multi-junction battery can be tested and classified under a light source system consisting of the solar simulation spectrum and an external light source.
Test example 6:
steps 1 to 3 were the same as in test example 2. In step 4, short-circuit currents of GaInP, GaAs and InGaAs of the single-junction standard sub-cell are measured to be 0.15A, 0.19A and 0.16A respectively, and compared with the short-circuit current of the single-junction standard sub-cell tested by the third-party authority in step 2, the short-circuit current of GaInP is higher by 0.02A, at this time, the light intensity in the wavelength range of 300 and 650nm can be reduced by using a filter, the light intensities of other wavelengths are kept unchanged, and the short-circuit currents of GaInP, GaAs and InGaAs are measured to be 0.13A, 0.19A and 0.16A respectively.
And 5, finely adjusting the light intensity of the simulator, measuring that the short-circuit current of the standard three-junction battery is 0.1A +/-2%, wherein the light intensity distribution of the simulator is consistent with the third-party standard spectrum, and testing and grading the multi-junction battery under the solar simulation spectrum.
In actual production, the relative distribution states of the single-junction standard sub-cells Isc are classified more, and the above is only a test example given for some of the distribution states. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications without departing from the structure of the invention, which will not affect the effect of the invention and the practicability of the patent.
The foregoing embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and configurations of this invention and are not to be construed as limiting thereof, it being understood by those skilled in the art that any variations and modifications which come within the spirit of the invention are desired to be protected. The protection scope of the present invention shall be defined by the claims of the present application.
Claims (12)
1. A method of calibrating a solar simulator, comprising the steps of:
s1: testing short circuit current Isc1 of a standard multi-junction cell under a standard solar simulator, the standard multi-junction cell comprising n sub-cells;
s2: testing short-circuit current Isc (i) of n single-junction standard sub-cells under a standard solar simulator, wherein i is 1, 2, … … n, and the PN junction structure of each single-junction standard sub-cell is consistent with the PN junction structure of each sub-cell of the standard multi-junction cell and absorbs the spectrum of the same waveband;
s3: roughly adjusting the light intensity of the solar simulator to be calibrated to test the short-circuit current Isc2 of the standard multi-junction cell under the solar simulator to be calibrated, so that Isc2 approaches to Isc 1;
s4: maintaining the light intensity of the solar simulator to be calibrated in the step S3 unchanged, and testing the short-circuit current isc (I) of each single-junction standard sub-cell under the solar simulator to be calibrated, where I is 1, 2, … …, n;
and S5, respectively enabling the short-circuit current Isc (I) of each single-junction standard sub-cell tested in the step S4 to be consistent with the corresponding short-circuit current Isc (i) in the step S2, and determining that the light intensity distribution obtained through calibration is basically consistent with the standard spectrum.
2. The method of calibrating a solar simulator of claim 1 further comprising the steps of:
and S6, if one or more short-circuit currents Isc (I) in the short-circuit currents Isc (I) of the single-junction standard sub-cells tested in the step S4 are not consistent with the corresponding short-circuit currents Isc (i) in the step S2, providing an auxiliary light source to compensate the light intensity of the solar simulator to be calibrated, and adjusting the light intensities of the solar simulator to be calibrated and the auxiliary light source to enable the short-circuit currents Isc (I) of the single-junction standard sub-cells tested to be respectively consistent with the corresponding short-circuit currents Isc (i) in the step S2, and determining that the light intensity distribution provided by the solar simulator to be calibrated and the auxiliary light source together is basically consistent with the standard spectrum.
3. The method of calibrating a solar simulator of claim 1, further comprising the steps of:
s7.1, in the step S4, if the short-circuit current Isc (I) of one or more single-junction standard sub-cells in the short-circuit current Isc (I) of each single-junction standard sub-cell is higher than the corresponding short-circuit current Isc (i) in the step S2, the light intensity of the solar simulator to be calibrated is reduced, and the short-circuit current of the single-junction standard sub-cell with the maximum short-circuit current amplification is consistent with the corresponding short-circuit current in the step S2; and
s7.2, respectively irradiating other single-junction standard sub-cells in the step S7.1 by using auxiliary light sources, and respectively adjusting the light intensity of each auxiliary light source to enable the short-circuit current of each single-junction standard sub-cell to be consistent with the corresponding short-circuit current in the step S2, wherein the light intensity distribution provided by the solar simulator to be calibrated and each auxiliary light source together is determined to be basically consistent with the standard spectrum.
4. A method of calibrating a solar simulator as claimed in claim 3, wherein in step S7.1 the light intensity of the solar simulator to be calibrated is reduced by directly adjusting the light intensity of the solar simulator to be calibrated or adding filters.
5. The method of calibrating a solar simulator of claim 1, further comprising the steps of:
s8.1: in step S4, if the short-circuit current isc (i) of each single-junction standard sub-cell is lower than the corresponding short-circuit current isc (i) in step S2, the light intensity of the solar simulator to be calibrated is increased, so that the short-circuit current of the single-junction standard sub-cell with the minimum short-circuit current reduction amplitude is consistent with the corresponding short-circuit current in step S2; and
s8.2: and (3) respectively irradiating other single-junction standard sub-cells in the step (S8.1) by using auxiliary light sources, and respectively adjusting the light intensity of each auxiliary light source to enable the short-circuit current of each other single-junction standard sub-cell to be consistent with the corresponding short-circuit current in the step (S2), wherein the light intensity distribution provided by the solar simulator to be calibrated and each auxiliary light source together is determined to be basically consistent with the standard spectrum.
6. The method of calibrating a solar simulator as defined in claim 5, wherein in step S8.1, the intensity of the solar simulator to be calibrated is enhanced by directly increasing the intensity of the solar simulator or adding a condensing lens.
7. The method of calibrating a solar simulator of any of claims 1-6, further comprising the steps of:
after the short-circuit current Isc (i) of each single-junction standard sub-cell is consistent with the corresponding short-circuit current Isc (i) in the step S2, the light intensity of the solar simulator and/or the auxiliary light source to be calibrated is adjusted finely again, and the short-circuit current of the standard multi-junction cell is tested, so that the short-circuit current of the standard multi-junction cell is equal to Isc 1.
8. The method according to claim 1, wherein a semiconductor thin film is grown on the single junction standard sub-cell except the sub-cell corresponding to the top cell of the standard multi-junction cell for absorbing sunlight outside the wavelength range of the spectral response of the corresponding sub-cell of the standard multi-junction cell.
9. The method of calibrating a solar simulator of claim 2, 3 or 5, wherein the auxiliary light source comprises a laser light source, an LED light source, a xenon lamp or a halogen lamp.
10. A multi-junction solar cell testing method, comprising:
providing a light source system for simulating sunlight using the method of calibrating a solar simulator of any one of claims 1 to 9, the light source system comprising a solar simulator and an auxiliary light source; and
and testing the multi-junction solar cell under simulated sunlight irradiated by the solar simulator and the auxiliary light source together.
11. The multijunction solar cell testing method of claim 10, wherein the solar simulator is recalibrated and different auxiliary light sources are provided for different types of multijunction solar cells.
12. A light source system for simulating sunlight comprises a solar simulator and an auxiliary light source, wherein the auxiliary light source is used for compensating the light intensity of the solar simulator to be calibrated so as to obtain a standard solar spectrum; wherein,
the solar simulator is a solar simulator calibrated according to the method of any one of claims 1-9; the auxiliary light source is an auxiliary light source provided according to the method of any one of claims 1-9.
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