CN112745154A - Method for reducing methane gas emission in cow dung composting process - Google Patents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/70—Controlling the treatment in response to process parameters
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/05—Preparation or purification of carbon not covered by groups C01B32/15, C01B32/20, C01B32/25, C01B32/30
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for reducing methane gas emission in a cow dung composting process, and relates to the technical field of livestock and poultry manure fermentation. The invention takes cow dung and crop straws as basic materials, and highland barley straw biochar and/or wheat straw biochar are added for aerobic fermentation. The highland barley and wheat straw biochar is used as a conditioner of aerobic composting, so that the reduction of the stacking density of a compost body is facilitated, and the air permeability is increased, so that the composting quality is improved, and the composting process is accelerated; can reduce the emission of methane to a certain extent, enhance the life activities of beneficial microorganisms and accelerate the compost maturity.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of livestock and poultry manure fermentation, and particularly relates to a method for reducing methane gas emission in a cow manure composting process.
Background
Methane is the second big greenhouse gas, the temperature-increasing potential of the unit molecule of the methane is 28-34 times of that of carbon dioxide, and the gas concentration is increasing at a speed of about 1% per year, and the methane has important influence on the energy balance of the global ecosystem and global climate change. According to statistics, the emission of greenhouse gases in the livestock production process accounts for 15 percent of the total emission of global gases, wherein CO2Emission accounts for 9% of global gas emission, CH4The emission amount accounts for 37 percent of the global gas emission amount, so the warming potential of methane generated in the livestock production process cannot be ignored. Under the traditional conditions, the process conditions are mainly controlled and changed, such as the ventilation time, the material density, the water content and the like are changed, or a physical adsorbent, a chemical reagent, a microbial agent and the like are added, but the operation is complex and the cost is high.
In addition, the crop straw yield per year in China is up to 6.2 hundred million tons, but the straw utilization rate is only about 30 percent, and a large amount of straw is burnt to generate a large amount of greenhouse gases (nitrogen oxides and CH)4、CO2) And is discharged into the air, which aggravates the greenhouse effect and causes serious agricultural non-point source pollution. It is estimated that 5% -20% of CO is present in the atmosphere annually2And 15% -30% of CH4Derived from soil, especially farmland soil.
Therefore, the unreasonable fermentation mode of the livestock and poultry manure and the straw utilization are greenhouse gas CH4One of the main sources of (1). Especially in Qinghai-Tibet plateau areas, cow dung or yak dung is the main livestock and poultry dung, and how to effectively reduce CH in the fermentation composting process of the cow dung or the yak dung4The amount of emissions of (A) is very small.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention aims to provide a method for reducing methane gas emission in a cow dung composting process, so as to reduce methane emission in cow dung fermentation in plateau areas, enhance life activities of beneficial microorganisms in the compost, and accelerate compost maturity.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a method for reducing methane gas emission in a cow dung composting process is characterized in that cow dung and crop straws are used as basic materials, and biochar is added for aerobic fermentation, wherein the biochar is highland barley straw biochar and/or wheat straw biochar.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the basic material to the biochar is 8-10: 1.
Preferably, the aerobic fermentation temperature is 33-40 ℃, and the fermentation days are 33-42 d.
Preferably, the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the basic material is 25-35, and the water content is more than or equal to 60%.
Preferably, the preparation method of the biochar comprises the following steps: drying and crushing highland barley and/or wheat straws, heating to 300-500 ℃ at a heating rate of 5-10 ℃/min in an anoxic environment, and carbonizing for 1-3 h.
More preferably, the drying standard is that the water content of the straws is less than or equal to 3 percent.
More preferably, the pulverized particle size is 60 to 100 mesh.
More preferably, the preparation method of the biochar comprises the following steps: heating to 400 ℃ at the temperature rising rate of 5 ℃/min in an anoxic environment, and carbonizing for 2 h.
More preferably, after carbonization, the biochar is ground to 10-30 meshes, washed to remove ash and dried.
More preferably, the biochar is ground to 20 meshes after carbonization is completed, and 1 mol.L is used-1And (3) washing with HCl solution to remove ash, filtering, washing with deionized water to a pH value of 7.0-7.5, and drying.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention provides a method for reducing methane gas emission in the cow dung composting process, which takes highland barley and wheat straw biochar as a conditioner of aerobic composting, is beneficial to reducing the stacking density of a compost body and increasing the ventilation property, thereby improving the composting quality and accelerating the composting process; can reduce the emission of methane to a certain extent, enhance the life activities of beneficial microorganisms and accelerate the compost maturity. The biochar belongs to an environment-friendly material, and has great significance for slowing down methane gas when being added into compost.
Drawings
FIG. 1: SEM picture of carbonized wheat straw biochar at 400 ℃;
FIG. 2: the invention is a SEM picture of highland barley straw biochar carbonized at 400 ℃;
FIG. 3: wheat and highland barley straw biochar N2Adsorption-desorption isotherms;
FIG. 4: the pore diameter distribution diagram of the biochar made of the wheat and the highland barley straws;
FIG. 5: wheat and highland barley straw biochar infrared spectrogram;
FIG. 6: different treatment aerobic fermentation compost moisture change diagrams;
FIG. 7: different treatment aerobic fermentation compost carbon-nitrogen ratio change diagrams;
FIG. 8: different treatment aerobic fermentation compost methane gas emission variation diagrams.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a method for reducing methane gas emission in a cow dung composting process, which takes cow dung and crop straws as basic materials and adds biochar for aerobic fermentation.
The biomass charcoal refers to a type of insoluble, stable, highly aromatic and carbon-rich solid substance obtained by thermal cracking and carbonization of biomass (such as agricultural wastes like crop straws, wooden materials, livestock manure and the like, organic wastes and other biomass) in an oxygen-deficient or oxygen-less environment at high temperature (< 700 ℃). According to the invention, wheat and highland barley are used as biomass raw materials to be subjected to high-temperature carbonization treatment, and the prepared biochar is added into cow dung and straw compost to reduce the emission of methane gas in the cow dung composting process, and the biochar is further preferably highland barley straw biochar. According to the invention, the mass ratio of the compost raw materials to the biochar is preferably 8-10: 1, and more preferably 9: 1.
TABLE 1 analysis table of biochar element of wheat straw (%)
| Main elements of | C | O | K | Cl | Ca | Mg | Si |
| Element content | 72.6 | 14.8 | 8.1 | 2.5 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.6 |
TABLE 2 analysis table of charcoal element of highland barley straw (%)
| Main elements of | C | O | Si | K | Ca | Na | Mg | Al | Cl | S | P |
| Element content | 60.4 | 24.7 | 6.6 | 3.3 | 2.0 | 1.1 | 0.6 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.1 |
According to the records in table 1, the condition of the main elements of the wheat straw biochar shows that the content of C is the largest, the main metal elements of K, Ca and Mg are also contained, and in addition, the occurrence of Cl and Si elements can be used as high-concentration additives in the feed, so that Cl and Si elements are still remained after the livestock manure is converted into the straw biochar; according to the records in table 2, the condition of the main elements of the highland barley straw biochar is found that the content of C is the largest, the main metal elements of K, Ca, Na, Mg and Al are also included, and in addition, the occurrence of the elements Cl, Si, S and P can be used as high-concentration additives in the feed, so that the elements Cl, Si, S and P still remain after the livestock manure is converted into the straw biochar. Therefore, the highland barley and/or wheat straw biochar is added into the cow dung and straw compost, so that the emission of methane gas in the compost can be reduced, a plurality of major elements, medium elements and trace elements can be supplemented for the compost, the carbon-nitrogen ratio is improved, and the compost quality is improved.
Fermentation conditions are also important factors affecting the performance of aerobic fermentation. The fermentation temperature can affect the activity of enzymes, further affect the growth of fermentation microorganisms and the metabolism of substrates, and affect the fermentation efficiency. In the organic fertilizer fermentation process, the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the proper organic fertilizer material is also an important factor, under the condition of different carbon-nitrogen ratios, the number of different types of microorganisms is different, the carbon-nitrogen ratio is too high, the growth of microorganisms such as bacteria and the like is limited, the decomposition speed of the organic matters is slow, and the fermentation process is long; the carbon nitrogen ratio is too low, the decomposition speed of organic matters is high, the temperature rise is rapid, the composting period is short, but the nitrogen element is easy to lose in large quantity, so that the fertilizer efficiency is reduced. The proper water content is also a necessary condition for maintaining the optimal activity of the microorganisms, so that the decomposition of the microorganisms is facilitated, and the metabolism and the in-vivo enzyme activity of the microorganisms are influenced by excessive or more water. The optimal aerobic fermentation temperature of the method is 33-37 ℃, the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the basic material is 25-35, and the water content is more than or equal to 60%; further preferably, the aerobic fermentation temperature is 34.5-35.5 ℃, the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the basic material is 25, and the water content is 60-65%; more preferably, the aerobic fermentation temperature is 35 ℃, the carbon nitrogen ratio of the basic material is 25, and the water content is 60%. The aerobic fermentation is continued for 33-42 days, when the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the material is 15-21, the compost can be judged to be in a thoroughly decomposed state, at the moment, the moisture of the compost is 15% -30%, unpleasant odor disappears, and the loose color of the compost is deepened to black or brown. During the aerobic composting process, manual pile turning is carried out, the pile turning frequency is based on the air extraction time, and the pile turning is carried out once after air extraction is finished each time. Initially once a day, followed by two days, and later once three days.
In the process of producing biochar by thermal cracking, biomacromolecules (cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin) are decomposed into small-molecule fuel substances (solid carbon, combustible gas and bio-oil) by a pyrolysis reaction. The preparation process of the biochar has no unified method and standard. The invention uses the highland barley and the wheat straw as biomass raw materials to prepare the highland barley and wheat straw biochar by a slow thermal cracking method. The invention has no special limitation on the biochar preparation equipment, such as the preparation of a carbonization furnace and a tubular resistance furnace.
The preparation method of the highland barley and wheat biochar comprises the following steps: drying and crushing highland barley and/or wheat straws, heating to 300-500 ℃ at a heating rate of 5-10 ℃/min in an anoxic environment, and carbonizing for 1-3 h. Preferably, the drying standard is that the water content of the straws is less than or equal to 3%, and the crushed particle size is 60-100 meshes. Further preferably, the preparation method of the biochar comprises the following steps: heating to 400 ℃ at the heating rate of 5 ℃/min under the anoxic environment, carbonizing for 2h, and keeping the anoxic environment for 1 h. Preferably, after carbonization, the biochar is ground to 10-30 meshes, washed to remove ash and dried. More preferably, the biochar is ground to 20 meshes after carbonization is completed, and 1 mol.L is used-1And (3) washing with HCl solution to remove ash, filtering, washing with deionized water to a pH value of 7.0-7.5, and drying.
The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below with reference to examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
(1) Preparing the highland barley straw biochar: drying the highland barley straws until the moisture content is less than or equal to 3 percent, crushing the highland barley straws, and sieving the crushed highland barley straws with a 80-mesh sieve; heating to 400 ℃ at a heating rate of 5 ℃/min in an anoxic environment, and carbonizing2h, keeping the anaerobic environment for 1h after the carbonization process is finished, and cooling and collecting the biochar; grinding the biochar to 20 meshes, and using 1 mol.L-1Washing with HCl solution to remove ash, filtering, washing with deionized water to pH 7.0, and oven drying.
(2) Aerobic fermentation of compost: mixing cow dung and straw serving as basic materials according to a carbon-nitrogen ratio of 25, and controlling the water content to be 60%; adding highland barley straw biochar with the mass ratio of the basic material to the biochar being 9: 1; controlling the fermentation temperature to be 35 ℃, and continuing the fermentation for 33 days until the compost is thoroughly decomposed.
Example 2
(1) Preparing the wheat straw biochar: drying the wheat straws until the moisture content is less than or equal to 3 percent, crushing the wheat straws, and sieving the crushed wheat straws with a 60-mesh sieve; heating to 300 ℃ at a heating rate of 5 ℃/min under an anoxic environment, carbonizing for 3h, keeping the anoxic environment for 1h after the carbonization process is finished, and cooling and collecting the biochar; grinding the biochar to 10 meshes, and using 1 mol.L-1Washing with HCl solution to remove ash, filtering, washing with deionized water to pH 7.3, and oven drying.
(2) Aerobic fermentation of compost: taking cow dung and straws as basic materials, mixing according to a carbon-nitrogen ratio of 30, and controlling the water content to be 63%; adding the wheat straw biochar with the mass ratio of the basic material to the biochar being 8: 1; controlling the fermentation temperature to be 33 ℃, and continuing the fermentation for 42 days until the compost is thoroughly decomposed.
Example 3
(1) Preparing the highland barley and wheat straw biochar: drying the highland barley and the wheat straws until the water content is less than or equal to 3 percent, crushing the highland barley and the wheat straws, and sieving the crushed highland barley and wheat straws with a 100-mesh sieve; heating to 500 ℃ at a heating rate of 10 ℃/min in an anoxic environment, carbonizing for 1h, keeping the anoxic environment for 1h after the carbonization process is finished, and cooling and collecting the biochar; grinding the biochar to 30 meshes, and using 1 mol.L-1Washing with HCl solution to remove ash, filtering, washing with deionized water to pH 7.5, and oven drying.
(2) Aerobic fermentation of compost: taking cow dung and straws as basic materials, mixing according to a carbon-nitrogen ratio of 35, and controlling the water content to be 65%; adding a mixture of highland barley straw biochar and wheat straw biochar according to the mass ratio of the basic material to the biochar of 10: 1; controlling the fermentation temperature at 40 ℃, and continuing the fermentation for 37 days until the compost is thoroughly decomposed.
Example 4
Effect of different treatments on fermentation of cow dung compost
Firstly, preparing the wheat and highland barley straw biochar:
(1) collecting highland barley straws and wheat straws, and drying in an oven (45 ℃ for 5 h);
(2) pulverizing for 10min in a pulverizer, and sieving with 80 mesh sieve;
(3) weighing 20.00g of a standby sample in a quartz boat, and placing the quartz boat in a tubular resistance furnace;
(4) charging N into the tube type resistance furnace2(ventilation capacity 300mL/min), after 30min, opening a switch of the tubular resistance furnace, setting the temperature at 400 ℃ for 2h, and controlling the temperature in the tubular resistance furnace to be 5 ℃ for min-1The temperature is increased to 400 ℃ at the speed and is kept for 2 hours, and N is obtained after the carbonization process is finished2Keeping for 1h, then closing a gas and an instrument switch, cooling, and collecting the biochar;
(5) grinding the prepared biochar by an agate mortar, and sieving the biochar by a 20-mesh sieve for later use;
(6) 0.2g of two biochar products are taken each time and respectively used for 1 mol. L-1Washing with HCl solution for 5 times, removing ash, filtering, washing with deionized water until pH value is 7.0-7.5 is constant, drying at 105 deg.C for 5h, and bottling in brown glass bottle.
Secondly, mixing materials for composting test:
(1) carbon-nitrogen ratio:
(TCexcrement and urine+TCStraw and stalk)/(TNExcrement and urine+TNStraw and stalk)＝25
Note: TC (tungsten carbide)Excrement and urine: carbon content of dry sample of animal excrement
TCStraw and stalk: carbon content of straw waste dry sample
TNExcrement and urine: nitrogen content of dry sample of fowl and livestock feces
TNStraw and stalk: nitrogen content of straw waste dry sample
(2) Water content:
(Wexcrement and urineMExcrement and urine+WStraw and stalkMStraw and stalk+MWater (W))/(MExcrement and urine+MStraw and stalk+MWater (W))＝60％
Note: wExcrement and urine: water content of cow dung
WStraw and stalk: water content of straw waste
MExcrement and urine: fresh weight of cow dung
MStraw and stalk: fresh weight of straw waste
MWater (W): mass of added water
(3) Material proportioning:
(4) reference index of compost maturity:
1. when the carbon-nitrogen ratio value of the material is 15-21, judging that the compost reaches a rotten state;
2. 15 to 30 percent of water;
3. unpleasant odor until disappeared; the loose color of the pack darkens to black or brown.
Thirdly, indexes monitored in the test period are as follows:
(1) SEM of two biochar types;
(2) BET (specific surface area method) of two biochar;
(3) FTIR (fourier infrared spectroscopy) of two biochar;
(4) moisture in the pack;
(5) the carbon to nitrogen ratio in the stack;
(6) monitoring of methane gas emissions (gas chromatography monitoring, instrument model: GC 7250).
Fourthly, test results:
SEM images of the wheat and highland barley straw biochar prepared by the invention are respectively shown in figures 1 and 2. As can be seen from the figure, the surface appearance of the wheat straw biochar (figure 1) is obvious in pore structure, the whole appearance is similar to a honeycomb briquette shape, the port is obvious in pore structure, but the holes with different arrangement are too narrow, small irregular holes are also formed in the surface, the arrangement is scattered, and the sizes of the holes are different, so that a large space for the existence of microorganisms is provided for later-stage composting, and the method is favorable for the implementation of the life activities of the microorganisms, the promotion of the composting process and the emission reduction of methane gas. The surface appearance of the highland barley straw biochar (figure 2) has an obvious pore structure, the whole appearance is like a honeycomb shape, ports have a more obvious and regular pore structure, most of the surfaces are round holes with different sizes, but the whole arrangement is neat, the distribution is compact, the highland barley straws are generally longer than the altitude, the climate is cold, cellulose and hemicellulose have larger difference with other crops, and therefore, the prepared biochar is different, and is more beneficial to the implementation of microbial life activities, the implementation of composting process promotion and the emission reduction of methane gas.
N for characteristic parameters of pore structures of wheat straw biochar and highland barley straw biochar2Adsorption-desorption assay, as seen in fig. 3. Under the standard state of the same pressure, the adsorption quantity of the highland barley stalk biochar is along with P/P0The increase is rapidly increased and the overall tendency of the adsorption amount is higher than that of the straw biochar. The adsorption-desorption isotherms of the two biochar types belong to the IV-type isotherm. The slope of the adsorption-desorption isotherm of the barley stalk biochar is larger, and the slope of the barley stalk biochar is smoother. At a higher P/P0Then, a capillary condensation phenomenon occurs on the surface of the adsorbent, resulting in a rapid rise in the isotherm. When the relative pressure approaches 1, further agglomeration of the adsorbate occurs at the surface, causing the curve to rise. At P/P0<When the relative adsorption pressure is lower than 0.16, the adsorption quantity of the biochar to the nitrogen is lower, and the adsorption quantity is along with the P/P0The adsorption capacity of the biochar to nitrogen is increased sharply, which shows that mesopores and macropores are the main pore structures of the biochar.
The pore size distribution of the obtained biochar is calculated by using the BJH method and is shown in figure 4. The pore structure of the biochar starts to develop after 17nm is analyzed, the pore area change range is small and tends to be stable along with the increase of the pore diameter, but the pore area is close to the position of 118nm, the curve of the wheat straw biochar is interrupted, and the pore area of the highland barley straw biochar reaches the position of 180nm pore diameter, which shows that the highland barley straw biochar is more than the pore structure of the wheat straw biochar, namely, the number of pores is more, the pore area is large, the pore structure is uniform, the increase of the pore area shows that the pore volume of a mesopore is gradually increased, wherein the pore content is larger, and the method provides a good environment for the cattle manure in the later period.
FTIR analysis of wheat and barley straw biochar is shown in figure 5. As shown in FIG. 5, the two biochar are respectively 3429.64cm-1And 3747.88cm-1、3415.07cm-1A stretching vibration peak of-OH appears; at 2939.94cm-1And 2957.01cm-1、2881.13cm-1A telescopic absorption peak of aliphatic symmetry C-H appears; at 1630.51cm-1And 1576.60cm-1The position is aromatized C ═ C stretching vibration peak; at 1399.10cm-1And 1430.78cm-1Is represented by CH2And CH3The bending deformation vibration peak of (1); at 1007.63cm-1、834.06cm-1And 873.26cm-1、796.61cm-1Is an aromatized C-H out-of-plane deformation vibration peak; at 696.18cm-1And 567.93cm-1Benzene ring substitution occurs; in addition, 1887.00cm-1Carbonyl carbon or a small amount of ketone or ester C ═ O stretching vibration peak is positioned; the straw biochar is 1261.22cm-1Stretching vibration peaks of aromatized C-O and phenolic hydroxyl groups are positioned; at 1037.58cm-1May be a Si-O oscillation peak; FTIR spectra of the two biochar samples indicate the existence of organic matters such as lignin, cellulose and the like in the biochar samples, and meanwhile, the fact that oxygen-containing functional groups on the biochar surfaces are few and the peak change is not obvious is found, which indicates that the biochar has high carbonization degree and strong stability.
TABLE 3 moisture change (%) -of aerobic fermentation composts for different treatments
As can be seen from table 3 and fig. 6, the change in moisture of the 4-pack stack generally appeared to fall rapidly and then fall smoothly, and finally to approach a steady state. The total moisture is reduced from about 65% initially to about 30% after composting is completed. In addition, pure cow dung compost was found to have a faster rate of moisture reduction than the other three compost groups. The speed of the reduction of the moisture of the compost with the highland barley and wheat straw biochar is slower because the biochar is used as a conditioner of aerobic compost, the reduction of the stacking density and the increase of the air permeability of the compost are facilitated, and the water holding capacity is improved, so that the compost quality is improved, the composting process is accelerated, the emission of methane gas can be reduced to a certain extent, the life activity of beneficial microorganisms is enhanced, and the compost maturity is accelerated.
TABLE 4 carbon-nitrogen ratio variation of aerobic fermentation composts treated differently
As can be seen from Table 4 and FIG. 7, the carbon-nitrogen ratios of the four stacks were initially high and gradually decreased as the composting period proceeded. When the composting is completed, the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the cow dung group is lowest, which indicates that the carbon and the nitrogen are lost more quickly than other groups in the composting process; the final carbon-nitrogen ratio of the two groups of composts added with the highland barley and wheat straw biochar is higher, wherein the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the highland barley straw biochar is highest, and the loss is least, which indicates that the added highland barley straw biochar has the best nitrogen fixing and carbon fixing effects on the compost, and the strong carbon fixing effect has great significance for reducing methane gas and carbon-containing gas emission.
TABLE 5 variation of methane gas emission (mg) for different treatments of aerobic fermentation composts
According to table 5 and fig. 8, the prepared biochar is applied to the cow dung pile, and monitoring of methane gas shows that the discharge amount of the methane gas of the cow dung group, the cow dung group and the straw group is high, the discharge amount of the methane gas of the cow dung group is the highest and reaches about 30000mg, then the discharge amount of the methane gas of the cow dung group and the straw group is reduced compared with that of the cow dung group, and the methane gas of the two piles added with the biochar is greatly reduced, wherein the composting effect of the highland barley straw biochar is remarkable, the discharge reduction degree is the largest, the discharge reduction effect is the best, and finally the discharge amount of the methane is 472.06mg, compared with the cow dung group, the discharge reduction effect is 63 times that of the cow dung group, 33 times that of the cow dung group and the straw group is 9 times that of the wheat straw biochar. The composting method is proved to have practicability in plateau areas, can greatly reduce the emission effect of methane gas, and has positive influence on weakening the potential greenhouse effect brought by the methane gas.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for reducing methane gas emission in a cow dung composting process is characterized in that cow dung and crop straws are taken as basic materials, biochar is added for aerobic fermentation, and the biochar is highland barley straw biochar and/or wheat straw biochar.
2. The method for reducing methane gas emission in the cow dung composting process according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the basic material to the biochar is 8-10: 1.
3. The method for reducing methane gas emission in the cow dung composting process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the aerobic fermentation temperature is 33-40 ℃ and the fermentation days are 33-42 days.
4. The method for reducing the emission of methane gas in the cow dung composting process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the basic material is 25-35, and the water content is more than or equal to 60%.
5. The method for reducing the emission of methane gas in the cow dung composting process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the biochar is as follows: drying and crushing highland barley and/or wheat straws, heating to 300-500 ℃ at a heating rate of 5-10 ℃/min in an anoxic environment, and carbonizing for 1-3 h.
6. The method for reducing methane gas emission in the composting process of cow dung as claimed in claim 5, wherein the drying standard is that the moisture content of the straw is less than or equal to 3%.
7. The method for reducing methane gas emission in a cow dung composting process as claimed in claim 5, wherein the crushed particle size is 60-100 mesh.
8. The method for reducing the emission of methane gas in the cow dung composting process according to claim 5, wherein the biochar is prepared by the following steps: heating to 400 ℃ at the temperature rising rate of 5 ℃/min in an anoxic environment, and carbonizing for 2 h.
9. The method for reducing the emission of methane gas in the cow dung composting process according to any one of claims 5 to 8, wherein the biochar is ground to 10-30 meshes after carbonization, washed to remove ash, and dried.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein the biochar is ground to 20 mesh after carbonization, and 1 mol-L is used for reducing methane gas emission in the cow dung composting process-1And (3) washing with HCl solution to remove ash, filtering, washing with deionized water to a pH value of 7.0-7.5, and drying.
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| CN113912439A (en) * | 2021-11-25 | 2022-01-11 | 山东庞大生物集团有限公司 | Preparation method of organic fertilizer based on livestock and poultry manure and straw |
| CN115010524A (en) * | 2022-05-25 | 2022-09-06 | 上海勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Modified biochar for reducing greenhouse gas emission in sludge composting process and preparation method and application method thereof |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113912439A (en) * | 2021-11-25 | 2022-01-11 | 山东庞大生物集团有限公司 | Preparation method of organic fertilizer based on livestock and poultry manure and straw |
| CN115010524A (en) * | 2022-05-25 | 2022-09-06 | 上海勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Modified biochar for reducing greenhouse gas emission in sludge composting process and preparation method and application method thereof |
| CN115010524B (en) * | 2022-05-25 | 2024-01-26 | 上海勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Modified biochar for reducing greenhouse gas emission in sludge composting process as well as preparation method and application method thereof |
| CN117303959A (en) * | 2023-09-22 | 2023-12-29 | 苏州市农业科学院 | Composting method for promoting agricultural organic waste decomposition and greenhouse gas emission reduction synergy |
| CN117303959B (en) * | 2023-09-22 | 2024-06-11 | 苏州市农业科学院 | A composting method for promoting the synergy between the decomposition of agricultural organic waste and the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions |
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