CN112736456A - Broadband reconfigurable microstrip antenna - Google Patents
Broadband reconfigurable microstrip antenna Download PDFInfo
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- CN112736456A CN112736456A CN202011525980.9A CN202011525980A CN112736456A CN 112736456 A CN112736456 A CN 112736456A CN 202011525980 A CN202011525980 A CN 202011525980A CN 112736456 A CN112736456 A CN 112736456A
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- 230000003071 parasitic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 13
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010297 mechanical methods and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q23/00—Antennas with active circuits or circuit elements integrated within them or attached to them
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
- H01Q5/20—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements characterised by the operating wavebands
- H01Q5/28—Arrangements for establishing polarisation or beam width over two or more different wavebands
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
- H01Q5/30—Arrangements for providing operation on different wavebands
- H01Q5/307—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way
- H01Q5/314—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way using frequency dependent circuits or components, e.g. trap circuits or capacitors
- H01Q5/321—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way using frequency dependent circuits or components, e.g. trap circuits or capacitors within a radiating element or between connected radiating elements
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
- H01Q5/50—Feeding or matching arrangements for broad-band or multi-band operation
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Abstract
The invention discloses a broadband reconfigurable microstrip antenna, which comprises a dielectric substrate, a reconfigurable antenna unit and a feed network, wherein the reconfigurable antenna unit comprises a main patch, a parasitic patch and a varactor, and the parasitic patch is arranged outside the main patch and connected through the varactor; the feed network comprises a feed port and a plurality of feed points which are mutually connected in parallel; the reconfigurable antenna units and the feed network are respectively arranged on two sides of the dielectric substrate, the feed points are connected with the corresponding reconfigurable antenna units, and the feed network is used for selectively feeding the reconfigurable antenna units. Selectively feeding the reconfigurable antenna units through a feeding network, and selecting the reconfigurable antenna units in different frequency band ranges to work; the reconfigurable antenna unit is arranged in the form of the main patch, the parasitic patch and the variable capacitance diode, the capacitance value of the variable capacitance diode is changed, and the working frequency is continuously adjusted. The working frequency of the microstrip antenna is widened, and the microstrip antenna also has the advantages of small volume and simple structure.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of microstrip antennas, and particularly relates to a broadband reconfigurable microstrip antenna.
Background
With the rapid development of wireless communication technology, spectrum resources tend to be tight, channel capacity is increasingly crowded, and serious interference is easily generated between channels, which puts higher and higher design requirements on communication systems and devices. The antenna is used as an important component of a wireless communication system, the performance of the antenna is directly related to the quality of the whole communication link, the expression form and the use function of the antenna are continuously diversified in the face of complex application background and actual requirements, the application range of the antenna relates to the aspects of handheld mobile terminals, satellites, radars, missile aircrafts, ships to aerospace and the like, and the antenna plays a positive role in the military and civil fields. In recent years, the rapid development of wireless communication systems has led to the increase of the number of communication subsystems on the same platform, and accordingly, the number of antennas has also increased, and the problems of large size, high cost, electromagnetic compatibility, etc. of antennas have also occurred synchronously. In this context, the concept of a reconfigurable antenna is presented.
Compared with the traditional antenna structure, the reconfigurable antenna still has the basic structure of the antenna, and the difference is that the reconfigurable antenna can load radio frequency electronic devices or change the structure of an antenna radiator by using a mechanical method and the like, so that the resonance characteristic and the radiation characteristic of the antenna are greatly expanded. The reconfigurable antenna has diversity in function, can meet the requirements of the wireless communication system on channels and speed, and can reduce the number and cost of the antenna to a great extent, so that the reconfigurable antenna has very important value in practical application. The reconfigurable antenna not only solves the difficult problem faced by multiple antennas, but also solves the restriction of the traditional antenna on the performance of the whole communication equipment. The reconfigurable antenna comprises a frequency reconfigurable antenna, a directional diagram reconfigurable antenna, a polarization reconfigurable antenna and a hybrid reconfigurable antenna, wherein the frequency reconfigurable antenna continuously or discretely adjusts the working frequency in a certain frequency range, so that one antenna has the performance of a plurality of antennas, the spanning of frequency bands can be realized, and the working efficiency is improved. Therefore, the frequency reconfigurable antenna is a leading issue in the field of antennas at present, and is also a development direction of future antennas.
In the field of wireless communication, there is an urgent need for a broadband, high-gain, miniaturized, multifunctional, low-cost antenna. Although the conventional horn antenna and parabolic antenna have the advantages of high gain and low sidelobe level, they have the disadvantages of large size, high cost, complex process, etc., and are not the best choice for a miniaturized and low-cost microwave communication system. The metal waveguide antenna has the advantages of low loss and high power capacity, but the metal waveguide antenna also has the defects of large volume, high cost, complex processing technology and the like, so that the metal waveguide antenna is difficult to be applied to a miniaturized communication system on a large scale.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a broadband reconfigurable microstrip antenna aiming at the defects of the prior art and solves the problem of narrow band of the prior microstrip antenna.
The invention provides a broadband reconfigurable microstrip antenna, which comprises a dielectric substrate, a reconfigurable antenna unit and a feed network, wherein the reconfigurable antenna unit comprises a main patch, a parasitic patch and a varactor, and the parasitic patch is arranged outside the main patch and connected through the varactor; the feed network comprises a feed port and a plurality of feed points which are mutually connected in parallel; the reconfigurable antenna unit and the feed network are respectively arranged on two sides of the dielectric substrate, the feed point is connected with the corresponding reconfigurable antenna unit, and the feed network is used for selectively feeding the reconfigurable antenna unit.
The reconfigurable antenna unit is arranged on the dielectric substrate; the main patch is a square patch, the center of the main patch is provided with a connecting hole, a copper column is arranged in the connecting hole, and four corners of the main patch are chamfered; the parasitic patch is a semi-elliptical patch, and the long axis of the parasitic patch is matched with the side length of the main patch; a pair of parasitic patches is arranged outside the opposite side of the main patch through a variable capacitance diode, and the long axis side of the parasitic patches is parallel to the side of the main patch.
The reconfigurable antenna comprises a dielectric substrate, a reconfigurable antenna unit and a main patch, wherein the dielectric substrate comprises a feed port, the reconfigurable antenna unit and the feed port are respectively arranged on two sides of the dielectric substrate, and the feed port is coaxially connected with a connecting hole in the center of the main patch through a copper column.
The dielectric substrate comprises a sub-dielectric layer and a metal stratum, the metal stratum is arranged below the sub-dielectric layer, and the reconfigurable antenna unit is printed on the sub-dielectric layer.
The medium substrate comprises a metal stratum and two sub-medium layers, and the metal stratum is arranged between the two sub-medium layers.
The reconfigurable antenna unit comprises a low-frequency band reconfigurable antenna unit and a high-frequency band reconfigurable antenna unit.
The area of a main patch of the low-frequency band reconfigurable antenna unit is larger than that of a main patch of the high-frequency band reconfigurable antenna unit, and the area of a parasitic patch of the low-frequency band reconfigurable antenna unit is larger than that of the parasitic patch of the high-frequency band reconfigurable antenna unit.
The feed network comprises a feed port and a pair of feed shafts, the outer ends of the feed shafts are feed points, PIN diodes are arranged on a feed line between the feed shafts and the feed ports, and the feed network is coaxially connected with copper columns on main patches of the reconfigurable antenna unit through the feed shafts to realize coaxial feed; and selective work of each reconfigurable antenna unit is realized by respectively controlling the switch states of the PIN diodes.
A power supply with continuously adjustable voltage is applied to two ends of the variable capacitance diode, and the capacitance value of the variable capacitance diode is changed by changing the output voltage; and two ends of the PIN diode are respectively externally connected with a direct current power supply, and the external direct current power supply provides direct current bias voltage for the PIN diode to control the switch of the PIN diode.
The sub-medium layer is a Rogers medium plate.
On one hand, the reconfigurable antenna unit and the feed network are respectively arranged on two sides of the dielectric substrate, the feed network is used for selectively feeding the reconfigurable antenna unit, and the reconfigurable antenna units in different frequency band ranges are selected to work; on the other hand, the reconfigurable antenna unit is set into the structural forms of the main patch, the parasitic patch and the variable capacitance diode, the working frequency of the antenna is reconfigured by changing the capacitance value of the variable capacitance diode, and the working frequency of the antenna can be continuously adjusted. Thereby widening the working frequency of the microstrip antenna, and the invention also has the advantages of small volume and simple structure.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a first preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is an enlarged schematic top view of the first preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is an enlarged bottom view of the first preferred embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a dielectric substrate according to a preferred embodiment.
Fig. 5 is a graph of reflection coefficient of a low-band reconfigurable antenna unit as a function of resonant frequency.
Fig. 6 is a graph of reflection coefficient of the high-band reconfigurable antenna unit according to the change of the resonant frequency.
Fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a second preferred embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a graph of the change of the second reflection coefficient with the resonant frequency according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Sequence numbers of the drawings:
1-dielectric substrate, 11-sub-dielectric layer, 12-metal stratum;
2, a low-frequency band reconfigurable antenna unit, A, a main patch, B, a parasitic patch, C, a variable capacitance diode and D, a copper column;
3-high band reconfigurable antenna element;
4-feed network, 41-feed port, 42-feed axis, 43-feed line, 44-PIN diode.
Detailed Description
First preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 1 to 3, the broadband reconfigurable microstrip antenna disclosed in this embodiment includes a dielectric substrate 1, a low-band reconfigurable antenna unit 2, a high-band reconfigurable antenna unit 3, and a feed network 4. The low-frequency band reconfigurable antenna unit and the high-frequency band reconfigurable antenna unit are printed on one side of the dielectric substrate, the feed network is printed on the other side of the dielectric substrate, and the feed network selectively supplies power to the low-frequency band reconfigurable antenna unit or the high-frequency band reconfigurable antenna unit to realize frequency band switching.
As shown in fig. 4, the dielectric substrate 1 includes two sub-dielectric layers 11 and a metal ground layer 12, and the metal ground layer is adhered between the two sub-dielectric layers 11. The sub-dielectric layer 11 is a Rogers dielectric plate, and the metal ground layer 12 is a metal sheet. And the low-frequency band reconfigurable antenna unit 2 and the high-frequency band reconfigurable antenna unit 3 are printed on the upper sub-dielectric layer 11, and the feed network 4 is printed on the lower sub-dielectric layer 11. The radiation influence of the feed network on the low-frequency band reconfigurable antenna unit 2 and the high-frequency band reconfigurable antenna unit 3 can be reduced through the arrangement of the metal layer, so that the low-frequency band reconfigurable antenna unit 2 and the high-frequency band reconfigurable antenna unit 3 radiate electromagnetic waves to the other side back to the metal sheet. The dielectric substrate is provided with a through hole at a position corresponding to a coaxial feed point of the feed network, and the through hole is used for connecting the feed network with the reconfigurable antenna unit.
The low-frequency band reconfigurable antenna unit 2 and the high-frequency band reconfigurable antenna unit 3 have the same structure and are composed of a main patch A, a parasitic patch B and a variable capacitance diode C. The main patch is a square patch, the center of the main patch is provided with a connecting hole, a copper column D is arranged in the connecting hole, and four corners of the main patch are chamfered; the parasitic patch is a semi-elliptical patch, and the long axis of the parasitic patch is matched with the side length of the main patch; a pair of parasitic patches is arranged outside the opposite side of the main patch through a variable capacitance diode, and the long axis side of the parasitic patches is parallel to the side of the main patch. And a power supply with continuously adjustable voltage is applied to two ends of the variable capacitance diode, the capacitance value of the variable capacitance diode is changed by changing the output voltage, and the working frequency of the reconfigurable antenna unit is continuously adjusted. The low-frequency band reconfigurable antenna unit 2 and the high-frequency band reconfigurable antenna unit 3 are different in size between the main patch and the parasitic patch, wherein the side length of the main patch of the low-frequency band reconfigurable antenna unit 2 is 7mm, and the minor axis length of the parasitic patch is 2.8mm, so that the change curve of the reflection coefficient along with the frequency is shown in fig. 5, the reflection coefficient is within the frequency range from 5.5GHz to 10GHz, and the reflection coefficient is lower than-10 dB. The side length of the main patch of the high-frequency band reconfigurable antenna unit 3 is 3.5mm, the short axis length of the parasitic patch is 1.4mm, the change curve of the reflection coefficient along with the frequency is shown in fig. 6, the reflection coefficient is in the frequency range of 9GHz to 16GHz, and the reflection coefficients are all lower than-10 dB. Therefore, the reconfigurable antenna unit can selectively work in the working frequency range of 5.5GHz to 16GHz by applying different voltages to the variable capacitance diodes and feeding the low-frequency band reconfigurable antenna unit 2 or the high-frequency band reconfigurable antenna unit 3 through the feeding network 4.
The feed network 4 comprises a feed port 41 and a pair of feed shafts 42, the pair of feed shafts are mutually connected in parallel, the inner ends of the feed shafts are connected with the feed port through a feed line, the outer ends of the feed shafts are feed points, a PIN diode 44 is arranged on a feed line 43 between the feed shafts and the feed port, the two feed shafts of the feed network are respectively coaxially connected with main patch upper copper columns of the low-frequency band reconfigurable antenna unit and the high-frequency band reconfigurable antenna unit, and the input ends of the feed lines and the feed shafts are vertically arranged to be used as feed ports to realize coaxial feed; the coaxial feed mode is adopted, so that the feed radiation loss is small, and when the coaxial feed mode is adopted, the impedance matching can be conveniently realized by changing the position of a coaxial feed point. And the two ends of the PIN diode are respectively externally connected with a direct current power supply, the direct current power supply is externally connected to provide direct current bias voltage for the PIN diode, and the switch of the PIN diode is controlled to realize the selective work of the low-frequency band reconfigurable antenna unit and the high-frequency band reconfigurable antenna unit. Therefore, the working frequency of the microstrip antenna is widened, the problem of narrow band of the microstrip antenna is solved, and the urgent requirements of a broadband, high-gain and multifunctional low-cost antenna in the field of wireless communication are met. The invention also has the advantages of small volume and simple structure.
Second preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 7, the present embodiment is different from the first preferred embodiment in that: the reconfigurable antenna comprises only one sub-dielectric layer and one metal floor, and is provided with only one reconfigurable antenna unit, wherein the specification of the reconfigurable antenna unit is different from that of the low-frequency band reconfigurable antenna unit 2 and that of the high-frequency band reconfigurable antenna unit 3. The reconfigurable antenna unit and the feed port are respectively arranged on two side surfaces of the dielectric substrate, the input end of the reconfigurable antenna unit is coaxial with the feed point, and a copper column connection is arranged at the corresponding position of the coaxial feed point of the dielectric substrate and the feed port to realize coaxial feed. The coaxial feeding mode has small feeding radiation loss, and when the coaxial feeding mode is adopted, impedance matching can be conveniently realized by changing the position of a coaxial feeding point. And a metal sheet is arranged on the side of the feed port and used as a metal floor, so that the reconfigurable antenna unit radiates electromagnetic waves to the other side opposite to the metal floor. In addition, in this embodiment, the side length of the main patch of the reconfigurable antenna unit is 6mm, and the short axis length of the parasitic patch is 2.4mm, so that the change curve of the reflection coefficient along with the frequency is as shown in fig. 8, and with the change of the capacitance value of the varactor, the frequency band is between 5.5GHz and 13.5GHz, and the reflection coefficients are all lower than-10 dB.
The reconfigurable antenna unit is arranged in the main patch, the parasitic patch and the variable capacitance diode, and the reconfigurable working frequency is continuously adjusted by changing the capacitance value of the variable capacitance diode, so that the bandwidth of the microstrip antenna is improved. In addition, the invention can also selectively supply power to the low-frequency band reconfigurable antenna unit or the high-frequency band reconfigurable antenna unit through the feed network to realize frequency band switching, thereby further improving the frequency width of the microstrip antenna. The invention also has the advantages of small volume of each part, simple structure, convenient manufacture and low cost. The problem of narrow band of the existing microstrip antenna can be solved, and the urgent needs of a broadband, high-gain and multifunctional low-cost antenna in the field of wireless communication can be met.
Claims (10)
1. A broadband reconfigurable microstrip antenna is characterized in that: it comprises a dielectric substrate, a reconfigurable antenna unit and a feed network,
the reconfigurable antenna unit comprises a main patch, a parasitic patch and a variable capacitance diode, wherein the parasitic patch is arranged outside the main patch and connected with the main patch through the variable capacitance diode;
the feed network comprises a feed port and a plurality of feed points which are mutually connected in parallel;
the reconfigurable antenna unit and the feed network are respectively arranged on two sides of the dielectric substrate, the feed point is connected with the corresponding reconfigurable antenna unit, and the feed network is used for selectively feeding the reconfigurable antenna unit.
2. The wideband reconfigurable microstrip antenna of claim 1 wherein: the reconfigurable antenna unit is arranged on the dielectric substrate; the main patch is a square patch, the center of the main patch is provided with a connecting hole, a copper column is arranged in the connecting hole, and four corners of the main patch are chamfered; the parasitic patch is a semi-elliptical patch, and the long axis of the parasitic patch is matched with the side length of the main patch; a pair of parasitic patches is arranged outside the opposite side of the main patch through a variable capacitance diode, and the long axis side of the parasitic patches is parallel to the side of the main patch.
3. The wideband reconfigurable microstrip antenna of claim 2 wherein: the reconfigurable antenna comprises a dielectric substrate, a reconfigurable antenna unit and a main patch, wherein the dielectric substrate comprises a feed port, the reconfigurable antenna unit and the feed port are respectively arranged on two sides of the dielectric substrate, and the feed port is coaxially connected with a connecting hole in the center of the main patch through a copper column.
4. The wideband reconfigurable microstrip antenna of claim 3 wherein: the dielectric substrate comprises a sub-dielectric layer and a metal stratum, the metal stratum is arranged below the sub-dielectric layer, and the reconfigurable antenna unit is printed on the sub-dielectric layer.
5. The wideband reconfigurable microstrip antenna of claim 2 wherein: the medium substrate comprises a metal stratum and two sub-medium layers, and the metal stratum is arranged between the two sub-medium layers.
6. The wideband reconfigurable microstrip antenna of claim 5 wherein: the reconfigurable antenna unit comprises a low-frequency band reconfigurable antenna unit and a high-frequency band reconfigurable antenna unit.
7. The wideband reconfigurable microstrip antenna of claim 6 wherein: the area of a main patch of the low-frequency band reconfigurable antenna unit is larger than that of a main patch of the high-frequency band reconfigurable antenna unit, and the area of a parasitic patch of the low-frequency band reconfigurable antenna unit is larger than that of the parasitic patch of the high-frequency band reconfigurable antenna unit.
8. The wideband reconfigurable microstrip antenna of claim 5 wherein: the feed network comprises a feed port and a pair of feed shafts, the outer ends of the feed shafts are feed points, PIN diodes are arranged on a feed line between the feed shafts and the feed ports, and the feed network is coaxially connected with copper columns on main patches of the reconfigurable antenna unit through the feed shafts to realize coaxial feed; and selective work of each reconfigurable antenna unit is realized by respectively controlling the switch states of the PIN diodes.
9. The wideband reconfigurable microstrip antenna of claim 8 wherein: a power supply with continuously adjustable voltage is applied to two ends of the variable capacitance diode, and the capacitance value of the variable capacitance diode is changed by changing the output voltage; and two ends of the PIN diode are respectively externally connected with a direct current power supply, and the external direct current power supply provides direct current bias voltage for the PIN diode to control the switch of the PIN diode.
10. The broadband reconfigurable microstrip antenna of claim 4 or 5 wherein: the sub-medium layer is a Rogers medium plate.
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| CN202011525980.9A CN112736456A (en) | 2020-12-22 | 2020-12-22 | Broadband reconfigurable microstrip antenna |
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| CN202011525980.9A CN112736456A (en) | 2020-12-22 | 2020-12-22 | Broadband reconfigurable microstrip antenna |
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| CN202011525980.9A Pending CN112736456A (en) | 2020-12-22 | 2020-12-22 | Broadband reconfigurable microstrip antenna |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113394564A (en) * | 2021-06-07 | 2021-09-14 | 中天宽带技术有限公司 | Magnetoelectric dipole reconfigurable antenna and wireless communication system |
| CN115441172A (en) * | 2022-08-31 | 2022-12-06 | 中南大学 | Integrated microwave device of high-gain antenna of double-frequency microwave filter |
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