CN112713668A - Three-phase double-salient-pole motor with unevenly distributed stator pole widths - Google Patents
Three-phase double-salient-pole motor with unevenly distributed stator pole widths Download PDFInfo
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- CN112713668A CN112713668A CN202011528719.4A CN202011528719A CN112713668A CN 112713668 A CN112713668 A CN 112713668A CN 202011528719 A CN202011528719 A CN 202011528719A CN 112713668 A CN112713668 A CN 112713668A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
- H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/14—Stator cores with salient poles
- H02K1/146—Stator cores with salient poles consisting of a generally annular yoke with salient poles
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
- H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/24—Rotor cores with salient poles ; Variable reluctance rotors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K2213/00—Specific aspects, not otherwise provided for and not covered by codes H02K2201/00 - H02K2211/00
- H02K2213/03—Machines characterised by numerical values, ranges, mathematical expressions or similar information
Abstract
The invention discloses a three-phase doubly salient motor with unevenly distributed stator pole widths, which comprises a stator core, a rotor core, an excitation element, an armature winding and a rotating shaft, wherein the rotor core is arranged in the stator core, the rotating shaft is arranged in the rotor core, the excitation element is arranged at a yoke part of the stator core, the armature winding is wound on a stator pole of the stator core, a rotor pole is arranged on the rotor core, the pole widths of the stator poles are unevenly distributed, the pole widths of the rotor poles are evenly distributed, and the maximum pole width of the stator pole is the maximum pole widthd maxEqual to the pole width of the rotor pole, minimum pole widthd minTwo thirds of the rotor pole width; the rotor core and the stator core are both salient pole structures, and the number of rotor poles is 4NThe rotor pole arc coefficient is 0.5, the number of stator poles is 6NThe number of the main components is one,Nis a positive integer. The invention realizes approximate sine of induced electromotive force of armature winding of the doubly salient motor, so that the doubly salient motor can adoptThe power is supplied by sine waves, so that the torque pulsation of the doubly salient motor is reduced, and the iron core loss of the motor is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a three-phase doubly salient motor with unevenly distributed stator pole widths, and belongs to the field of motor design.
Background
The doubly salient motor is divided into an electro-magnetic doubly salient motor, a permanent-magnet doubly salient motor and a hybrid-magnetic doubly salient motor, and the rotor has no winding, so that the structure is simple, the reliability is high, the power density is high, the rotor is widely concerned and researched by domestic and foreign scholars, the design and control technology is mature day by day, and the rotor has a better application prospect in the industries of wind power generation, aviation, automobiles and the like.
The doubly salient motor is one of reluctance motors, has the inherent defect of large torque ripple and becomes the biggest obstacle to the application of the doubly salient motor in the fields of high-performance driving and servo; the working mode of the electric excitation doubly salient motor with the traditional structure is similar to that of a brushless direct current motor, but the counter potential of the electric excitation doubly salient motor is not an ideal square wave, the motor adopts a square wave current control mode, and the phase change time of the current is prolonged due to large inductance because the current is changed in the peak value area of the winding inductance of the motor, so that the phase change torque pulsation of the motor is obvious.
In order to reduce the torque ripple of the doubly salient motor, the university of Sheffield, UK, is studied aiming at the variable reluctance motor, and an 6/7-pole doubly salient motor is provided, so that the back electromotive force of the motor basically tends to be sinusoidal, the output torque ripple of the motor can be greatly reduced, and the sinusoidal driving of the reluctance motor is realized; however, the excitation elements of the motor are distributed across a single stator pole, so that the number of the excitation elements is obviously increased, the excitation loss is increased, the number of the poles of the rotor of the motor is an odd number, and asymmetric vibration is easily generated in the operation process, so that the number of the poles of the rotor is usually doubled at least, but the requirement of high number of the poles on the switching frequency of a converter is higher; in order to reduce torque pulsation and increase the degree of sine of the motor, the rotor of the three-phase doubly salient motor can be designed into a chute structure or a segmented rotor structure, but the chute structure or the rotor segment will affect the mechanical strength of the rotor, and is particularly not suitable for high-rotation-speed occasions.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: the defects in the prior art are overcome, and the three-phase doubly salient motor with unevenly distributed stator pole width can reduce the torque pulsation of the doubly salient motor is provided.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
a three-phase doubly salient motor with unevenly distributed stator pole widths comprises a stator core, a rotor core, an excitation element, an armature winding and a rotating shaft, wherein the rotor core is arranged inside the stator core, and can rotate relative to the stator core; the rotating shaft is arranged in the rotor core and can rotate along with the rotor core; the excitation elements are symmetrically arranged on the yoke part of the stator core and provide excitation for an air gap magnetic field of the motor; the armature winding is wound on a stator pole of the stator core, and a rotor pole is arranged on the rotor core; after the armature winding is energized, the magnetic field of the armature winding interacts with the field magnetic field created by the field element, thereby rotating the rotor.
The pole widths of the rotor poles are uniformly distributed, the pole widths of the stator poles are non-uniformly distributed, and the maximum pole widths of the stator poles ared maxEqual to the pole width of the rotor pole and the minimum pole width of the stator poled min2/3 for the rotor pole width.
The rotor core is in a salient pole structure, and the number of the rotor poles is 4NThe number of the main components is one,Nthe rotor pole arc coefficient is 0.5.
The stator core is in a salient pole structure, and the number of the stator poles is 6NThe number of the main components is one,Nis a positive integer.
The number of the excitation elements is 2NN is a positive integer, the excitation elements are distributed across the three stator poles respectively, and the directions of magnetic fields generated by every two adjacent excitation elements are opposite.
The ratio of the pole width of the rotor pole to the pole width of the stator pole wound by the armature winding of a certain phase P isβ，βThe value interval is (1, 1+0.5 x 1x, 1+0.5*2/x,…, 1+0.5*(x-1)/x1+0.5 x 1), wherein,xis less than or equal to (2)N-1) P denotes a phase a, B or C.
Corresponding to the width of the stator pole wound by the same phase armature windingd maxAndd minthe pole widths of the three stator poles spanned by the two adjacent excitation elements are close to each other, and the sum of the pole widths of the stator poles wound by each phase of armature winding is equal.
The armature winding is a concentrated winding wound on each stator pole, and the armature winding under each excitation element is wound in the same direction of the polarity of the excitation winding of the turn chain.
As an optimized scheme of the invention, the stator iron core and the rotor iron core are both formed by stamping silicon steel sheets.
As an optimized design scheme of the invention, the excitation element is formed by permanent magnets and excitation windings together to form a hybrid excitation structure, and the direction of a magnetic field generated by each permanent magnet and the corresponding excitation winding is the same.
The rotor pole adopts a fan-shaped tooth structure or a T-shaped tooth eccentric structure, and the thickness of a rotor tooth web plate of the T-shaped tooth eccentric structurewThe width of the rotor tooth root is the same as that of the rotor tooth root of the fan-shaped tooth structure, and the end arc radiuses of two ends of the T-shaped toothrIs the width of rotor pole arc and the thickness of rotor tooth webwDifference, thickness of T-shaped flangehRadius of end arcrThe sum is half the thickness of the rotor tooth webs.
Compared with the prior art, the invention adopting the scheme has the following beneficial effects:
1. compared with the traditional double-salient-pole motor, the three-phase armature winding counter electromotive force of the motor is approximate to sine wave, the motor control does not adopt the square wave control of the traditional double-salient-pole motor any more, but adopts the mature vector control technology of the alternating current motor, the output torque pulsation of the motor can be effectively reduced, the mature control technology of the traditional alternating current motor can be transplanted to the control of the double-salient-pole motor, and the running performance of the motor is improved.
2. When the traditional double salient pole motor of square wave electromotive force is used as a generator, if power is supplied to an alternating current load or a power grid, the traditional double salient pole motor needs to be rectified and inverted, and has the defects of complex control system and high cost, so the traditional double salient pole motor is usually used for direct current power supply occasions.
3. Compared with the traditional double salient pole motor powered by square waves, the motor can be powered by sine waves, so that the harmonic component of the magnetic field in the motor is obviously reduced, and the loss of the iron core of the motor is reduced.
4. Compared with the prior rotor chute, rotor segmentation and other technologies, the invention adopts the technology of reasonably configuring unequal-width stator poles to realize the approximate sine of the back electromotive force of the armature winding, does not influence the mechanical strength of the motor, and is more suitable for high-rotating-speed occasions.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic axial cross-sectional view of a three-phase doubly salient motor with unevenly distributed stator pole widths according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a simulation waveform of no-load back electromotive force generated by a three-phase armature winding of a motor according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of a frequency spectrum analysis of an idle-load back emf simulation waveform of a motor according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a simulation diagram of induced potentials of armature coils A1, A2, A3 and A4 of each part of phase A of the motor and total induced potential of phase A winding according to the first embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is an axial cross-sectional schematic view of a three-phase electro-magnetic doubly salient motor with unevenly distributed stator pole widths according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of no-load counter electromotive force generated by superimposing counter electromotive forces of motor windings to approximate a sine wave in the second embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a structural view of a T-shaped eccentric rotor pole in the first and second embodiments of the present invention;
fig. 8 is an enlarged view of a portion a of fig. 7.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further explained and explained with reference to the drawings and the specific embodiments:
referring to fig. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8, in which: 1-stator core, 2-rotor core, 3-excitation element, 4-armature winding and 5-rotating shaft.
The first embodiment is as follows: as shown in fig. 1 to 4 and fig. 7 to 8, a three-phase doubly salient motor with unevenly distributed stator pole widths includes a stator core 1, a rotor core 2, an exciting element 3, an armature winding 4, and a rotating shaft 5, the rotor core 2 is disposed inside the stator core 1, and the rotor core 2 is rotatable with respect to the stator core 1; the rotating shaft 5 is arranged inside the rotor core 2, and the rotating shaft 5 can rotate along with the rotor core 2; the excitation element 3 is arranged at the yoke part of the stator core 1 and provides excitation for an air gap magnetic field of the motor; armature winding 4 twines on stator core 1's the stator pole, is provided with the rotor pole on rotor core 2, and after letting in current to it, armature winding 4's magnetic field and excitation magnetic field interact for the rotor rotates from this, and the utmost point width of rotor pole is evenly distributed, and the utmost point width of stator pole is unevenly distributed.
The rotor iron core 2 is in a salient pole structure, the number of rotor poles is 8, the arc coefficient of the rotor poles is 0.5, and the rotor poles are in a fan-shaped tooth structure or a T-shaped tooth eccentric structure.
The stator core 1 is provided with 12 stator poles of a salient pole structure; rotor pole width and certain phasepRatio of corresponding stator pole widthsβRespectively (1, 1+0.5/2, 1+0.5,1+ 0.5/2) along the circumferential direction,prefers to phase A, phase B or phase C.
The number of the excitation elements 3 is 4, the excitation elements 3 are distributed across three stator poles respectively, and the directions of the magnetic fields generated by every two adjacent excitation elements 3 are opposite.
Three stator poles between adjacent exciting elements 3 form a stator pole group, and 12 stator poles on the motor stator form 4 stator pole groups together, corresponding to the stator pole groupsβThe combinations of values are (1 +0.5,1, 1+ 0.5), (1 +0.5/2, 1+0.5/2, 1+ 0.5/2), (1, 1+0.5, 1), (1 +0.5/2, 1+0.5/2, 1+0.5/2, 1+ 0.5/2), respectively.
The stator iron core 1 and the rotor iron core 2 are both formed by stamping silicon steel sheets, and the excitation element 3 is a permanent magnet.
The armature winding 4 is a concentrated winding wound on each stator pole, the armature winding 4 under each excitation element 3 is wound in the same direction of the polarity of the excitation winding of the turn chain, 12 armature coils form A, B, C three-phase windings, each phase of winding is formed by connecting armature coils wound by stator poles with symmetrical positions in different stator pole groups in series, and the phase difference of each phase of armature winding 4 is 120 degrees in electrical angle.
Referring to fig. 3, the back emf waveform approximates a sine wave with a harmonic content of about 24%.
In FIG. 4, the back-emf of the A-phase windinge AEqual to 4 armature coil counter potentialse A1、e A2、e A3、e A4And (4) summing.
For the T-shaped eccentric rotor pole configuration of FIGS. 7 and 8, the rotor tooth web thickness iswThe width of the rotor tooth root is the same as that of the rotor tooth root of the fan-shaped tooth structure, the end arc radius r at two ends of the T-shaped tooth is the difference between the width of the rotor pole arc and the thickness w of the rotor tooth web plate, and the thickness of the T-shaped flange ishRadius of end arcrThe sum of which is half of the thickness of the rotor tooth webs, the minimum air gapδ 10.4mm, maximum air gapδ 2Is 1.0 mm.
Example two: as shown in fig. 5 to 8, a three-phase doubly salient motor with unevenly distributed stator pole widths includes a stator core 1, a rotor core 2, an exciting element 3, an armature winding 4, and a rotating shaft 5, the rotor core 2 is disposed inside the stator core 1, and the rotor core 2 is rotatable with respect to the stator core 1; the rotating shaft 5 is arranged inside the rotor core 2, and the rotating shaft 5 can rotate along with the rotor core 2; the excitation element 3 is arranged at the yoke part of the stator core 1 and provides excitation for an air gap magnetic field of the motor; armature winding 4 twines on stator core 1's the stator pole, is provided with the rotor pole on rotor core 2, and after letting in current to it, armature winding 4's magnetic field and excitation magnetic field interact for the rotor rotates from this, and the utmost point width of rotor pole is evenly distributed, and the utmost point width of stator pole is unevenly distributed.
The rotor iron core 2 is in a salient pole structure, the number of rotor poles is 8, the arc coefficient of the rotor poles is 0.5, and the rotor poles are in a fan-shaped tooth structure or a T-shaped tooth eccentric structure.
The stator core 1 is provided with 12 stator poles of a salient pole structure; rotor pole width and certain phasepRatio of corresponding stator pole widthsβIn the circumferential direction, (1, 1+0.5 × 1/3, 1+0.5,1+0.5 × 2/3),prefers to phase A, phase B or phase C.
The number of the excitation windings is 4, each excitation winding is wound across 3 stator poles, and the directions of magnetic fields generated by adjacent excitation windings are opposite.
Three stator poles spanned by each excitation winding form a stator pole group, and 12 stator poles on the motor stator form 4 stator pole groups together, and the corresponding stator polesβThe combinations of values are (1 +0.5,1, 1+0.5 × 2/3), (1, 1+0.5 × 2/3, 1+ 0.5/3), (1 +0.5 × 2/3, 1+0.5/3, 1+ 0.5), (1 +0.5/3, 1+0.5, 1), respectively.
The armature winding 4 is a concentrated winding wound on each stator pole, the winding direction of the armature winding 4 is the same as the magnetic linkage direction of the excitation winding of the coil linkage, 12 armature coils form A, B, C three-phase windings, each phase of winding is formed by connecting armature coils wound by stator poles with symmetrical positions in different stator pole groups in series, and the phase difference of each phase of armature winding 4 is 120 electrical degrees.
In the context of figure 6, it is shown,e A1、e A2、e A3、e A4induced electromotive forces of 4 armature coils corresponding to the a-phase winding respectively,e Afor the A-phase winding to induce an electromotive force equal toe A1、e A2、e A3、e A4Summing; it can be seen, thoughe A1、e A2、e A3、e A4All the square waves are square waves, but the superposition result is approximate to a sine wave due to different phases of the square waves.
For the T-shaped eccentric rotor pole of FIGS. 7 and 8, the rotor tooth web thickness iswThe width of the rotor tooth root is the same as that of the rotor tooth root of the fan-shaped tooth structure, and the end arc radiuses of two ends of the T-shaped toothrIs the width of rotor pole arc and the thickness of rotor tooth webwDifference, thickness of T-shaped flangehRadius of end arcrThe sum of which is half of the thickness of the rotor tooth webs, the minimum air gapδ 10.4mm, maximum air gapδ 2Is 1.0 mm.
The invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and those skilled in the art can make equivalent modifications or substitutions without departing from the spirit of the invention, and such equivalent modifications or substitutions are included in the scope defined by the claims of the present application.
Claims (8)
1. A three-phase doubly salient motor with unevenly distributed stator pole widths, comprising a stator core, a rotor core, an exciting element, an armature winding and a rotating shaft, wherein the rotor core is arranged inside the stator core, the rotating shaft is arranged inside the rotor core, the exciting element is arranged at a yoke part of the stator core, the armature winding is wound on a stator pole of the stator core, and a rotor pole is arranged on the rotor core, characterized in that: the pole widths of the stator poles are not uniformly distributed, the pole widths of the rotor poles are uniformly distributed, and the maximum pole width of the stator poles isd maxEqual to the pole width of the rotor pole, minimum pole widthd minTwo thirds of the rotor pole width.
2. The three-phase doubly salient motor with unevenly distributed stator pole widths of claim 1, wherein: the rotor core is in a salient pole structure, and the number of the rotor poles is 4NThe number of the main components is one,Nthe rotor pole arc coefficient is 0.5, the rotor pole adopts a fan-shaped tooth structure or a T-shaped tooth eccentric structure, and the thickness of a rotor tooth web plate of the T-shaped tooth eccentric structure is positive integerwThe width of the rotor tooth root is the same as that of the rotor tooth root of the fan-shaped tooth structure, and the end arc radiuses of two ends of the T-shaped toothrIs the width of rotor pole arc and the thickness of rotor tooth webwDifference, thickness of T-shaped flangehRadius of end arcrThe sum is half the thickness of the rotor tooth webs.
3. The three-phase doubly salient motor with unevenly distributed stator pole widths of claim 1, wherein: the stator core is in a salient pole structure, and the number of the stator poles is 6NThe number of the main components is one,Nis a positive integer.
4. According to the rightThe three-phase doubly salient motor with unevenly distributed stator pole widths, as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the number of the excitation elements is 2NThe number of the main components is one,Nthe excitation elements are distributed across the three stator poles respectively, the adjacent excitation elements form a stator pole group across the three stator poles, and the directions of magnetic fields generated by the two adjacent excitation elements are opposite.
5. The three-phase doubly salient motor with unevenly distributed stator pole widths of claim 1, wherein: the ratio of the pole width of the rotor pole to the pole width of the stator pole wound by the armature winding of a certain phase P isβ，βThe value interval is (1, 1+0.5 x 1x, 1+0.5*2/x,…, 1+0.5*(x-1)/x1+0.5 x 1), wherein,xis less than or equal to 2N-1P denotes a phase a, B or C.
6. The three-phase doubly salient motor with unevenly distributed stator pole widths of claim 5, wherein: the pole width of the stator pole wound corresponding to the armature winding of the same phase isd maxAndd minthe pole widths of the three stator poles spanned by the two adjacent excitation elements are close to each other, and the sum of the pole widths of the stator poles wound by each phase of armature winding is equal.
7. The three-phase doubly salient motor with unevenly distributed stator pole widths of claim 6, wherein: the armature winding is a concentrated winding wound on each stator pole, and the armature winding under each excitation element is wound in the same direction of the polarity of the excitation winding of the turn chain.
8. The three-phase doubly salient motor with unevenly distributed stator pole widths of claim 1, wherein: the stator iron core and the rotor iron core are both formed by stamping silicon steel sheets.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113991895A (en) * | 2021-10-14 | 2022-01-28 | 华中科技大学 | Split tooth integrated winding starting generator |
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