CN112709534A - Mining deviation-preventing drill bit and drilling method - Google Patents
Mining deviation-preventing drill bit and drilling method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN112709534A CN112709534A CN202110015958.8A CN202110015958A CN112709534A CN 112709534 A CN112709534 A CN 112709534A CN 202110015958 A CN202110015958 A CN 202110015958A CN 112709534 A CN112709534 A CN 112709534A
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- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 134
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B10/00—Drill bits
- E21B10/26—Drill bits with leading portion, i.e. drill bits with a pilot cutter; Drill bits for enlarging the borehole, e.g. reamers
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B10/00—Drill bits
- E21B10/46—Drill bits characterised by wear resisting parts, e.g. diamond inserts
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B10/00—Drill bits
- E21B10/60—Drill bits characterised by conduits or nozzles for drilling fluids
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B10/00—Drill bits
- E21B10/62—Drill bits characterised by parts, e.g. cutting elements, which are detachable or adjustable
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B33/00—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells
- E21B33/10—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells in the borehole
- E21B33/13—Methods or devices for cementing, for plugging holes, crevices or the like
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Earth Drilling (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a mining deviation-preventing drill bit and a drilling method, wherein the mining deviation-preventing drill bit comprises a drilling tool connector, a drill bit matrix, a diamond compact drilling tool and a guiding and positioning body; the drilling tool connecting body is cylindrical, and the axis of the drilling tool connecting body is provided with a conical threaded through hole for connecting with a drilling rod; the end part of the drilling tool connecting body is connected with a drill bit matrix, and a positioning guide body mounting hole for mounting a guide positioning body is formed in the axis of the drill bit matrix; the diamond compact drilling tools are provided with three diamond compact drilling tools and are arranged on the drill bit matrix in a surrounding manner; the height of the guiding and positioning body is higher than that of the diamond compact drilling tool. The invention effectively solves the deflection problem in the drilling construction of coal mine disaster treatment such as gas and water damage, and has the function of straight drilling protection.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of coal mine equipment, in particular to a mining deviation-prevention drill bit and a drilling method.
Background
The major disaster of coal mine is treated by drilling in advance. The disaster source is probed, controlled and managed by the drill hole, so that the disaster management can reach the standard, and the safety production requirement can be met. Therefore, the drilling engineering has great significance for the safety of the mine with serious disasters. The drilling engineering equipment and tools commonly used in mines at present are various in types and different in advantages and disadvantages, but the drilling deflection problem exists, particularly in medium-depth drilling construction, the drilling deflection causes that the drilling construction cannot meet the design requirements, and disaster control blind areas are generated. If no supplementary measures are taken, disaster accidents are likely to occur.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a mining deviation-prevention drill bit and a drilling method, which have a straight drilling function and can realize straight drilling of a drilling hole in a coal mine disaster control drilling project, so that the drilling hole meets the design requirement from the construction track.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a mining deviation-preventing drill bit comprises a drilling tool connector, a drill bit matrix, a diamond compact drilling tool and a guiding and positioning body; the drilling tool connecting body is cylindrical, and the axis of the drilling tool connecting body is provided with a conical threaded through hole for connecting with a drilling rod; the end part of the drilling tool connecting body is connected with a drill bit matrix, and a guide positioning body mounting hole for mounting a guide positioning body is formed in the axis of the drill bit matrix; the diamond compact drilling tools are provided with three diamond compact drilling tools and are arranged on the drill bit matrix in a surrounding manner; the height of the guiding and positioning body is higher than that of the diamond compact drilling tool.
Further, the guide positioning body comprises a guide rod and a guide head, and the guide head is arranged at the top of the guide rod; and the guide rod is provided with an external bolt which is used for being connected with the internal thread on the mounting hole of the guide positioning body.
Furthermore, a water injection hole is formed in the axis of the guiding and positioning body.
Furthermore, the diameter of the guiding and positioning body is phi 31 mm-phi 52mm, and the diameter of the diamond compact drilling tool is phi 92 mm.
The invention also provides a drilling method, which comprises the following steps:
and 4, drilling by coal detection until the coal penetrates 2m, and then, starting drilling by a final hole in advance, and if the coal is not found in the construction until the designed hole depth, extending for at least 10m to obtain the final hole.
And 5, drilling and inclination measurement are carried out after coal is found in the drilled hole, and the detection precision is ensured.
Furthermore, in the step 2, the distance between the construction holes of the drill holes is more than or equal to 0.3m, so that the holes are prevented from being crossed.
Further, in step 3, the torque force of the hydraulic drill is not less than 4000N · m.
Further, in step 4, before drilling for coal, water detection drilling needs to be performed, which comprises the following steps:
step 41, burying an orifice pipe at the orifice, and carrying out through-hole pressure test 2 hours later after the pipe is buried and solidified, wherein the pressure resistance value of clear water pressure test is not lower than 12MPa, and the pressure stabilizing time is not lower than 30 min;
step 42, installing an orifice high-pressure gate valve device before normal drilling after the pressure test is successful;
43, directly carrying out grouting hole sealing if no water exists in the hole after the final hole is drilled; and if water flows out of the hole, measuring the water quantity and the water pressure, determining the final pressure of grouting according to 2-3 times of the water pressure, then grouting, and sealing the hole by adopting single-liquid cement slurry with the water-cement weight ratio of 1:1, wherein the final pressure is 10 MPa.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. keeping straight drilling; during drilling construction, the guiding and positioning body firstly positions and guides the drill bit main body to be constructed according to design parameters, and after the guiding and positioning body is constructed, the resisting torque resisting the deflection of the drill bit main body is provided during drill bit construction, so that the deviation prevention and straight drilling protection are realized.
2. Eliminating the blind area for disaster source treatment; the drilling straight-keeping drilling meets the design requirements, the disaster source is probed, controlled and treated according to the design, the blind area is eliminated, and the treatment effect of the disaster source is ensured.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a front view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a top view of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of an assembly structure of the present invention;
in the figure: 1-a guiding and positioning body, 2-a diamond compact drilling tool, 3-a drill bit matrix, 4-a drilling tool connector, 5-a guiding and positioning body mounting hole, 6-a guide rod, 7-a guide head, 8-a water injection hole, 9-external threads and 10-internal threads.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the invention relates to a mining deviation-prevention drill bit, which comprises a drill tool connector 4, a drill bit matrix 3, a diamond compact drill tool 2 and a guiding and positioning body 1, wherein the drill tool connector 4 is cylindrical, and the axis of the drill tool connector is provided with a conical threaded through hole for connecting with a drill rod. The end of the drilling tool connecting body 4 is connected with the drill bit matrix 3, and a guide positioning body mounting hole 5 for mounting the guide positioning body 1 is arranged at the axis of the drill bit matrix 3. The guide positioning body 1 comprises a guide rod 6 and a guide head 7, and the guide head 7 is arranged at the top of the guide rod 6; as shown in FIG. 3, the guide rod 6 is provided with an external bolt 9 for connecting with an internal thread 10 on the guide positioning body mounting hole 5. Three diamond compact drilling tools 2 are arranged and arranged on the drill bit matrix 3 in a surrounding manner; the height of the guiding and positioning body 1 is higher than that of the diamond compact drilling tool 2. The axis of the guiding and positioning body 1 is provided with a water injection hole 8, and the water injection hole 8 is communicated with the drilling tool connecting body 4. When drilling, the drill rod is connected with the high-pressure water pipe, high-pressure water is injected, and the high-pressure water is ejected from the water injection hole 8, so that the guiding and positioning body plays a role in drilling and deslagging under the condition of keeping straight.
To confirm the straightness of the present invention during drilling, a deviation indicator needs to be determined. The diameter ratio (hereinafter referred to as the variable diameter ratio) of the guide positioning body to the diamond compact drilling tool is represented by the formula
Rho is the diameter of the guiding and positioning body/diameter of the diamond compact drilling tool
Based on the reference surface, a calculation formula for designing the drilling falling point height difference/actual construction drilling falling point height difference as the deviation rate of the drilling track (hereinafter referred to as the deviation rate) is as
α ═ drill hole depth ═ sin (inclination angle of deflection) ]/drill hole depth ═ 100% ([ sin (inclination angle of design) -sin (inclination angle of deflection) ] + 100%)
The deviation requirement of the drilling engineering construction angle is generally not more than 2 degrees, so the deviation rate alpha is not more than 3.5 percent.
Based on a diamond compact drilling tool with the diameter of phi 92mm, the guide positioning bodies respectively have diameter-changing ranges of phi 52mm, phi 49mm, phi 46mm, phi 43mm, phi 40mm, phi 37mm, phi 34mm and phi 31mm, tests are carried out by combining the deflection conditions of site drilling construction, the deviation rate alpha is used for quantitatively analyzing the diameter-changing ratio rho, and the optimal diameter-changing ratio range is researched.
1. A common drill with a diameter of phi 92mm (variable diameter ratio rho 1.000)
Table 1 borehole deviation data summary
When a diamond compact drilling tool with the diameter of phi 92mm is used for construction, the deviation rate alpha of the drilled hole is 15.19-25.16%, and the average deviation rate alpha is 21.58%.
2. Using a deviation preventing drill bit with a diameter ratio of 92mm to 52mm (the ratio of the deviation ratio rho is 1.7692)
Table 2 borehole deviation data summary
When a diamond compact drilling tool with the diameter of phi 92mm is used and a deviation-preventing drill bit with the diameter of phi 52mm is used for construction, the deviation rate alpha of the drill hole is 10.4% -15.12%, and the average is 12.56%.
3. Using a deviation preventing drill bit with a diameter ratio of 92mm to 49mm (ratio of deviation rho 1.8776)
Table 3 borehole deviation data summary
When a diamond compact drilling tool with the diameter of phi 92mm is used and a deviation-preventing drill bit with the diameter of phi 49mm is used for construction, the deviation rate alpha of the drill hole is 5.13% -8.70%, and the average is 6.44%.
4. Using a deviation-preventing drill with a diameter ratio of 92mm to 46mm (the ratio of the deviation ratio rho is 2.000)
Table 4 borehole deviation data summary
When a diamond compact drilling tool with the diameter of phi 92mm is used and a deviation-preventing drill bit with the diameter of phi 46mm is used for construction, the deviation rate alpha of the drilled hole is 1.66-5.02 percent, and the average is 3.53 percent.
5. Using a deviation preventing drill with a diameter ratio of 92mm to 43mm (ratio of deviation rho 2.1395)
Table 5 borehole deviation data summary
When a diamond compact drilling tool with the diameter of phi 92mm is used and a deviation-preventing drill bit with the diameter of phi 43mm is used for construction, the deviation rate alpha of the drilled hole is 2.40% -5.02%, and the average is 3.39%.
6. Using a deviation preventing drill bit with a diameter ratio of 92mm to 40mm (ratio of deviation rho 2.3000)
Table 6 borehole deviation data summary
When a diamond compact drilling tool with the diameter of phi 92mm is used and a deviation-preventing drill bit with the diameter of phi 40mm is used for construction, the deviation rate alpha of the drilled hole is 1.66-4.35 percent, and the average is 3.03 percent.
7. Using a deviation preventing drill bit with a diameter ratio of 92mm to 37mm (the ratio of the deviation is rho 2.4865)
Table 7 borehole deviation data summary
When a diamond compact drilling tool with the diameter of phi 92mm is used and a deviation-preventing drill bit with the diameter of phi 37mm is used for construction, the deviation rate alpha of the drilled hole is 1.50% -8.7%, and the average is 3.89%. After the T7-5 hole is drilled, the normal guide positioning body is damaged, so that the drill hole deflection is larger, and after the T7-5 data are removed, the drill hole deflection rate alpha is 1.50% -3.41%, and the average rate is 2.69%.
8. Using a deviation preventing drill bit with a diameter ratio of 92mm to 34mm (the ratio of the deviation ratio rho is 2.7059)
Table 8 borehole deviation data summary
When a diamond compact drilling tool with the diameter of phi 92mm is used and a deviation-preventing drill bit with the diameter of phi 34mm is used for construction, the deviation rate alpha of the drilled hole is 3.45% -9.95%, and the average is 6.70%. After the T8-2 hole is drilled, the normal guide positioning body is damaged, so that the deviation of the drilled hole is larger, and after the T8-2 data are removed, the deviation rate alpha of the drilled hole is 3.45%, and the average deviation rate is 3.45%. But at the moment, the torque can not meet the drilling torque because the diameter of the guide positioning body is smaller.
The invention adopts the following steps to carry out drilling construction.
In the embodiment, in the coal exploration drilling construction, a drill bit with the diameter of 133mm is used for drilling, a blowout preventer is installed, and a deviation preventing drill bit with the diameter of 92mm and the diameter of 34mm is matched with a pilot device with the diameter of 89mm for bare hole drilling. After the hole is opened, a sleeve with the diameter of 108mm is put in, and the diameter of the final hole of the drilled hole is 92 mm.
And 2, before drilling, calibrating a drilling azimuth line and a drilling hole position on site by a measurer, wherein the drilling needs to be carried out strictly according to the calibrated azimuth, and the drilling hole position can be properly adjusted according to the actual situation on site. The distance between the construction holes of each drill hole is more than or equal to 0.3m, so that the holes are prevented from being mixed; the allowable error of the azimuth angle of the drilling construction is +/-1 degree, and the allowable error of the inclination angle is +/-0.5 degree.
The construction is carried out by adopting a mining hydraulic drilling machine with the torque force not less than 4000 N.m. The drilling holes are drilled by punching with pressure water in principle, if a coal sample is taken, the drilling hole is changed into a coal section, the coal section is punched by pressing air, and the dust is reduced by spraying in a rear lane.
And 4, drilling by coal detection until the coal penetrates 2m, and then, starting drilling by a final hole in advance, and if the coal is not found in the construction until the designed hole depth, extending for at least 10m to obtain the final hole.
And 5, drilling and inclination measurement are carried out after coal is found in the drilled hole, and the detection precision is ensured.
In step 4, before coal exploration drilling, water exploration drilling needs to be carried out, and the method comprises the following steps:
step 41, burying an orifice pipe at the orifice, and carrying out through-hole pressure test 2 hours later after the pipe is buried and solidified, wherein the pressure resistance value of clear water pressure test is not lower than 12MPa, and the pressure stabilizing time is not lower than 30 min;
step 42, installing an orifice high-pressure gate valve device before normal drilling after the pressure test is successful;
43, directly carrying out grouting hole sealing if no water exists in the hole after the final hole is drilled; and if water flows out of the hole, measuring the water quantity and the water pressure, determining the final pressure of grouting according to 2-3 times of the water pressure, then grouting, and sealing the hole by adopting single-liquid cement slurry with the water-cement weight ratio of 1:1, wherein the final pressure is 10 MPa.
After water is discharged from the water detecting drill hole, the water temperature, the water pressure and the water quantity of the drill hole are measured, and sampling and testing are carried out.
Claims (8)
1. A mining deviation-preventing drill bit comprises a drilling tool connector, a drill bit matrix, a diamond compact drilling tool and a guiding and positioning body; the method is characterized in that: the drilling tool connecting body is cylindrical, and the axis of the drilling tool connecting body is provided with a conical threaded through hole for connecting with a drilling rod; the end part of the drilling tool connecting body is connected with a drill bit matrix, and a positioning guide body mounting hole for mounting a guide positioning body is formed in the axis of the drill bit matrix; the diamond compact drilling tools are provided with three diamond compact drilling tools and are arranged on the drill bit matrix in a surrounding manner; the height of the guiding and positioning body is higher than that of the diamond compact drilling tool.
2. The mining deviation-preventing drill bit according to claim 1, characterized in that: the guide positioning body comprises a guide rod and a guide head, and the guide head is arranged at the top of the guide rod; and the guide rod is provided with an external bolt which is used for being connected with the internal thread on the mounting hole of the positioning guide body.
3. The mining deviation-preventing drill bit according to claim 1, characterized in that: and a water injection hole is formed in the axis of the guide positioning body.
4. The mining deviation-preventing drill bit according to claim 1, characterized in that: the diameter of the guide positioning body is phi 31 mm-phi 52mm, and the diameter of the diamond compact drilling tool is phi 92 mm.
5. A method of drilling, comprising the steps of:
step 1, performing gas geological advanced detection at a straight wall semicircular arch section of a tunnel, and selecting a proper diamond compact drilling tool and a guide positioning body after judging the coal bed change and the geological structure condition in front of the tunnel according to three-dimensional seismic exploration data, an early-stage gas geological advanced detection result and actual tunnel exposed geological data;
step 2, before drilling, calibrating a drilling azimuth line and a drilling hole position by field measurement personnel;
step 3, mounting the drill bit on a hydraulic drilling machine, mounting a pilot on the drill bit, and aligning the drill bit to the hole position for drilling;
step 4, drilling a hole by coal detection until the hole penetrates coal by 2m, and then, starting drilling a final hole in advance, and if no coal is found in the hole when the hole is drilled to the designed depth, extending the hole by at least 10m to obtain a final hole;
and 5, drilling and inclination measurement are carried out after coal is found in the drilled hole, and the detection precision is ensured.
6. A method of drilling a hole according to claim 5, wherein: in the step 2, the distance between the construction holes of the drill holes is more than or equal to 0.3m, so that the holes are prevented from being crossed.
7. A method of drilling a hole according to claim 5, wherein: in step 3, the torque force of the hydraulic drill is not less than 4000 n.m.
8. A method of drilling a hole according to claim 5, wherein: in step 4, before coal exploration drilling, water exploration drilling needs to be carried out, and the method comprises the following steps:
step 41, burying an orifice pipe at the orifice, and carrying out through-hole pressure test 2 hours later after the pipe is buried and solidified, wherein the pressure resistance value of clear water pressure test is not lower than 12MPa, and the pressure stabilizing time is not lower than 30 min;
step 42, installing an orifice high-pressure gate valve device before normal drilling after the pressure test is successful;
43, directly carrying out grouting hole sealing if no water exists in the hole after the final hole is drilled; and if water flows out of the hole, measuring the water quantity and the water pressure, determining the final pressure of grouting according to 2-3 times of the water pressure, then grouting, and sealing the hole by adopting single-liquid cement slurry with the water-cement weight ratio of 1:1, wherein the final pressure is 10 MPa.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202110015958.8A CN112709534B (en) | 2021-01-06 | 2021-01-06 | Mining anti-deviation drill bit and drilling method |
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| CN202110015958.8A CN112709534B (en) | 2021-01-06 | 2021-01-06 | Mining anti-deviation drill bit and drilling method |
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Cited By (2)
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| CN111188585A (en) * | 2020-01-10 | 2020-05-22 | 大庆石油管理局有限公司 | Tool and method for removing horizontal well debris bed |
| CN114352207A (en) * | 2021-11-30 | 2022-04-15 | 中国矿业大学 | Hydraulic transmission type variable-diameter PDC drill bit |
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Cited By (3)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111188585A (en) * | 2020-01-10 | 2020-05-22 | 大庆石油管理局有限公司 | Tool and method for removing horizontal well debris bed |
| CN114352207A (en) * | 2021-11-30 | 2022-04-15 | 中国矿业大学 | Hydraulic transmission type variable-diameter PDC drill bit |
| CN114352207B (en) * | 2021-11-30 | 2024-03-22 | 中国矿业大学 | A hydraulically driven variable diameter PDC drill bit |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN112709534B (en) | 2024-08-27 |
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