CN112695799A - High-altitude area grouted rubble retaining wall structure and construction method - Google Patents
High-altitude area grouted rubble retaining wall structure and construction method Download PDFInfo
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- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 102
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims description 115
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 104
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 210000001015 abdomen Anatomy 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009966 trimming Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004746 geotextile Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003187 abdominal effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011083 cement mortar Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000009191 jumping Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010985 leather Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010257 thawing Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000002528 anti-freeze Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000011440 grout Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 description 3
- 208000001130 gallstones Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010426 asphalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 201000001883 cholelithiasis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000010454 slate Substances 0.000 description 1
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- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D29/00—Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
- E02D29/02—Retaining or protecting walls
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D3/00—Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil
- E02D3/02—Improving by compacting
- E02D3/10—Improving by compacting by watering, draining, de-aerating or blasting, e.g. by installing sand or wick drains
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
- E03F—SEWERS; CESSPOOLS
- E03F3/00—Sewer pipe-line systems
- E03F3/04—Pipes or fittings specially adapted to sewers
- E03F3/046—Open sewage channels
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Abstract
The invention discloses a mortar rubble retaining wall structure in a plateau area and a construction method, and relates to the technical field of construction of constructional engineering. The invention adopts the drain holes and the water seepage ditch arranged behind the wall for draining water, prevents water from freezing and solves the problem of inclined retaining wall caused by freeze thawing because water cannot be drained, simultaneously improves the strength of mortar and adds antifreeze and other related construction technical measures in the mixing proportion of the mortar, reduces the cracking or collapse phenomenon of masonry, increases the frost resistance of the mortar and keeps the structure stable.
Description
Technical Field
The invention discloses a mortar rubble retaining wall structure in a plateau area and a construction method, and relates to the technical field of construction of constructional engineering.
Background
At present, with the rapid development of building engineering construction in China, the construction technology is continuously mature, the requirements of construction standards are higher and higher, the construction cost is continuously increased, the ecology in high-altitude areas is fragile, the geology is complex, the terrain change is large, and the grouted rubble retaining wall plays an important role in preventing and treating side slope instability caused by special conditions such as roadbed landslide, unfavorable geology and soil property and is widely applied in plateau areas due to the simple construction process, convenient material obtaining, low manufacturing cost and relatively high strength; the duration in winter in plateau areas is long, the phenomena of overlarge retaining wall settlement and masonry fracture or collapse are generated in the construction of the grouted rubble retaining wall, and the construction quality problems that in winter, due to low temperature, a water drainage hole is blocked, water seepage can not be discharged from the wall, the retaining wall generated after freeze thawing inclines and the like are solved.
The invention patent with the application number of CN201810876573.9 discloses a reinforced earth retaining wall in permafrost regions of plateaus and a construction method thereof, wherein a wall body structure is a multi-layer filling structure formed by filling from bottom to top layer by layer, and the bottom surface of each layer of filling structure is provided with a geogrid consisting of tie bars; the transverse two sides of the multilayer filling structure are inclined planes, concrete modules are piled up from bottom to top to cover the surfaces of the inclined planes, and tie bars in the filling structure extend into gaps between the upper concrete module and the lower concrete module and are fixed through bolts; the base of the retaining wall is provided with the stone layer, so that the cold storage capacity of the retaining wall base is increased, the ground temperature is actively reduced, the permafrost is protected, and the foundation settlement is controlled within the limit of the integral deformation coordination capability of the reinforced retaining wall; the base lamellar layer belongs to a flexible structure and can attenuate the frost heaving force of the foundation, so that the frost heaving of the foundation is controlled within the limit of the integral deformation coordination capability of the reinforced earth retaining wall; the wall surface module and the reinforced body are connected by the structural tie bars, so that the phenomenon of instability of the retaining wall caused by fracture of the added tie bars can be effectively avoided; however, the construction process of the invention is complex, the efficiency is not high, and the problems of water seepage and freezing at the position of the drain hole in winter in the plateau and inclination of the retaining wall generated after freeze thawing cannot be prevented.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention discloses a grout rubble retaining wall structure in a plateau area and a construction method thereof.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the invention discloses a grouted rubble retaining wall structure in a plateau area, which comprises an inclined ground and a grouted rubble retaining wall built on the ground.
Furthermore, the outer surface layer of the backfill gravel reverse filter layer supports the grouted rubble retaining wall, and a first water drainage hole is formed in the grouted rubble retaining wall and used for draining water when the water seepage amount is large; and a second drainage hole is formed in the lower end of the inside of the mortar rubble retaining wall, which is lower than the ground, the drainage embedded behind the wall body is connected with a gravel seepage ditch on the inner surface layer of the backfill gravel reverse filtering layer, and the gravel is filled in the second drainage hole and discharged to a side ditch through the clay waterproof layer. When the water draining device is used in cold weather, the first water draining hole can still drain water after being frozen, and can also be used as a water draining channel when the water seepage amount is large in summer.
Further, the invention discloses a construction method of a grouted rubble retaining wall structure in a plateau area, which comprises the following steps:
the construction steps of the retaining wall foundation are as follows: (1) excavation of a foundation pit: the method comprises the steps of adopting a manual cooperation mechanical groove jumping excavation foundation pit mode, hanging sideline ropes, controlling the plane size, controlling the elevation by using a level gauge, excavating by using an excavator until the height is 15-30cm higher than a base, then manually excavating and trimming to 5cm below the designed elevation of the base, and trimming the side wall of the foundation pit at the same time to ensure that the wall back slope, the wall toe slope and the base slope meet the design requirements; (2) hardening the foundation pit: performing mortar hardening treatment on the excavated foundation, and constructing the foundation at a gradient of 1:5, wherein the hardening thickness is 5 cm; (3) building a foundation: building a foundation by using building blocks and stones, wherein the two sides of the building blocks and stones are pulled, mortar is firstly paved, then the stones are laid, and finally the mortar is filled with the joints and small stones are filled in the large joints; (4) foundation backfilling: when the foundation strength reaches 70%, performing foundation backfill work;
building a wall body and setting a water drainage hole: the stone-laying sequence is that firstly, the cornerstone is laid, then the surface stone is laid, and finally the abdominal stone is laid; after the cornerstone is built, the line is moved and hung on the cornerstone, then the facing stony is built to be positioned, a gap of the stone for filling the abdomen is reserved for conveying the facing stony, the gap is sealed and built after the facing stony is built, the abdomen stones are built by adopting a method of reversing the building towards the direction of conveying the stone, the far side, the rear near side, the abdomen stones and the facing stony are built orderly according to the specified layers and mortar joints, and the mortar is full; building a first drainage hole when the wall body is built to be higher than the ground or 0.3m above the normal water level, wherein the first drainage hole is made of a phi 100PVC pipe, the water flowing cross slope is 4%, the distance between the upper row and the lower row is 2m, each row is 2-3m, the first drainage holes in the upper row and the lower row are arranged in a staggered manner, the internal drainage pipe penetrates into the wall back to backfill a gravel reverse filter layer by 10cm, small holes are formed in the pipe wall of the end head, and then; the lower drainage pipe at the back of the wall is connected with a drainage pipe arranged in the lower drainage pipe, and the drainage pipe at the lower part is filled with crushed stones to play a role in back filtration or water freezing prevention;
the wall back blind ditch construction step: after the height position of a wall body drainage hole is determined, blind ditches are arranged at 10cm positions above and below each row of transverse drainage holes, 30-30 cm openings are dug to form U-shaped blind ditches towards a line side, the transverse gradient of each blind ditch is 3%, broken stones are used for filling the blind ditches, one plastic drainage pipe is arranged at the interval of 2m in the vertical position, and a water converging slope of 3% is arranged in the middle of each two drainage pipes;
and (3) maintenance: before the mortar is finally set, the masonry is covered, and after the mortar is initially set, the mortar is immediately cured, wherein the curing period is longer than 7 days, the temperature of the masonry is ensured to be more than 5 ℃, and after the masonry mortar reaches 75% of the design strength, wall back filler is backfilled;
filling a waterproof layer: arranging a clay water-resisting layer at the bottom of the first drainage hole at the lowest row, laying a woven impermeable geotextile isolating layer at the upper part of the clay water-resisting layer, wherein the height of the clay water-resisting layer is 50cm from the first drainage hole downwards, the width of the clay water-resisting layer is 30cm, a flowing water cross slope with the gradient of 4% is arranged, the material is firstly backfilled by clay in a layered mode, and each layer must be compacted tightly to meet the requirement of the design compactness;
and (3) filling an inverted filter layer: the inverted filter layer filling adopts layered rolling and backfilling to the wall top to plan the terrace elevation, and is provided with more than 3% of transverse slopes to fill layer by layer, the building height of the retaining wall cannot exceed 2m once, and when the mortar strength reaches 75% of the design strength, the wall back is backfilled; when the filler is close to the optimal water content, backfilling, and tamping the filler layer by layer, wherein the compactness is more than or equal to 96% of the design strength;
cleaning and pointing: the grade of the jointing mortar is higher than that of the masonry mortar by one grade, the jointing is embedded in the building joint by 2cm, the jointing adopts a concave joint, the joint width is 2cm, the joint depth is 2cm, the jointing is completely flushed by water before jointing, the groove jointing is leveled by using the same-grade cement mortar after jointing, the bandwidth of the leveling groove jointing is 1 cm and the thickness of the leveling groove jointing is 0.5 cm, and the uniformity is ensured;
and (3) wall top plastering: the strength of the plastering mortar is greater than M15, the plastering thickness is 20-30mm, and the flowing water transverse gradient of the top of the plastering is 2%; setting a settlement joint of a plastering section on the same wall, plastering after the settlement joint of the top surface is finished, and hooking a water flow strip on the top surface of the settlement joint by using C30 cement paste after finishing plastering; the width of the plastering surface exceeds the outer side line of the top surface of the wall body by 2cm, and is connected with the wall body into a whole along the downward extension of the wall body, and the cap thickness is 6 cm.
Furthermore, in the construction step of the retaining wall foundation, when each layer of stone blocks are built on the building foundation, a method of split-skin horizontal building, up-down staggered joint and inside-outside lapping is adopted, the mortar joint thickness of the stone block foundation is 20-30mm, mortar is full, and the phenomenon that large and small stone blocks are not in direct contact or have no mortar is avoided; each intradermal of the stone foundation should be provided with a stone of drawing stone every 2m long, when the width of the foundation is below 400mm, the length of the stone of drawing stone is the same with the width of the foundation, when the width of the foundation is greater than 400mm, two pieces of stone of drawing stone are built in an internal and external lap joint mode, the lap joint length is not less than 150mm, and one piece of the length is not less than 2/3 of the width of the leather foundation.
Furthermore, in the step of constructing the retaining wall foundation, the corners and the joints of the block stone foundation are built simultaneously when the foundation is built, every 2-3 sheets are a working layer, horizontal seams in the working layer are approximately leveled, vertical seams are staggered by not less than 80cm, and inclined through seams are not more than two sheets of building blocks.
Furthermore, in the construction steps of building the wall body and arranging the drainage holes, the building stones are constructed by a mortar sitting method, the stones are arranged at intervals, the layers are staggered, the joint filling mortar is full and compact without holes, and the mortar marks of the wall surface and the wall are kept consistent; the method adopts layered masonry, the height of each layer is 70-120cm, the joints between the layers are leveled, the stones are leveled every 3-4 layers, each layer of stones in the layers are paved block by block or section by section according to the height of the stones, and the fluidity of the mortar is within 5-7 cm.
Furthermore, in the construction steps of building the wall body and setting the water drain hole, outer ring positioning building blocks are built in each building layer firstly and are connected with inner layer building blocks in a staggered mode into a whole, building stones with flat surfaces and large sizes are selected for the positioning building blocks, positioning building seams are fully paved with mortar, after the positioning building blocks are built, a layer of mortar is paved at the bottom in the ring, the building stones can be connected closely when being extruded and built, and the building seams are dense and full.
Furthermore, in the construction steps of building the wall body and arranging the drainage holes, the natural shapes of the rubbles are utilized to be mutually staggered and connected during building; paving mortar on each stone slab, placing the stone slabs, rubbing the stone slabs left and right, tapping with a hammer to extrude the mortar below the stone slabs to be compact, paving mortar on the side surfaces of the adjacent stone slabs when the side surfaces of the laid stone slabs are continuously built, then building the stone slabs, extruding the stone slabs downwards and the side surfaces of the mortar, tapping with the hammer to extrude the mortar below and on the side surfaces to be compact; the joints of stones in each layer in the layers are arranged in a staggered mode, stone thin joints with the depth of 2cm are reserved in the building engineering, the joints of the building blocks are staggered by 8cm, the joints are full, mortar is filled, and no through joint is generated.
Furthermore, in the construction steps of building the wall body and arranging the drain holes, setting a settlement joint every 10-15m, wherein the width of the settlement joint is 2cm, the settlement joint is vertically arranged, and the surfaces of masonry on two sides of the settlement joint are flat and have no lap joint.
The invention has the following technical effects:
the invention controls the excavation position and depth, the sidelines of the toe and the heel of the wall and the height of the wall body, and performs accurate positioning measurement.
The specific contents are as follows:
1. the construction process is simple in flow, high in construction efficiency and easy to master;
2. the material is convenient to obtain, the manufacturing cost is low, and the strength is higher;
3. the cracking or collapse phenomenon of the masonry is reduced, the frost resistance of the mortar is increased, and the structure is kept stable;
4. the water seepage and freezing at the position of the water drainage hole in winter and the inclination of a retaining wall generated after freeze thawing are prevented;
5. the field installation quality is easy to control.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional view of a grouted rubble retaining wall structure in a plateau region;
fig. 2 is a flow chart of a construction method of a grouted rubble retaining wall in a plateau area.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
In the present embodiment, the data used are preferred, but not limiting the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, this embodiment provides a plateau district grout rubble retaining wall structure, including the ground of slope and build the grout rubble retaining wall subaerial, grout rubble retaining wall and lean against the back filtering layer that backfill gravel packed, backfill gravel back filtering layer lower extreme sets up the clay water barrier, and backfill gravel back filtering layer inner surface layer interval sets up rubble infiltration ditch, connects rubble infiltration ditch through inside drain pipe to underground drainage.
In this embodiment, backfill gravel reversed filter layer surface course supports grouted sheet stone retaining wall, sets up first outlet in the grouted sheet stone retaining wall and is connected with the rubble infiltration ditch on the backfill gravel reversed filter layer surface course, the first outlet other end intercommunication grouted sheet stone retaining wall external wall face, preferably, first outlet adopts phi 10 cm's PVC pipe, 4% of flowing water cross slope, upper and lower row interval 2m, and every row 2-3m arranges one, and upper and lower two rows of first outlet staggered arrangement are neatly staggered arrangement from top to bottom.
In this embodiment, the lower extreme is less than ground in the grout rubble retaining wall and sets up the second outlet, set up grout rubble gutter between second outlet and the curb, the clay water barrier is connected to second outlet inner, and the outer end is to grout rubble gutter drainage, and preferably, the pipe that the second outlet adopted phi 15cm to fill up infiltration material.
Further, a construction method of the grouted rubble retaining wall structure in the plateau area is provided, which comprises the following steps:
the construction steps of the retaining wall foundation are as follows: (1) excavation of a foundation pit: the foundation pit excavation mode is characterized in that a foundation pit excavation mode is achieved through manual cooperation with mechanical groove jumping, the situation that upper soil body instability cannot occur is guaranteed, a sideline rope is hung, the plane size is controlled, the elevation is controlled through a level gauge, and disturbance of original state soil of a base cannot be avoided through overexcavation; after the excavator digs to a height 15-30cm higher than the base, manually digging and trimming to a height 5cm lower than the designed elevation of the base, and trimming the side wall of the foundation pit to ensure that the slope of the back of the wall, the slope of the toe and the slope of the base meet the design requirements; (2) hardening the foundation pit: performing mortar hardening treatment on the excavated foundation, adopting 1:5 foundation slope construction, wherein the hardening thickness is 5cm, ensuring that the stress of the masonry foundation is uniform, and the whole retaining wall meets the structural stress requirement; (3) building a foundation: building a foundation by using building blocks and stones, wherein the two sides of the building blocks and stones are pulled, mortar is firstly paved, then the stones are laid, and finally the mortar is filled with the joints and small stones are filled in the large joints; (4) foundation backfilling: and when the basic strength reaches 70%, performing basic backfilling work.
In the embodiment, when each layer of rock block is built on the building foundation, a method of split-skin horizontal building, vertical staggered joint and internal and external building is adopted, the mortar joint thickness of the rock block foundation is 20-30mm, mortar is full, and the large and small rock blocks cannot be in direct contact or have no mortar; every intradermal all should set up a gallstone every 2m of stone foundation, and when the basic width is less than 400mm, the gallstone length is the same with basic width, and when the basic width was greater than 400mm, adopt two gallstones inside and outside overlap to build by laying bricks or stones, its overlap length is greater than 150mm, and wherein a length is not less than 2/3 of this skin basic width.
In the embodiment, the corners and the joints of the stone foundation are built simultaneously, oblique branches can not be reserved at the building parts simultaneously, the lengths of the oblique branches are larger than the widths of the oblique branches, and stone blocks on the oblique branches do not need mortar leveling; meanwhile, every 2-3 sheets are used as a working layer in the building, horizontal seams in the working layer are approximately leveled, vertical seams are staggered by not less than 80cm, and the inclined through seam does not exceed two sheets; preferably, the masonry mortar adopts M15 mortar of which the mixing proportion is adjusted by a laboratory, and the antifreeze is added into the mortar, so that the antifreeze property of the mortar is enhanced while the strength is ensured.
Building a wall body and setting a water drainage hole: the stone-laying sequence is that firstly, the cornerstone is laid, then the surface stone is laid, and finally the abdominal stone is laid; after the cornerstone is built, the line is moved and hung on the cornerstone, then the facing stony is built to be positioned, a gap of the stone for filling the abdomen is reserved for conveying the facing stony, the gap is sealed and built after the facing stony is built, the abdomen stones are built by adopting a method of reversing the building towards the direction of conveying the stone, the far side, the rear near side, the abdomen stones and the facing stony are built orderly according to the specified layers and mortar joints, and the mortar is full; building a first drainage hole when the wall body is built to be higher than the ground or 0.3m above the normal water level, wherein the first drainage hole is made of a phi 100PVC pipe, the water flowing cross slope is 4%, the distance between the upper row and the lower row is 2m, each row is 2-3m, the first drainage holes in the upper row and the lower row are arranged in a staggered manner, the internal drainage pipe penetrates into the wall back to backfill a gravel reverse filter layer by 10cm, small holes are formed in the pipe wall of the end head, and then; the lower drainage pipe at the back of the wall is connected with the drainage pipe arranged in the wall, the drainage pipe at the lower part is filled with broken stones to play the role of back filtration or preventing water from freezing,
in the embodiment, the masonry is constructed by a mortar setting method, stone materials are arranged at intervals sequentially, and are staggered in layers, the joint filling mortar is full and compact without a cavity, and the mortar marks in the wall surface and the wall are kept consistent; the method adopts layered masonry, the height of each layer is 70-120cm, the joints between the layers are leveled, the stones are leveled every 3-4 layers, each layer of stones in the layers are paved block by block or section by section according to the height of the stones, and the fluidity of the mortar is within 5-7 cm.
Furthermore, the outer ring positioning building blocks are firstly built in each layer and are connected with the inner layer building blocks in a staggered mode into a whole, building stones with flat surfaces and large sizes are selected for the positioning building blocks, mortar is fully paved on the positioning joints, after the positioning building blocks are built, a layer of mortar is paved on the bottom in the ring, the building stones can be connected closely when being extruded and built, and the mortar of the joints is dense and full.
In the embodiment, the natural shape of the rubbles is utilized for building, and the rubbles are mutually connected in a staggered way; paving mortar on each stone slab, placing the stone slabs, rubbing the stone slabs left and right, tapping with a hammer to extrude the mortar below the stone slabs to be compact, paving mortar on the side surfaces of the adjacent stone slabs when the side surfaces of the laid stone slabs are continuously built, then building the stone slabs, extruding the stone slabs downwards and the side surfaces of the mortar, tapping with the hammer to extrude the mortar below and on the side surfaces to be compact; the joints of stones in each layer in the layers are arranged in a staggered mode, stone thin joints with the depth of 2cm are reserved in the building engineering, the joints of the building blocks are staggered by 8cm, the joints are full, mortar is filled, and no through joint is generated.
Preferably, the masonry slate is selected from the slates which are hard, uniform, undegraded, crack-free, high in compressive strength, durability and frost resistance, the lower layer of the masonry is selected from larger stones, and the stones with smaller sizes are gradually used upwards.
In the embodiment, a settlement joint is arranged every 10-15m during masonry, the width of the settlement joint is 2cm, the settlement joint is vertically arranged, the surfaces of masonry bodies on two sides of the settlement joint are flat and have no lap joint, preferably, in order to ensure the settlement or the width of an expansion joint and avoid blockage by sundries, a settlement joint control plate with the length being 10-15cm longer than the thickest part of the masonry body and the width being 30-50cm is adopted, the settlement joint control plate moves from bottom to top along with the masonry body, the settlement joint is filled by clay when one layer moves, and then the upper layer masonry is continued.
The wall back blind ditch construction step: after the height position of a wall body drainage hole is determined, blind ditches are arranged at 10cm positions above and below each row of transverse drainage holes, 30-30 cm openings are dug to form U-shaped blind ditches towards a line side, the transverse gradient of each blind ditch is 3%, broken stones are used for filling the blind ditches, one plastic drainage pipe is arranged at the interval of 2m in the vertical position, and a water converging slope of 3% is arranged in the middle of each two drainage pipes;
and (3) maintenance: before the mortar is finally set, the masonry is covered, and after the mortar is initially set, the mortar is immediately cured, wherein the curing period is longer than 7 days, the temperature of the masonry is ensured to be more than 5 ℃, and after the masonry mortar reaches 75% of the design strength, wall back filler is backfilled;
filling a waterproof layer: arranging a clay water-resisting layer at the bottom of the first drainage hole at the lowest row, laying a woven impermeable geotextile isolating layer at the upper part of the clay water-resisting layer, wherein the height of the clay water-resisting layer is 50cm from the first drainage hole downwards, the width of the clay water-resisting layer is 30cm, a flowing water cross slope with the gradient of 4% is arranged, the material is firstly backfilled by clay in a layered mode, and each layer must be compacted tightly to meet the requirement of the design compactness;
and (3) filling an inverted filter layer: the inverted filter layer filling adopts layered rolling and backfilling to the wall top to plan the terrace elevation, and is provided with more than 3% of transverse slopes to fill layer by layer, the building height of the retaining wall cannot exceed 2m once, and when the mortar strength reaches 75% of the design strength, the wall back is backfilled; when the filler is close to the optimal water content, backfilling, and tamping the filler layer by layer, wherein the compactness is more than or equal to 96% of the design strength;
cleaning and pointing: the grade of the jointing mortar is higher than that of the masonry mortar by one grade, the jointing is embedded in the building joint by 2cm, the jointing adopts a concave joint, the joint width is 2cm, the joint depth is 2cm, the jointing is completely flushed by water before jointing, the groove jointing is leveled by using the same-grade cement mortar after jointing, the bandwidth of the leveling groove jointing is 1 cm and the thickness of the leveling groove jointing is 0.5 cm, and the uniformity is ensured;
preferably, the settlement joint is used for plastering and plastering a concave joint, the gap width is 2cm, the depth is 2cm, and the two sides of the gap are plastered and plastered to a mortar convex belt with the width of 3 cm and the thickness of 0.5 cm after the gap water with the volume of 5cm is exposed and washed clean after the asphalt bast fiber is filled and compacted;
and (3) wall top plastering: the strength of the plastering mortar is greater than M15, the plastering thickness is 20-30mm, and the flowing water transverse gradient of the top of the plastering is 2%; setting a settlement joint of a plastering section on the same wall, plastering after the settlement joint of the top surface is finished, and hooking a water flow strip on the top surface of the settlement joint by using C30 cement paste after finishing plastering; the width of the plastering surface exceeds the outer side line of the top surface of the wall body by 2cm, and is connected with the wall body into a whole along the downward extension of the wall body, and the cap thickness is 6 cm.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a plateau district mortar rubble retaining wall structure, including the ground of slope with build subaerial mortar rubble retaining wall (1), its characterized in that, mortar rubble retaining wall (1) is backed the back filter bed that returns of backfilling gravel packing, backfilling gravel reverse filter bed (2) lower extreme sets up clay water barrier (3), and the inner surface course interval of backfilling gravel reverse filter bed (2) sets up rubble infiltration ditch (5), connects rubble infiltration ditch (5) through inside drain pipe (4) to secret drainage.
2. The plateau region masonry retaining wall structure according to claim 1, wherein the outer surface layer of the backfill gravel reverse filtering layer (2) supports the masonry retaining wall (1), a first drainage hole (6) is arranged in the masonry retaining wall (1) and connected with the gravel seepage ditch (5) on the inner surface layer of the backfill gravel reverse filtering layer (2), and the other end of the first drainage hole (6) is communicated with the outer wall surface of the masonry retaining wall (1).
3. The structure of a grouted rubble retaining wall in a plateau area as claimed in claim 1, wherein a second drainage hole (7) is provided at the lower end of the inside of the grouted rubble retaining wall (1) below the ground, a grouted rubble gutter (9) is provided between the second drainage hole (7) and the road shoulder (8), the inner end of the second drainage hole (7) is connected with the clay water barrier (3), and the outer end drains to the grouted rubble gutter (9).
4. A construction method of a masonry retaining wall structure for a plateau region according to claim 1, comprising the steps of:
the construction steps of the retaining wall foundation are as follows: (1) excavation of a foundation pit: the method comprises the steps of adopting a manual cooperation mechanical groove jumping excavation foundation pit mode, hanging sideline ropes, controlling the plane size, controlling the elevation by using a level gauge, excavating by using an excavator until the height is 15-30cm higher than a base, then manually excavating and trimming to 5cm below the designed elevation of the base, and trimming the side wall of the foundation pit at the same time to ensure that the wall back slope, the wall toe slope and the base slope meet the design requirements; (2) hardening the foundation pit: performing mortar hardening treatment on the excavated foundation, and constructing the foundation at a gradient of 1:5, wherein the hardening thickness is 5 cm; (3) building a foundation: building a foundation by using building blocks and stones, wherein the two sides of the building blocks and stones are pulled, mortar is firstly paved, then the stones are laid, and finally the mortar is filled with the joints and small stones are filled in the large joints; (4) foundation backfilling: when the foundation strength reaches 70%, performing foundation backfill work;
building a wall body and setting a water drainage hole: the stone-laying sequence is that firstly, the cornerstone is laid, then the surface stone is laid, and finally the abdominal stone is laid; after the cornerstone is built, the line is moved and hung on the cornerstone, then the facing stony is built to be positioned, a gap of the stone for filling the abdomen is reserved for conveying the facing stony, the gap is sealed and built after the facing stony is built, the abdomen stones are built by adopting a method of reversing the building towards the direction of conveying the stone, the far side, the rear near side, the abdomen stones and the facing stony are built orderly according to the specified layers and mortar joints, and the mortar is full; building a first drainage hole (6) when the wall body is built to be higher than the ground or 0.3m above the normal water level, wherein the first drainage hole (6) adopts a phi 100PVC pipe, the flowing water cross slope is 4%, the distance between the upper row and the lower row is 2m, each row is 2-3m, the upper row and the lower row of the first drainage holes (6) are staggered, arranged regularly and staggered up and down, the internal drainage pipe (4) penetrates into the wall back to backfill a gravel reverse filter layer (2) by 10cm, a small hole is formed in the pipe wall of the end head, and then the water seepage geotextile is used for wrapping the water seepage holes; the lower drainage pipe at the back of the wall is connected with a drainage pipe arranged in the lower drainage pipe, and the drainage pipe at the lower part is filled with crushed stones to play a role in back filtration or water freezing prevention;
the wall back blind ditch construction step: after the height position of a wall body drainage hole is determined, blind ditches are arranged at 10cm positions above and below each row of transverse drainage holes, 30-30 cm openings are dug to form U-shaped blind ditches towards a line side, the transverse gradient of each blind ditch is 3%, broken stones are used for filling the blind ditches, one plastic drainage pipe is arranged at the interval of 2m in the vertical position, and a water converging slope of 3% is arranged in the middle of each two drainage pipes;
and (3) maintenance: before the mortar is finally set, the masonry is covered, and after the mortar is initially set, the mortar is immediately cured, wherein the curing period is longer than 7 days, the temperature of the masonry is ensured to be more than 5 ℃, and after the masonry mortar reaches 75% of the design strength, wall back filler is backfilled;
filling a waterproof layer: arranging a clay water-resisting layer (3) at the bottom of the first water drainage hole (6) at the lowest row, laying a woven impermeable geotextile isolating layer on the upper part of the clay water-resisting layer (3), wherein the height of the clay water-resisting layer (3) is 50cm below the first water drainage hole (6), the width of the clay water-resisting layer is 30cm, a flowing water cross slope with a gradient of 4% is arranged, the material is firstly backfilled layer by clay, each layer must be compacted tightly, and the requirement of the design compactness is met;
and (3) filling an inverted filter layer: the inverted filter layer filling adopts layered rolling and backfilling to the wall top to plan the terrace elevation, and is provided with more than 3% of transverse slopes to fill layer by layer, the building height of the retaining wall cannot exceed 2m once, and when the mortar strength reaches 75% of the design strength, the wall back is backfilled; when the filler is close to the optimal water content, backfilling, and tamping the filler layer by layer, wherein the compactness is more than or equal to 96% of the design strength;
cleaning and pointing: the grade of the jointing mortar is higher than that of the masonry mortar by one grade, the jointing is embedded in the building joint by 2cm, the jointing adopts a concave joint, the joint width is 2cm, the joint depth is 2cm, the jointing is completely flushed by water before jointing, the groove jointing is leveled by using the same-grade cement mortar after jointing, the bandwidth of the leveling groove jointing is 1 cm and the thickness of the leveling groove jointing is 0.5 cm, and the uniformity is ensured;
and (3) wall top plastering: the strength of the plastering mortar is greater than M15, the plastering thickness is 20-30mm, and the flowing water transverse gradient of the top of the plastering is 2%; setting a settlement joint of a plastering section on the same wall, plastering after the settlement joint of the top surface is finished, and hooking a water flow strip on the top surface of the settlement joint by using C30 cement paste after finishing plastering; the width of the plastering surface exceeds the outer side line of the top surface of the wall body by 2cm, and is connected with the wall body into a whole along the downward extension of the wall body, and the cap thickness is 6 cm.
5. The method for constructing a retaining wall structure of masonry blocks in a plateau area according to claim 4, wherein in the step of constructing the retaining wall foundation, a method of split-skin lying, up-down staggered joint and inside-outside lapping is adopted when each layer of the blocks of the foundation are built, the mortar joint thickness of the block stone foundation is 20-30mm, the mortar is full, and the large and small blocks cannot be in direct contact or have no mortar; each intradermal of the stone foundation should be provided with a stone of drawing stone every 2m long, when the width of the foundation is below 400mm, the length of the stone of drawing stone is the same with the width of the foundation, when the width of the foundation is greater than 400mm, two pieces of stone of drawing stone are built in an internal and external lap joint mode, the lap joint length is not less than 150mm, and one piece of the length is not less than 2/3 of the width of the leather foundation.
6. The method of constructing a retaining wall structure of masonry blocks in a plateau area according to claim 4, wherein in the step of constructing the retaining wall foundation, the corners and junctions of the masonry block foundation are constructed simultaneously, each 2-3 courses are provided with working courses, horizontal seams in the working courses are substantially leveled, vertical seams are staggered by not less than 80cm, and inclined through seams are not provided beyond two courses.
7. The method for constructing a retaining wall structure of grouted and rubble in plateau areas according to claim 4, wherein in the step of constructing the wall body and the step of providing the drainage holes, the stones are constructed by a mortar sitting method, the stones are alternated, the joints are staggered in layers, the joint filling mortar is full and compact without holes, and the mortar marks in the wall surface and the wall are kept consistent; the method adopts layered masonry, the height of each layer is 70-120cm, the joints between the layers are leveled, the stones are leveled every 3-4 layers, each layer of stones in the layers are paved block by block or section by section according to the height of the stones, and the fluidity of the mortar is within 5-7 cm.
8. The method for constructing a retaining wall structure of grouted and sliced rubble in plateau areas as claimed in claim 7, wherein in the step of constructing the wall body and installing the drainage holes, the outer ring of the positioning blocks are constructed in each course and are interlaced and connected with the inner layer of the positioning blocks, the positioning blocks are made of stone with a large surface finish size, the mortar is fully laid in the positioning joints, after the positioning blocks are constructed, a layer of mortar is laid at the bottom of the ring, so that the stone can be tightly connected during extrusion and construction, and the mortar in the joints is dense and full.
9. The method of constructing a retaining wall structure of grouted rubble in a plateau region as claimed in claim 8, wherein in the step of constructing the wall body and installing the drainage holes, the natural shape of the rubble is utilized for the interlocking connection during the construction; paving mortar on each stone slab, placing the stone slabs, rubbing the stone slabs left and right, tapping with a hammer to extrude the mortar below the stone slabs to be compact, paving mortar on the side surfaces of the adjacent stone slabs when the side surfaces of the laid stone slabs are continuously built, then building the stone slabs, extruding the stone slabs downwards and the side surfaces of the mortar, tapping with the hammer to extrude the mortar below and on the side surfaces to be compact; the joints of stones in each layer in the layers are arranged in a staggered mode, stone thin joints with the depth of 2cm are reserved in the building engineering, the joints of the building blocks are staggered by 8cm, the joints are full, mortar is filled, and no through joint is generated.
10. The method for constructing a retaining wall structure of grouted rubble in plateau regions as claimed in claim 4, wherein in the step of constructing the wall body and installing the drainage holes, settlement joints are provided every 10-15m, the settlement joints are 2cm wide, the settlement joints are vertically provided and the masonry surfaces on both sides of the settlement joints are flat and have no lap joint.
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| CN114457840A (en) * | 2021-12-14 | 2022-05-10 | 中建三局集团有限公司 | A kind of construction method of prefabricated ecological retaining wall |
| CN118345785A (en) * | 2024-06-17 | 2024-07-16 | 成都大学 | A drainage system and construction method for slopes in high-cold areas |
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