CN112681624A - Construction method of roof planted in independent basement - Google Patents
Construction method of roof planted in independent basement Download PDFInfo
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- CN112681624A CN112681624A CN202011516366.6A CN202011516366A CN112681624A CN 112681624 A CN112681624 A CN 112681624A CN 202011516366 A CN202011516366 A CN 202011516366A CN 112681624 A CN112681624 A CN 112681624A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
- Y02A30/24—Structural elements or technologies for improving thermal insulation
- Y02A30/254—Roof garden systems; Roof coverings with high solar reflectance
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B80/00—Architectural or constructional elements improving the thermal performance of buildings
- Y02B80/32—Roof garden systems
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Abstract
The invention relates to a building method of an independent basement roof planting roof, which comprises the following steps: a # -shaped beam top plate of the basement is cast in situ; step two: paving a 20-thick cement mortar leveling layer; step three: constructing a 4.0-thick SBS waterproof coiled material by adopting a pre-paving and full-sticking method; step four: constructing a puncture-resistant SBS waterproof coiled material; step five: carrying out a roof rain test; step six: fully paving a polyethylene film; step seven: installing a phi 6 bidirectional @150 steel bar mesh; step eight: c20 compensating shrinkage fine stone concrete is poured; step nine: dividing a dividing joint by a cutting board cutting machine and filling the joint by using high molecular sealant; step ten: installing a finished product drainage plate; step eleven: installing a 40-thick polyvinyl chloride foam water storage layer; step twelve: laying a layer of non-woven fabric; step thirteen: and paving loose planting soil. The invention carries out the key points of fine management control aiming at roof waterproof construction, enhances the precision control of the waterproof construction process and ensures the roof planting construction quality.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of building construction, in particular to a building method of a roof planting roof of an independent basement.
Background
The planting roof is a greening form which is supplemented with planting soil and plants planted in containers or planting templates to cover the building roof or the underground building roof. To this kind of afforestation form, need combine the rainwater in the planting roofing to hold, arrange, stagnate the technique such as, improve the plant viability on the planting roofing, otherwise, just need a large amount of manual works watering in later stage, so have the problem that the labour and the people hurt the wealth.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, provides a construction method of an independent basement roof planting roof, and solves the problem of construction of the planting roof.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention is realized as follows:
a construction method of an independent basement roof planting roof is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: a # -shaped beam top plate of the basement is cast in situ;
step two: paving a 20-thick cement mortar leveling layer (if the structural flatness is better, the leveling layer can be omitted);
step three: constructing a 4.0-thick SBS waterproof coiled material by adopting a pre-paving and full-sticking method;
step four: constructing a puncture-resistant SBS waterproof coiled material;
step five: carrying out a roof rain (water) test;
step six: fully laying a polyethylene film (PE);
step seven: installing a phi 6 bidirectional @150 steel bar mesh;
step eight: pouring C20 compensation shrinkage fine stone concrete (timely light-harvesting curing); (ii) a
Step nine: dividing the joint by a knife plate cutter (6 mX6m) and filling the joint with polymer sealant
Step ten: installing a finished product drainage plate;
step eleven: installing a 40-thick polyvinyl chloride foam water storage layer;
step twelve: laying a layer of non-woven fabric;
step thirteen: loose planting soil (about 1100mm thick) was laid.
2. The method for constructing the roof planted in the independent basement roof as claimed in claim 1, wherein: a top plate of the basement is cast in situ in the first step:
the beam-slab structure of the basement is divided into the south and north, two times of pouring are carried out, an inspection and acceptance system is strictly implemented, and the quality inspection of procedures such as reinforcement binding, template manufacturing and installation is carried out strictly according to the procedures of self-inspection, mutual inspection and cross-inspection in the construction process; checking, checking and accepting according to the standard requirements, immediately modifying if the inspection result does not meet the standard requirements, recording the inspection result and the corresponding modification condition faithfully by a specially-assigned person, signing by a detector, checking that the previous procedure is unqualified, and strictly forbidding entering the next procedure for construction;
burying an electromechanical pipeline:
the reserved holes, embedded parts, electric appliances, water supply and drainage pipelines and the like on the top plate of the basement are pre-embedded before concrete pouring, and holes and grooves cannot be punched after the construction of the structure and the waterproof layer is finished; the pipelines of the water supply and drainage system are installed before the waterproof layer is constructed, and are tested to be qualified through pressure test, and the sealing treatment of various pipeline nodes is carried out by secondary plugging of waterproof sleeves;
Waterproof layer:
the base layer treatment, namely removing sundries such as bulges, mortar, pimples and the like on the surface of the leveling layer before paving the coiled material, cleaning dust, making arc corners at the joints of all the base layers and the protruded roof structure and corners of the base layers, and filling and compacting dividing seams of the leveling layer by using asphalt mortar;
brushing cold primer oil, wherein the cold primer oil is required to be uniformly brushed, so that the cold primer oil cannot be brushed on the surface of the base layer fully, the brushing is uniform, the base penetration is avoided, the coverage rate is 100%, the cold primer oil is reported to be managed and accepted after the brushing is finished, and the next procedure can be carried out after the cold primer oil is dried;
constructing additional layers, namely adding additional layers at weak positions which are easy to leak, such as the positions of the internal corners and the external corners, the positions of the pipe roots of the roof and the like, requiring full adhesion without hollowing, wherein the width of the additional layers is not less than 500mm, and performing the next procedure after three-inspection folding grids after construction;
laying a first layer of waterproof coiled material, namely constructing a 4.0-thick SBS waterproof coiled material by adopting a full-adhesion method, wherein the laying and adhering sequence is that the waterproof coiled material is laid and adhered layer by layer from east to west to the direction with high elevation, the long side is lapped by 100mm, and the short side is lapped by 150 mm;
hot melting and edge sealing, namely heating the seam of the coiled material by using a spray gun, pressing the seam until the edge is extruded to extrude asphalt to be firmly adhered, and embedding and filling the tail end closing end of the coiled material by using asphalt caulking paste;
laying a second layer of waterproof coiled material, namely directly laying a polyethylene geomembrane waterproof coiled material above the SBS coiled material in a vacant mode, wherein the lapping is not less than 100mm, hot-melt automatic welding is adopted, the coiled material is prevented from being wrinkled and inclined when being rolled and laid, laying and pasting are carried out according to a reference line, the coiled material connected with the vertical surface in a plane is laid from bottom to top, the coiled material is tightly attached to the internal corner, exhausting and compacting are carried out, the tail end of the coiled material is firmly bonded with the base layer by using a double-sided self-adhesive coiled material at the head-closing part according to the;
construction of detail of the joint:
sealant is embedded between the periphery of the pipeline penetrating through the top plate and the structure, concrete with the height not less than 200mm and the size 100mm larger than that of the pipeline is poured at the root of the pipeline to fix the pipeline and serve as a protective layer of the sealant and a base layer of a waterproof layer;
water storage test:
after the waterproof layer is constructed, the holes of the roof are tightly plugged, a water storage test is carried out, water is discharged onto the roof, the highest point water height of the roof is not less than 20mm, the water storage time is not less than 24 hours, and after no leakage or no water leakage phenomenon is confirmed, the construction of a waterproof protective layer can be carried out, and the water storage is carried out twice in the project due to the large area of the roof;
4.3.4 construction of reinforcing bar protective layer
The waterproof protective layer under the planting soil adopts fine aggregate concrete with the strength grade of C20 and the thickness of 70mm, is provided with a bidirectional phi 6@150 reinforcing mesh sheet, adopts the processed reinforcing mesh sheet, the thickness is controlled by a cushion block, the reinforcing mesh sheet is strictly prohibited to be trodden during construction, when the concrete is constructed, the vibration is required to be compact, the thickness is uniform and consistent, the surface is leveled after being subjected to surface slurrying, the water is collected and then is calendered again, the mesh division is carried out according to 6x6m, and after the maintenance period, the sealing is carried out by elastic sealing paste for tight sealing;
root separation layer:
the root separation layer mainly has the function of preventing the root system of the plant from damaging the waterproof layer, and generally a PVC (polyvinyl chloride) shaped hydrophobic plate is adopted as an isolation layer, so that the root separation effect can be realized when a fine aggregate concrete or reinforced fine aggregate concrete waterproof protective layer is adopted, but different root separation measures are selected according to the developed degree of the root system of the plant;
an accumulation layer:
the water draining layer may be haydite, crushed stone, coarse sand, pebble or foamed polyvinyl chloride plastic layer, and has thickness and height of water draining port determined based on the drought and water resisting requirement of the plant, generally about 300 mm;
isolation layer:
the main function of the soil isolation layer is to prevent the loss of planting soil and organic medium, before covering the planting soil, non-woven fabric or geotextile should be laid on the water drainage (storage) layer, the lap length of the fabric should be no less than 200mm, and the periphery is turned upwards until the structure layer is fixed, so as to prevent the soil from entering the water drainage (storage) layer;
and (3) construction of a planting soil layer:
the planting soil layer is prepared by doping one part of peat into two parts of common soil to prepare a mixer, so that the roof load can be reduced, the plant growth is facilitated, the cost is low, the soil layer thickness is determined according to the type and specification of the plant, the soil layer thickness of the small arbor is not less than 60cm, the small shrub soil layer thickness planting soil layer is transported by a tower crane during construction, the small shrub soil layer thickness planting soil layer is dispersedly stacked on a plastic water storage layer paved with geotechnical non-woven fabrics and is manually laid, the virtual pavement thickness of the soil can be 10cm higher than the design thickness, and the thickness after water spraying meets the design requirement;
the planting time of the plants is determined according to the requirements of various plants on the climate conditions, and the plants are planted in spring or late autumn with abundant rainwater as much as possible;
all metal shells are provided with good lightning protection grounding devices, and the ports of electrical appliance pipelines and open-air equipment which are applied in the planting soil in a hidden way are provided with waterproof and anti-seepage sealing measures;
quality control:
(1) impervious concrete not lower than C20P6 is applied to the beam-slab structure of the basement, the tree pit, the drainage ditch, the bottom and the side of the flower bed, and should be poured once, horizontal construction joints should not be left, otherwise, water stopping measures should be taken;
(2) before the waterproof concrete top plate is poured, the template is required to be wetted, dust on the template is cleaned up, cleanness is guaranteed, no water is accumulated, and the integral waterproof quality of the top plate structure is improved;
(3) the components such as the inverted beam, the tree pit, the drainage ditch, the side wall of the flower bed and the like on the top plate of the basement are all provided with water stop bolts when the template is installed;
(4) the reserved holes, embedded parts, electric appliances, water supply and drainage pipelines and the like on the top plate of the basement are pre-embedded before concrete pouring, and holes and grooves cannot be punched after the construction of the structure and the waterproof layer is finished; the pipelines of the water supply and drainage system are installed before the waterproof layer is constructed, and are tested to be qualified through pressure test, and the sealing treatment of various pipeline nodes is carried out by secondary plugging of waterproof sleeves;
(5) The concrete test blocks are kept according to the specification, each 100 cubic meters of the concrete test blocks are not less than 1 group of compression-resistant test blocks and 1 group of anti-permeability test blocks, the test blocks are sent to qualified detection monomers for detection after the test blocks are expired, and finally, qualified reports are filed;
(6) the supporting system is independently arranged according to the requirement for treating the top plate post-cast strip, after the strength of the concrete on two sides reaches the design requirement, the concrete floating slurry on two sides is chiseled out, and the micro-expansion waterproof concrete with a higher mark number is used for pouring and vibrating, and the heat preservation and moisture preservation maintenance is carried out for not less than 14 days;
(7) after the top concrete structure of the basement is completed, water storage, water spraying tests and post-rain inspection are carried out in time, the found leakage points are repaired by a reliable method, and the local defect positions of the structure are recorded so as to increase an additional waterproof layer locally;
(8) sealant is embedded between the periphery of the pipeline penetrating through the top plate and the structure, concrete with the height not less than 200 and the size 100mm larger than that of the pipeline is poured at the root of the pipeline to fix the pipeline and serve as a protective layer of the sealant and a base layer of a waterproof layer;
(6) the slope layer and the leveling layer of the roof are suitable to be poured at one time, and the corners of the members such as the inverted beam, the pit, the ditch, the pool and the like are all made into circular arcs with the diameter not less than 100 mm;
(7) after the waterproof layer is finished, curing is carried out according to the characteristics of the SBS modified asphalt coiled material, finished product protection is well done, after the waterproof layer is qualified through secondary water storage or water spraying test, a fine aggregate concrete waterproof protective layer is constructed as soon as possible, and the detailed method and the node treatment of the waterproof layer refer to the detailed method standard manual of Shanghai BaoMeta 2019 edition;
(8) the waterproof coiled material is laid along the long edge direction from one side to the other side, and the waterproof coiled material is pressed flat by using an adhesive or a waterproof special adhesive material and applying a roller or a long row of brushes until the adhesive overflows all around. After the lower layer coiled material is completely laid, a supervision unit is required to report for concealed acceptance check, quality problems such as hollowing, cracking and the like cannot occur, and waterproof construction of a second layer of puncture-resistant coiled material is performed after the lower layer coiled material is qualified;
(9) the water discharge ports of various management pipelines such as a water discharge pipe opening, a water overflow pipe opening, a reversed beam water passing opening and the like arranged on the top plate of the basement are provided with steel wire meshes or stainless steel wire meshes which are made into convex balls to cover the pipe openings, and coarse and fine aggregate water filtering layers of sand stones and sand pebbles are piled on the inner sides of the pipes to prevent the loss of planting soil and organic media and prevent impurities and sundries from blocking the pipes and polluting the environment;
(10) the square or pedestrian passage, the drainage ditch and the retaining wall on the top plate are finished before the waterproof layer construction if the square or pedestrian passage, the drainage ditch and the retaining wall cannot be poured with structural concrete simultaneously or brick masonry is adopted, so as to ensure the integrity and continuity of the roof waterproof layer;
(11) the thickness and the quality of the planting medium filled in various planting areas meet the design requirements, the planting medium is preferably viscous soil with good water retention, the surface of the planting soil is preferably flat, a slope of 1-3% is designed, and the planting medium is preferably 30-100mm lower than the surrounding retaining wall;
(12) before planting the green plants, digging tree pools and tree pits according to a drawing, thickening soil locally to ensure higher survival rate of the seedlings, righting, immediately supporting four sides, and arranging special persons for regular maintenance and inspection;
(13) the planted roof should select ornamental plants such as flowers, grasses, vines, small trees and the like with strong adaptability, drought resistance, barren resistance and pleasure, and should not select arbors, shrubs, ficus auriculata, cedar and other species with strong root system penetrability and weak wind resistance;
note that:
(1) the waterproof grade and the fortification standard of the planted roof meet the design and specification requirements, reliable measures of rigidity and flexibility, multiple fortification and node sealing are adopted, and the waterproof grade of the planted roof is preferably grade I and is not lower than grade II; the waterproof layer is an environment-friendly waterproof coiled material which is corrosion-resistant, poison-rot-resistant, puncture-resistant and free of leaching harmful substances;
(2) the waterproof fine stone concrete protective layer of the roof, the concrete should be dense, the surface is screeded and polished, and set up the dividing joint, the dividing area is not greater than 36 square meters, but should not set up the dividing joint in the concrete protective layer under the planting area;
(3) the rainwater system that municipal administration was discharged in infiltration, the rainwater that planting roofing escape canal, outlet, spillway hole and planting surface gathered should concentrate all around prevents dirty roof beam environment. The quantity of the rainwater openings and the diameter of the drainage pipe are set, so that the drainage requirement of the maximum rainfall in unit time in rainy seasons can be met;
(4) the lightning protection grounding system of the planted roof fully considers the lightning protection requirement of the height of the planted trees;
(5) obvious marks are arranged on lawn lamps, lawn music equipment and water and electric pipelines which are buried in planting medium soil so as to be convenient for overhaul and maintenance;
(6) when the planting soil roof is covered with planting soil, a decorative surface layer is constructed, and flowers, plants and trees are planted, the waterproof layer is prevented from being damaged;
(7) after the waterproof layer and the waterproof protective layer of the roof are constructed, the waterproof layer and the waterproof nodes of the roof are protected by paying attention to, punching holes and punching holes on the waterproof layer of the roof are strictly forbidden, the impact of heavy objects is avoided, and sundries cannot be randomly stacked on the waterproof layer of the roof and structures cannot be added;
(8) for various installed pipelines, the end ports of the pipelines are sealed firstly, so that sundries are prevented from falling into the pipelines to block water pipes in the subsequent process construction, the pipelines are dredged immediately after the construction, smoothness of the pipelines is guaranteed, and meanwhile the sundries are cleaned regularly to guarantee smoothness of a roof drainage system.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: carry out the management control main points that become more meticulous to roofing waterproof construction, strengthen the accuracy control of waterproof work progress, ensure roofing and plant construction quality, combine the rainwater in the planting roofing to hold, arrange, stagnate the technique such as, improve the plant viability on the planting roofing.
Drawings
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the following figures and embodiments:
fig. 1 is a schematic view of a planting layer.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1: a building method of a roof planting roof of an independent basement comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: a # -shaped beam top plate of the basement is cast in situ;
step two: paving a 20-thick cement mortar leveling layer (if the structural flatness is better, the leveling layer can be omitted);
step three: constructing a 4.0-thick SBS waterproof coiled material by adopting a pre-paving and full-sticking method;
step four: constructing a puncture-resistant SBS waterproof coiled material;
step five: carrying out a roof rain (water) test;
step six: fully laying a polyethylene film (PE);
step seven: installing a phi 6 bidirectional @150 steel bar mesh;
step eight: pouring C20 compensation shrinkage fine stone concrete (timely light-harvesting curing); (ii) a
Step nine: dividing the joint by a knife plate cutter (6 mX6m) and filling the joint with polymer sealant
Step ten: installing a finished product drainage plate;
step eleven: installing a 40-thick polyvinyl chloride foam water storage layer;
step twelve: laying a layer of non-woven fabric;
step thirteen: loose planting soil (about 1100mm thick) was laid.
The planting layers in fig. 1 are, from top to bottom: the water-proof and water-proof concrete comprises planting soil, a vegetation layer, a filter layer, a water draining layer, C20 fine aggregate concrete with the thickness of 50-70, a slope finding layer (the gradient is 1 percent), an isolation layer, a root penetration resistant waterproof layer, a common waterproof layer, a cement mortar leveling layer with the thickness of 20: 3 and a waterproof concrete top plate.
Further, a top plate of the basement is cast in situ in the step one:
the beam-slab structure of the basement is divided into the south and north, two times of pouring are carried out, an inspection and acceptance system is strictly implemented, and the quality inspection of procedures such as reinforcement binding, template manufacturing and installation is carried out strictly according to the procedures of self-inspection, mutual inspection and cross-inspection in the construction process; checking, checking and accepting according to the standard requirements, immediately modifying if the inspection result does not meet the standard requirements, recording the inspection result and the corresponding modification condition faithfully by a specially-assigned person, signing by a detector, checking that the previous procedure is unqualified, and strictly forbidding entering the next procedure for construction;
burying an electromechanical pipeline:
the reserved holes, embedded parts, electric appliances, water supply and drainage pipelines and the like on the top plate of the basement are pre-embedded before concrete pouring, and holes and grooves cannot be punched after the construction of the structure and the waterproof layer is finished; the pipelines of the water supply and drainage system are installed before the waterproof layer is constructed, and are tested to be qualified through pressure test, and the sealing treatment of various pipeline nodes is carried out by secondary plugging of waterproof sleeves;
Waterproof layer:
the base layer treatment, namely removing sundries such as bulges, mortar, pimples and the like on the surface of the leveling layer before paving the coiled material, cleaning dust, making arc corners at the joints of all the base layers and the protruded roof structure and corners of the base layers, and filling and compacting dividing seams of the leveling layer by using asphalt mortar;
brushing cold primer oil, wherein the cold primer oil is required to be uniformly brushed, so that the cold primer oil cannot be brushed on the surface of the base layer fully, the brushing is uniform, the base penetration is avoided, the coverage rate is 100%, the cold primer oil is reported to be managed and accepted after the brushing is finished, and the next procedure can be carried out after the cold primer oil is dried;
constructing additional layers, namely adding additional layers at weak positions which are easy to leak, such as the positions of the internal corners and the external corners, the positions of the pipe roots of the roof and the like, requiring full adhesion without hollowing, wherein the width of the additional layers is not less than 500mm, and performing the next procedure after three-inspection folding grids after construction;
laying a first layer of waterproof coiled material, namely constructing a 4.0-thick SBS waterproof coiled material by adopting a full-adhesion method, wherein the laying and adhering sequence is that the waterproof coiled material is laid and adhered layer by layer from east to west to the direction with high elevation, the long side is lapped by 100mm, and the short side is lapped by 150 mm;
hot melting and edge sealing, namely heating the seam of the coiled material by using a spray gun, pressing the seam until the edge is extruded to extrude asphalt to be firmly adhered, and embedding and filling the tail end closing end of the coiled material by using asphalt caulking paste;
laying a second layer of waterproof coiled material, namely directly laying a polyethylene geomembrane waterproof coiled material above the SBS coiled material in a vacant mode, wherein the lapping is not less than 100mm, hot-melt automatic welding is adopted, the coiled material is prevented from being wrinkled and inclined when being rolled and laid, laying and pasting are carried out according to a reference line, the coiled material connected with the vertical surface in a plane is laid from bottom to top, the coiled material is tightly attached to the internal corner, exhausting and compacting are carried out, the tail end of the coiled material is firmly bonded with the base layer by using a double-sided self-adhesive coiled material at the head-closing part according to the;
construction of detail of the joint:
sealant is embedded between the periphery of the pipeline penetrating through the top plate and the structure, concrete with the height not less than 200mm and the size 100mm larger than that of the pipeline is poured at the root of the pipeline to fix the pipeline and serve as a protective layer of the sealant and a base layer of a waterproof layer;
water storage test:
after the waterproof layer is constructed, the holes of the roof are tightly plugged, a water storage test is carried out, water is discharged onto the roof, the highest point water height of the roof is not less than 20mm, the water storage time is not less than 24 hours, and after no leakage or no water leakage phenomenon is confirmed, the construction of a waterproof protective layer can be carried out, and the water storage is carried out twice in the project due to the large area of the roof;
4.3.4 construction of reinforcing bar protective layer
The waterproof protective layer under the planting soil adopts fine aggregate concrete with the strength grade of C20 and the thickness of 70mm, is provided with a bidirectional phi 6@150 reinforcing mesh sheet, adopts the processed reinforcing mesh sheet, the thickness is controlled by a cushion block, the reinforcing mesh sheet is strictly prohibited to be trodden during construction, when the concrete is constructed, the vibration is required to be compact, the thickness is uniform and consistent, the surface is leveled after being subjected to surface slurrying, the water is collected and then is calendered again, the mesh division is carried out according to 6x6m, and after the maintenance period, the sealing is carried out by elastic sealing paste for tight sealing;
root separation layer:
the root separation layer mainly has the function of preventing the root system of the plant from damaging the waterproof layer, and generally a PVC (polyvinyl chloride) shaped hydrophobic plate is adopted as an isolation layer, so that the root separation effect can be realized when a fine aggregate concrete or reinforced fine aggregate concrete waterproof protective layer is adopted, but different root separation measures are selected according to the developed degree of the root system of the plant;
an accumulation layer:
the water draining layer may be haydite, crushed stone, coarse sand, pebble or foamed polyvinyl chloride plastic layer, and has thickness and height of water draining port determined based on the drought and water resisting requirement of the plant, generally about 300 mm;
isolation layer:
the main function of the soil isolation layer is to prevent the loss of planting soil and organic medium, before covering the planting soil, non-woven fabric or geotextile should be laid on the water drainage (storage) layer, the lap length of the fabric should be no less than 200mm, and the periphery is turned upwards until the structure layer is fixed, so as to prevent the soil from entering the water drainage (storage) layer;
and (3) construction of a planting soil layer:
the planting soil layer is prepared by doping one part of peat into two parts of common soil to prepare a mixer, so that the roof load can be reduced, the plant growth is facilitated, the cost is low, the soil layer thickness is determined according to the type and specification of the plant, the soil layer thickness of the small arbor is not less than 60cm, the small shrub soil layer thickness planting soil layer is transported by a tower crane during construction, the small shrub soil layer thickness planting soil layer is dispersedly stacked on a plastic water storage layer paved with geotechnical non-woven fabrics and is manually laid, the virtual pavement thickness of the soil can be 10cm higher than the design thickness, and the thickness after water spraying meets the design requirement;
the planting time of the plants is determined according to the requirements of various plants on the climate conditions, and the plants are planted in spring or late autumn with abundant rainwater as much as possible;
all metal shells are provided with good lightning protection grounding devices, and the ports of electrical appliance pipelines and open-air equipment which are applied in the planting soil in a hidden way are provided with waterproof and anti-seepage sealing measures;
quality control:
(1) impervious concrete not lower than C20P6 is applied to the beam-slab structure of the basement, the tree pit, the drainage ditch, the bottom and the side of the flower bed, and should be poured once, horizontal construction joints should not be left, otherwise, water stopping measures should be taken;
(2) before the waterproof concrete top plate is poured, the template is required to be wetted, dust on the template is cleaned up, cleanness is guaranteed, no water is accumulated, and the integral waterproof quality of the top plate structure is improved;
(3) the components such as the inverted beam, the tree pit, the drainage ditch, the side wall of the flower bed and the like on the top plate of the basement are all provided with water stop bolts when the template is installed;
(4) the reserved holes, embedded parts, electric appliances, water supply and drainage pipelines and the like on the top plate of the basement are pre-embedded before concrete pouring, and holes and grooves cannot be punched after the construction of the structure and the waterproof layer is finished; the pipelines of the water supply and drainage system are installed before the waterproof layer is constructed, and are tested to be qualified through pressure test, and the sealing treatment of various pipeline nodes is carried out by secondary plugging of waterproof sleeves;
(5) The concrete test blocks are kept according to the specification, each 100 cubic meters of the concrete test blocks are not less than 1 group of compression-resistant test blocks and 1 group of anti-permeability test blocks, the test blocks are sent to qualified detection monomers for detection after the test blocks are expired, and finally, qualified reports are filed;
(6) the supporting system is independently arranged according to the requirement for treating the top plate post-cast strip, after the strength of the concrete on two sides reaches the design requirement, the concrete floating slurry on two sides is chiseled out, and the micro-expansion waterproof concrete with a higher mark number is used for pouring and vibrating, and the heat preservation and moisture preservation maintenance is carried out for not less than 14 days;
(7) after the top concrete structure of the basement is completed, water storage, water spraying tests and post-rain inspection are carried out in time, the found leakage points are repaired by a reliable method, and the local defect positions of the structure are recorded so as to increase an additional waterproof layer locally;
(8) sealant is embedded between the periphery of the pipeline penetrating through the top plate and the structure, concrete with the height not less than 200 and the size 100mm larger than that of the pipeline is poured at the root of the pipeline to fix the pipeline and serve as a protective layer of the sealant and a base layer of a waterproof layer;
(6) the slope layer and the leveling layer of the roof are suitable to be poured at one time, and the corners of the members such as the inverted beam, the pit, the ditch, the pool and the like are all made into circular arcs with the diameter not less than 100 mm;
(7) after the waterproof layer is finished, curing is carried out according to the characteristics of the SBS modified asphalt coiled material, finished product protection is well done, after the waterproof layer is qualified through secondary water storage or water spraying test, a fine aggregate concrete waterproof protective layer is constructed as soon as possible, and the detailed method and the node treatment of the waterproof layer refer to the detailed method standard manual of Shanghai BaoMeta 2019 edition;
(8) the waterproof coiled material is laid along the long edge direction from one side to the other side, and the waterproof coiled material is pressed flat by using an adhesive or a waterproof special adhesive material and applying a roller or a long row of brushes until the adhesive overflows all around. After the lower layer coiled material is completely laid, a supervision unit is required to report for concealed acceptance check, quality problems such as hollowing, cracking and the like cannot occur, and waterproof construction of a second layer of puncture-resistant coiled material is performed after the lower layer coiled material is qualified;
(9) the water discharge ports of various management pipelines such as a water discharge pipe opening, a water overflow pipe opening, a reversed beam water passing opening and the like arranged on the top plate of the basement are provided with steel wire meshes or stainless steel wire meshes which are made into convex balls to cover the pipe openings, and coarse and fine aggregate water filtering layers of sand stones and sand pebbles are piled on the inner sides of the pipes to prevent the loss of planting soil and organic media and prevent impurities and sundries from blocking the pipes and polluting the environment;
(10) the square or pedestrian passage, the drainage ditch and the retaining wall on the top plate are finished before the waterproof layer construction if the square or pedestrian passage, the drainage ditch and the retaining wall cannot be poured with structural concrete simultaneously or brick masonry is adopted, so as to ensure the integrity and continuity of the roof waterproof layer;
(11) the thickness and the quality of the planting medium filled in various planting areas meet the design requirements, the planting medium is preferably viscous soil with good water retention, the surface of the planting soil is preferably flat, a slope of 1-3% is designed, and the planting medium is preferably 30-100mm lower than the surrounding retaining wall;
(12) before planting the green plants, digging tree pools and tree pits according to a drawing, thickening soil locally to ensure higher survival rate of the seedlings, righting, immediately supporting four sides, and arranging special persons for regular maintenance and inspection;
(13) the planted roof should select ornamental plants such as flowers, grasses, vines, small trees and the like with strong adaptability, drought resistance, barren resistance and pleasure, and should not select arbors, shrubs, ficus auriculata, cedar and other species with strong root system penetrability and weak wind resistance;
note that:
(1) the waterproof grade and the fortification standard of the planted roof meet the design and specification requirements, reliable measures of rigidity and flexibility, multiple fortification and node sealing are adopted, and the waterproof grade of the planted roof is preferably grade I and is not lower than grade II; the waterproof layer is an environment-friendly waterproof coiled material which is corrosion-resistant, poison-rot-resistant, puncture-resistant and free of leaching harmful substances;
(2) the waterproof fine stone concrete protective layer of the roof, the concrete should be dense, the surface is screeded and polished, and set up the dividing joint, the dividing area is not greater than 36 square meters, but should not set up the dividing joint in the concrete protective layer under the planting area;
(3) the rainwater system that municipal administration was discharged in infiltration, the rainwater that planting roofing escape canal, outlet, spillway hole and planting surface gathered should concentrate all around prevents dirty roof beam environment. The quantity of the rainwater openings and the diameter of the drainage pipe are set, so that the drainage requirement of the maximum rainfall in unit time in rainy seasons can be met;
(4) the lightning protection grounding system of the planted roof fully considers the lightning protection requirement of the height of the planted trees;
(5) obvious marks are arranged on lawn lamps, lawn music equipment and water and electric pipelines which are buried in planting medium soil so as to be convenient for overhaul and maintenance;
(6) when the planting soil roof is covered with planting soil, a decorative surface layer is constructed, and flowers, plants and trees are planted, the waterproof layer is prevented from being damaged;
(7) after the waterproof layer and the waterproof protective layer of the roof are constructed, the waterproof layer and the waterproof nodes of the roof are protected by paying attention to, punching holes and punching holes on the waterproof layer of the roof are strictly forbidden, the impact of heavy objects is avoided, and sundries cannot be randomly stacked on the waterproof layer of the roof and structures cannot be added;
(8) for various installed pipelines, the end ports of the pipelines are sealed firstly, so that sundries are prevented from falling into the pipelines to block water pipes in the subsequent process construction, the pipelines are dredged immediately after the construction, smoothness of the pipelines is guaranteed, and meanwhile the sundries are cleaned regularly to guarantee smoothness of a roof drainage system.
Claims (2)
1. A construction method of an independent basement roof planting roof is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: a # -shaped beam top plate of the basement is cast in situ;
step two: paving a 20-thick cement mortar leveling layer (if the structural flatness is better, the leveling layer can be omitted);
step three: constructing a 4.0-thick SBS waterproof coiled material by adopting a pre-paving and full-sticking method;
step four: constructing a puncture-resistant SBS waterproof coiled material;
step five: carrying out a roof rain (water) test;
step six: fully laying a polyethylene film (PE);
step seven: installing a phi 6 bidirectional @150 steel bar mesh;
step eight: pouring C20 compensation shrinkage fine stone concrete (timely light-harvesting curing); (ii) a
Step nine: dividing a dividing joint (6 mX6m) by a cutting board cutting machine and filling the joint by using high molecular sealant;
step ten: installing a finished product drainage plate;
step eleven: installing a 40-thick polyvinyl chloride foam water storage layer;
step twelve: laying a layer of non-woven fabric;
step thirteen: loose planting soil (about 1100mm thick) was laid.
2. The method for constructing the roof planted in the independent basement roof as claimed in claim 1, wherein: a top plate of the basement is cast in situ in the first step:
the beam-slab structure of the basement is divided into the south and north, two times of pouring are carried out, an inspection and acceptance system is strictly implemented, and the quality inspection of procedures such as reinforcement binding, template manufacturing and installation is carried out strictly according to the procedures of self-inspection, mutual inspection and cross-inspection in the construction process; checking, checking and accepting according to the standard requirements, immediately modifying if the inspection result does not meet the standard requirements, recording the inspection result and the corresponding modification condition faithfully by a specially-assigned person, signing by a detector, checking that the previous procedure is unqualified, and strictly forbidding entering the next procedure for construction;
burying an electromechanical pipeline:
the reserved holes, embedded parts, electric appliances, water supply and drainage pipelines and the like on the top plate of the basement are pre-embedded before concrete pouring, and holes and grooves cannot be punched after the construction of the structure and the waterproof layer is finished; the pipelines of the water supply and drainage system are installed before the waterproof layer is constructed, and are tested to be qualified through pressure test, and the sealing treatment of various pipeline nodes is carried out by secondary plugging of waterproof sleeves;
Waterproof layer:
the base layer treatment, namely removing sundries such as bulges, mortar, pimples and the like on the surface of the leveling layer before paving the coiled material, cleaning dust, making arc corners at the joints of all the base layers and the protruded roof structure and corners of the base layers, and filling and compacting dividing seams of the leveling layer by using asphalt mortar;
brushing cold primer oil, wherein the cold primer oil is required to be uniformly brushed, so that the cold primer oil cannot be brushed on the surface of the base layer fully, the brushing is uniform, the base penetration is avoided, the coverage rate is 100%, the cold primer oil is reported to be managed and accepted after the brushing is finished, and the next procedure can be carried out after the cold primer oil is dried;
constructing additional layers, namely adding additional layers at weak positions which are easy to leak, such as the positions of the internal corners and the external corners, the positions of the pipe roots of the roof and the like, requiring full adhesion without hollowing, wherein the width of the additional layers is not less than 500mm, and performing the next procedure after three-inspection folding grids after construction;
laying a first layer of waterproof coiled material, namely constructing a 4.0-thick SBS waterproof coiled material by adopting a full-adhesion method, wherein the laying and adhering sequence is that the waterproof coiled material is laid and adhered layer by layer from east to west to the direction with high elevation, the long side is lapped by 100mm, and the short side is lapped by 150 mm;
hot melting and edge sealing, namely heating the seam of the coiled material by using a spray gun, pressing the seam until the edge is extruded to extrude asphalt to be firmly adhered, and embedding and filling the tail end closing end of the coiled material by using asphalt caulking paste;
laying a second layer of waterproof coiled material, namely directly laying a polyethylene geomembrane waterproof coiled material above the SBS coiled material in a vacant mode, wherein the lapping is not less than 100mm, hot-melt automatic welding is adopted, the coiled material is prevented from being wrinkled and inclined when being rolled and laid, laying and pasting are carried out according to a reference line, the coiled material connected with the vertical surface in a plane is laid from bottom to top, the coiled material is tightly attached to the internal corner, exhausting and compacting are carried out, the tail end of the coiled material is firmly bonded with the base layer by using a double-sided self-adhesive coiled material at the head-closing part according to the;
construction of detail of the joint:
sealant is embedded between the periphery of the pipeline penetrating through the top plate and the structure, concrete with the height not less than 200mm and the size 100mm larger than that of the pipeline is poured at the root of the pipeline to fix the pipeline and serve as a protective layer of the sealant and a base layer of a waterproof layer;
water storage test:
after the waterproof layer is constructed, the holes of the roof are tightly plugged, a water storage test is carried out, water is discharged onto the roof, the highest point water height of the roof is not less than 20mm, the water storage time is not less than 24 hours, and after no leakage or no water leakage phenomenon is confirmed, the construction of a waterproof protective layer can be carried out, and the water storage is carried out twice in the project due to the large area of the roof;
4.3.4 construction of reinforcing bar protective layer
The waterproof protective layer under the planting soil adopts fine aggregate concrete with the strength grade of C20 and the thickness of 70mm, is provided with a bidirectional phi 6@150 reinforcing mesh sheet, adopts the processed reinforcing mesh sheet, the thickness is controlled by a cushion block, the reinforcing mesh sheet is strictly prohibited to be trodden during construction, when the concrete is constructed, the vibration is required to be compact, the thickness is uniform and consistent, the surface is leveled after being subjected to surface slurrying, the water is collected and then is calendered again, the mesh division is carried out according to 6x6m, and after the maintenance period, the sealing is carried out by elastic sealing paste for tight sealing;
root separation layer:
the root separation layer mainly has the function of preventing the root system of the plant from damaging the waterproof layer, and generally a PVC (polyvinyl chloride) shaped hydrophobic plate is adopted as an isolation layer, so that the root separation effect can be realized when a fine aggregate concrete or reinforced fine aggregate concrete waterproof protective layer is adopted, but different root separation measures are selected according to the developed degree of the root system of the plant;
an accumulation layer:
the water draining layer may be haydite, crushed stone, coarse sand, pebble or foamed polyvinyl chloride plastic layer, and has thickness and height of water draining port determined based on the drought and water resisting requirement of the plant, generally about 300 mm;
isolation layer:
the main function of the soil isolation layer is to prevent the loss of planting soil and organic medium, before covering the planting soil, non-woven fabric or geotextile should be laid on the water drainage (storage) layer, the lap length of the fabric should be no less than 200mm, and the periphery is turned upwards until the structure layer is fixed, so as to prevent the soil from entering the water drainage (storage) layer;
and (3) construction of a planting soil layer:
the planting soil layer is prepared by doping one part of peat into two parts of common soil to prepare a mixer, so that the roof load can be reduced, the plant growth is facilitated, the cost is low, the soil layer thickness is determined according to the type and specification of the plant, the soil layer thickness of the small arbor is not less than 60cm, the small shrub soil layer thickness planting soil layer is transported by a tower crane during construction, the small shrub soil layer thickness planting soil layer is dispersedly stacked on a plastic water storage layer paved with geotechnical non-woven fabrics and is manually laid, the virtual pavement thickness of the soil can be 10cm higher than the design thickness, and the thickness after water spraying meets the design requirement;
the planting time of the plants is determined according to the requirements of various plants on the climate conditions, and the plants are planted in spring or late autumn with abundant rainwater as much as possible;
all metal shells are provided with good lightning protection grounding devices, and the ports of electrical appliance pipelines and open-air equipment which are applied in the planting soil in a hidden way are provided with waterproof and anti-seepage sealing measures;
quality control:
(1) impervious concrete not lower than C20P6 is applied to the beam-slab structure of the basement, the tree pit, the drainage ditch, the bottom and the side of the flower bed, and should be poured once, horizontal construction joints should not be left, otherwise, water stopping measures should be taken;
(2) before the waterproof concrete top plate is poured, the template is required to be wetted, dust on the template is cleaned up, cleanness is guaranteed, no water is accumulated, and the integral waterproof quality of the top plate structure is improved;
(3) the components such as the inverted beam, the tree pit, the drainage ditch, the side wall of the flower bed and the like on the top plate of the basement are all provided with water stop bolts when the template is installed;
(4) the reserved holes, embedded parts, electric appliances, water supply and drainage pipelines and the like on the top plate of the basement are pre-embedded before concrete pouring, and holes and grooves cannot be punched after the construction of the structure and the waterproof layer is finished; the pipelines of the water supply and drainage system are installed before the waterproof layer is constructed, and are tested to be qualified through pressure test, and the sealing treatment of various pipeline nodes is carried out by secondary plugging of waterproof sleeves;
(5) The concrete test blocks are kept according to the specification, each 100 cubic meters of the concrete test blocks are not less than 1 group of compression-resistant test blocks and 1 group of anti-permeability test blocks, the test blocks are sent to qualified detection monomers for detection after the test blocks are expired, and finally, qualified reports are filed;
(6) the supporting system is independently arranged according to the requirement for treating the top plate post-cast strip, after the strength of the concrete on two sides reaches the design requirement, the concrete floating slurry on two sides is chiseled out, and the micro-expansion waterproof concrete with a higher mark number is used for pouring and vibrating, and the heat preservation and moisture preservation maintenance is carried out for not less than 14 days;
(7) after the top concrete structure of the basement is completed, water storage, water spraying tests and post-rain inspection are carried out in time, the found leakage points are repaired by a reliable method, and the local defect positions of the structure are recorded so as to increase an additional waterproof layer locally;
(8) sealant is embedded between the periphery of the pipeline penetrating through the top plate and the structure, concrete with the height not less than 200 and the size 100mm larger than that of the pipeline is poured at the root of the pipeline to fix the pipeline and serve as a protective layer of the sealant and a base layer of a waterproof layer;
(6) the slope layer and the leveling layer of the roof are suitable to be poured at one time, and the corners of the members such as the inverted beam, the pit, the ditch, the pool and the like are all made into circular arcs with the diameter not less than 100 mm;
(7) after the waterproof layer is finished, curing is carried out according to the characteristics of the SBS modified asphalt coiled material, finished product protection is well done, after the waterproof layer is qualified through secondary water storage or water spraying test, a fine aggregate concrete waterproof protective layer is constructed as soon as possible, and the detailed method and the node treatment of the waterproof layer refer to the detailed method standard manual of Shanghai BaoMeta 2019 edition;
(8) the waterproof coiled material is laid along the long edge direction from one side to the other side, and the waterproof coiled material is pressed flat by using an adhesive or a waterproof special adhesive material and applying a roller or a long row of brushes until the adhesive overflows all around. After the lower layer coiled material is completely laid, a supervision unit is required to report for concealed acceptance check, quality problems such as hollowing, cracking and the like cannot occur, and waterproof construction of a second layer of puncture-resistant coiled material is performed after the lower layer coiled material is qualified;
(9) the water discharge ports of various management pipelines such as a water discharge pipe opening, a water overflow pipe opening, a reversed beam water passing opening and the like arranged on the top plate of the basement are provided with steel wire meshes or stainless steel wire meshes which are made into convex balls to cover the pipe openings, and coarse and fine aggregate water filtering layers of sand stones and sand pebbles are piled on the inner sides of the pipes to prevent the loss of planting soil and organic media and prevent impurities and sundries from blocking the pipes and polluting the environment;
(10) the square or pedestrian passage, the drainage ditch and the retaining wall on the top plate are finished before the waterproof layer construction if the square or pedestrian passage, the drainage ditch and the retaining wall cannot be poured with structural concrete simultaneously or brick masonry is adopted, so as to ensure the integrity and continuity of the roof waterproof layer;
(11) the thickness and the quality of the planting medium filled in various planting areas meet the design requirements, the planting medium is preferably viscous soil with good water retention, the surface of the planting soil is preferably flat, a slope of 1-3% is designed, and the planting medium is preferably 30-100mm lower than the surrounding retaining wall;
(12) before planting the green plants, digging tree pools and tree pits according to a drawing, thickening soil locally to ensure higher survival rate of the seedlings, righting, immediately supporting four sides, and arranging special persons for regular maintenance and inspection;
(13) the planted roof should select ornamental plants such as flowers, grasses, vines, small trees and the like with strong adaptability, drought resistance, barren resistance and pleasure, and should not select arbors, shrubs, ficus auriculata, cedar and other species with strong root system penetrability and weak wind resistance;
note that:
(1) the waterproof grade and the fortification standard of the planted roof meet the design and specification requirements, reliable measures of rigidity and flexibility, multiple fortification and node sealing are adopted, and the waterproof grade of the planted roof is preferably grade I and is not lower than grade II; the waterproof layer is an environment-friendly waterproof coiled material which is corrosion-resistant, poison-rot-resistant, puncture-resistant and free of leaching harmful substances;
(2) the waterproof fine stone concrete protective layer of the roof, the concrete should be dense, the surface is screeded and polished, and set up the dividing joint, the dividing area is not greater than 36 square meters, but should not set up the dividing joint in the concrete protective layer under the planting area;
(3) the rainwater system that municipal administration was discharged in infiltration, the rainwater that planting roofing escape canal, outlet, spillway hole and planting surface gathered should concentrate all around prevents dirty roof beam environment. The quantity of the rainwater openings and the diameter of the drainage pipe are set, so that the drainage requirement of the maximum rainfall in unit time in rainy seasons can be met;
(4) the lightning protection grounding system of the planted roof fully considers the lightning protection requirement of the height of the planted trees;
(5) obvious marks are arranged on lawn lamps, lawn music equipment and water and electric pipelines which are buried in planting medium soil so as to be convenient for overhaul and maintenance;
(6) when the planting soil roof is covered with planting soil, a decorative surface layer is constructed, and flowers, plants and trees are planted, the waterproof layer is prevented from being damaged;
(7) after the waterproof layer and the waterproof protective layer of the roof are constructed, the waterproof layer and the waterproof nodes of the roof are protected by paying attention to, punching holes and punching holes on the waterproof layer of the roof are strictly forbidden, the impact of heavy objects is avoided, and sundries cannot be randomly stacked on the waterproof layer of the roof and structures cannot be added;
(8) for various installed pipelines, the end ports of the pipelines are sealed firstly, so that sundries are prevented from falling into the pipelines to block water pipes in the subsequent process construction, the pipelines are dredged immediately after the construction, smoothness of the pipelines is guaranteed, and meanwhile the sundries are cleaned regularly to guarantee smoothness of a roof drainage system.
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| CN113931384A (en) * | 2021-09-16 | 2022-01-14 | 中交第四公路工程局有限公司 | Construction method for steel structure pressure relief roof |
| CN114370551A (en) * | 2022-01-13 | 2022-04-19 | 四川航天拓达玄武岩纤维开发有限公司 | Pipeline repairing method and application thereof |
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