CN112676528A - Water drop type shell double-head hot extrusion pipe material forming tool die and forming process - Google Patents
Water drop type shell double-head hot extrusion pipe material forming tool die and forming process Download PDFInfo
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- CN112676528A CN112676528A CN202011505935.7A CN202011505935A CN112676528A CN 112676528 A CN112676528 A CN 112676528A CN 202011505935 A CN202011505935 A CN 202011505935A CN 112676528 A CN112676528 A CN 112676528A
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 79
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- 238000001192 hot extrusion Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 46
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims description 45
- 239000011257 shell material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 81
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract description 12
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009795 derivation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010720 hydraulic oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention relates to a water drop type shell double-end hot extrusion pipe material forming tool die, which comprises: the pressing head is fixed on the upper template of the forging press and can be contacted and pressed with the upper end of the water drop type shell material; the female die comprises an upper female die and a lower female die, the upper female die is fixedly connected with the lower female die, the upper female die is provided with a first die cavity which is communicated up and down, the lower female die is provided with a second die cavity which is communicated up and down, and the first die cavity and the second die cavity are communicated to form a die cavity of the water drop type shell pipe material; the core rod penetrates through a hole in the center of the bottom end of the lower concave die and enters the second cavity; the die sleeve is fixed on the workbench of the forging press, the female die is arranged in the die sleeve, the top end of the upper female die is fixedly connected with the top of the die sleeve through the pressing ring, and the size of the through hole of the pressing ring is equal to that of the opening of the first cavity. By the arrangement, the problems of low raw material utilization rate, high requirement on the tonnage of equipment, high energy consumption of unit products, high loss of tooling dies and large subsequent cutting allowance of blanks when the water drop type shell is produced and processed by a traditional forming mode are solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of forming of a double-end hot extrusion pipe material of a water drop type shell, in particular to a forming tool die and a forming process of the double-end hot extrusion pipe material of the water drop type shell.
Background
At present, water drop type shells are mostly thin-wall hollow parts similar to water drops in shape, because the wall thickness of products is small, all parts are smooth in transition, the height and the diameter are large, when the water drop type shells are actually produced and manufactured, a hollow blank is generally formed by hot extrusion of bars, the processing mode has high requirements on equipment stroke and tonnage, and the shells which cannot be formed by extrusion of parts are even directly formed by machining the bars, so that great waste of raw materials and energy is caused, the efficiency of subsequent processing is seriously influenced, and the manufacturing cost of the products is high. The current production and manufacturing mode has the following defects:
(1) the utilization rate of raw materials is low: the processing utilization rate of the bar is about 10 percent, the traditional forging forming utilization rate is about 60 percent, and the actual processing loss is extremely high due to high price of raw materials of shell products;
(2) the requirement on equipment is high: the common oil press with the pressure of 2000 tons and the stroke of 2 meters can only process products with the diameter of 200 and the length of 1 meter, and the requirements on equipment parameters are exponentially increased along with the increase of the diameter and the length;
(3) unit product energy consumption is high: the traditional hot extrusion process needs to be integrally heated to about 1100 ℃, and the power consumption accounts for more than 1/3 of the cost of the extrusion forming process;
(4) the tooling die consumes much: under the traditional hot extrusion process, the pressure required by forming is higher, the raw material needs to be subjected to internal complex metal flow forming, the consumption of a die is high, and the cost of the extrusion forming process is about 20%;
(5) the subsequent cutting allowance of the blank is large: the traditional hot extrusion process has the defects that the reserved wall thickness of a blank is large due to process limitation, large processing amount is brought to subsequent machining, and the machining efficiency is low.
Therefore, how to solve the problems of low utilization rate of raw materials, high requirement on the tonnage of equipment, high energy consumption of unit products, large loss of tooling dies and large subsequent cutting allowance of blanks when the water drop type shell is produced and processed by using the traditional forming mode becomes an important technical problem to be solved by professionals in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a forming tool die and a forming process for a double-head hot extrusion pipe material of a water drop type shell, which aim to solve the problems of low utilization rate of raw materials, high requirement on tonnage of equipment, high energy consumption of unit products, large loss of the tool die and large subsequent cutting allowance of blanks when the existing water drop type shell is produced and processed by using a traditional forming mode.
The invention relates to a forming tool die and a forming process for a double-head hot extrusion pipe material of a water drop type shell, which adopt the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides a water droplet type casing double-end hot extrusion pipe material shaping frock mould, includes:
the pressing head is fixed on the upper template of the forging press and can be contacted and pressed with the upper end of the water drop type shell material;
the female die comprises an upper female die and a lower female die, the upper female die is fixedly connected with the lower female die, the upper female die is provided with a first cavity communicated up and down, the lower female die is provided with a second cavity communicated up and down, and the first cavity is communicated with the second cavity to form a die cavity of the water drop type shell pipe material;
the mandrel penetrates through a hole in the center of the bottom end of the lower female die and enters the second cavity;
the die sleeve is fixed on a workbench of a forging press, the female die is arranged in the die sleeve, the top end of the upper female die is fixedly connected with the top of the die sleeve through a pressing ring, and the size of the through hole of the pressing ring is equal to that of the opening of the first cavity.
Preferably, a cushion block is further arranged between the bottom of the female die and the bottom of the die sleeve.
Preferably, the press ring is fixedly connected with the top of the die sleeve through a bolt.
Preferably, the tooling die is provided with a first female die for forming a first end of the water drop type shell pipe material or a second female die for forming a second end of the water drop type shell pipe material.
Preferably, the blank ejection device further comprises an ejector rod for ejecting the blank out of the female die, the ejector rod penetrates through the cushion block and is fixed with the bottom of the core rod, and the ejector rod is connected with a power source.
A water-drop shell double-head hot extrusion pipe material forming process adopts the forming tool die set in any one of the above steps, and comprises the following steps:
s1: pre-forging the first end of the water drop type shell pipe material through a forging press;
s2: the first end of the water drop type shell pipe material is subjected to finish forging through a forging press;
s3: and finally forging the second end of the water drop type shell pipe material through a forging press.
Preferably, the step S1 includes:
s11: heating a required deformation area of the first end of the water drop type shell pipe material, and loading the first end of the heated water drop type shell pipe material into a tooling die provided with a first female die;
s12: upsetting the first end pre-form of the water drop type shell pipe material through a forging press.
Preferably, the step S3 includes:
s31: heating a required deformation area of the second end of the water drop type shell pipe material, and loading the second end of the heated water drop type shell pipe material into a tooling die provided with a second concave die;
s32: and hot extruding and forming the second end of the water drop type shell pipe material by a forging press.
Preferably, the forging press is provided as an oil press.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: a water-drop shell double-end hot extrusion pipe material forming tool mold and a forming process are disclosed, wherein the tool forming mold comprises a pressure head, a female mold, a core rod and a mold sleeve, the pressure head is fixed on an upper mold plate of an oil press and plays a role in positioning the upper end of a water-drop shell pipe material; the die sleeve is fixed on a workbench of an oil press, the upper female die, the lower female die and the die cushion block are assembled and then are arranged in the die sleeve, and then the female die is tightly pressed and fixed in the die sleeve through the pressing ring, so that the effects of limiting metal flow and obtaining a blank with an expected shape are mainly achieved; the core rod is fixed on the ejector rod and then placed in the die cavity, and the core rod mainly plays a role in limiting the forming shape of the inner hole at the small end of the water drop type shell and ejecting a blank. The double-head hot extrusion pipe material forming process of the water drop type shell comprises three steps by matching the tool die: s1: pre-forging the first end of the water drop type shell pipe material through a forging press; s2: the first end of the water drop type shell pipe material is subjected to finish forging through a forging press; s3: and finally forging the second end of the water drop type shell pipe material through a forging press. By the process and the tooling die, the drop shell can be formed by hot extrusion, and the utilization rate of raw materials can reach 80%; the process can greatly reduce the pressure required by product forming, only needs local heating and then upsetting or reducing diameter, and actually measures that the extrusion force is reduced to 1/3 compared with the traditional bar hot extrusion; the process only needs to heat the pipe materials at the parts participating in extrusion deformation, the weight of the heated part of the blank is only about 1/2 of the traditional process, and the energy consumption is greatly reduced; the inner hole of the tube stock in the hot extrusion process of the process is free to deform, the extrusion force is greatly reduced, meanwhile, the traditional process design of forming the inner hole by a male die is not needed, the consumption of a corresponding die is greatly reduced, and the unit consumption of the die is reduced by more than 80%; the uniform allowance of the blank under the process is about 3-5mm at a single side, the subsequent machining efficiency is greatly improved, and the actual measurement machining efficiency is improved by more than 30%. The tooling die and the process have the advantages of high utilization rate of raw materials, low requirement on equipment parameters, low energy consumption, low consumption of the tooling die and small subsequent machining cutting allowance.
It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the application.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the present application and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the application.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a forming tool die for a double-head hot extrusion pipe material of a water drop type shell in the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of the forming process of the double-head hot extrusion tube of the water drop type shell in the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a flowchart illustrating a process of pre-forging a first end of a drop type casing tube according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a flowchart of the second end finish forging process for water drop type casing pipe in the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram showing a structural change of a material forming process of the water drop type shell in the embodiment of the invention.
In the figure:
1-pressing head, 2-pressing ring, 3-bolt, 4-upper concave die, 5-lower concave die, 6-die sleeve, 7-core rod, 8-ejector rod, 9-cushion block and 10-water drop type shell pipe material.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Hereinafter, embodiments will be described with reference to the drawings. The embodiments described below do not limit the contents of the invention described in the claims. The entire contents of the configurations shown in the following embodiments are not limited to those required as solutions of the inventions described in the claims.
Referring to fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a forming tooling mold for a double-head hot-extrusion pipe material of a water drop type shell, including:
the pressing head 1 is fixed on an upper template of the forging press, can be contacted and pressed with the upper end of the water drop type shell pipe material 10, and plays a role in positioning the upper end of the pipe material;
the female die comprises an upper female die 4 and a lower female die 5, the upper female die 4 is fixedly connected with the lower female die 5, the upper female die 4 is provided with a first cavity which is communicated up and down, the lower female die 5 is provided with a second cavity which is communicated up and down, and the first cavity and the second cavity are communicated to form a die cavity of the water drop type shell pipe material 10; the shape design of the die cavity is matched with the preset processing shape of the water drop type shell; in this embodiment, the bottom end of the upper female die 4 is provided with a cavity, and the top of the lower female die 5 is fixed with the cavity in an interference fit manner, but may also be fixed in other manners, which is not specifically limited herein, and is specifically determined according to the circumstances;
the core rod 7 penetrates through a hole in the center of the bottom end of the lower female die 5 to enter the second cavity, and mainly plays a role in limiting the forming shape of the inner hole in the small end of the water drop type shell pipe material 10 and ejecting a blank;
die sleeve 6 fixes on the forging press workstation, and the die setting is in die sleeve 6, goes up the top of die 4 and passes through clamping ring 2 and 6 top fixed connection of die sleeve, and the through-hole size of clamping ring 2 equals with the opening size of first die cavity, preferably, for the steadiness of structure, clamping ring 2 passes through bolt 3 fixed connection with 6 tops of die sleeve.
By the arrangement, the problems that the conventional water drop type shell is produced and processed in a traditional forming mode, the raw material utilization rate is low, the requirement on the tonnage of equipment is high, the energy consumption of a unit product is high, the loss of a tooling die is large, and the follow-up cutting allowance of a blank is large are solved.
In the preferred scheme of this embodiment, a cushion block 9 is further arranged between the bottom of the female die and the bottom of the die sleeve 6, the upper female die 4, the lower female die 5 and the cushion block 9 are assembled according to the position shown in fig. 1 and then are installed in the die sleeve 6, and then the female die is tightly pressed and fixed on the die sleeve 6 by using the pressing ring 2 and the fixing bolt 3, which is the core of the tooling die and can limit the metal flow to obtain a blank with a preset shape.
The tooling die in the embodiment further comprises an ejector rod 8 used for ejecting the blank out of the female die, the ejector rod 8 penetrates through the cushion block 9 to be fixed with the bottom of the core rod 7, and the ejector rod 8 is connected with a power source. When one end or two ends of the water drop type shell pipe material 10 are processed, the power source drives the ejector rod 8, and the ejector rod 8 drives the core rod 7 to eject the blank out of the die cavity. The power source is not particularly limited and may be sufficient as the case may be.
It should be noted that, because both ends of the water drop type shell pipe 10 need to be molded by a mold, the tooling mold is provided with a first female mold for molding the first end of the water drop type shell pipe 10 or a second female mold for molding the second end of the water drop type shell pipe 10, a mold cavity of the first female mold is matched with the predetermined molding shape of the first end of the water drop type shell pipe 10, and the second female mold is matched with the predetermined molding shape of the second end of the water drop type shell pipe 10.
The specific embodiment further provides a forming process of the double-head hot extrusion pipe material of the water drop type shell, which adopts the forming tool die in the embodiment, and as shown in fig. 2, the forming process comprises the following steps:
s1: pre-forging the first end of the water drop type shell pipe material through a forging press;
s2: the first end of the water drop type shell pipe material is subjected to finish forging through a forging press;
s3: and finally forging the second end of the water drop type shell pipe material through a forging press.
As shown in fig. 3, step S1 includes:
s11: heating a required deformation area of the first end of the water drop type shell pipe material, and loading the first end of the heated water drop type shell pipe material into a tooling die provided with a first female die;
s12: upsetting the first end pre-form of the water drop type shell tube material through a forging press.
The first end of the water drop type shell pipe material is heated, upsetting is carried out through a forging press, a part of the product with the wall thickness being increased sharply is preformed, the phenomenon that the product is difficult to form through one-time extrusion is prevented, and other parts with basically uniform wall thicknesses are not heated and do not participate in deformation. And then heating all the required deformation areas of the first end of the water drop type shell pipe material, and finally forging the first end of the water drop type shell pipe material by a forging press to finally form the product into a preset structure by hot extrusion.
As shown in fig. 4, step S3 includes:
s31: heating a required deformation area of the second end of the water drop type shell pipe material, and loading the second end of the heated water drop type shell pipe material into a tooling die provided with a second concave die;
s32: and hot extruding the second end of the water drop type shell pipe material into a preset structure through a forging press.
Preferably, the forging press is configured as an oil press, and the oil press is a machine which completes certain mechanical actions as productivity by using special hydraulic oil as a working medium and using a hydraulic pump as a power source. The oil press has the advantages of easy obtainment of larger total pressure, larger working space, larger working stroke, stable work, small impact and vibration, convenient pressure and speed regulation, simple structure and the like.
In the scheme, as shown in fig. 5, firstly, the small end of a water drop type shell pipe 10 needs to be heated, the pipe is pre-forged corresponding to the position with the severely changed wall thickness, the pipe is locally heated corresponding to the length position, and the pipe is put into a die cavity for pre-forging and upsetting in a step S1 to obtain a pre-forged blank with enough wall thickness; then heating all areas of the small end which need to be deformed, transferring to a working procedure S2, putting into a die cavity of a first female die, carrying out finish forging forming on the small end to obtain a blank with a preset shape, and driving an ejector rod 8 by a power source to eject the blank formed by the small end out of the die cavity; and finally, heating the area of the large end of the water drop type shell pipe material 10 needing to be deformed, transferring to the step S3, and placing into the die cavity of a second female die for finish forging and forming the large end. Finally, the expected shell blank is obtained.
By the process and the tooling die, the drop shell can be formed by hot extrusion, and the utilization rate of raw materials can reach 80%; the process can greatly reduce the pressure required by product forming, only needs local heating and then upsetting or reducing diameter, and actually measures that the extrusion force is reduced to 1/3 compared with the traditional bar hot extrusion; the process only needs to heat the pipe materials at the parts participating in extrusion deformation, the weight of the heated part of the blank is only about 1/2 of the traditional process, and the energy consumption is greatly reduced; the inner hole of the tube stock in the hot extrusion process of the process is free to deform, the extrusion force is greatly reduced, meanwhile, the traditional process design of forming the inner hole by a male die is not needed, the consumption of a corresponding die is greatly reduced, and the unit consumption of the die is reduced by more than 80%; the uniform allowance of the blank under the process is about 3-5mm at a single side, the subsequent machining efficiency is greatly improved, and the actual measurement machining efficiency is improved by more than 30%. The tooling die and the process have the advantages of high utilization rate of raw materials, low requirement on equipment parameters, low energy consumption, low consumption of the tooling die and small subsequent machining cutting allowance. The derivation process of the beneficial effect is substantially similar to the derivation process of the beneficial effect brought by the tooling die, and therefore, the description is omitted here.
It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," and the like, as used herein, are not intended to limit the specific order, but merely to distinguish one element or function from another. The terms "upper" and "lower" are used herein when the tooling mold is in the set-up position as shown in FIG. 1.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
It is understood that the same or similar parts in the above embodiments may be mutually referred to, and the same or similar parts in other embodiments may be referred to for the content which is not described in detail in some embodiments.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides a water droplet type casing double-end hot extrusion pipe material shaping frock mould which characterized in that includes:
the pressing head is fixed on the upper template of the forging press and can be contacted and pressed with the upper end of the water drop type shell material;
the female die comprises an upper female die and a lower female die, the upper female die is fixedly connected with the lower female die, the upper female die is provided with a first cavity communicated up and down, the lower female die is provided with a second cavity communicated up and down, and the first cavity is communicated with the second cavity to form a die cavity of the water drop type shell pipe material;
the mandrel penetrates through a hole in the center of the bottom end of the lower female die and enters the second cavity;
the die sleeve is fixed on a workbench of a forging press, the female die is arranged in the die sleeve, the top end of the upper female die is fixedly connected with the top of the die sleeve through a pressing ring, and the size of the through hole of the pressing ring is equal to that of the opening of the first cavity.
2. The forming tool mold of claim 1, wherein a cushion block is further disposed between the bottom of the female mold and the bottom of the die sleeve.
3. The form tooling die of claim 1 wherein the press ring is fixedly attached to the top of the die case by bolts.
4. The forming tooling die of claim 1, wherein the tooling die is provided with a first female die for forming a first end of the drop type shell pipe material or a second female die for forming a second end of the drop type shell pipe material.
5. The forming tool die of claim 2, further comprising an ejector rod for ejecting the blank out of the cavity die, wherein the ejector rod passes through the cushion block and is fixed to the bottom of the core rod, and the ejector rod is connected with a power source.
6. A water drop type shell double-head hot extrusion pipe material forming process adopts the forming tool die as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, and is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: pre-forging the first end of the water drop type shell pipe material through a forging press;
s2: the first end of the water drop type shell pipe material is subjected to finish forging through a forging press;
s3: and finally forging the second end of the water drop type shell pipe material through a forging press.
7. The forming process of claim 6, wherein said step S1 includes:
s11: heating a required deformation area of the first end of the water drop type shell pipe material, and loading the first end of the heated water drop type shell pipe material into a tooling die provided with a first female die;
s12: upsetting the first end pre-form of the water drop type shell pipe material through a forging press.
8. The forming process of claim 6, wherein said step S3 includes:
s31: heating a required deformation area of the second end of the water drop type shell pipe material, and loading the second end of the heated water drop type shell pipe material into a tooling die provided with a second concave die;
s32: and hot extruding and forming the second end of the water drop type shell pipe material by a forging press.
9. The forming process of claim 6, wherein the forging press is configured as an oil press.
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Cited By (3)
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| CN115041536A (en) * | 2022-08-16 | 2022-09-13 | 中北大学 | Extrusion forming die and method for conical cabin with end frame |
| CN116393536A (en) * | 2023-05-24 | 2023-07-07 | 沈阳航空航天大学 | Extrusion molding method and equipment for pipes with continuously variable wall thickness |
| CN116809833A (en) * | 2023-05-31 | 2023-09-29 | 中南大学 | Precise die forging forming die and method for aluminum alloy special-shaped barrel section |
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| 夏巨谌: "《金属材料精密塑性加工方法》", 30 June 2007, 国防工业出版社 * |
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| CN116393536A (en) * | 2023-05-24 | 2023-07-07 | 沈阳航空航天大学 | Extrusion molding method and equipment for pipes with continuously variable wall thickness |
| CN116809833A (en) * | 2023-05-31 | 2023-09-29 | 中南大学 | Precise die forging forming die and method for aluminum alloy special-shaped barrel section |
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