CN112661790B - Preparation method of dialkyl phosphinate - Google Patents
Preparation method of dialkyl phosphinate Download PDFInfo
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- CN112661790B CN112661790B CN202110008008.2A CN202110008008A CN112661790B CN 112661790 B CN112661790 B CN 112661790B CN 202110008008 A CN202110008008 A CN 202110008008A CN 112661790 B CN112661790 B CN 112661790B
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- Prior art keywords
- reaction
- catalyst
- dialkyl phosphinate
- halogenated
- compound
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- ACVYVLVWPXVTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-M phosphinate Chemical compound [O-][PH2]=O ACVYVLVWPXVTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 39
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- JRMUNVKIHCOMHV-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrabutylammonium bromide Chemical group [Br-].CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC JRMUNVKIHCOMHV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- HRYZWHHZPQKTII-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloroethane Chemical compound CCCl HRYZWHHZPQKTII-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960003750 ethyl chloride Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012752 auxiliary agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- BRLQWZUYTZBJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Epichlorohydrin Chemical compound ClCC1CO1 BRLQWZUYTZBJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 claims 1
- XENVCRGQTABGKY-ZHACJKMWSA-N chlorohydrin Chemical compound CC#CC#CC#CC#C\C=C\C(Cl)CO XENVCRGQTABGKY-ZHACJKMWSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims 1
- -1 quaternary ammonium salt compound Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 21
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium chloride Substances [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- 125000005210 alkyl ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 abstract description 4
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 4
- 150000008052 alkyl sulfonates Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 3
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 150000004996 alkyl benzenes Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229940077388 benzenesulfonate Drugs 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000003444 phase transfer catalyst Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 150000004714 phosphonium salts Chemical group 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 32
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 12
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000004679 31P NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- KTLIMPGQZDZPSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylphosphinic acid Chemical compound CCP(O)(=O)CC KTLIMPGQZDZPSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 3
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 3
- LPFYDEANGXVAOA-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;diethylphosphinate Chemical compound [Na+].CCP([O-])(=O)CC LPFYDEANGXVAOA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- KGENPKAWPRUNIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[chloro(ethyl)phosphoryl]ethane Chemical compound CCP(Cl)(=O)CC KGENPKAWPRUNIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GQAXWUVTNDQEQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-diethylphosphoryloxyethane Chemical compound CCOP(=O)(CC)CC GQAXWUVTNDQEQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SZIFAVKTNFCBPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloroethanol Chemical compound OCCCl SZIFAVKTNFCBPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphur dioxide Chemical compound O=S=O RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- KTLIMPGQZDZPSB-UHFFFAOYSA-M diethylphosphinate Chemical compound CCP([O-])(=O)CC KTLIMPGQZDZPSB-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- VONWDASPFIQPDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl methylphosphonate Chemical compound COP(C)(=O)OC VONWDASPFIQPDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000003700 epoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000000655 nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008520 organization Effects 0.000 description 2
- ACVYVLVWPXVTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphinic acid Chemical group O[PH2]=O ACVYVLVWPXVTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000008301 phosphite esters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 2
- XHXFXVLFKHQFAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoryl trichloride Chemical compound ClP(Cl)(Cl)=O XHXFXVLFKHQFAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AOJFQRQNPXYVLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridin-1-ium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C1=CC=[NH+]C=C1 AOJFQRQNPXYVLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium sulfite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])=O GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- FYSNRJHAOHDILO-UHFFFAOYSA-N thionyl chloride Chemical compound ClS(Cl)=O FYSNRJHAOHDILO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BDZBKCUKTQZUTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl phosphite Chemical compound CCOP(OCC)OCC BDZBKCUKTQZUTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CYTQBVOFDCPGCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl phosphite Chemical compound COP(OC)OC CYTQBVOFDCPGCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HVLLSGMXQDNUAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenyl phosphite Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1OP(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 HVLLSGMXQDNUAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-bis(ethenyl)benzene;1-ethenyl-2-ethylbenzene;styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1.CCC1=CC=CC=C1C=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- PQXKWPLDPFFDJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dimethyloxirane Chemical group CC1OC1C PQXKWPLDPFFDJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NGNBDVOYPDDBFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2,4-di(pentan-2-yl)phenoxy]acetyl chloride Chemical compound CCCC(C)C1=CC=C(OCC(Cl)=O)C(C(C)CCC)=C1 NGNBDVOYPDDBFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LRWZZZWJMFNZIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloro-3-methyloxirane Chemical compound CC1OC1Cl LRWZZZWJMFNZIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ILPIJRLOOVCBRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N CCC(C)O[PH2]=O Chemical compound CCC(C)O[PH2]=O ILPIJRLOOVCBRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UMOKEAYSWVCQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N CCC(CC)O[PH2]=O Chemical compound CCC(CC)O[PH2]=O UMOKEAYSWVCQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical class ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 1
- OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethane Chemical group CC OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical group C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical group OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical group CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical group CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene oxide Chemical group CC1CO1 GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical group C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WJFNISGQJVOUEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N [PH2](OC(CCC)C)=O Chemical compound [PH2](OC(CCC)C)=O WJFNISGQJVOUEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WMDLBGYGXDIVHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [PH2](OC(CCC)CC)=O Chemical compound [PH2](OC(CCC)CC)=O WMDLBGYGXDIVHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003158 alcohol group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000008051 alkyl sulfates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SWLVFNYSXGMGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium bromide Chemical compound [NH4+].[Br-] SWLVFNYSXGMGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001555 benzenes Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 239000003729 cation exchange resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001924 cycloalkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-MICDWDOJSA-N deuterated chloroform Substances [2H]C(Cl)(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-MICDWDOJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CZHYKKAKFWLGJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl phosphite Chemical compound COP([O-])OC CZHYKKAKFWLGJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GOJNABIZVJCYFL-UHFFFAOYSA-M dimethylphosphinate Chemical compound CP(C)([O-])=O GOJNABIZVJCYFL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- NXHKQBCTZHECQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl(methyl)phosphinic acid Chemical compound CCP(C)(O)=O NXHKQBCTZHECQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000816 ethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011552 falling film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen chloride Substances Cl.Cl IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000041 hydrogen chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UWNADWZGEHDQAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N i-Pr2C2H4i-Pr2 Natural products CC(C)CCC(C)C UWNADWZGEHDQAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002045 lasting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical group C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical group CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QWVGKYWNOKOFNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N o-cresol Chemical group CC1=CC=CC=C1O QWVGKYWNOKOFNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- AQSJGOWTSHOLKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphite(3-) Chemical class [O-]P([O-])[O-] AQSJGOWTSHOLKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FAIAAWCVCHQXDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorus trichloride Chemical compound ClP(Cl)Cl FAIAAWCVCHQXDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940051841 polyoxyethylene ether Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920000056 polyoxyethylene ether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036632 reaction speed Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006462 rearrangement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001379 sodium hypophosphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000010265 sodium sulphite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013517 stratification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- CZDYPVPMEAXLPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetramethylsilane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)C CZDYPVPMEAXLPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003613 toluenes Chemical group 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
- C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
- C07F9/06—Phosphorus compounds without P—C bonds
- C07F9/08—Esters of oxyacids of phosphorus
- C07F9/09—Esters of phosphoric acids
- C07F9/11—Esters of phosphoric acids with hydroxyalkyl compounds without further substituents on alkyl
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
- C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
- C07F9/06—Phosphorus compounds without P—C bonds
- C07F9/08—Esters of oxyacids of phosphorus
- C07F9/09—Esters of phosphoric acids
- C07F9/12—Esters of phosphoric acids with hydroxyaryl compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
- C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
- C07F9/28—Phosphorus compounds with one or more P—C bonds
- C07F9/30—Phosphinic acids [R2P(=O)(OH)]; Thiophosphinic acids ; [R2P(=X1)(X2H) (X1, X2 are each independently O, S or Se)]
- C07F9/32—Esters thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of dialkyl phosphinate, which comprises the steps of taking dialkyl phosphinate and halogenated compounds as raw materials, and reacting under the action of a catalyst to obtain the dialkyl phosphinate; the catalyst is one or more of phase transfer catalyst or amphoteric compound, and comprises at least one of cation polyalkyl quaternary ammonium salt compound, cation halogenated polyalkyl quaternary ammonium salt compound, alkyl ammonium chloride, alkyl ammonium bromide, anion alkyl sulfate compound, alkyl sulfonate, alkyl benzene sulfonate, nonionic surfactant, and quaternary phosphonium salt. Compared with the traditional synthesis method, the method for synthesizing the dialkyl phosphinate by the one-step method has the advantages of higher yield, less byproducts, easy separation, simple steps, short time consumption, safe and environment-friendly process, lower cost and easier implementation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of preparation of dialkyl phosphinate, and particularly relates to a preparation method of dialkyl phosphinate.
Background
Phosphate is a multipurpose chemical product, wherein phosphite ester and alkyl phosphate are main varieties of organic phosphorus flame retardants, and the phosphate has the advantages of lasting flame retardant effect, good compatibility with polymer base materials, water resistance, weather resistance and the like, so that the phosphate is widely applied to high polymer materials such as polyurethane, epoxy resin, polycarbonate, unsaturated resin and the like.
Phosphites include dimethyl phosphite, trimethyl phosphite, triethyl phosphite, triphenyl phosphite, and the like, and are usually obtained by reacting phosphorus trichloride with a corresponding alcohol or phenol.
Phosphite esters with monoalkyl C-P structures comprise dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP), diethyl ethylphosphate (DEEP) and the like, and are obtained by taking trimethyl phosphite and triethyl phosphite as raw materials through a rearrangement reaction. Meanwhile, the monoalkyl flame retardant is a chemical which is mainly monitored by the International organization for chemical industry inhibition, and the production, the use and the circulation of the monoalkyl flame retardant are all strictly controlled.
The dialkyl phosphinate has a hypophosphorous acid structure in a molecular structure, so that the dialkyl phosphinate also has good flame retardant performance, and the hypophosphorous acid structure is contained in the molecular structure of hypophosphite and organic derivative salt flame retardants which are widely applied at present. And the dialkyl phosphinate does not belong to monitoring chemicals of the International banning mart organization because the dialkyl phosphinate does not contain a monoalkyl structure, and has wide prospects in subsequent development. However, the development and application of the compound at home and abroad are late, the compound is just started, the published and reported chemical structures are few, the synthesis method mainly comprises the reaction of phosphorus oxychloride and alcohol or epoxy compound (such as the patent technology with the publication number of CN 112028932A) or other methods (such as the patent technology with the publication number of CN 103965511A) and the like, the synthesis process is long, the process is complicated, the reaction pressure is high, the requirement on equipment is high, the used monomer is expensive, the cost is high, a large amount of highly-polluted halogen acid and flammable and explosive organic matters are by-produced, and the process is not environment-friendly and unsafe. Therefore, there is a need to develop a novel synthesis process to solve the problems faced by the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems and the defects existing in the field, the invention provides the preparation method of the dialkyl phosphinate, the dialkyl phosphinate is synthesized by adopting the dialkyl phosphinate and the halogenated compound as raw materials through a one-step method, and compared with the traditional synthesis method, the method has the advantages of higher yield, fewer byproducts, easiness in separation, simple steps, short consumed time, safe and environment-friendly process, lower cost and easiness in implementation.
A preparation method of dialkyl phosphinate ester comprises the steps of taking dialkyl phosphinate and halogenated compounds as raw materials, and reacting under the action of a catalyst to obtain the dialkyl phosphinate ester;
the reaction process is as follows:
wherein R is1、R2Are each independently selected from C1-C24Alkyl (including alkanyl, cycloalkyl, etc.), aryl or alkenyl of (A), R3Selected from alkane group, aromatic group, olefin group, epoxy group, alcohol group, phenol group or halogenated group, M is metal element, X is halogen, M is valence number of metal element M, and n is an integer of 1-3.
The catalyst is one or more of a phase transfer catalyst or an amphoteric compound, and comprises at least one of a cation polyalkyl quaternary ammonium salt compound, a cation halogenated polyalkyl quaternary ammonium salt compound, alkyl ammonium chloride, alkyl ammonium bromide, an anion alkyl sulfate compound, alkyl sulfonate, alkyl benzene sulfonate, a nonionic surfactant and quaternary phosphonium salt.
In the preparation method of the invention, the reactant dialkyl hypophosphite is solid, the halogenated compound is usually liquid, the liquid-solid reaction under the action of the catalyst is realized, the target product is prepared by the one-step method, the conversion rate is high, the by-product except the target compound is inorganic halogenated metal salt, the dialkyl hypophosphite is liquid, the by-product metal salt is insoluble in the halogenated compound and the dialkyl hypophosphite, exists in the reaction system in a solid form and is easy to separate from the target product, the halogenated metal salt has small harm to the environment, the combustion and explosion can not occur, the process is environment-friendly and safe, and the defects of the traditional synthesis process are overcome. In addition, the halogenated compound can be extracted from the product through a simple mode such as negative pressure evaporation and the like, on one hand, the halogenated compound can be recycled, and on the other hand, the purity of the target product dialkyl phosphinate is ensured.
The dialkylphosphinic salts can be selected in particular from: dimethyl phosphinate, diethyl phosphinate, methylethylphosphinate, di-n-propyl phosphinate, diisopropyl phosphinate, methylpropyl phosphinate, ethylpropyl phosphinate, di-n-butyl phosphinate, di-sec-butyl phosphinate, diisobutyl phosphinate, di-tert-butyl phosphinate, methylbutyl phosphinate, ethylbutyl phosphinate, di-n-octyl phosphinate, diisooctyl phosphinate, and phosphinates of other alkane groups within 24 carbons, and the like.
M is preferably at least one selected from sodium, potassium, calcium, aluminum, magnesium, zinc and barium.
The halogenated compound may be chosen in particular from: halogenated methane, halogenated ethane, halogenated propane, halogenated butane, halogenated ethylene oxide, halogenated propylene oxide, halogenated methyl propylene oxide, halogenated butylene oxide, halogenated methanol, halogenated ethanol, halogenated butanol, halogenated ethylene, halogenated propylene, halogenated benzene, halogenated toluene, halogenated phenol, halogenated methyl phenol, and other halogenated aromatic groups, olefins, epoxy groups, alcohols, phenol groups, and the like.
X is preferably selected from one or more of fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine.
The preparation method of the invention has extremely low conversion rate when no catalyst is added, and does not have industrialized production conditions. Preferably, the catalyst comprises at least one of polyalkyl ammonium chloride, polyalkyl ammonium bromide, alkyl sulfate, alkyl sulfonate, alkylbenzene sulfonate, fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether, alkylphenol ethoxylates, alkyl phosphate and polyhydric alcohol. The polyol includes ethylene glycol and the like.
The temperature of the reaction is preferably 40 to 150 ℃ and more preferably 100 to 150 ℃.
The pressure of the reaction may be negative pressure, normal pressure or pressure greater than one atmosphere, preferably 0 to 5MPa, and more preferably greater than one atmosphere and not greater than 5 MPa.
The reaction time can be selected by the person skilled in the art according to the actual need. Alternatively, the reaction time may be adjusted depending on the catalyst, the reaction temperature, the desired degree of reaction, and the like. In general, the reaction can be completed within 0.5 to 20 hours at a higher reaction speed; alternatively, the reaction time is from 1 to 10 hours.
The molar ratio of the dialkylphosphinic salt to the halogenated compound is preferably 1:0.1-10, more preferably 1: 1.01-5.
Preferably, the catalyst is used in an amount of 0.001 wt% to 10 wt% of the amount of the dialkylphosphinic salt. Further preferably, the amount of the catalyst is 0.1 wt% to 5.0 wt% of the amount of the dialkylphosphinic salt.
The preparation method can adopt batch reaction or continuous reaction.
The continuous process may be carried out using a series of reaction apparatus, such as a pipe reactor. And separating the product from the raw material after the reaction is finished, and returning the excessive halogenated compound to the raw material tank to realize continuous reaction.
The batch reaction may be carried out by using a series of reaction apparatuses such as reaction vessels. And separating the product from the raw material after the reaction is finished, and returning the excessive halogenated compound to the raw material tank to realize continuous reaction.
In the present invention, C1-C24Etc. refer to the number of carbon atoms contained in the group.
In the present invention, the "alkyl group" is a group formed by losing any one hydrogen atom on the molecule of the alkane compound. The alkane compound includes straight-chain alkane, branched-chain alkane, cycloalkane and the like.
According to the preparation method, after the dialkyl phosphinate is obtained through reaction, a finished product can be obtained through further purification.
The purification comprises the methods of adding auxiliary agent for reaction, filtering or distilling and the like. Optionally, after the reaction is finished, the product is filtered and distilled to obtain the product. The distillation described herein may be distillation, evaporation; such as reduced pressure distillation, atmospheric distillation, falling film evaporation and the like.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the main advantages that: the invention adopts dialkyl phosphinate and halogenated compound as raw materials to synthesize the compound by a one-step method. The reaction process has the advantages of convenient operation, high reaction yield, little by-product pollution and low preparation cost.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a nuclear magnetic resonance phosphorus spectrum of the product obtained in example 1 (A)31P NMR chart);
FIG. 2 is a nuclear magnetic resonance hydrogen spectrum of the product obtained in example 1 (1H NMR chart);
FIG. 3 is a schematic representation of the NMR spectrum of the product obtained in example 2;
FIG. 4 is a schematic nuclear magnetic resonance hydrogen spectrum of the product obtained in example 2;
FIG. 5 is a schematic representation of the NMR spectrum of the product obtained in example 3;
FIG. 6 is a schematic nuclear magnetic resonance hydrogen spectrum of the product obtained in example 3.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following drawings and specific examples. It should be understood that these examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. The following examples are conducted under conditions not specified, usually according to conventional conditions, or according to conditions recommended by the manufacturer.
Unless otherwise specified, the starting materials were all purchased commercially.
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) testing: the model used was AVANCE DMX 400MHz, Bruker, Switzerland; the test method comprises the following steps:
1h NMR in CDCl3As a solvent, tetramethylsilane as an internal standard;
31p NMR, using deuterated halogenated chloroform as a solvent, using 85% phosphoric acid as an external standard, and scanning for 64 times;
by passing31P NMR and1h NMR can determine the molecular structure of the target product obtained.
In the following examples and comparative examples, the yield was calculated as follows: (product weight/product theoretical weight). times.100%.
EXAMPLE 1 preparation of Compounds having the Structure of formula (I)
Directional dress288g (2mol) of sodium diethylphosphinate and 6.0g of tetrabutylammonium bromide catalyst are added into a pressure kettle with a stirrer and a thermometer, the stirring is started, nitrogen is introduced for three times for replacement, 500g of chloroethane is introduced, the temperature is increased to 110-140 ℃, the temperature is reduced after the stirring is carried out for 10 hours, the evacuation is carried out, the vacuum is started, and the unreacted chloroethane is removed. And filtering and distilling the product to obtain 270g of a finished product, wherein the conversion rate is 90 percent, and the product of the compound shown in the formula (I) is obtained. It is composed of31P NMR and1h NMR is shown in figures 1 and 2 respectively, and the obtained compound has the structure shown in the formula (I) through spectrogram analysis.
Example 2 preparation of a Compound having the Structure of formula (II)
288g (2mol) of sodium diethylphosphinate and 6.0g of tetrabutylammonium bromide catalyst are added into a pressure kettle provided with a stirrer and a thermometer, the stirring is started, nitrogen is introduced for three times for replacement, 550g of chloroethanol is introduced, the temperature is increased to 110-140 ℃, the vacuum is started after the stirring is carried out for 10 hours under the condition of heat preservation, the unreacted chloroethanol is removed, and the temperature is reduced. And filtering and distilling the product to obtain 305g of a finished product, wherein the conversion rate is 92 percent, and the product of the compound shown in the formula (II) is obtained. It is composed of31P NMR and1h NMR is shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, respectively, and the obtained compound can be analyzed from the spectra to have the structure shown in formula (II).
Example 3 preparation of a Compound having the Structure of formula (III)
288g (2mol) of sodium diethylphosphinate, 6.0g of tetrabutylammonium bromide as a catalyst and 600g of epoxy chloropropane are added into a pressure kettle provided with a stirrer and a thermometer, the stirring is started, nitrogen is introduced for replacement for three times, the temperature is increased to 110-. The product is filtered, distilled and purified to obtain 338g of finished product, and the conversion rate is 95 percent to obtain the product shown in the formula (III). It is composed of31P NMR and1h NMR is shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, respectively, and the obtained compound was analyzed to have the structure shown in formula (III).
Comparative example 1
The difference from the example 3 is that no catalyst is added, the rest steps and conditions are the same, the product is filtered and distilled to obtain 10g of finished product, and the conversion rate is 3 percent, thus obtaining the product of the formula (III). It can be seen that if no catalyst is added, the conversion rate of the reaction is very low, and the conditions for industrial production are not met.
Comparative example 2
The traditional process for preparing diethyl ethyl hypophosphite (structural formula (I)) takes diethyl sodium hypophosphite as a raw material, and the preparation process comprises 3 steps:
(1) preparation of diethylhypophosphorous acid
600g of a 30 wt% diethylhypophosphite solution was passed through a cation exchange resin to obtain a diethylhypophosphite solution, which was allowed to stand for stratification, and the oil phase liquid was taken and evaporated to remove water to obtain 140g of diethylhypophosphite in a yield of 91.8%.
(2) Preparation of diethylphosphinic acid chloride
122g of diethyl hypophosphorous acid is heated to 80-90 ℃, 125g of thionyl chloride is added dropwise, and sodium hydroxide solution is used for absorbing the by-product sulfur dioxide and hydrogen chloride to form mixed by-product solution of sodium sulfite and sodium chloride. Dropwise adding for 5 hours, and keeping the temperature for 1 hour. The mixture was purified by distillation under reduced pressure to obtain 121g of diethylphosphinate acid chloride in a yield of 86.1%.
(3) Preparation of ethyl diethylphosphinate
Heating 70g of diethyl phosphoryl chloride to 50-60 ℃, gradually dropwise adding 70g of absolute ethyl alcohol, adding 45g of pyridine dropwise for 4 hours, and keeping the temperature for 1 hour. And filtering out pyridine hydrochloride serving as a byproduct, and carrying out reduced pressure distillation and purification to obtain 64g of finished diethyl phosphinic acid ethyl ester, wherein the yield is 85.4%.
Compared with the example 1, the same target product is prepared from the same raw material, the preparation step of the comparative example 2 is overlong, the yield is 67.5 percent, the yield is far lower than that of the one-step process, and the method has the advantages of more byproducts, larger pollution of the byproducts and no environmental protection.
Furthermore, it should be understood that various changes and modifications can be made by one skilled in the art after reading the above description of the present invention, and equivalents also fall within the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (7)
1. The preparation method of dialkyl phosphinate is characterized in that dialkyl phosphinate and halogenated compound X are usednR3The dialkyl phosphinate is used as a raw material and is obtained by reaction under the action of a catalyst;
the reaction process is as follows:
wherein R is1、R2Are all ethyl, XnR3Selected from chloroethane, chlorohydrin and epichlorohydrin, wherein M is a metal element, X is chlorine, M is the valence number of the metal element M, and n is 1;
the catalyst is tetrabutylammonium bromide.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein M is at least one selected from the group consisting of sodium, potassium, calcium, aluminum, magnesium, zinc, and barium.
3. The process according to claim 1, wherein the reaction is carried out at a temperature of 40 to 150 ℃ under a pressure of 0 to 5MPa for a period of 0.5 to 20 hours.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the molar ratio of dialkylphosphinic salt to halogenated compound is from 1:0.1 to 10.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the catalyst is used in an amount of 0.001 wt% to 10 wt% based on the amount of the dialkylphosphinic salt.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein a batch-type or continuous-type reaction is used.
7. The method according to claim 1, wherein after the reaction to obtain the dialkylphosphinic ester, further purification is performed to obtain a finished product;
the purification comprises the steps of adding an auxiliary agent for reaction, filtering or distilling.
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