CN112655604A - Bionic mixed culture method and system for quasipaa spinosa and acrossocheilus fasciatus - Google Patents

Bionic mixed culture method and system for quasipaa spinosa and acrossocheilus fasciatus Download PDF

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CN112655604A
CN112655604A CN202011553756.0A CN202011553756A CN112655604A CN 112655604 A CN112655604 A CN 112655604A CN 202011553756 A CN202011553756 A CN 202011553756A CN 112655604 A CN112655604 A CN 112655604A
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ditch
water
bionic
spinosa
breeding
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舒妙安
周忆莲
董伟仁
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Zhejiang University ZJU
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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    • Y02A40/00Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/80Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
    • Y02A40/81Aquaculture, e.g. of fish

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Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of aquaculture, and particularly relates to a bionic mixed culture method and a system for Rana spinosa and Acrossocheilus fasciatus, which comprise the following steps: establishing a frog raising pond, constructing a plurality of ditches in a breeding field, wherein each ditch is provided with a water inlet and a water outlet, the water inlets are communicated with the water outlets and have drop heights, and aquatic plants are planted on two sides of each ditch; paving cobblestones in the ditch, and paving polished tiles and/or asbestos tiles on the cobblestones; building enclosing walls by using hollow bricks respectively around the frog raising pond, building a wooden frame on the enclosing walls, and covering a asbestos net on the wooden frame; the middle of the enclosing wall is provided with an air circulation layer so as to realize the air circulation inside and outside the bionic cultivation room; injecting culture water into the ditch to keep the culture water in the ditch in a flowing state; putting and culturing Rana spinosa froglets and Anoplophora guani fries in the ditch; feeding culture baits and performing daily management; the invention can keep the environment of the culture room consistent with the natural environment for the growth of the wild frogs and fishes and promote transformation and upgrading of the bionic culture mode.

Description

Bionic mixed culture method and system for quasipaa spinosa and acrossocheilus fasciatus
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of aquaculture, and particularly relates to a bionic mixed culture method and a system for Rana spinosa and Acrossocheilus fasciatus.
Background
Quasipaa spinosa (Quasipaa spinosa), commonly known as stone frog, is a large wild frog specific in China, grows in the mountain dense forest stream with the elevation of 150-1500 m in south China, has high requirements on the growth environment, favors low temperature, is suitable for the growth of water with the temperature of 20-26 ℃, favors inhabitation in a hidden and quiet place, has long growth period, needs three years when reaching the marketing specification of about 150g, and is one of important cultured frogs in mountainous areas at present. The quasipaa spinosa is tender in meat, delicious and rich in nutrition, is a high-protein and low-fat edible product, and is called as the king of quasipaa spinosa and the best product of mountain delicacies. Besides being eaten, the quasipaa spinosa has medicinal value, is mild in property and sweet in taste, enters heart, liver and lung meridians, and has multiple effects of clearing away heart-fire, moistening lung, nourishing yin, reducing pathogenic fire, strengthening liver and stomach, tonifying deficiency, removing heat and toxic materials and the like. The quasipaa spinosa is a special breeding species integrating edible and medicinal values, is popular with consumers and has higher economic value.
Acrossocheilus fasciatus is mainly distributed in mountainous areas in the south of China, lives in environments with clear water quality and bottoms such as mountain stream and middle and upper reaches of rivers, the fish body side has six stripes, is bright in body color, omnivorous, is favored to eat animal baits such as yellow mealworms, has higher requirements on water quality indexes such as dissolved oxygen, ammonia nitrogen and the like, and is sensitive to water quality change, low in temperature and suitable for growing water at the temperature of 20-28 ℃, so that the Acrossocheilus fasciatus is a famous and precious economic fish in mountainous areas and creeks. The fish is tender in meat quality, delicious in taste and rich in nutrition, is popular with consumers, is slow in growth speed which is generally not more than 80g, needs two years to reach the market specification, and is one of important stream-cultured fishes in mountainous areas at present.
In recent years, under the efforts of science and technology personnel and farmers, the artificial breeding technology of the rana spinosa is mature day by day, the breeding scale is developed quickly, and however, more problems are still encountered in the large-scale breeding process. The quasipaa spinosa likes live baits such as yellow mealworms, the dead yellow mealworms easily cause water pollution, and manual work is needed for cleaning the yellow mealworms. For example, patent document CN102715108B discloses a method for polyculture of frog fish in greenhouse, which can solve the problem of residual bait, but still has the following disadvantages: (1) the method needs underground water to be cooled in high-temperature summer, so that the culture production cost is increased, the greenhouse effect of the greenhouse can cause high-temperature stress, diseases are caused, and the culture survival rate is reduced; (2) the carp mixedly cultured by the method grows fast, the carp is easy to grow to more than 500g in the frog-culturing growth period, the carp is active in sexual mood and large in activity amplitude, and the growth of the carp is influenced by disturbing the happy and quiet quasipaa spinosa easily in the culture process; (3) the carp polycultured by the method has low economic value. Therefore, in order to develop the bionic mixed culture of the Rana spinosa and the Acrossocheilus fasciatus, the improvement is necessary to overcome the defects in practical application.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the above-mentioned disadvantages and shortcomings of the prior art, it is an object of the present invention to at least solve one or more of the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, in other words, to provide a method for ecologically mixing Rana spinosa and Acrossocheilus fasciatus for cultivation, which satisfies one or more of the above-mentioned needs.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a biomimetic hybrid culture system for Rana spinosa and Acrossocheilus fasciatus which satisfies one or more of the above-mentioned needs.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a bionic mixed culture method of Rana spinosa and Acrossocheilus fasciatus comprises the following steps:
(1) establishing a frog raising pond, selecting a raising field, constructing a plurality of ditches in the raising field, wherein each ditch is provided with a water inlet and a water outlet, the water inlets are communicated with the water outlets and have drop heights, and aquatic plants are planted on two sides of each ditch; paving cobblestones in the ditch, and paving polished tiles and/or asbestos tiles on the cobblestones;
(2) establishing an bionic breeding room, constructing enclosing walls by using hollow bricks around the frog-breeding pond, constructing wooden frames on the enclosing walls, and covering asbestos nets on the wooden frames; the middle of the enclosing wall is provided with an air circulation layer so as to realize the air circulation inside and outside the bionic cultivation room;
(3) injecting culture water into the ditch to keep the culture water in the ditch in a flowing state;
(4) putting and culturing Rana spinosa froglets and Anoplophora guani fries in the ditch;
(5) feeding breeding bait and daily management.
Preferably, the air circulation layer is covered with a wire mesh.
As a preferred scheme, the density of the released rana spinosa froglets is 30-40 frogs per square meter, and the specification is 5-10 g; the density of the bare lipped fries cultured in the ditch is 10-20 per square meter, and the specification is 3-5 cm; the stocking time is 3 months per year.
Preferably, the breeding bait is one or more of tenebrio molitor, barley pest, earthworm, fly maggot, cod liver oil and vitamins.
Preferably, the aquatic plant is one or more of calamus, scindapsus aureus, water lily and chlorophytum comosum.
Preferably, the culture water is mountain water or stream water.
As a preferred scheme, the amount of the culture bait fed every time is 3 to 5 percent of the weight of the Rana spinosa.
Preferably, the daily management comprises observing the eating condition and the activity condition of the Rana spinosa and the Acrossocheilus fasciatus every day, and recording the daily feeding amount, the water temperature condition and the disease occurrence condition.
The invention also provides a bionic mixed culture system of Rana spinosa and Acrossocheilus fasciatus, which comprises:
the frog raising pond comprises a plurality of ditches, wherein each ditch is provided with a water inlet and a water outlet, and the water inlets are communicated with the water outlets and have drop heights; paving cobblestones in the ditch, and paving ground tiles and/or asbestos tiles on the cobblestones;
the bionic breeding room is characterized in that a surrounding wall is formed by enclosing the periphery of a frog breeding pond through hollow bricks, a wooden frame is built on the surrounding wall, and the wooden frame is covered with asbestos meshes; the middle of the enclosing wall is provided with an air circulation layer, and the air circulation layer is covered with an iron wire screen.
As a preferred scheme, the ground light bricks and the aquatic plants are uniformly distributed on the two sides of the ditch.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention adopts the bionic facility construction, can keep the culture room environment consistent with the natural ecological environment for the growth of the wild rana spinosa, has high economic value of the polyculture lipsticks, can eat dead animal feeds such as yellow mealworms and the like, improves the utilization efficiency of the feeds, can play a role in cleaning ditches and preventing water quality deterioration, reduces the diseases of the rana spinosa in the culture process, and improves the culture survival rate.
2. According to the invention, by the bionic mixed culture of the rana spinosa and the acrossocheilus fasciatus, the breeding yield of unit area can be improved, the breeding benefit is increased, the green, healthy and sustainable development of the rana spinosa breeding industry is promoted, and the transformation and upgrading of the rana spinosa breeding mode to the bionic breeding mode are accelerated.
3. The invention adopts the horizontally placed hollow bricks to ensure the circulation of air inside and outside the cultivation chamber, and the asbestos net is covered on the top of the cultivation chamber, so that the cultivation tank achieves a ventilated, cool and sunshine-free strong irradiation bionic cultivation environment which is consistent with the field environment, and the defects of multiple diseases caused by high temperature in summer in a greenhouse mixed cultivation mode, cost increase caused by the need of using underground water for cooling and the like are avoided.
4. The invention plants the water plants such as acorus calamus and the like in the culture ditch to provide a natural hidden habitat for the Rana spinosa, and simultaneously plays a role in cooling, thereby fully playing the advantages of the bionic culture room and the ecological polyculture.
5. The acrossocheilus fasciatus has high requirement on water quality, can be used as an indicator organism for indicating the quality of water quality indexes in the culture process, and can early warn the culture water quality to be deteriorated by monitoring the water quality change.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a top view of a frog pond of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a front view of the biomimetic breeding chamber of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a distribution diagram of the enclosure structure of the bionic breeding room of the invention;
in the figure: 1 water inlet, 2 ground light bricks, 3 aquatic plants, 4 water outlets, 5 ditches, 6 asbestos meshes, 7 wooden frames, 8 positive emptying core bricks and 9 transverse emptying hollow bricks.
Detailed Description
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention, the following description will explain the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings. It is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some examples of the invention, and that for a person skilled in the art, other drawings and embodiments can be derived from them without inventive effort.
The first embodiment is as follows:
the embodiment provides a bionic mixed culture method of Rana spinosa and Acrossocheilus fasciatus, which comprises the following steps:
(1) establishing a bionic mixed culture system.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 1 to 3, a cultivation site is selected from the Lishui Longquan in Zhejiang. The bionic breeding system comprises a frog breeding pond and a bionic breeding room, the frog breeding pond comprises a plurality of ditches 5, two ditches are built in the embodiment, each ditch 5 is provided with a water inlet 1 and a water outlet 4, the water inlets 1 are communicated with the water outlets 4 and have a fall, the two sides of each ditch 5 are uniformly provided with ground light bricks 2 and aquatic plants 3, and the ground light bricks 2 and the aquatic plants 3 on the same side of each ditch 5 are distributed at intervals.
The width of each ditch 5 in the bionic breeding room is 2m, the length of each ditch is 30m, the distance between every two ditches 5 is 2.5m, the depth of each water inlet is 1 cm, the depth of each water outlet is 15cm, the depth of each water outlet is 4cm, the fall is 15cm, the water flow in each ditch can be kept in a flowing state all the time, cobblestones are laid on two sides of each ditch 5, and floor tiles 2 with the thickness of 60cm multiplied by 60cm are arranged on the cobblestones, so that a place for inhabiting the Rana spinosa.
Aquatic plants 3, such as acorus calamus, scindapsus aureus, water lily, chlorophytum comosum and the like are planted on two sides of the ditch, and provide a natural hidden habitat for the quasipaa spinosa and play a role in cooling.
Build the enclosure with the hollow brick respectively all around raising the frog pond, the enclosure forms through just piling up hollow brick 8, length 40m, width 10m, the high 2.5m of enclosure, wherein, the centre of enclosure has the circulation of air layer, and the circulation of air layer adopts five layers of horizontal hollow bricks 9, and the circulation of air layer can ensure to breed indoor outer circulation of air, covers with the iron wire screen cloth at the circulation of air layer, prevents in the entering irrigation canals and ditches of mouse, snake, bird etc..
Build wooden frame 7 on the enclosure, wooden frame 7 is cascaded distribution, risees to the centre gradually from the left and right sides of enclosure to form the tile room structure, cover asbestos gauge 6 on the roofing, make the bionical attitude breed room reach the breed environment of ventilation, nice and cool, the no sunshine intense irradiation, with forming bionical breed room, bionical attitude breed room keeps unanimous with field environment, avoids leading to the disease frequently because of summer high temperature under the big-arch shelter polyculture mode, and need utilize groundwater cooling to lead to cost increase etc. not enough.
(2) And (3) injecting culture water into the ditch to keep the culture water in the ditch in a flowing state.
Specifically, the water for cultivation is landscape or creek, and the water body is in a constant flow state, so that the bionic effect is achieved, and the natural ecological environment for growth of wild quasipaa spinosa is achieved. The polycultured ophiocephalophiocephalus has high requirement on water quality, can be used as an indicator organism for indicating the quality of water quality indexes in the culture process, and can early warn the culture water quality to be deteriorated by monitoring the water quality change.
(3) And putting young quasipaa spinosa and young acrossocheilus fasciatus in the ditch for breeding.
Specifically, the stocking density of the quasipaa spinosa froglets is 40 per square meter, and the specification is about 8 g; the density of the bare lipped fries cultured in the ditches is 20 tails, the grids are about 3cm, and the stocking time is 3 months per year.
(4) Feeding breeding bait and daily management.
Specifically, the yellow mealworms are used as baits, baits are fed according to 5% of the weight of the quasipaa spinosa, the baits are preferably slightly remained after ingestion, the amount of the baits is properly increased or decreased according to specific conditions, cod-liver oil, multiple vitamins and the like are added regularly to keep nutritional balance, the baits are fed once a day, the feeding time is generally 17 o 'clock to 18 o' clock in the evening, and the baits are properly fed when the water temperature reaches 15 ℃ in winter. The eating condition, the activity condition and the like of the Rana spinosa and the Acrossocheilus fasciatus are observed every day, and the daily breeding records of the daily feeding amount, the water temperature condition, the disease occurrence condition and the like are made. The quasipaa spinosa and the acrossocheilus fasciatus respectively reach about 150g and 40g and can be sold on the market.
The embodiment adopts the bionic facility construction, so that the environment of a culture room and the natural ecological environment for the growth of the wild rana spinosa can be kept consistent, the economic value of the polycultured Oplophorus fasciatus is high, the animal feeds such as dead yellow mealworms and the like can be ingested, the utilization efficiency of the feeds is improved, the effects of cleaning ditches and preventing the water quality deterioration can be achieved, the diseases of the rana spinosa in the culture process are reduced, and the culture survival rate is improved.
Example two:
the bionic mixed culture system for the Rana spinosa and the Acrossocheilus fasciatus in the embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that:
the frog-cultivating pond of the embodiment is selected from Zhejiang Lishui tunnel Chang, and the bionic cultivation room is 30m in length, 10m in width and 2.5m in height. Cobblestones are laid on two sides of the ditch, and 60cm × 60cm ground tiles and asbestos tiles are laid on the cobblestones to provide habitat for the Rana spinosa.
The bionic mixed culture method of the quasipaa spinosa and the acrossocheilus fasciatus in the embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that:
the stocking density of the quasipaa spinosa froglets in the embodiment is 30 per square meter, and the specification is about 10 g; the density of the bare lipped fries cultured in the ditch is 10 tails, and the specification is about 5 cm. Feeding the quasipaa spinosa with the bait which is 4 percent of the weight of the quasipaa spinosa. The quasipaa spinosa and the acrossocheilus fasciatus respectively reach about 150g and 50g and can be sold on the market.
Other specific structures of the bionic mixed culture system for the rana spinosa and the acrossocheilus fasciatus and the specific implementation steps of the bionic mixed culture method for the rana spinosa and the acrossocheilus fasciatus can be referred to the first embodiment.
EXAMPLE III
The bionic mixed culture system for the Rana spinosa and the Acrossocheilus fasciatus in the embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that:
in the embodiment, the frog culturing pond is built in Hangzhou Zhejiang, the length of the bionic culturing room is 35m, the width of the bionic culturing room is 10m, the height of the enclosing wall is 2.5m, cobblestones are laid on two sides of a ditch, and asbestos tiles of 60cm multiplied by 60cm are laid on the cobblestones, so that a habitat is provided for the Rana spinosa.
The bionic mixed culture method of the quasipaa spinosa and the acrossocheilus fasciatus in the embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that:
the stocking density of the quasipaa spinosa froglets in the embodiment is 35 per square meter, and the specification is about 5 g; the density of the bare lipped fries cultured in the ditches is 15 tails, and the specification is about 4 cm. Live baits such as yellow meal worms, barley worms, earthworms, fly maggots, vitamins and the like are used as baits, and the baits are fed according to 3 percent of the weight of the quasipaa spinosa. The quasipaa spinosa and the acrossocheilus fasciatus respectively reach about 140g and 45g and can be sold on the market.
Other specific structures of the bionic mixed culture system for the rana spinosa and the acrossocheilus fasciatus and the specific implementation steps of the bionic mixed culture method for the rana spinosa and the acrossocheilus fasciatus can be referred to the first embodiment.
The foregoing has outlined rather broadly the preferred embodiments and principles of the present invention and it will be appreciated that those skilled in the art may devise variations of the present invention that are within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.

Claims (10)

1. A bionic mixed culture method of Rana spinosa and Acrossocheilus fasciatus is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) establishing a frog raising pond, selecting a raising field, constructing a plurality of ditches in the raising field, wherein each ditch is provided with a water inlet and a water outlet, the water inlets are communicated with the water outlets and have drop heights, and aquatic plants are planted on two sides of each ditch; paving cobblestones in the ditch, and paving polished tiles and/or asbestos tiles on the cobblestones;
(2) establishing an bionic breeding room, constructing enclosing walls by using hollow bricks around the frog-breeding pond, constructing wooden frames on the enclosing walls, and covering asbestos nets on the wooden frames; the middle of the enclosing wall is provided with an air circulation layer so as to realize the air circulation inside and outside the bionic cultivation room;
(3) injecting culture water into the ditch to keep the culture water in the ditch in a flowing state;
(4) putting and culturing Rana spinosa froglets and Anoplophora guani fries in the ditch;
(5) feeding breeding bait and daily management.
2. The biomimetic hybrid breeding method of Rana spinosa and Acrossocheilus fasciatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the air circulation layer is covered with a wire mesh.
3. The bionic mixed culture method of Rana spinosa and Acrossocheilus fasciatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the density of the stocking of Rana spinosa frogs is 30-40 per square meter, and the standard is 5-10 g; the density of the bare lipped fries cultured in the ditch is 10-20 per square meter, and the specification is 3-5 cm; the stocking time is 3 months per year.
4. The biomimetic hybrid breeding method of Rana spinosa and Acrossocheilus fasciatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the breeding bait is one or more of Tenebrio molitor, barley pest, earthworm, fly maggot, cod liver oil, and vitamins.
5. The biomimetic hybrid breeding method of Rana spinosa and Acrossocheilus fasciatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the aquatic plant is one or more of Acorus calamus, Epilotus aureus, Nelumbo nucifera, and Chlorophytum comosum.
6. The biomimetic hybrid breeding method of Rana spinosa and Acrossocheilus fasciatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the breeding water is mountain water or stream water.
7. The biomimetic hybrid breeding method of Rana spinosa and Acrossocheilus fasciatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the amount of the breeding bait fed each time is 3% -5% of the weight of Rana spinosa.
8. The biomimetic hybrid breeding method of Rana spinosa and Acrossocheilus fasciatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the daily management comprises observing the eating condition and activity condition of Rana spinosa and Acrosseilus fasciatus daily, and recording the daily feeding amount, water temperature condition and disease occurrence condition.
9. The utility model provides a quasipaa spinosa and lip fish's bionical attitude mixed culture system which characterized in that includes:
the frog raising pond comprises a plurality of ditches, wherein each ditch is provided with a water inlet and a water outlet, and the water inlets are communicated with the water outlets and have drop heights; paving cobblestones in the ditch, and paving ground tiles and/or asbestos tiles on the cobblestones;
the bionic breeding room is characterized in that a surrounding wall is formed by enclosing the periphery of a frog breeding pond through hollow bricks, a wooden frame is built on the surrounding wall, and the wooden frame is covered with asbestos meshes; the middle of the enclosing wall is provided with an air circulation layer, and the air circulation layer is covered with an iron wire screen.
10. The biomimetic hybrid culture system of Rana spinosa and Acrossocheilus fasciatus as claimed in claim 9, wherein floor tiles are uniformly distributed on both sides of the trench.
CN202011553756.0A 2020-12-24 2020-12-24 Bionic mixed culture method and system for quasipaa spinosa and acrossocheilus fasciatus Pending CN112655604A (en)

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CN113875661A (en) * 2021-09-26 2022-01-04 浙江大学 Comprehensive planting and breeding method of rice-crayfish-macrobrachium nipponensis
CN113875661B (en) * 2021-09-26 2023-08-25 浙江大学 Rice-crayfish-macrobrachium nipponensis comprehensive planting and breeding method

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