CN112649862B - Broken solution identification method and device based on stratum structure information separation - Google Patents
Broken solution identification method and device based on stratum structure information separation Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The application discloses a method and a device for identifying a broken solution based on stratum structure information separation. The method comprises the following steps: establishing a broken solution earthquake geologic model; obtaining a forward modeling migration profile of the broken solution seismic geologic model; decomposing each seismic trace of the forward modeling migration profile into a plurality of wavelets of different frequencies; sorting the wavelets of different frequencies according to the total energy level; comparing the superposition sections of the broken solution seismic geologic model and the sub waves with different frequencies, and determining the sub wave frequency representing the reflection characteristic of the broken solution; extracting wavelets corresponding to wavelet frequencies representing the reflection characteristics of the broken solution from the actual broken solution seismic data so as to perform broken solution identification. According to the application, the aims of suppressing or eliminating the influence of stratum structure seismic information and noise on the broken solution seismic information, highlighting the boundary information of the broken solution and identifying the boundary and scale of the broken solution by using a conventional seismic attribute method can be achieved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of oil and gas geophysical exploration, and particularly relates to a broken solution identification method based on stratum structure information separation and a broken solution identification device based on stratum structure information separation.
Background
Taking the northbound oil and gas field as an example, the oil and gas field is composed of a series of carbonate broken solution reservoirs which are distributed along a fracture zone and have the burial depth of more than 7000m, and the oil and gas field has the characteristics of integral oil content and nonuniform enrichment along the fracture zone. Covering a giant-thickness Dorkk mudstone on the northkeeping oil-gas field as a regional sealing layer; the broken belt formed by the brittle carbonate rock in the ancient world in the process of sliding fracture multi-stage movement forms a cavity, small fracture, crack and along-crack erosion hole which are formed by the later-stage transformation function, so that a favorable storage space is formed; the compact carbonate rock at the periphery of the fracture zone is used as a lateral blocking to form a broken solution oil-gas reservoir.
For such a solution-broken oil reservoir, the drilling data has revealed that the closer to the fracture zone of the trunk, the more developed the carbonate fracture-cavity reservoir, the farther from the fracture zone of the trunk or the less the fracture activity strength of the trunk, the weaker the fracture-cavity reservoir development, and the structural fracture effect controls the scale of reservoir development. The development scale of the disconnected solution is a key parameter for the exploration, development and evaluation of the current disconnected solution oil reservoir, and how to identify and determine the boundary (scale) of the disconnected solution by utilizing seismic data is one of the problems to be solved in the exploration, development and development of the current disconnected solution oil reservoir.
Because the development of the broken solution reservoir has the characteristic of longitudinal distribution along the fracture zone, the longitudinal extension is longer, and the broken solution reservoir penetrates through several sets of strata, the broken solution reservoir is mainly characterized by messy and weak development along the fracture zone, messy and medium strength and local 'beaded' reflection characteristics on the seismic section, and broken solution reflection and reflection of stratum structures are 'interwoven' together, so that the boundary identification of the broken solution is very difficult. The former mainly uses coherence, curvature, automatic Fault Extraction (AFE) and energy or wave drag antibodies to identify the broken solution characteristics, but because the reflection energy of the broken solution is basically equivalent to the reflection energy of a stratum structure, the influence of the reflection characteristics of the stratum structure on the broken solution boundary identification is difficult to eliminate.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problem that the boundary and the scale of the broken solution are difficult to identify based on the seismic data at present, the application provides a broken solution identification method based on seismic structure information separation. The application also provides a corresponding device.
According to an aspect of the present application, there is provided a method for identifying a broken solution based on separation of formation structural information, the method comprising: establishing a broken solution earthquake geologic model; obtaining a forward modeling migration profile of the broken solution seismic geologic model; decomposing each seismic trace of the forward modeling migration profile into a plurality of wavelets of different frequencies; sorting the wavelets of different frequencies according to the total energy level; comparing the superposition sections of the broken solution seismic geologic model and the sub waves with different frequencies, and determining the sub wave frequency representing the reflection characteristic of the broken solution; extracting wavelets corresponding to wavelet frequencies representing the reflection characteristics of the broken solution from the actual broken solution seismic data so as to perform broken solution identification.
In one possible embodiment, the obtaining the forward simulated migration profile of the disconnected-solution seismic geologic model includes: simulating the propagation rule of a seismic wave field in the underground and the broken solution based on the broken solution seismic geologic model by adopting a finite difference wave equation forward modeling technology to obtain a shot gather record; and processing the shot set record to obtain the forward modeling offset profile, wherein the processing of the shot set record comprises superposition and offset of the shot set record.
In one possible implementation, the decomposing each seismic trace of the forward simulated migration profile into a plurality of wavelets of different frequencies includes: decomposing each seismic trace S (t) of the forward simulated migration profile into a plurality of wavelets of different frequencies based on:
Wherein A i (t) represents the reflection coefficient of the ith layer, omega i (t) represents the corresponding seismic wavelet at the ith layer, and n represents the total number of wavelets.
In one possible implementation, the sorting the wavelets of different frequencies according to the total energy size includes: the wavelets of different frequencies are ordered in order of total energy from large to small.
In one possible implementation, the determining the wavelet frequencies representing the characteristics of the partial solution reflection by comparing the partial solution seismic geologic model with the superimposed profiles of the wavelet of different frequencies includes: if the superposition profile of the 1 st to m th sub-waves reflects the characteristic of the reflection of the stratum structure in the broken solution seismic geologic model after sequencing, and the superposition profile of the 1 st to (m+1) th sub-waves introduces the characteristic of the broken solution seismic geologic model of the broken solution reflection on the basis of the superposition profile of the 1 st to m th sub-waves, determining that the 1 st to m th sub-waves correspond to the reflection of the stratum structure; further, if the superimposed profile of the (m+1) -k th sub-wave reflects the feature of the broken solution seismic geologic model that interrupts the solution reflection, and the superimposed profile of the (m+1) -k-th sub-wave introduces the reflection of the background noise on the basis of the superimposed profile of the (m+1) -k-th sub-wave, determining that the (m+1) -k-th sub-wave corresponds to the broken solution reflection; where m < k < n, n represents the total number of wavelets.
According to another aspect of the present application, there is also provided a broken solution identification device based on formation structure information separation, the device including: the model building unit is used for building a broken solution earthquake geological model; the forward modeling unit is used for obtaining a forward modeling migration profile of the broken solution seismic geologic model; the seismic signal decomposition unit is used for decomposing each seismic channel of the forward modeling migration section into a plurality of wavelets with different frequencies; the wavelet ordering unit is used for ordering a plurality of wavelets with different frequencies according to the total energy; the wavelet calibration unit is used for comparing the superposition sections of the broken solution earthquake geologic model and the wavelet of different frequencies and determining wavelet frequencies representing the broken solution reflection characteristics; and the broken solution feature extraction unit is used for extracting wavelets corresponding to wavelet frequencies representing broken solution reflection features from actual broken solution seismic data so as to perform broken solution identification.
In one possible implementation, the forward unit is specifically configured to: simulating the propagation rule of a seismic wave field in the underground and the broken solution based on the broken solution seismic geologic model by adopting a finite difference wave equation forward modeling technology to obtain a shot gather record; and processing the shot set record to obtain the forward modeling offset profile, wherein the processing of the shot set record comprises superposition and offset of the shot set record.
In one possible implementation, the seismic signal decomposition unit is specifically configured to: decomposing each seismic trace S (t) of the forward simulated migration profile into a plurality of wavelets of different frequencies based on:
Wherein A i (t) represents the reflection coefficient of the ith layer, omega i (t) represents the corresponding seismic wavelet at the ith layer, and n represents the total number of wavelets.
In a possible implementation, the wavelet ordering unit is specifically configured to:
The wavelets of different frequencies are ordered in order of total energy from large to small.
In a possible embodiment, the wavelet scaling unit is specifically configured to:
if the superposition profile of the 1 st to m th sub-waves reflects the characteristic of the reflection of the stratum structure in the broken solution seismic geologic model after sequencing, and the superposition profile of the 1 st to (m+1) th sub-waves introduces the characteristic of the broken solution seismic geologic model of the broken solution reflection on the basis of the superposition profile of the 1 st to m th sub-waves, determining that the 1 st to m th sub-waves correspond to the reflection of the stratum structure;
Further, if the superimposed profile of the (m+1) -k th sub-wave reflects the feature of the broken solution seismic geologic model that interrupts the solution reflection, and the superimposed profile of the (m+1) -k-th sub-wave introduces the reflection of the background noise on the basis of the superimposed profile of the (m+1) -k-th sub-wave, determining that the (m+1) -k-th sub-wave corresponds to the broken solution reflection;
where m < k < n, n represents the total number of wavelets.
According to the application, the seismic signals are decomposed and reconstructed, the relation between the reconstructed seismic signals and the geological signals is calibrated, and the broken solution information is separated from the seismic data based on the calibrated relation, so that the purposes of suppressing or eliminating the influence of stratum structure seismic information and noise on the broken solution seismic information, highlighting the boundary information of the broken solution and identifying the boundary and scale of the broken solution by using a conventional seismic attribute method are achieved.
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The foregoing and other objects, features and advantages of the application will be apparent from the following more particular descriptions of exemplary embodiments of the application as illustrated in the accompanying drawings wherein like reference numbers generally represent like parts throughout the exemplary embodiments of the application.
FIG. 1 illustrates a method of split solution identification based on formation structural information separation according to one embodiment of the application.
FIG. 2 illustrates a split solution identification device based on formation information separation according to one embodiment of the application.
FIG. 3 (a) shows a typical broken solution seismic profile; fig. 3 (b) shows a property profile thereof.
FIG. 4 (a) shows a certain broken solution seismic geologic model; FIG. 4 (b) shows a forward simulated migration profile of the disconnected solution seismic geologic model; FIG. 4 (c) shows a superimposed cross-section of the 1 st to 4 th components after ordering; fig. 4 (d) shows a superimposed cross section of the 5 th to 10 th components.
Fig. 5 (a) and 5 (b) show a broken solution seismic profile and an attribute profile, respectively, obtained after formation compaction according to the present application.
Detailed Description
Preferred embodiments of the present application will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. While the preferred embodiments of the present application are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present application may be embodied in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the application to those skilled in the art.
Please refer to fig. 1. FIG. 1 illustrates a flow chart of a method of split solution identification based on formation structural information separation in accordance with an embodiment of the present application. As shown, the method includes the following steps 101-106.
And step 101, establishing a broken solution earthquake geologic model.
A discontinuous solution seismic geologic model can be established by utilizing a numerical simulation method.
And 102, obtaining a forward modeling migration profile of the broken solution seismic geologic model.
In one possible implementation, step 102 specifically includes: simulating the propagation rule of a seismic wave field in the underground and the broken solution based on the broken solution seismic geologic model by adopting a finite difference wave equation forward modeling technology to obtain a shot gather record; and processing the shot set record to obtain the forward modeling offset profile, wherein the processing of the shot set record comprises superposition and offset of the shot set record.
Step 103, decomposing each seismic trace of the forward modeling migration section into a plurality of wavelets with different frequencies.
In one possible implementation, step 103 specifically includes: decomposing each seismic trace S (t) of the forward simulated migration profile into a plurality of wavelets of different frequencies based on:
Where A i (t) represents the amplitude information of the wavelet i, ω i (t) represents the frequency and phase information of the wavelet i, and n represents the total number of wavelets.
Step 104, sorting the wavelets of different frequencies according to the total energy size.
Step 105, comparing the superposition section of the broken solution earthquake geologic model and the sub wave with different frequencies, and determining the sub wave frequency representing the reflection characteristic of the broken solution.
A single wavelet typically cannot represent the seismic reflection characteristics of a formation or a solution of a fracture, and a superposition of multiple components may represent the reflection characteristics of a particular geologic structure, with the smallest energy and the last few wavelet components typically being mainly background noise.
In one possible implementation, step 105 specifically includes:
if the superposition profile of the 1 st to m th sub-waves reflects the characteristic of the reflection of the stratum structure in the broken solution seismic geologic model after sequencing, and the superposition profile of the 1 st to (m+1) th sub-waves introduces the characteristic of the broken solution seismic geologic model of the broken solution reflection on the basis of the superposition profile of the 1 st to m th sub-waves, determining that the 1 st to m th sub-waves correspond to the reflection of the stratum structure;
Further, if the superimposed profile of the (m+1) -k th sub-wave reflects the feature of the broken solution seismic geologic model that interrupts the solution reflection, and the superimposed profile of the (m+1) -k-th sub-wave introduces the reflection of the background noise on the basis of the superimposed profile of the (m+1) -k-th sub-wave, determining that the (m+1) -k-th sub-wave corresponds to the broken solution reflection;
where m < k < n, n represents the total number of wavelets.
And 106, extracting wavelets corresponding to wavelet frequencies representing the reflection characteristics of the broken solution from the actual broken solution seismic data so as to perform broken solution identification.
According to the embodiment, the seismic signals are decomposed and reconstructed, the relation between the reconstructed seismic signals and the geological signals is calibrated, and the broken solution information is separated from the seismic data based on the calibrated relation, so that the purposes of suppressing or eliminating the influence of stratum structure seismic information and noise on the broken solution seismic information, highlighting the boundary information of the broken solution and identifying the boundary and scale of the broken solution by using a conventional seismic attribute method are achieved.
FIG. 2 illustrates a split solution identification device based on formation information separation according to one embodiment of the application. The device comprises a model building unit 201, a forward modeling unit 202, a seismic signal decomposition unit 203, a wavelet ordering unit 204, a wavelet scaling unit 205 and a misconvergence feature extraction unit 206.
The model building unit 201 is used to build a broken solution seismic geologic model.
The forward unit 202 is configured to obtain a forward simulated migration profile of the solution seismic geologic model.
The seismic signal decomposition unit 203 is configured to decompose each seismic trace of the forward modeling migration profile into a plurality of wavelets with different frequencies.
The wavelet ordering unit 204 is configured to order a plurality of wavelets of different frequencies according to a total energy size.
The wavelet scaling unit 205 is configured to compare the cross-section of the partial solution seismic geologic model with the superimposed cross-sections of the different frequency wavelet signals to determine wavelet frequencies that are characteristic of the partial solution reflection.
The miscibility feature extraction unit 206 is configured to extract wavelets corresponding to wavelet frequencies representing miscibility reflection features from the actual miscibility seismic data, so as to perform miscibility identification.
In one possible implementation, the forward unit 202 is specifically configured to: simulating the propagation rule of a seismic wave field in the underground and the broken solution based on the broken solution seismic geologic model by adopting a finite difference wave equation forward modeling technology to obtain a shot gather record; and processing the shot set record to obtain the forward modeling offset profile, wherein the processing of the shot set record comprises superposition and offset of the shot set record.
In one possible implementation, the seismic signal decomposition unit 203 is specifically configured to: decomposing each seismic trace S (t) of the forward simulated migration profile into a plurality of wavelets of different frequencies based on:
Wherein A i (t) represents the reflection coefficient of the ith layer, omega i (t) represents the corresponding seismic wavelet at the ith layer, and n represents the total number of wavelets.
In a possible implementation, the wavelet ordering unit 204 is specifically configured to order the wavelets with different frequencies in order of total energy from large to small.
In a possible implementation, the wavelet scaling unit 205 is specifically configured to:
if the superposition profile of the 1 st to m th sub-waves reflects the characteristic of the reflection of the stratum structure in the broken solution seismic geologic model after sequencing, and the superposition profile of the 1 st to (m+1) th sub-waves introduces the characteristic of the broken solution seismic geologic model of the broken solution reflection on the basis of the superposition profile of the 1 st to m th sub-waves, determining that the 1 st to m th sub-waves correspond to the reflection of the stratum structure;
Further, if the superimposed profile of the (m+1) -k th sub-wave reflects the feature of the broken solution seismic geologic model that interrupts the solution reflection, and the superimposed profile of the (m+1) -k-th sub-wave introduces the reflection of the background noise on the basis of the superimposed profile of the (m+1) -k-th sub-wave, determining that the (m+1) -k-th sub-wave corresponds to the broken solution reflection;
where m < k < n, n represents the total number of wavelets.
According to the application, the seismic signals are decomposed and reconstructed, the relation between the reconstructed seismic signals and the geological signals is calibrated, and the broken solution information is separated from the seismic data based on the calibrated relation, so that the purposes of suppressing or eliminating the influence of stratum structure seismic information and noise on the broken solution seismic information, highlighting the boundary information of the broken solution and identifying the boundary and scale of the broken solution by utilizing a conventional seismic attribute method are achieved
Application example
The effect of the technical scheme according to the application is exemplified below by taking a northbound ultra-deep cut solution reservoir as an example.
FIG. 3 (a) is a typical seismic response profile of a broken solution in the northbound region, which is mainly represented by the characteristics of messy and weak development along the fracture zone, the characteristics of strong messy and local 'beading' reflection, and the longitudinal characteristics of the broken solution are 'interwoven' with the transverse characteristics of the stratum structure, so that the existence of the seismic reflection characteristics of the stratum structure similar to the horizontal form brings great trouble to the identification of the boundary of the broken solution, and as shown in FIG. 3 (b), the boundary of the broken solution is difficult to distinguish from the stratum structure, thus being unfavorable for the evaluation of the development scale of the broken solution.
FIG. 4 (a) shows a broken solution seismic geologic model built for the work area. Fig. 4 (b) shows a forward simulated migration profile of the disconnected solution seismic geologic model. According to the application, each seismic trace of the forward modeling migration section is decomposed into a plurality of wavelets with different frequencies, the wavelets are sequenced according to the sequence from big total energy to small total energy, then the wavelets are calibrated by comparing a broken solution seismic geologic model, the 1 st to 4 th wavelets correspond to stratum structure reflection after analysis and the 5 th to 10 th wavelets correspond to broken solution reflection, and the 11 th and later wavelets are mainly background noise. Fig. 4 (c) shows a superimposed cross section of the 1 st to 4 th components after sorting, and fig. 4 (d) shows a superimposed cross section of the 5 th to 10 th components. On one hand, forward modeling results of the disconnected solution seismic geologic model verify the feasibility of the technical scheme according to the application, and meanwhile, the relation between seismic information and geologic information of different wavelet superposition sections is established.
Based on the thought and the method, the solution development area is broken in the northbound area, the wavelet data body superposition section with the total energy of 5 th to 10 th after the earthquake information decomposition is selected as the response characteristic of the solution breaking, as shown in fig. 5 (a), after the stratum structure on the earthquake section is pressed, the earthquake reflection characteristic of the solution breaking is enhanced, the boundary information of the solution breaking is clearer, the identification of the boundary of the solution breaking and the evaluation of the control storage scale are more facilitated based on the data, and the boundary and the development scale of the solution breaking can be clearly depicted by the conventional energy attribute, as shown in fig. 5 (b).
The application achieves the purpose of suppressing the stratum structure reflection characteristic, highlights the earthquake response characteristic of the broken solution, and realizes the identification and evaluation of the broken solution control storage boundary and development scale.
The present application may be a system, method, and/or computer program product. The computer program product may include a computer readable storage medium having computer readable program instructions embodied thereon for causing a processor to implement aspects of the present application.
The computer readable storage medium may be a tangible device that can hold and store instructions for use by an instruction execution device. The computer readable storage medium may be, for example, but not limited to, an electronic storage device, a magnetic storage device, an optical storage device, an electromagnetic storage device, a semiconductor storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. More specific examples (a non-exhaustive list) of the computer-readable storage medium would include the following: portable computer disks, hard disks, random Access Memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), static Random Access Memory (SRAM), portable compact disk read-only memory (CD-ROM), digital Versatile Disks (DVD), memory sticks, floppy disks, mechanical coding devices, punch cards or in-groove structures such as punch cards or grooves having instructions stored thereon, and any suitable combination of the foregoing. Computer-readable storage media, as used herein, are not to be construed as transitory signals per se, such as radio waves or other freely propagating electromagnetic waves, electromagnetic waves propagating through waveguides or other transmission media (e.g., optical pulses through fiber optic cables), or electrical signals transmitted through wires.
Various aspects of the present application are described herein with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems) and computer program products according to embodiments of the application. It will be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer-readable program instructions.
The foregoing description of embodiments of the application has been presented for purposes of illustration and description, and is not intended to be exhaustive or limited to the embodiments disclosed. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the various embodiments described. The terminology used herein was chosen in order to best explain the principles of the embodiments, the practical application, or the technical improvement of the technology in the marketplace, or to enable others of ordinary skill in the art to understand the embodiments disclosed herein.
Claims (6)
1. A method for identifying a broken solution based on separation of formation structural information, the method comprising:
Establishing a broken solution earthquake geologic model;
obtaining a forward modeling migration profile of the broken solution seismic geologic model;
Decomposing each seismic trace of the forward modeling migration profile into a plurality of wavelets of different frequencies;
sorting the wavelets of different frequencies according to the total energy level;
Comparing the superposition sections of the broken solution seismic geologic model and the sub waves with different frequencies, and determining the sub wave frequency representing the reflection characteristic of the broken solution;
extracting wavelets corresponding to wavelet frequencies representing the reflection characteristics of the broken solution from the actual broken solution seismic data so as to identify the broken solution;
the sorting the plurality of wavelets of different frequencies according to the total energy size comprises:
sorting the wavelets of different frequencies in order of total energy from large to small;
The step of comparing the superposition sections of the partial solution earthquake geologic model and the sub-waves with different frequencies to determine the sub-wave frequency representing the reflection characteristic of the partial solution comprises the following steps:
If the superposition profile of the 1 st to m th sub-waves reflects the characteristic of the reflection of the stratum structure in the broken solution seismic geologic model after sequencing, and the superposition profile of the 1 st to (m+1) th sub-waves introduces the characteristic of the broken solution seismic geologic model of breaking the reflection of the solution on the basis of the superposition profile of the 1 st to m sub-waves, determining that the 1 st to m th sub-waves correspond to the reflection of the stratum structure;
Further, if the superimposed profile of the (m+1) -k th sub-wave reflects the feature of the broken solution seismic geologic model that interrupts the solution reflection, and the superimposed profile of the (m+1) -k th sub-wave introduces the reflection of the background noise on the basis of the superimposed profile of the (m+1) -k th sub-wave, determining that the (m+1) -k th sub-wave corresponds to the broken solution reflection;
where m < k < n, n represents the total number of wavelets.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein obtaining a forward modeling migration profile of the solution seismic geologic model comprises:
Simulating the propagation rule of a seismic wave field in the underground and the broken solution based on the broken solution seismic geologic model by adopting a finite difference wave equation forward modeling technology to obtain a shot gather record;
and processing the shot set record to obtain the forward modeling offset profile, wherein the processing of the shot set record comprises superposition and offset of the shot set record.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein decomposing each seismic trace of the forward simulated migration profile into a plurality of wavelets of different frequencies comprises:
decomposing each seismic trace S (t) of the forward simulated migration profile into a plurality of wavelets of different frequencies based on:
Wherein A i (t) represents the reflection coefficient of the ith layer, omega i (t) represents the corresponding seismic wavelet at the ith layer, and n represents the total number of wavelets.
4. A broken solution identification device based on formation structure information separation, the device comprising:
the model building unit is used for building a broken solution earthquake geological model;
The forward modeling unit is used for obtaining a forward modeling migration profile of the broken solution seismic geologic model;
the seismic signal decomposition unit is used for decomposing each seismic channel of the forward modeling migration section into a plurality of wavelets with different frequencies;
the wavelet ordering unit is used for ordering a plurality of wavelets with different frequencies according to the total energy;
The wavelet calibration unit is used for comparing the superposition sections of the broken solution earthquake geologic model and the wavelet of different frequencies and determining wavelet frequencies representing the broken solution reflection characteristics;
the system comprises an outage feature extraction unit, a detection unit and a detection unit, wherein the outage feature extraction unit is used for extracting wavelets corresponding to wavelet frequencies representing outage reflection features from actual outage seismic data so as to perform outage identification;
the wavelet ordering unit is specifically configured to:
sorting the wavelets of different frequencies in order of total energy from large to small;
the wavelet scaling unit is specifically configured to:
If the superposition profile of the 1 st to m th sub-waves reflects the characteristic of the reflection of the stratum structure in the broken solution seismic geologic model after sequencing, and the superposition profile of the 1 st to (m+1) th sub-waves introduces the characteristic of the broken solution seismic geologic model of breaking the reflection of the solution on the basis of the superposition profile of the 1 st to m sub-waves, determining that the 1 st to m th sub-waves correspond to the reflection of the stratum structure;
Further, if the superimposed profile of the (m+1) -k th sub-wave reflects the feature of the broken solution seismic geologic model that interrupts the solution reflection, and the superimposed profile of the (m+1) -k th sub-wave introduces the reflection of the background noise on the basis of the superimposed profile of the (m+1) -k th sub-wave, determining that the (m+1) -k th sub-wave corresponds to the broken solution reflection;
where m < k < n, n represents the total number of wavelets.
5. The apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the forward unit is specifically configured to:
Simulating the propagation rule of a seismic wave field in the underground and the broken solution based on the broken solution seismic geologic model by adopting a finite difference wave equation forward modeling technology to obtain a shot gather record;
and processing the shot set record to obtain the forward modeling offset profile, wherein the processing of the shot set record comprises superposition and offset of the shot set record.
6. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the seismic signal decomposition unit is specifically configured to:
decomposing each seismic trace S (t) of the forward simulated migration profile into a plurality of wavelets of different frequencies based on:
Wherein A i (t) represents the reflection coefficient of the ith layer, omega i (t) represents the corresponding seismic wavelet at the ith layer, and n represents the total number of wavelets.
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