CN112630272A - Gas detector with multiple channels and multiple detectors and detection method thereof - Google Patents
Gas detector with multiple channels and multiple detectors and detection method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112630272A CN112630272A CN202110010227.4A CN202110010227A CN112630272A CN 112630272 A CN112630272 A CN 112630272A CN 202110010227 A CN202110010227 A CN 202110010227A CN 112630272 A CN112630272 A CN 112630272A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a gas detector with multiple channels and multiple detectors and a detection method thereof. The detector comprises an expiration inlet, a first air chamber, a second air chamber, a chemiluminescence apparatus and an electrochemical sensor. The expiration inlet is connected with the inlet of the first air chamber through the first gas pipeline, the outlet of the first air chamber is connected with the inlet of the second air chamber through the second gas pipeline, and the outlet of the first air chamber is further connected with the inlet of the electrochemical sensor through the third gas pipeline. The outlet of the second air chamber is connected with the inlet of the chemiluminescence apparatus through a fourth air pipeline. The first gas pipeline is provided with a first electromagnetic valve. And a second electromagnetic valve is arranged on the second gas pipeline. And a first three-way electromagnetic valve is arranged on the fourth gas pipeline. The gas detector and the detection method thereof can solve the defects in the prior art, and can select the most suitable detection method for detection according to different sources of samples to be detected, thereby improving the accuracy and detection precision of detection results.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of expiratory component detection, in particular to a gas detector with a multi-channel multi-detector and a detection method thereof.
Background
The commonly used detection technologies of the exhaled nitric oxide detection equipment include three types, namely chemiluminescence, an electrochemical sensor and laser detection. The chemiluminescence analyzer is an analyzer which is put into clinical application at the earliest time and is also an internationally recognized gold standard technology, all detection technologies are compared with a chemiluminescence method, the detection precision is high and is generally 0.1-1 ppb, but the clinical application is limited by the huge volume and the expensive price. The exhaled nitric oxide detector adopting the electrochemical sensor detection technology is more and more clinically favored due to the advantages of being small and portable, and becomes a device mainly used in the market at present. However, the main detection module of the electrochemical nitric oxide detector is a replaceable electrochemical sensor, and the electrochemical sensor is used within a certain detection frequency within a year, and needs to be replaced after being used up, and the detection capability of the electrochemical sensor may change after being replaced, so that conventional calibration cannot be performed. Through the electrochemical sensor after the complicated flow is accurate, the influence of environment humiture and other interference factors can be received, the defect of inaccurate measuring result exists, and its detection precision is also relatively poor moreover, only about 3 ~ 5ppb generally speaking. The detection range of laser detection (LasIR) is in ppm level, and the laser detection method is mainly used for detecting industrial pollution emission.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a gas detector of a multi-channel multi-detector and a detection method thereof, which can solve the defects in the prior art, can select the most suitable detection method for detection according to different sources of samples to be detected, and improve the accuracy and detection precision of detection results.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a gas detector with a multi-channel multi-detector comprises an expiration inlet, a first gas chamber, a second gas chamber, a chemiluminescence instrument and an electrochemical sensor.
The expiration inlet is connected with the inlet of the first gas chamber through a first gas pipeline, the outlet of the first gas chamber is connected with the inlet of the second gas chamber through a second gas pipeline, and the outlet of the first gas chamber is also connected with the inlet of the electrochemical sensor through a third gas pipeline; and the outlet of the second air chamber is connected with the inlet of the chemiluminescence apparatus through a fourth air pipeline.
A first electromagnetic valve is arranged on the first gas pipeline; a second electromagnetic valve is arranged on the second gas pipeline; and a first three-way electromagnetic valve is arranged on the fourth gas pipeline.
Furthermore, a first four-way joint is arranged on the first gas pipeline, a first port of the first four-way joint is connected with an exhalation inlet, a second port of the first four-way joint is connected with a first port of a first electromagnetic valve, a third port of the first four-way joint is connected with a fifth gas pipeline, and a fourth port of the first four-way joint is connected with a sixth gas pipeline; a second port of the first electromagnetic valve is connected with an inlet of the first air chamber; a third electromagnetic valve is arranged on the gas pipeline five; and a pressure sensor is arranged on the gas pipeline six.
Further, the first air chamber is connected with a second air pipeline and a third air pipeline through a four-way joint II; an outlet of the first air chamber is connected with a first port of the four-way joint II through a seventh gas pipeline; a second port of the four-way joint II is connected with a eighth gas pipeline; a first pump and a stop valve are arranged on the gas pipeline eight; a port III of the four-way joint II is connected with a port I of a solenoid valve II, a port II of the solenoid valve II is connected with an inlet of a gas chamber II, an outlet of the gas chamber II is connected with a port I of a three-way solenoid valve I, a port II of the three-way solenoid valve I is connected with an inlet of a chemiluminescence instrument, and a port III of the three-way solenoid valve I is connected with air; a port IV of the four-way joint II is connected with the electrochemical sensor through a gas pipeline III; the gas pipeline III is provided with a three-way electromagnetic valve II, a pump II and a Nafion pipe; the port I of the three-way electromagnetic valve II is connected with the port IV of the four-way joint II, the port II of the three-way electromagnetic valve II is connected with the inlet of the pump II, and the port III of the three-way electromagnetic valve II is connected with the gas pipeline nine; the outlet of the second pump is connected with the inlet of a Nafion pipe, and the outlet of the Nafion pipe is connected with the inlet of an electrochemical sensor; and a filter is arranged on the gas pipeline nine.
The detection method of the gas detector comprises the following steps:
(11) oral breath sampling
The patient sucks the expiratory filter to start expiration, when the expiratory flow reaches a set initial pressure, the third electromagnetic valve is opened, after a certain evacuation time or after a certain volume (150 ml for adults and 50ml for children) is reached, the third electromagnetic valve is closed, the first electromagnetic valve and the second electromagnetic valve are opened, the oral expiration is adjusted to corresponding flow to enter the first air chamber and the second air chamber, and sampling is completed; and the first three-way electromagnetic valve is kept normally open to the atmosphere.
(12) Oral breath analysis
Under the drive of a pump III in the chemiluminescence apparatus, gas in the gas chamber I pushes gas in the gas chamber II to enter a detection module in the chemiluminescence apparatus for response through a switching passage of a solenoid valve II and a three-way solenoid valve I, and the concentration of the gas to be detected is obtained.
(2) Nasal exhalation detection
(21) Nasal breath sampling
One nostril is blocked by the disposable nasal breathing head, the first electromagnetic valve and the first pump are opened, the nasal cavity air is pumped into the first air chamber by the first pump, sampling is completed, and the first pump is closed.
(22) Nasal exhalation analysis
The first analysis process is as follows: and firstly, opening the second pump, allowing the gas in the first air chamber to enter the Nafion pipe through the normally open passage of the three-way electromagnetic valve II under the action of the second pump, performing humidity balance in the Nafion pipe, and allowing the gas to enter the electrochemical sensor, wherein the electrochemical sensor responds to the gas in the first air chamber to generate a signal S1.
And (5) analysis process II: and closing the first electromagnetic valve, opening the second three-way electromagnetic valve, allowing air to enter the Nafion pipe through a switching passage of the filter and the second three-way electromagnetic valve under the action of the second pump, performing humidity balance in the Nafion pipe, and allowing the air to enter the electrochemical sensor, wherein the electrochemical sensor responds to all gas in the air to generate a background signal S0.
After the first analysis process and the second analysis process are finished, all the pump valves are closed; and subtracting all background response signals S0 from the response signal S1 of the gas in the first gas chamber, namely the response signal S of the gas to be detected is S1-S0, and dividing the response signal S by the sensitivity S of the sensor, namely the concentration of the gas to be detected.
Furthermore, the second electromagnetic valve is a three-way electromagnetic valve, and the three-way electromagnetic valve is a three-way electromagnetic valve; and a port I of the three-way electromagnetic valve III is connected with a port III of the four-way connector II, the port II is connected with an inlet of the air chamber II, and the port III is connected with the chemiluminescence instrument through the air chamber III. When the gas chamber II is connected with the gas chamber III in parallel, the detection method of the gas detector comprises the following steps:
(1) oral breath detection
(11) Oral breath sampling
The patient holds an exhalation filter (namely an exhalation inlet), starts to exhale, when the exhalation flow reaches a set initial pressure, opens a third electromagnetic valve, closes the third electromagnetic valve after a certain evacuation time or reaches a certain volume (150 ml for adults and 50ml for children), opens the first electromagnetic valve, adjusts the mouth exhalation into a corresponding flow to enter a first air chamber and a third air chamber, when the gas in the third air chamber reaches 150ml, opens a third electromagnetic valve, and the exhalation enters a second air chamber through the first air chamber; the first three-way electromagnetic valve is kept normally open to the atmosphere; and finishing sampling.
(12) Oral breath analysis
And the gas in the gas chamber II is pushed by the gas in the gas chamber I to pass through a switching passage of the solenoid valve II and the three-way solenoid valve I and enter a detection module of the chemiluminescence apparatus for response to obtain the concentration of the gas to be detected.
(2) Nasal exhalation detection
(21) Nasal breath sampling
One nostril is blocked by the disposable nasal breathing head, the first electromagnetic valve and the first pump are opened, the nasal cavity air is pumped into the first air chamber by the first pump, sampling is completed, and the first pump is closed.
(22) Nasal exhalation analysis
The first analysis process is as follows: and firstly, opening the second pump, allowing the gas in the first air chamber to enter the Nafion pipe through the normally open passage of the three-way electromagnetic valve II under the action of the second pump, performing humidity balance in the Nafion pipe, and allowing the gas to enter the electrochemical sensor, wherein the electrochemical sensor responds to the gas in the first air chamber to generate a signal S1.
And (5) analysis process II: and closing the first electromagnetic valve, opening the second three-way electromagnetic valve, allowing air to enter the Nafion pipe through a switching passage of the filter and the second three-way electromagnetic valve under the action of the second pump, performing humidity balance in the Nafion pipe, and allowing the air to enter the electrochemical sensor, wherein the electrochemical sensor responds to all gas in the air to generate a background signal S0.
After the first analysis process and the second analysis process are finished, all the pump valves are closed; and subtracting all background response signals S0 from the response signal S1 of the gas in the first gas chamber, namely the response signal S of the gas to be detected is S1-S0, and dividing the response signal S by the sensitivity S of the sensor, namely the concentration of the gas to be detected.
According to the technical scheme, the electrochemical method and the chemiluminescence method are integrated in the same device, and the optimal method is selected to detect the concentration of the gas molecules to be tested in the breath according to different detection samples. For a breath sample (FeNO), the sampling volume is large (200-300 ml) and the concentration is low (several to dozens of ppb), so a chemiluminescence method is required for measurement. For nasal breath samples (FnNO), electrochemical measurements are required due to the high sample concentration (tens to thousands of ppb) and the small sample volume. The invention solves the problem of insufficient accuracy of the electrochemical detection means for the response of the trace-level oral nitric oxide, solves the problem of insufficient response time of the chemiluminescence method for the nasal nitric oxide, can select the most suitable detection method for detection according to different sources of samples to be detected, and improves the accuracy and the detection precision of the detection result.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a gas detector with a multi-channel multi-detector according to one embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a gas detector having a multi-channel multi-detector according to a second embodiment;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of the chemiluminescence apparatus.
Wherein:
1. the device comprises an exhalation inlet, 2, a four-way connector I, 3, a first electromagnetic valve, 4, a first air chamber, 5, a third electromagnetic valve, 6, a pressure sensor, 7, a second electromagnetic valve, 8, a second air chamber, 9, a first three-way electromagnetic valve, 10, a chemiluminescence meter, 11, a first pump, 12, a stop valve, 13, a second three-way electromagnetic valve, 14, a filter, 15, a second pump, 16, a Nafion pipe, 17, an electrochemical sensor, 18, a third air chamber, 19, a fourth three-way electromagnetic valve, 20, a first differential pressure sensor, 21, a gauge pressure sensor, 22, a filter B, 23, a detection module, 24, a filter A, 25, a third pump, 26, a second differential pressure sensor, 27, an O3 generator, 28, a third differential pressure sensor, 29 and a four-way connector II.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
a gas detector with multi-channel multi-detector as shown in FIG. 1 comprises an exhalation inlet 1, a first gas chamber 4, a second gas chamber 8, a chemiluminescence apparatus 10 and an electrochemical sensor 17. And the first air chamber 4 and the second air chamber 8 are used for storing the gas to be detected. The first 4 and second 8 air chambers all adopt slender PTFE plastic pipes, the pipe diameter of the PTFE plastic pipe is 3-5 mm, the length is 2-20 m, the design can enable gas to be in a laminar flow flowing state in the whole detector, and the gas is prevented from mixing as far as possible before and after the gas is guaranteed. The electrochemical sensor 10 is used for checking the concentration of some gases, such as NO, CO, etc., in the gas passing through the electrochemical sensor 10, and the gas molecules to be detected can generate an electric signal through the electrochemical sensor 10, and the background signal is deducted, namely the actual response signal of the gas to be detected. The chemiluminescence apparatus 10 is used for pumping the gas in the gas chamber II into the detection module, and calculating the concentration of the gas to be detected through the light energy released by the chemical reaction of the molecules to be detected in the detector. As shown in fig. 3, the chemiluminescence apparatus includes a three-way solenoid valve four 19, a differential pressure sensor one 20, a gauge pressure sensor 21, a detection module 23, a filter a24, a pump three 25, a differential pressure sensor two 26, an O3 generator 27, a differential pressure sensor three 28, and a filter B22.
The expiration inlet 1 is connected with an inlet of the first air chamber 4 through a first gas pipeline, an outlet of the first air chamber 4 is connected with an inlet of the second air chamber 8 through a second gas pipeline, and an outlet of the first air chamber 4 is also connected with an inlet of the electrochemical sensor 17 through a third gas pipeline; and the outlet of the second air chamber 8 is connected with the inlet of the chemiluminescence apparatus 10 through a fourth air pipeline.
A first electromagnetic valve 3 is arranged on the first gas pipeline; a second electromagnetic valve 7 is arranged on the second gas pipeline; and a three-way electromagnetic valve I9 is arranged on the gas pipeline IV. The three-way electromagnetic valves of the invention all comprise three ports, a normally open passage is arranged between the first port and the second port, and the gas paths between the first port and the third port are communicated when being electrified. Considering that the pump III 25 in the chemiluminescence apparatus 10 has flow velocity, if a two-way electromagnetic valve is adopted on the gas pipeline IV, the air exhaust at the rear end can influence the natural expiratory flow velocity at the front end, therefore, the three-way electromagnetic valve I9 is arranged on the gas pipeline, so that the rear end of the gas chamber II 8 is communicated with the atmosphere during expiration, and the influence on the expiratory flow velocity is avoided; during analysis, the second gas chamber 8 is communicated with the chemiluminescence apparatus 10.
Furthermore, a first four-way joint 2 is arranged on the first gas pipeline, a first port of the first four-way joint 2 is connected with the exhalation inlet 1, a second port of the first four-way joint is connected with a first port of the first electromagnetic valve 3, a third port of the first four-way joint is connected with a fifth gas pipeline, and a fourth port of the first four-way joint is connected with a sixth gas pipeline. And the port two of the electromagnetic valve I3 is connected with the inlet of the air chamber I4. And a third electromagnetic valve 5 is arranged on the fifth gas pipeline. And a pressure sensor 6 is arranged on the gas pipeline six, a flow-signal curve is calibrated by using gas with known flow when the pressure sensor 6 leaves a factory, and the gas passing flow is calculated according to a detection signal of passing gas in a detection gas circuit when the pressure sensor is used. The pressure sensor 6 is used to detect the pressure of the gas sample, and only the gas sample that meets the requirements can enter the gas chamber. For the first solenoid valve 3, the second solenoid valve 7 and the third solenoid valve 5, the air path is communicated when the solenoid valves are opened, and the air path is disconnected when the solenoid valves are closed.
Further, the gas chamber I4 is connected with a gas pipeline II and a gas pipeline III through a four-way joint II 29; and the outlet of the first air chamber 4 is connected with the first port of the second four-way joint 29 through a seventh gas pipeline. And a second port of the second four-way joint 29 is connected with an eighth gas pipeline. And a first pump 11 and a stop valve 12 are arranged on the eighth gas pipeline, and the stop valve 12 is used for one-way sealing. A port III of the four-way joint II 29 is connected with a port I of a solenoid valve II 13, a port II of the solenoid valve II 13 is connected with an inlet of a gas chamber II 8, an outlet of the gas chamber II 8 is connected with a port I of a three-way solenoid valve I9, a port II of the three-way solenoid valve I9 is connected with an inlet of a chemiluminescence apparatus 10, and a port III of the three-way solenoid valve I9 is connected with air; a port IV of the four-way joint II 29 is connected with the electrochemical sensor 17 through a gas pipeline III; and a three-way electromagnetic valve II 13, a pump II 15 and a Nafion pipe 16 are arranged on the gas pipeline III. And a port I of the three-way electromagnetic valve II 13 is connected with a port IV of the four-way joint II 29, a port II of the three-way electromagnetic valve II is connected with an inlet of the pump II 15, and a port III of the three-way electromagnetic valve II is connected with a gas pipeline nine. The outlet of the second pump 15 is connected with the inlet of a Nafion pipe 16, and the outlet of the Nafion pipe 16 is connected with the inlet of an electrochemical sensor 17. The gas pipeline nine is provided with a filter 14, and the filter 14 is filled with chemical or physical materials capable of filtering gas molecules to be detected in the air and used for providing a background signal. The first pump 11 and the second pump 15 control different pumping flow rates through PWM pulses. The Nafion tube 16 is used for ensuring that the gas humidity passing through the electrochemical sensor 17 is the same as the air humidity at each time, so as to avoid the influence of the humidity on the detection result and ensure the accuracy of the detection result.
The detection method of the detector comprises the following steps:
(1) oral breath detection
(11) Oral breath sampling
The patient holds the expiration filter (namely expiration entry 1), begins to exhale, when expiration flow reaches the initial pressure of settlement, opens solenoid valve three 5, and expiration air current passes through solenoid valve three 5 from expiration entry 1 and arranges to the atmosphere, and this is the evacuation process, and the purpose is used for exhausting the residual gas in the human air flue dead space atmosphere, reaches the gaseous entering equipment after the evacuation volume. After a certain evacuation time or reaching a certain volume (150 ml for adults and 50ml for children), closing the third electromagnetic valve 5, opening the first electromagnetic valve 3 and the second electromagnetic valve 7, adjusting the breath to corresponding flow, and allowing the breath to enter the first air chamber 4 and the second air chamber 8 to finish sampling; and a first three-way electromagnetic valve 9 is kept normally open to the atmosphere. There is a "dead space" in the human airway model, always will have a part of residual gas to exhale completely during breathing each time, so when exhaling the sample, need the expired gas behind this part of residual gas of evacuation in advance just can be used for the analysis and detection, so set up solenoid valve three 5 for with dead space gas exhaust atmosphere.
(12) Oral breath analysis
Under the drive of a pump III 25 in the chemiluminescence apparatus 10, gas in a gas chamber I4 pushes gas in a gas chamber II 8 to enter a detection module 23 in the chemiluminescence apparatus 10 for response through a switching passage of a solenoid valve II 7 and a three-way solenoid valve I9, so that the concentration of the gas to be detected is obtained; the detection module 23 of the chemiluminescence apparatus 10 is calibrated at the time of factory shipment using a standard substance.
(2) Nasal exhalation detection
(21) Nasal breath sampling
One nostril is blocked by the disposable nasal breathing head, the electromagnetic valve I3 and the pump I11 are opened, the nasal cavity air is pumped into the air chamber I4 by the pump I11, sampling is completed, and the pump I11 is closed.
(22) Nasal exhalation analysis
The first analysis process is as follows: the second pump 15 is firstly opened, under the action of the second pump 15, the gas in the first air chamber 4 enters the Nafion pipe 16 through the normally open passage of the three-way electromagnetic valve II 13, the gas enters the electrochemical sensor 17 after being subjected to humidity balance in the Nafion pipe 16, and the electrochemical sensor 17 responds to the gas in the first air chamber 4 to generate a signal S1. The normally open passage of the second three-way electromagnetic valve 13 refers to an air passage between the first port and the second port of the second three-way electromagnetic valve 13. The switching path of the second three-way electromagnetic valve 13 refers to an air path between the first port and the third port of the second three-way electromagnetic valve 13.
And (5) analysis process II: and closing the first electromagnetic valve 3, opening the second three-way electromagnetic valve 13, allowing air to enter the Nafion pipe 16 through a switching passage of the filter 14 and the second three-way electromagnetic valve 13 under the action of the second pump 15, performing humidity balance in the Nafion pipe 16, and allowing the air to enter the electrochemical sensor 17, wherein the electrochemical sensor 17 responds to all gas in the air to obtain a background signal S0.
After the first analysis process and the second analysis process are finished, all the pump valves are closed; and subtracting all background response signals S0 from the response signal S1 of the gas in the first gas chamber, namely the response signal S of the gas to be detected is S1-S0, and dividing the response signal S by the sensitivity S of the sensor, namely the concentration of the gas to be detected. The sensitivity of the electrochemical sensor 10 is calibrated at the time of shipment using standard substances.
Example two
As shown in fig. 2, the second air chamber 8 can be connected with more than one third air chamber 18 in parallel. At this time, the second electromagnetic valve 7 in the first embodiment is changed to a three-way electromagnetic valve, and the three-way electromagnetic valve is set to be a three-way electromagnetic valve. And a port I of the three-way electromagnetic valve III is connected with a port III of the four-way joint II 29, a port II is connected with an inlet of the air chamber II 8, and the port III is connected with the chemiluminescence apparatus 10 through the air chamber III 18. The front end of the air chamber III 18 is connected with a normally open passage of the three-way electromagnetic valve III, and the rear end of the air chamber III 18 is connected with the other air inlet of the chemiluminescence apparatus 10. The other structures are not changed, and the same as the first embodiment is adopted. The second air chamber 8 is a slender tube with the volume of 10-60 ml, and the third air chamber is made of flexible material with the volume larger than 200ml, such as an air bag.
The detection method of the detector in the embodiment comprises the following steps:
(1) oral breath detection
(11) Oral breath sampling
The patient holds the expiration filter (namely expiration entry 1), begins to exhale, when expiration flow reaches the initial pressure of settlement, opens solenoid valve three 5, and expiration air current passes through solenoid valve three 5 from expiration entry 1 and arranges to the atmosphere, and this is the evacuation process, and the purpose is used for exhausting the residual gas in the human air flue dead space atmosphere, reaches the gaseous entering equipment after the evacuation volume. After a certain evacuation time or a certain volume (150 ml for adults and 50ml for children), closing the third electromagnetic valve 5, opening the first electromagnetic valve 3, adjusting the breath to the corresponding flow rate, and allowing the breath to enter the first air chamber 4 and the third air chamber 18, and opening the third electromagnetic valve when the gas in the third air chamber 18 reaches 150ml, and allowing the breath to enter the second air chamber 8 through the first air chamber 4. And a first three-way electromagnetic valve 9 is kept normally open to the atmosphere. And finishing sampling.
(12) Oral breath analysis
The pump III 25 in the chemiluminescence apparatus 10 extracts the gas in the gas chamber III 18 for pre-response, when the gas in the gas chamber III 18 is nearly exhausted (the positive pressure is reduced), the three-way electromagnetic valve I9 is opened, and under the driving of the pump III 25 in the chemiluminescence apparatus 10, the gas in the gas chamber I4 pushes the gas in the gas chamber II 8 to enter the detection module 23 of the chemiluminescence apparatus 10 for response through the switching passages of the electromagnetic valve II 7 and the three-way electromagnetic valve I9, so that the concentration of the gas to be detected is obtained. The detection module of the chemiluminescence apparatus 10 is calibrated by using a standard substance when being shipped from a factory.
By adding the air chamber three 18 made of flexible material, the length of the air chamber two 8 and the whole volume of the air chamber two 8 can be reduced. The expired air of the preceding section of exhaling that air chamber three 18 gathered, and the expiration of the stable flow of expiration back end gets into air chamber one 4 and air chamber two 8, and the sample gas in air chamber three 18 is used for responding in advance to chemiluminescence appearance 10, reaches chemiluminescence appearance 10 response time back, detects the sample gas that awaits measuring in air chamber one 4 and the air chamber two 8 to obtain the concentration of the gas that awaits measuring in the mouth expiration of stable and accurate gas.
(2) Nasal exhalation detection
(21) Nasal breath sampling
One nostril is blocked by the disposable nasal breathing head, the first electromagnetic valve and the first pump are opened, the nasal cavity air is pumped into the first air chamber by the first pump, sampling is completed, and the first pump is closed.
(22) Nasal exhalation analysis
The first analysis process is as follows: the second pump 15 is firstly opened, under the action of the second pump 15, the gas in the first air chamber 4 enters the Nafion pipe 16 through the normally open passage of the three-way electromagnetic valve II 13, the gas enters the electrochemical sensor 17 after being subjected to humidity balance in the Nafion pipe 16, and the electrochemical sensor 17 responds to the gas in the first air chamber 4 to generate a signal S1. The normally open passage of the second three-way electromagnetic valve 13 refers to an air passage between the first port and the second port of the second three-way electromagnetic valve 13. The switching path of the second three-way electromagnetic valve 13 refers to an air path between the first port and the third port of the second three-way electromagnetic valve.
And (5) analysis process II: and closing the first electromagnetic valve 3, opening the second three-way electromagnetic valve 13, allowing air to enter the Nafion pipe 16 through a switching passage of the filter 14 and the second three-way electromagnetic valve 13 under the action of the second pump 15, performing humidity balance in the Nafion pipe 16, and allowing the air to enter the electrochemical sensor 17, wherein the electrochemical sensor 17 responds to all gas in the air to obtain a background signal S0.
After the first analysis process and the second analysis process are finished, all the pump valves are closed; and subtracting all background response signals S0 from the response signal S1 of the gas in the gas chamber I4, namely the response signal S of the gas to be detected is S1-S0, and dividing the response signal S by the sensitivity S of the sensor, namely the concentration of the gas to be detected. The sensitivity of the electrochemical sensor 17 is calibrated at the time of shipment using a standard substance.
The above-mentioned embodiments are merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements (such as adding more air chambers) to the technical solution of the present invention by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention should fall into the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A gas detector with multi-channel and multi-detector is characterized in that: the device comprises an expiration inlet, a first air chamber, a second air chamber, a chemiluminescence instrument and an electrochemical sensor;
the expiration inlet is connected with the inlet of the first gas chamber through a first gas pipeline, the outlet of the first gas chamber is connected with the inlet of the second gas chamber through a second gas pipeline, and the outlet of the first gas chamber is also connected with the inlet of the electrochemical sensor through a third gas pipeline; an outlet of the gas chamber II is connected with an inlet of the chemiluminescence apparatus through a gas pipeline IV;
a first electromagnetic valve is arranged on the first gas pipeline; a second electromagnetic valve is arranged on the second gas pipeline; and a first three-way electromagnetic valve is arranged on the fourth gas pipeline.
2. The gas detector of claim 1, wherein: the first gas pipeline is provided with a first four-way connector, the first port of the first four-way connector is connected with an exhalation inlet, the second port of the first four-way connector is connected with the first port of the first electromagnetic valve, the third port of the first four-way connector is connected with a fifth gas pipeline, and the fourth port of the first four-way connector is connected with a sixth gas pipeline; a second port of the first electromagnetic valve is connected with an inlet of the first air chamber; a third electromagnetic valve is arranged on the gas pipeline five; and a pressure sensor is arranged on the gas pipeline six.
3. A gas detector with multiple channels and multiple detectors in accordance with claim 2, wherein: the first gas chamber is connected with a second gas pipeline and a third gas pipeline through a four-way joint II; an outlet of the first air chamber is connected with a first port of the four-way joint II through a seventh gas pipeline; a second port of the four-way joint II is connected with a eighth gas pipeline; a first pump and a stop valve are arranged on the gas pipeline eight; a port III of the four-way joint II is connected with a port I of a solenoid valve II, a port II of the solenoid valve II is connected with an inlet of a gas chamber II, an outlet of the gas chamber II is connected with a port I of a three-way solenoid valve I, a port II of the three-way solenoid valve I is connected with an inlet of a chemiluminescence instrument, and a port III of the three-way solenoid valve I is connected with air; a port IV of the four-way joint II is connected with the electrochemical sensor through a gas pipeline III; the gas pipeline III is provided with a three-way electromagnetic valve II, a pump II and a Nafion pipe; the port I of the three-way electromagnetic valve II is connected with the port IV of the four-way joint II, the port II of the three-way electromagnetic valve II is connected with the inlet of the pump II, and the port III of the three-way electromagnetic valve II is connected with the gas pipeline nine; the outlet of the second pump is connected with the inlet of a Nafion pipe, and the outlet of the Nafion pipe is connected with the inlet of an electrochemical sensor; and a filter is arranged on the gas pipeline nine.
4. A gas detector with multiple channels and multiple detectors in accordance with claim 3, wherein: the electromagnetic valve II is a three-way electromagnetic valve, and the three-way electromagnetic valve is a three-way electromagnetic valve III; and a port I of the three-way electromagnetic valve III is connected with a port III of the four-way connector II, the port II is connected with an inlet of the air chamber II, and the port III is connected with the chemiluminescence instrument through the air chamber III.
5. The gas detector with multiple channels and multiple detectors of claim 4, wherein: the gas pipeline I, the gas pipeline II, the gas pipeline III, the gas pipeline IV, the gas pipeline V, the gas pipeline VI, the gas pipeline VII, the gas pipeline VIII and the gas pipeline IX all adopt plastic pipes.
6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the method comprises: the method comprises the following steps:
(11) oral breath sampling
The patient sucks the expiratory filter to start expiration, when the expiratory flow reaches a set initial pressure, the third electromagnetic valve is opened, after a certain evacuation time or after a certain volume (150 ml for adults and 50ml for children) is reached, the third electromagnetic valve is closed, the first electromagnetic valve and the second electromagnetic valve are opened, the oral expiration is adjusted to corresponding flow to enter the first air chamber and the second air chamber, and sampling is completed; the first three-way electromagnetic valve is kept normally open to the atmosphere;
(12) oral breath analysis
Under the driving of a pump III in the chemiluminescence instrument, gas in the gas chamber I pushes gas in the gas chamber II to enter a detection module in the chemiluminescence instrument for response through a switching passage of a solenoid valve II and a three-way solenoid valve I, and the concentration of the gas to be detected is obtained;
(2) nasal exhalation detection
(21) Nasal breath sampling
One nostril is blocked by a disposable nasal breathing head, a first electromagnetic valve and a first pump are opened, nasal cavity air is pumped into a first air chamber by the first pump, sampling is completed, and the first pump is closed;
(22) nasal exhalation analysis
The first analysis process is as follows: firstly, opening a second pump, enabling the gas in the first air chamber to enter a Nafion pipe through a normally open passage of a three-way electromagnetic valve II under the action of the second pump, carrying out humidity balance in the Nafion pipe, and then enabling the gas to enter an electrochemical sensor, wherein the electrochemical sensor responds to the gas in the first air chamber to generate a signal S1;
and (5) analysis process II: closing the first electromagnetic valve, opening the second three-way electromagnetic valve, allowing air to enter the Nafion pipe through a switching passage of the filter and the second three-way electromagnetic valve under the action of the second pump, performing humidity balance in the Nafion pipe, and allowing the air to enter the electrochemical sensor, wherein the electrochemical sensor responds to all gases in the air to generate a background signal S0;
after the first analysis process and the second analysis process are finished, all the pump valves are closed; and subtracting all background response signals S0 from the response signal S1 of the gas in the first gas chamber, namely the response signal S of the gas to be detected is S1-S0, and dividing the response signal S by the sensitivity S of the sensor, namely the concentration of the gas to be detected.
7. The method of claim 4, wherein the method comprises: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) oral breath detection
(11) Oral breath sampling
The patient holds an exhalation filter (namely an exhalation inlet), starts to exhale, when the exhalation flow reaches a set initial pressure, opens a third electromagnetic valve, closes the third electromagnetic valve after a certain evacuation time or reaches a certain volume (150 ml for adults and 50ml for children), opens the first electromagnetic valve, adjusts the mouth exhalation into a corresponding flow to enter a first air chamber and a third air chamber, when the gas in the third air chamber reaches 150ml, opens a third electromagnetic valve, and the exhalation enters a second air chamber through the first air chamber; the first three-way electromagnetic valve is kept normally open to the atmosphere; completing sampling;
(12) oral breath analysis
A pump III in the chemiluminescence apparatus pumps gas in a gas chamber III for pre-response, when the positive pressure of the gas in the gas chamber III is reduced, a three-way electromagnetic valve I is opened, and under the driving of the pump in the chemiluminescence apparatus, the gas in the gas chamber I pushes the gas in the gas chamber II to enter a detection module of the chemiluminescence apparatus for response through a switching passage of the electromagnetic valve II and the three-way electromagnetic valve I, so that the concentration of the gas to be detected is obtained;
(2) nasal exhalation detection
(21) Nasal breath sampling
One nostril is blocked by a disposable nasal breathing head, a first electromagnetic valve and a first pump are opened, nasal cavity air is pumped into a first air chamber by the first pump, sampling is completed, and the first pump is closed;
(22) nasal exhalation analysis
The first analysis process is as follows: firstly, opening a second pump, enabling the gas in the first air chamber to enter a Nafion pipe through a normally open passage of a three-way electromagnetic valve II under the action of the second pump, carrying out humidity balance in the Nafion pipe, and then enabling the gas to enter an electrochemical sensor, wherein the electrochemical sensor responds to the gas in the first air chamber to generate a signal S1;
and (5) analysis process II: closing the first electromagnetic valve, opening the second three-way electromagnetic valve, allowing air to enter the Nafion pipe through a switching passage of the filter and the second three-way electromagnetic valve under the action of the second pump, performing humidity balance in the Nafion pipe, and allowing the air to enter the electrochemical sensor, wherein the electrochemical sensor responds to all gases in the air to generate a background signal S0;
after the first analysis process and the second analysis process are finished, all the pump valves are closed; and subtracting all background response signals S0 from the response signal S1 of the gas in the first gas chamber, namely the response signal S of the gas to be detected is S1-S0, and dividing the response signal S by the sensitivity S of the sensor, namely the concentration of the gas to be detected.
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