CN112627783A - Experimental device for improving gas injection recovery ratio through low-frequency pressure transformation - Google Patents
Experimental device for improving gas injection recovery ratio through low-frequency pressure transformation Download PDFInfo
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- CN112627783A CN112627783A CN201910903653.3A CN201910903653A CN112627783A CN 112627783 A CN112627783 A CN 112627783A CN 201910903653 A CN201910903653 A CN 201910903653A CN 112627783 A CN112627783 A CN 112627783A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/16—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons
- E21B43/166—Injecting a gaseous medium; Injecting a gaseous medium and a liquid medium
- E21B43/168—Injecting a gaseous medium
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B49/00—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
- G01N15/082—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample
- G01N15/0826—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample and measuring fluid flow rate, i.e. permeation rate or pressure change
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/02—Analysing fluids
- G01N29/032—Analysing fluids by measuring attenuation of acoustic waves
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/01—Indexing codes associated with the measuring variable
- G01N2291/015—Attenuation, scattering
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
- G01N2291/024—Mixtures
- G01N2291/02433—Gases in liquids, e.g. bubbles, foams
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
- G01N2291/024—Mixtures
- G01N2291/02441—Liquids in porous solids
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
- G01N2291/024—Mixtures
- G01N2291/0245—Gases in porous solids
Abstract
The invention provides an experimental device for improving gas injection recovery ratio by low-frequency pressure transformation, which comprises: the gas saturation monitoring device comprises a rock model, a high-pressure kettle, a low-frequency variable-pressure device, an ultrasonic transmitting and receiving device and a gas injection and oil displacement device, wherein the rock model is positioned in the high-pressure kettle and simulates an actual oil reservoir stratum; the low-frequency voltage transformation device is used for changing the distribution state of the residual oil in the rock model; and the gas injection oil displacement device performs gas injection oil displacement after the rock model reaches an oil saturation state and the distribution state of the residual oil is changed, and determines the improvement rate of the gas injection recovery ratio according to twice gas injection oil displacement. This scheme makes the remaining oil in the oil reservoir hole receive pressure influence through causing pressure variation between injection and production well to improve the recovery rate of remaining oil.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of oilfield development, in particular to an experimental device for improving gas injection recovery ratio through low-frequency pressure transformation.
Background
The gas injection oil displacement technology is an advantageous technology in the later stage of water injection development and low-permeability reservoir development, has the advantages of low seepage resistance, fast recovery of stratum pressure, obvious oil displacement effect and the like, but also has the defect difficult to overcome, namely, gas easily flows in the reservoir along a high-permeability channel, once the gas advances, a channel is formed in the reservoir, and after the gas is produced from a production well, the later-stage injected gas can hardly play an oil displacement role. In the oil deposit, partial pores including the channeling channel still contain residual oil with higher saturation, the prior art has a method for blocking the partial channeling channel, but generally only can solve the near-wellbore region, and the blocking agent is difficult to enter the deep part of the oil deposit.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides an experimental device for improving gas injection recovery ratio by low-frequency pressure transformation, and solves the technical problem that the recovery ratio of residual oil in a channeling channel and peripheral pores cannot be improved in the prior art.
The experiment for improving the gas injection recovery ratio by low-frequency pressure transformation comprises the following steps: the device comprises a rock model, a high-pressure kettle, a low-frequency voltage transformation device, an ultrasonic transmitting and receiving device and a gas injection and oil displacement device, wherein the rock model is respectively connected with the low-frequency voltage transformation device, the ultrasonic transmitting and receiving device and the gas injection and oil displacement device;
the rock model is used for simulating an actual oil reservoir stratum, a low-frequency variable pressure well and an ultrasonic probe are preset in the rock model, wherein the low-frequency variable pressure well is connected with a low-frequency variable pressure device, the low-frequency variable pressure well is a pipeline with a lower section of an opening and is communicated with the actual oil reservoir simulated by the rock model through the lower section of the opening, the ultrasonic probe is connected with an ultrasonic transmitting and receiving device, the ultrasonic probe is triggered to transmit and receive ultrasonic waves through the ultrasonic transmitting and receiving device, and the gas saturation change process is monitored through the change of the ultrasonic attenuation amplitude;
confining pressure liquid is arranged in the high-pressure kettle, and the rock model is surrounded by the confining pressure liquid and is used for simulating formation pressure; the high-pressure kettle comprises a plurality of through holes which are respectively used for a signal line of an ultrasonic probe, a fluid line connected between the rock model and the gas injection oil displacement device and a low-frequency variable-pressure well to pass through;
the low-frequency voltage transformation device is used for: when an oil reservoir stratum forming gas channeling is simulated by the rock model, introducing gas into the low-frequency variable-pressure well at a preset frequency, so that the pressure in the rock model is intermittently increased and decreased, and the distribution state of the residual oil in the rock model is changed;
the gas injection oil displacement device is used for: simulating saturated water and saturated oil of the rock model, performing gas injection oil displacement when the rock model reaches an oil saturation state, performing gas injection oil displacement after the distribution state of the residual oil in the rock model is changed, and determining the gas injection recovery rate improvement rate according to the gas injection recovery rate of the gas injection oil displacement when the rock model reaches the oil saturation state and the gas injection recovery rate of the gas injection oil displacement after the distribution state of the residual oil in the rock model is changed.
In the embodiment of the invention, the provided experimental device is characterized in that a low-frequency pressure varying well is arranged in a rock model, the pressure variation process is monitored through an ultrasonic transmitting and receiving device, and low-frequency pressure variation is caused between an injection well and a production well through the low-frequency pressure varying device, so that residual oil in oil deposit pores in the action range is influenced by pressure, and the recovery rate of the residual oil is improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a distribution diagram of gas in a one-dimensional columnar rock model during gas injection;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional gas distribution diagram of gas in a one-dimensional columnar rock model during gas injection;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the distribution of residual oil in an enlarged region of a gas in a one-dimensional columnar rock model during gas injection;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the pressure distribution over the length of a one-dimensional columnar rock model during gas injection;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an experimental apparatus for improving gas injection recovery through low-frequency pressure transformation according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a front view of a rock model provided by an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a low frequency variable pressure well in a rock model provided by an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 8 is a side view of a rock model provided by an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of an autoclave configuration provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a front view of an end cap configuration for an autoclave provided in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of an end cap configuration for an autoclave in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is an overall structure diagram of an autoclave for placing a rock model according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 13 is a schematic structural diagram of a low-frequency transformer according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 14 is a schematic structural diagram of an adjustable intermediate container in the low-frequency transformer apparatus according to the embodiment of the invention;
fig. 15 is a schematic structural diagram of a positioning short joint in the low-frequency transformer device provided in the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 16 is a side view and a top view of an upper plug in the low frequency transformer apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 17 is a side view and a top view of a lower plug in the low frequency transformer apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 18 is a schematic structural view of an end cap in the low-frequency converter device according to the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 19 is an assembled view of an adjustable intermediate container assembly in a low frequency transformer apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 20 is a schematic diagram of a pressure profile for a low frequency pressure swing process using a low frequency pressure swing enhanced gas injection recovery experimental apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the prior art, a one-dimensional columnar rock model is generally adopted to research a gas injection oil displacement mechanism. The larger the diameter of the rock model is, the more easily the gas channeling effect appears. If slug displacement is studied, the smaller the diameter the better, typically 2.5cm diameter cores are used. If the influence of gas channeling on the production level is studied, cores with a diameter of 3.8cm or more are used, and rectangular long cores are also more commonly used. Fig. 1 to 3 show the gas and fluid states in the model during the gas injection process in the rectangular long core. Fig. 1 shows that after gas is produced on a longitudinal section, a main gas channel is formed in the middle of a core, and an unswept gas area exists around the core. Fig. 2 shows the shape of the main gas channel and unswept region in cross-section. Fig. 3 is an enlarged view of a partial area in fig. 2, showing that residual oil remains in a part of pores of the main channel, because after gas channeling, the gas flow in the main channel tends to be stable, and a part of the residual oil cannot flow due to the blocking, interfacial tension, adsorption and other effects of rock particles.
FIG. 4 shows the pressure profile along the length of the core model for steady production of gas injection. The highest pressure at the inlet is the injection pressure Pin and the lowest pressure at the outlet is the outlet pressure Pout. There is a pressure drop funnel at the core inlet, i.e. the pressure drop gradient is large, after which the pressure tends to be flat and the difference Δ P between the pressure Pi and Pout at the i-position is small. And the curve 1 and the curve 2 respectively show the pressure distribution of the high-permeability core and the low-permeability core, and the differential pressure low-permeability core at the position i is smaller than that of the high-permeability core, so that the residual oil in the pores of the low-permeability core is more than that of the high-permeability core. That is, the lower the permeability of the rock model, the more severe the effects of gas channeling, the higher the remaining oil saturation, and the lower the degree of recovery (i.e., recovery).
The invention provides a low-frequency voltage transformation method aiming at the distribution position and the stress characteristics of residual oil in rock pores. Namely: the pressure is raised and lowered intermittently at a frequency at a low pressure location by special means, causing a range of pressure variations around the location. The effect makes the original stable gas flow changed, the gas seepage direction undergoes reversal change within a frequency, thereby the state of the residual oil in the pore space of the swept range is changed, a part of the residual oil reaches the flowing state and is extracted, and the extraction degree is improved.
Specifically, fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an experimental apparatus for improving gas injection recovery through low-frequency pressure transformation according to an embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 5, the experimental apparatus for improving gas injection recovery through low-frequency pressure transformation includes: the device comprises a rock model 1, an autoclave 2, a low-frequency voltage transformation device 3, an ultrasonic transmitting and receiving device 4 and a gas injection oil displacement device, wherein the rock model 1 is respectively connected with the low-frequency voltage transformation device 3, the ultrasonic transmitting and receiving device 4 and the gas injection oil displacement device, the rock model 1 is positioned in the autoclave 2, and the gas injection oil displacement device is connected with the autoclave.
Rock model
The rock model 1 is used for simulating an actual reservoir formation, and as shown in fig. 6, the rock model 1 includes: the system comprises a low-frequency variable pressure well 11, an ultrasonic probe 12, a signal line 13, a pressure pipe 14, an inlet pipeline 15, an outlet pipeline 16, rock 17 and a pouring layer 18. The low-frequency transformer well 11 is connected with the low-frequency transformer device 3, and the ultrasonic probe 12 is connected with the ultrasonic transmitting and receiving device 4.
The rock model making process is as follows:
a. a hole 19 is drilled in the middle of the long rock 17 and a low frequency variable pressure well 11 is placed in the hole 19, see fig. 7. The low-frequency variable pressure well 11 is a steel pipe 23 with an opening at the lower section, and the sealing ring 20 is positioned to enable the steel pipe to be in close contact with the wall of the hole, so that the low-frequency variable pressure well is fixed; the positioning tube 21 is positioned above the positioning sealing ring 20 and plays a role in limiting the positioning sealing ring 20; at the top of the wellbore is a plugging seal 22 for plugging gas and liquid from escaping the rock formation through the wellbore. The integral design of the part aims to ensure that the lower open hole section of the fluid low-frequency variable pressure well has seepage and the upper section does not have cross flow in the experimental process.
b. And the ultrasonic probes 12 are arranged on the opposite sides of the rock model, and the ultrasonic probes on the two sides correspond to each other in a straight line. The ultrasonic probe at one side transmits ultrasonic waves, the ultrasonic probe at one side receives the ultrasonic waves, and the gas saturation change process is monitored through the change of the attenuation amplitude of the ultrasonic waves. After the ultrasonic probe is installed, the corresponding signal lines are numbered and then converged by a steel pipe (i.e., a protection pipe, which is a pressure-resistant pipe), as shown in fig. 6 and 8.
c. And (3) pouring a model, wherein an epoxy resin reinforcing agent is used for pouring at the periphery of the rock model to ensure that glue does not leak into the low-frequency variable-pressure well wall, and meanwhile, the initial part of the protective tube of the signal wire is poured into the low-frequency variable-pressure well wall, so that the signal wire is completely isolated from fluid in the high-pressure kettle annulus, and the fluid is prevented from leaking along the signal wire, which is shown in fig. 6 and 8.
② high pressure autoclave
Autoclaves, apparatuses for industrially carrying out chemical reactions under high pressure. With stirring or heat transfer means. Also called autoclave. The pressure gauge, the rupture membrane safety device, the vapor-liquid phase valve, the temperature sensor and the like are arranged on the kettle cover, so that the reaction condition in the kettle can be conveniently known at any time, the medium proportion in the kettle can be adjusted, and the safe operation can be ensured.
Because the manufactured rock model 1 is still long-strip-shaped, the corresponding high-pressure autoclave 2 can adopt a cylindrical high-pressure container, as shown in figure 9, the high-pressure autoclave can be formed by transforming a full-diameter long core barrel and an intermediate container, the condition is that the inner diameter and the length of the barrel body 24 of the high-pressure autoclave meet the size of the model, the pressure resistance condition of the high-pressure autoclave meets the requirement of experimental design, the pressure resistance of the high-pressure autoclave with the structure can reach 70MPa, and the stratum pressure condition of most oil reservoirs in China is met.
And confining pressure liquid is filled in the autoclave 2, and the rock model 1 is surrounded by the confining pressure liquid and is used for simulating formation pressure. The autoclave comprises a plurality of through holes (equal-diameter through holes 25), wherein the through holes comprise a signal line through hole 251 and a fluid through hole 252, the signal line through hole 251 is used for a signal line of an ultrasonic probe to pass through, the fluid through hole 252 is used for a fluid line connected between a rock model and a gas injection oil displacement device to pass through, and the through holes for a low-frequency variable-pressure well to pass through are also formed. As shown in fig. 9 to 11, the plurality of through holes are located on two end covers 26 of the autoclave, bolt through holes 27 are arranged on the two end covers of the autoclave, bolt inner buckles 28 are arranged on the cylinder, the end covers 26 and the cylinder 24 are sealed by using bolts through the bolt through holes 27 and the bolt inner buckles 28, the bolt compression sealing mode is beneficial to keeping the model in the cylinder stable in position, if the screw thread is adopted to rotate the pressing cover, the model needs to rotate synchronously during rotation, and the difficulty is high, so the sealing mode of the bolt compression end covers is adopted. The effect of placing the rock model in the autoclave is shown in figure 12.
③ low frequency transformer
The low-frequency pressure changing device 3 mainly comprises an adjustable intermediate container 31, a high-pressure container 32, a gas booster pump 33, a gas cylinder 34 and a plurality of control valves, wherein the valves are numbered for expression: a first control valve 35, a second control valve 36, a third control valve 37, a fourth control valve 38, a fifth control valve 39, a sixth control valve 40, see fig. 5 and 13. The high pressure vessel, gas booster pump and control valves are conventional products and will not be described in detail. The adjustable intermediate container 31, the high-pressure container 32, the gas booster pump 33 and the gas cylinder 34 are sequentially connected, the first control valve 35 is installed between one end of the adjustable intermediate container 31 and the low-frequency variable-pressure well 11, the second control valve 36 and the third control valve 37 are installed between one end of the adjustable intermediate container 31 and the high-pressure container 32, the fourth control valve 38 is installed between the high-pressure container 32 and the gas booster pump 33, the fifth control valve 39 is installed between the other end of the adjustable intermediate container 31 and the high-pressure container 32, and the sixth control valve 40 is installed at the other end of the adjustable intermediate container 31.
The low-frequency voltage transformation device 3 has the following functions: when the rock model simulates an oil reservoir stratum forming gas channeling, gas is introduced into the low-frequency variable-pressure well at a preset frequency, so that the pressure in the rock model is intermittently increased and decreased, and the distribution state of the residual oil in the rock model is changed. Specifically, through the opening and closing of the control valves, gas which is provided by the gas cylinder and is pressurized by the gas booster pump is introduced into the adjustable intermediate container by the high-pressure container, the high-pressure gas pushes out gas in the adjustable intermediate container into the low-frequency variable-pressure well, so that the pressure in the rock model is increased, and when the high-pressure gas in the adjustable intermediate container is exhausted, the high-pressure gas in the low-frequency variable-pressure well is reversely discharged through the adjustable intermediate container, so that the pressure in the rock model is reduced. The pressure inside the rock model undergoes a frequent transformation process during the process.
The shape of the adjustable intermediate container is the same as that of the conventional intermediate container, and a positioning part is designed in the adjustable intermediate container, so that the volume of the adjustable intermediate container can be controlled by an internal piston of the adjustable intermediate container, and the adjustable intermediate container has the functions of quick propelling and retreating.
The cylinder 314 of the adjustable intermediate container is shown in fig. 14, and the sliding piston 311, the positioning piston 312 and the positioning column 313 are arranged in the adjustable intermediate container 31. The positioning piston 312 is fixedly connected with the cylinder 314, two ends of the positioning piston 312 are respectively connected with the positioning column 313 and the sliding piston 311, and the sliding piston 311 is a solid body, sealed with the inner wall of the cylinder by double sealing rings and slidable.
The positioning piston 311 is screwed with the positioning post 313 to define a sliding piston, and the positioning piston 311 has a through hole 315 therein, so that when the sliding piston slides towards the positioning piston, the gas therein can be discharged through the through hole 315.
The positioning post 313 is assembled from a plurality of positioning stubs as shown in fig. 15, and its length is adjusted according to the required gas volume. One end of each positioning short section is provided with an outer screw thread 3131, the other end of each positioning short section is provided with an inner screw thread 3132, and different positioning short sections are connected through screw threads.
The adjustable intermediate container 31 further includes two end caps (i.e., an upper plug 318 and a lower plug 319), which are similar to conventional container plugs and are shown in fig. 16 in side view and top view, and which include a through-hole 317. The lower plug has an outer thread 316 connected to the positioning post, which is also shown in fig. 17 in a side view and a top view, and also includes a through hole 317. The upper and lower end caps are identical in construction, see fig. 18.
An assembly view of the adjustable intermediate container part is shown in fig. 19.
As shown in fig. 19, the function of the adjustable intermediate container is that when high-pressure gas is injected from the lower part, the gas pushes the sliding piston to push out the upper gas to enter the low-frequency variable pressure well until the sliding piston pushes the upper plug, and the pressure in the process model rises. When the lower gas is emptied, the gas in the model is in a high-pressure state, the sliding piston is pushed reversely until the sliding piston pushes against the positioning piston, and the pressure in the model is reduced in the process.
Specifically, the low-frequency transformer 3 functions as: opening a second control valve, a third control valve, a fourth control valve and a sixth control valve, introducing gas into the high-pressure container from a gas cylinder, increasing the pressure of the gas in the high-pressure container through a gas booster pump, enabling the high-pressure gas to enter one end of the adjustable intermediate container, pushing the sliding piston to be in contact with the positioning piston, and closing the second control valve and the sixth control valve when the pressure of the high-pressure gas in the adjustable intermediate container reaches a first preset pressure;
adjusting a gas booster pump to enable the pressure of gas in a high-pressure container to be increased to a second preset pressure, wherein the first preset pressure is smaller than the second preset pressure, opening a first control valve, a third control valve and a fifth control valve, pushing a sliding piston by the gas in the high-pressure container to press the gas at one end into a rock model through a low-frequency variable-pressure well, increasing the pressure in the rock model by taking a shaft as a center, and stopping pressurization for a preset time when the sliding piston contacts an end cover at one end of an adjustable intermediate container;
and closing the fifth control valve, opening the sixth control valve, and reversely pushing the sliding piston to move towards the positioning piston by the gas in the rock model, so that the gas pressure in the rock model is reduced.
Gas injection oil displacement device
The gas injection oil displacement device 5 is used for: simulating saturated water and saturated oil of the rock model, performing gas injection oil displacement when the rock model reaches an oil saturation state, performing gas injection oil displacement after the distribution state of the residual oil in the rock model is changed, and determining the gas injection recovery rate improvement rate according to the gas injection recovery rate of the gas injection oil displacement when the rock model reaches the oil saturation state and the gas injection recovery rate of the gas injection oil displacement after the distribution state of the residual oil in the rock model is changed.
As shown in fig. 5, the gas injection oil displacement device comprises a water container 51, a displacement pump 52, an intermediate container 53, a back pressure controller 54, a liquid measuring cylinder 55 and a gas flow meter 56;
the water container is connected with the displacement pump, the displacement pump is connected with an intermediate container, the intermediate container is connected with inlets of the autoclave and the rock model through inlet fluid lines, the back pressure controller is connected with an outlet of the rock model through an outlet fluid line, the back pressure controller is connected with a liquid metering cylinder, and the liquid metering cylinder is connected with a gas flowmeter;
the intermediate container comprises a gas storage container, an oil storage container and a water storage container;
the displacement pump is used for: injecting confining pressure liquid into the autoclave, wherein the confining pressure liquid is water; when the rock model is subjected to saturated water and saturated oil simulation, water and oil are injected into the rock model, and when the rock model reaches an oil saturation state and the residual oil distribution state in the rock model is changed and then gas is injected into the rock model to drive oil;
the back pressure controller is used for: when gas injection oil displacement is carried out, the outlet pressure of the rock model is kept constant through setting;
the liquid metering cylinder is used for: recording the oil mass when the rock model reaches an oil saturation state and performs gas injection and oil displacement after the distribution state of the residual oil in the rock model is changed;
the gas flow meter is configured to: and recording the gas flow when the rock model reaches an oil saturation state and performs gas injection and oil displacement after the distribution state of the residual oil in the rock model is changed.
As shown in fig. 5, the experimental apparatus for improving gas injection recovery by low frequency pressure swing further includes: and the constant temperature box 6 is used for placing the high pressure kettle and providing a constant temperature environment for the experiment.
Working process of experimental device for improving gas injection recovery ratio through low-frequency pressure transformation
Installing a rock model
And (4) presetting a low-frequency variable pressure well and installing an ultrasonic probe on the rock model, and integrally pouring. And (3) penetrating the fluid line and the signal line protection line of the manufactured rock model through a side autoclave end cover, and sealing the fluid line and the signal line protection line outside the autoclave end cover by a screw thread pressing cap. And slowly placing the rock model into the autoclave, slightly adjusting to align the bolt holes of the end cover with the bolt holes of the barrel body, and fastening the bolts to finish one-side installation of the autoclave.
The rock model is finely adjusted on the other side of the autoclave, and the signal line protection pipeline and the fluid line have larger torsion room, so that the placing state of the rock model can be ensured. The side end caps are then installed and bolted together.
② saturated fluid
The autoclave was placed in an incubator, and fluid lines and signal lines were connected in accordance with the flow shown in FIG. 5. And (3) injecting confining pressure liquid (water) into the high-pressure kettle by using a displacement pump, wherein the rock model is surrounded by the confining pressure liquid, and the confining pressure is always higher than the internal pressure of the model.
Generally, the oil displacement experiment needs to firstly carry out the process of model saturated water and then saturated oil (bound water). That is, water and oil are slowly injected into the rock model one after the other using a displacement pump, typically over 3 times the pore volume. When the oil is saturated, the water is not produced at the producing end, namely the oil in the rock pores is considered to be in a saturated state.
(iii) gas injection oil displacement experiment
When gas injection and oil displacement are carried out, a back pressure controller at the outlet end is arranged, so that the outlet pressure is kept constant. The gas pressure at the inlet end is higher than that at the outlet end, oil is produced at the initial production end after gas is injected, and gas is produced at the later stage until all the produced products are gas. At this time, a gas channel (gas channeling) is formed in the rock model, the gas injection and oil displacement process is finished, and the extraction degree is eta 1.
And in the gas injection oil displacement stage, the change process of the gas saturation is monitored in real time by the ultrasonic transmitting and receiving device. Pressure sensors at the inlet, outlet, low frequency variable pressure well, etc. record pressure changes.
Low frequency voltage transformation method
And step three, after the end, closing the inlet and the outlet of the rock model, wherein the first control valve 35 of the low-frequency pressure changing device is still in a closed state. The gas pressure in the high-pressure container is increased to the design pressure P1, a gas cylinder provides a gas source, and a gas booster pump is used for realizing the pressurization to the design pressure. The third control valve 37, the second control valve 36 and the sixth control valve 40 are opened, so that high-pressure gas enters the adjustable intermediate container, and the sliding piston is pushed to be in contact with the positioning piston. When the gas pressure in the adjustable intermediate container is P1, the second control valve 36 and the sixth control valve 40 are closed.
The gas booster pump is regulated to raise the pressure of the gas in the high-pressure vessel to a pressure P2(P2> P1).
The valves of the first control valve 35, the third control valve 37 and the fifth control valve 39 are opened, the gas in the high-pressure container pushes the sliding piston to quickly press the front gas into the rock model through the low-frequency variable-pressure well, and the pressure in the model is quickly increased by taking the well bore as the center (see the injection pressure line in fig. 20). After the sliding piston contacts the upper end plug, according to the experimental protocol, it is at rest for a time t1, after which a suction process is performed.
When the fifth control valve 39 is closed and then the sixth control valve 40 is opened, the gas in the rock model reversely and rapidly pushes the sliding piston to move towards the positioning piston, the pressure in the model rapidly decreases, as shown in fig. 20, fig. 20 shows that a low-frequency variable-pressure well is arranged in the middle position of the model, the pressure is increased due to the gas injected into the well, then the pressure is reduced due to the gas sucked by the well, and the analysis of the corresponding pressure curve shows thatThe state of seepage in the region of influence is necessarily influenced by pressure changes, where PfimaxAt maximum injection pressure, PfominIs the minimum suction pressure.
After this frequent pressure ramping, the remaining oil is redistributed within the rock pores. The variable pressure frequency is increased, and the distribution of the residual oil is more favorable for entering the main seepage passage.
Fifthly, the gas injection oil displacement experiment is carried out again
And step III. And opening an inlet and an outlet of the rock model, and after gas is injected, finishing the gas injection and oil displacement process when the main seepage channel (gas channeling) is filled with the gas again, wherein the extraction degree is eta 2. In general, eta 2 is improved by more than 5% compared with eta 1.
Repeating the fourth step and the fifth step for several times, namely, low frequency, the extraction degree can be gradually improved, and the final extraction degree can be improved by more than 10 percent compared with eta 1.
In summary, the experimental apparatus for improving gas injection recovery rate by low-frequency pressure transformation provided by the invention has the following beneficial effects that the low-frequency pressure transformation well is arranged in the rock model, the pressure change process is monitored by the ultrasonic transmitting and receiving device, and low-frequency secondary pressure change is caused between the injection well and the production well by the low-frequency pressure transformation device:
1. residual oil in the pores can be effectively driven, technical failure caused by flow channeling in the gas flooding process is solved, and the recovery rate of the residual oil is improved;
2. the collected data is more scientific, and a solid foundation is laid for application analysis;
3. the experimental process of the experimental device for improving the gas injection recovery ratio through low-frequency pressure transformation specifically guides research and evaluation work in a laboratory;
4. the experimental device for improving the gas injection recovery ratio through low-frequency pressure transformation provides support for the large-scale popularization of a gas injection technology.
As will be appreciated by one skilled in the art, embodiments of the present invention may be provided as a method, system, or computer program product. Accordingly, the present invention may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present invention may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, and the like) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.
The present invention is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the invention. It will be understood that each flow and/or block of the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, and combinations of flows and/or blocks in the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instruction means which implement the function specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made to the embodiment of the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (13)
1. The utility model provides an experimental apparatus for low frequency vary voltage improves gas injection recovery ratio which characterized in that includes: the device comprises a rock model, a high-pressure kettle, a low-frequency voltage transformation device, an ultrasonic transmitting and receiving device and a gas injection and oil displacement device, wherein the rock model is respectively connected with the low-frequency voltage transformation device, the ultrasonic transmitting and receiving device and the gas injection and oil displacement device;
the rock model is used for simulating an actual oil reservoir stratum, a low-frequency variable pressure well and an ultrasonic probe are preset in the rock model, wherein the low-frequency variable pressure well is connected with a low-frequency variable pressure device, the low-frequency variable pressure well is a pipeline with a lower section of an opening and is communicated with the actual oil reservoir simulated by the rock model through the lower section of the opening, the ultrasonic probe is connected with an ultrasonic transmitting and receiving device, the ultrasonic probe is triggered to transmit and receive ultrasonic waves through the ultrasonic transmitting and receiving device, and the gas saturation change process is monitored through the change of the ultrasonic attenuation amplitude;
confining pressure liquid is arranged in the high-pressure kettle, and the rock model is surrounded by the confining pressure liquid and is used for simulating formation pressure; the high-pressure kettle comprises a plurality of through holes which are respectively used for a signal line of an ultrasonic probe, a fluid line connected between the rock model and the gas injection oil displacement device and a low-frequency variable-pressure well to pass through;
the low-frequency voltage transformation device is used for: when an oil reservoir stratum forming gas channeling is simulated by the rock model, introducing gas into the low-frequency variable-pressure well at a preset frequency, so that the pressure in the rock model is intermittently increased and decreased, and the distribution state of the residual oil in the rock model is changed;
the gas injection oil displacement device is used for: simulating saturated water and saturated oil of the rock model, performing gas injection oil displacement when the rock model reaches an oil saturation state, performing gas injection oil displacement after the distribution state of the residual oil in the rock model is changed, and determining the gas injection recovery rate improvement rate according to the gas injection recovery rate of the gas injection oil displacement when the rock model reaches the oil saturation state and the gas injection recovery rate of the gas injection oil displacement after the distribution state of the residual oil in the rock model is changed.
2. The low frequency pressure swing enhanced gas injection recovery experimental apparatus of claim 1, further comprising: the device comprises a positioning sealing ring, a positioning pipe and a plugging sealing ring;
the middle part of the rock model comprises a drilling hole, the low-frequency variable pressure well is positioned in the drilling hole, and the low-frequency variable pressure well is in contact with the wall of the drilling hole through a positioning sealing ring, so that the low-frequency variable pressure well is fixed;
the positioning pipe is positioned above the positioning sealing ring and used for limiting the positioning sealing ring;
the blocking sealing ring is positioned at the top of the drilling hole and used for blocking gas and liquid from flowing out of the rock model through the drilling hole.
3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the ultrasonic probes are mounted on opposite sides of the rock model, the ultrasonic probes on two sides are aligned with each other, the ultrasonic probe on one side transmits ultrasonic waves, and the ultrasonic probe on one side receives ultrasonic waves.
4. The low frequency pressure swing enhanced gas injection recovery experimental apparatus of claim 1, further comprising: the protection tube is used for gathering the signal line of the ultrasonic probe, one end of the protection tube is located in the rock model, and the other end of the protection tube penetrates out of the autoclave through the through hole in the autoclave, so that the signal line is completely isolated from the confining pressure liquid in the annulus of the autoclave, and the confining pressure liquid is prevented from leaking along the signal line.
5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the outer periphery of the rock model is cast with an epoxy hardener and one end of the protective tube is cast into the rock model.
6. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the protective tube is a pressure tube and the low frequency transformer well is a steel tube.
7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the plurality of through holes are located on two end caps of the autoclave, and wherein bolt through holes are located on the two end caps and the barrel of the autoclave, and wherein the end caps and the barrel are sealed by bolts through the bolt through holes.
8. The experimental apparatus for improving gas injection recovery through low frequency transformation according to claim 1, wherein the low frequency transformation apparatus comprises an adjustable intermediate container, a high pressure container, a gas booster pump, a gas cylinder and a plurality of control valves, the adjustable intermediate container, the high pressure container, the gas booster pump and the gas cylinder are connected in sequence, and the control valves are installed between the adjustable intermediate container and the high pressure container, between the high pressure container and the gas booster pump, and between the adjustable intermediate container and the low frequency transformation well;
through the opening and closing of the control valves, gas which is provided by the gas cylinder and is pressurized by the gas booster pump is introduced into the adjustable intermediate container by the high-pressure container, the gas in the adjustable intermediate container is pushed out to the low-frequency variable-pressure well by the high-pressure gas, so that the pressure in the rock model is increased, and when the high-pressure gas in the adjustable intermediate container is exhausted, the high-pressure gas in the low-frequency variable-pressure well is reversely discharged through the adjustable intermediate container, so that the pressure in the rock model is reduced.
9. The experimental apparatus for improving gas injection recovery through low-frequency pressure swing according to claim 8, wherein the adjustable intermediate container comprises a cylinder, a positioning column, a positioning piston, a sliding piston and two end caps, wherein the positioning piston is fixedly connected with the cylinder, two ends of the positioning piston are respectively connected with the positioning column and the sliding piston, and the sliding piston is sealed with the inner wall of the cylinder by a double sealing ring;
the positioning piston and the positioning column are used for limiting the action range of the sliding piston;
the positioning piston comprises a through hole, and the through hole is used for discharging gas from the through hole when the sliding piston slides to the positioning piston;
the two end covers are respectively positioned at two ends of the cylinder body, and the two end covers comprise through holes, so that the adjustable intermediate container can be communicated with the gas in the low-frequency variable-pressure well and the high-pressure container through the through holes.
10. The experimental apparatus for improving gas injection recovery through low frequency pressure swing according to claim 9, wherein the positioning column is assembled by a plurality of positioning short sections, one end of each positioning short section is an external screw thread, the other end of each positioning short section is an internal screw thread, and the different positioning short sections are connected through screw threads.
11. The low frequency pressure swing enhanced gas injection recovery experimental apparatus of claim 9, wherein the plurality of control valves comprises a first control valve, a second control valve, a third control valve, a fourth control valve, a fifth control valve, a sixth control valve;
the first control valve is arranged between one end of the adjustable intermediate container and the low-frequency variable-pressure well, the second control valve and the third control valve are arranged between one end of the adjustable intermediate container and the high-pressure container, the fourth control valve is arranged between the high-pressure container and the gas booster pump, the fifth control valve is arranged between the other end of the adjustable intermediate container and the high-pressure container, and the sixth control valve is arranged at the other end of the adjustable intermediate container;
opening a second control valve, a third control valve, a fourth control valve and a sixth control valve, introducing gas into the high-pressure container from a gas cylinder, increasing the pressure of the gas in the high-pressure container through a gas booster pump, enabling the high-pressure gas to enter one end of the adjustable intermediate container, pushing the sliding piston to be in contact with the positioning piston, and closing the second control valve and the sixth control valve when the pressure of the high-pressure gas in the adjustable intermediate container reaches a first preset pressure;
adjusting a gas booster pump to enable the pressure of gas in a high-pressure container to be increased to a second preset pressure, wherein the first preset pressure is smaller than the second preset pressure, opening a first control valve, a third control valve and a fifth control valve, pushing a sliding piston by the gas in the high-pressure container to press the gas at one end into a rock model through a low-frequency variable-pressure well, increasing the pressure in the rock model by taking a shaft as a center, and stopping pressurization for a preset time when the sliding piston contacts an end cover at one end of an adjustable intermediate container;
and closing the fifth control valve, opening the sixth control valve, and reversely pushing the sliding piston to move towards the positioning piston by the gas in the rock model, so that the gas pressure in the rock model is reduced.
12. The experimental apparatus for low frequency pressure swing enhanced gas injection recovery of claim 9, wherein the gas injection flooding apparatus comprises a water container, a displacement pump, an intermediate container, a back pressure controller, a liquid metering cylinder, and a gas flow meter;
the water container is connected with the displacement pump, the displacement pump is connected with an intermediate container, the intermediate container is connected with inlets of the autoclave and the rock model through inlet fluid lines, the back pressure controller is connected with an outlet of the rock model through an outlet fluid line, the back pressure controller is connected with a liquid metering cylinder, and the liquid metering cylinder is connected with a gas flowmeter;
the intermediate container comprises a gas storage container, an oil storage container and a water storage container;
the displacement pump is used for: injecting confining pressure liquid into the autoclave, wherein the confining pressure liquid is water; when the rock model is subjected to saturated water and saturated oil simulation, water and oil are injected into the rock model, and when the rock model reaches an oil saturation state and the residual oil distribution state in the rock model is changed and then gas is injected into the rock model to drive oil;
the back pressure controller is used for: when gas injection oil displacement is carried out, the outlet pressure of the rock model is kept constant through setting;
the liquid metering cylinder is used for: recording the oil mass when the rock model reaches an oil saturation state and performs gas injection and oil displacement after the distribution state of the residual oil in the rock model is changed;
the gas flow meter is configured to: and recording the gas flow when the rock model reaches an oil saturation state and performs gas injection and oil displacement after the distribution state of the residual oil in the rock model is changed.
13. The low frequency pressure swing enhanced gas injection recovery experimental apparatus of claim 1, further comprising: and the constant temperature box is used for placing the high-pressure kettle and providing a constant temperature environment for the experiment.
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