CN112616967A - Preparation method of rhizoma polygonati tea and product thereof - Google Patents
Preparation method of rhizoma polygonati tea and product thereof Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23F—COFFEE; TEA; THEIR SUBSTITUTES; MANUFACTURE, PREPARATION, OR INFUSION THEREOF
- A23F3/00—Tea; Tea substitutes; Preparations thereof
- A23F3/16—Tea extraction; Tea extracts; Treating tea extract; Making instant tea
- A23F3/18—Extraction of water soluble tea constituents
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23F—COFFEE; TEA; THEIR SUBSTITUTES; MANUFACTURE, PREPARATION, OR INFUSION THEREOF
- A23F3/00—Tea; Tea substitutes; Preparations thereof
- A23F3/06—Treating tea before extraction; Preparations produced thereby
- A23F3/14—Tea preparations, e.g. using additives
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23F—COFFEE; TEA; THEIR SUBSTITUTES; MANUFACTURE, PREPARATION, OR INFUSION THEREOF
- A23F3/00—Tea; Tea substitutes; Preparations thereof
- A23F3/16—Tea extraction; Tea extracts; Treating tea extract; Making instant tea
- A23F3/20—Removing unwanted substances
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23F—COFFEE; TEA; THEIR SUBSTITUTES; MANUFACTURE, PREPARATION, OR INFUSION THEREOF
- A23F3/00—Tea; Tea substitutes; Preparations thereof
- A23F3/16—Tea extraction; Tea extracts; Treating tea extract; Making instant tea
- A23F3/22—Drying or concentrating tea extract
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23F—COFFEE; TEA; THEIR SUBSTITUTES; MANUFACTURE, PREPARATION, OR INFUSION THEREOF
- A23F3/00—Tea; Tea substitutes; Preparations thereof
- A23F3/16—Tea extraction; Tea extracts; Treating tea extract; Making instant tea
- A23F3/22—Drying or concentrating tea extract
- A23F3/26—Drying or concentrating tea extract by lyophilisation
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23F—COFFEE; TEA; THEIR SUBSTITUTES; MANUFACTURE, PREPARATION, OR INFUSION THEREOF
- A23F3/00—Tea; Tea substitutes; Preparations thereof
- A23F3/16—Tea extraction; Tea extracts; Treating tea extract; Making instant tea
- A23F3/30—Further treatment of dried tea extract; Preparations produced thereby, e.g. instant tea
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Coloring Foods And Improving Nutritive Qualities (AREA)
- Tea And Coffee (AREA)
- Non-Alcoholic Beverages (AREA)
Abstract
A preparation method and a product of rhizoma polygonati tea relate to the technology of rhizoma polygonati tea processing and the product. Comprises putting raw materials and water into an extraction tank at a certain ratio, soaking under 80-100 deg.C, pulping, extracting and sterilizing for 8-14 hr, and pulping into 350 mesh pulp; filtering the centrifugally filtered feed liquid at room temperature under 0.4-1MPa to obtain nanometer feed liquid, recovering aromatic substances at room temperature, and concentrating to obtain 30-75% concentrated solution. No chemical auxiliary agent, additive and other auxiliary materials are added, so that the fragrance and the nutrient components are kept without loss, the product has strong fragrance, sweet and soft mouthfeel and rich nutrition; the product can be dissolved immediately when meeting water, has no suspended matters, is muddy after being cooled, and has transparent and bright soup color; the product is convenient to carry, can be drunk after being mixed with water, meets the demand of mass consumption, and solves the technical problems that the prior instant tea technology loses aroma and nutrient substances, has poor taste and the rhizoma polygonati product can not be consumed by mass.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of food and beverage, in particular to a rhizoma polygonati tea and a processing technology thereof.
Background
Polygonatum sibiricum Red is a liliaceae plant, is commonly called as rheum officinale essence, rhizoma polygonati, and rhizoma zingiberis, is a medicinal and edible traditional Chinese medicinal material with the effects of tonifying qi and yin, invigorating spleen, moistening lung and tonifying kidney, and is commonly used for brewing and eating rhizoma polygonati tonic. The existing rhizoma polygonati tablets are processed into golden yellow, crystal clear and non-spicy rhizoma polygonati tablets and are used for making tea and cooking soup. But also has the problems of inconvenient consumption and few consumer groups. In order to improve the convenience and effectiveness of rhizoma Polygonati, people are always exploring. For example, the Chinese patent discloses a preparation method of a polygonatum extract and a polygonatum product (publication No. CN 111728219A, published Japanese 2020.10.02): rhizoma polygonati is used as a raw material, an extract is obtained by ethanol extraction, and auxiliary materials are added to obtain the chewable tablet with the function of improving immunity; extracting the waste residue after ethanol extraction with water to obtain extract, and adding adjuvants to obtain effervescent tablet with antifatigue effect; compounding the residual rhizoma Polygonati residue after water extraction with rhizoma Amorphophalli powder, skimmed milk powder, and aspartame to obtain meal replacement powder with effects of reducing blood lipid and reducing weight; the rhizoma polygonati chewable tablets, the effervescent tablets and the meal replacement powder are green and environment-friendly, and the functions of the human body are obviously improved after the rhizoma polygonati chewable tablets, the effervescent tablets and the meal replacement powder are taken for a long time. But it is limited in that: firstly, a large amount of additives are used in the processing process, so that the product loses pure naturalness; secondly, the processing temperature is high, which can cause the loss of partial heat-sensitive nutrient substances; thirdly, the extract and the leaching residue are respectively processed into different products, so that the health care nutrient contents of the products are insufficient; fourthly, the product composition is a large amount of non-rhizoma polygonati substances, and the rhizoma polygonati has low nutrient content; fifthly, the shape and the taste of the product are health care products, and in addition, the product is inconvenient to eat, cannot adapt to the consumption habit of the public and cannot be accepted by the public consumers. If the existing solid instant tea processing method is adopted to produce the sealwort tea, because of the complex enzyme auxiliary extraction process and the addition of artificial chemical components, a series of hydrolysis reactions of the extract liquid are caused, so that the sealwort tea powder loses the pure natural property, and the taste quality of the product is influenced; the leaching solution has too few filtering meshes, the solubility of the sealwort tea powder is not high, the sealwort tea powder can be brewed by hot boiled water, and suspended matters and turbid cold water are easy to appear; because the aroma substances can not be recovered in the vacuum concentration, the high-temperature sterilization at 120-124 ℃ and the high-temperature drying at 150-190 ℃ are adopted, so that the aroma of the polygonatum sibiricum is lost, the nutrient components are damaged, the scorched aroma is heavy, and the taste is poor.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and discloses a preparation method of a rhizoma polygonati tea and a product thereof, wherein the preparation method does not adopt any chemical auxiliary agent in the processing process, the product does not contain any additive or additive, can keep the fragrance of rhizoma polygonati and tea leaves and nutrient components without loss, has strong fragrance, soft taste and rich nutrition, is ready to drink after being brewed, and can meet the popular consumption requirements.
One of the technical solutions of the present invention is: a preparation method of rhizoma polygonati tea is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
s1), soaking and extracting: putting the raw material of the sealwort tea and water into an extraction tank according to a certain proportion, soaking, pulping, extracting and sterilizing under the heating condition of 80-100 ℃, wherein the time is 8-14 hours, and the materials are beaten into 100-mesh 350-mesh pulp;
s2), centrifugal filtration: centrifuging and filtering the slurry for many times at normal temperature to obtain feed liquid at least passing through 1000 meshes:
s3), membrane filtration: filtering the centrifugally filtered feed liquid at normal temperature and under the pressure of 0.4-1MPa to obtain nano feed liquid;
s4), membrane concentration: concentrating the nanometer material liquid to a concentrated solution with a concentration of at least 10% by a membrane concentrator under a pressure of 0.5-1.2 MPa;
s5), vacuum concentration: vacuum concentrating at room temperature, recovering aroma substances during liquid transpiration, and concentrating to obtain concentrated solution with concentration of 30-75%;
s6), ultra-strong freeze drying: freeze drying the concentrated solution after vacuum concentration at a temperature of at least-20 deg.C to obtain rhizoma Polygonati tea powder, and packaging to obtain the product.
In the step S1), the raw material of the sealwort tea may be prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 5-100% of rhizoma polygonati and 0-95% of tea.
Further, the rhizoma polygonati can be dried rhizoma polygonati or medicinal dried rhizoma polygonati tablets or edible dried rhizoma polygonati tablets.
Further, the rhizoma polygonati dried or rhizoma polygonati dried slices can be steamed thoroughly by steam at 80-95 ℃ before soaking.
Further, the raw material of the sealwort tea and water are mixed according to a certain proportion, wherein the solid-liquid volume ratio is 1: 1-5, preferably 1: 3-4 in proportion.
Further, the soaking extraction time may be 9 to 13 hours, preferably 10 to 12 hours.
Further, pulping while soaking: the material may be beaten into a slurry of 100-300 mesh.
Further, the multiple centrifugal filtration may adopt 3 stages of filtration:
the first-stage centrifugal filtration is 200-400 meshes;
the second-stage centrifugal filtration is 600-800 meshes:
the third-stage centrifugal filtration is 1000-2000 meshes.
Further, in the step S3), the membrane filtration: filtering the centrifugally filtered feed liquid at normal temperature and 0.4-1MPa to obtain nanometer feed liquid, wherein the pressure can be 0.5-0.9MPa, preferably 0.7-0.8 MPa.
Further, the nano material liquid may be 400-1100 nm, preferably 500-1000, 600-900, 700-800 nm.
Further, in the step S4), the membrane is concentrated: concentrating the nanometer material liquid with membrane concentrator under 0.5-1.2MPa (0.6-1.1 MPa, preferably 0.7-1 MPa, 0.8-0.9 MPa).
Further, in the step S5), the vacuum concentration: concentrating to obtain concentrated solution with concentration of 40-70%, preferably 45-65%, and 50-60%.
Further, the superstrong freeze-drying temperature can be controlled to be-25 ℃ to-80 ℃, preferably-30 ℃ to-75 ℃, preferably-40 ℃ to-70 ℃, or-50 ℃ to-65 ℃, or-60 ℃.
Further, the repackaging into a product: packaging into 1-0.5 g.
The second technical solution of the invention is as follows: the invention relates to a method for preparing a sealwort tea product, which belongs to one of the technical solutions of the invention.
Because the invention adopts the technical scheme, the raw materials only comprise rhizoma polygonati or/and tea, and no chemical additive, additive or other auxiliary materials are added in the processing process, and the product belongs to a pure natural instant beverage without artificial synthetics; because the processes of soaking, pulping, extracting and sterilizing are adopted, the process is simplified, and the soluble substance leaching rate is improved; membrane filtration is carried out under the pressure of 0.4-1MPa, so that nutrient substances such as flavone, free amino acid, protein, polysaccharide and the like can be reserved in the product; because of adopting multi-stage centrifugal filtration and membrane filtration, the feed liquid is filtered into nano feed liquid, so that the suspended substances and the phenomenon of muddy after cooling of the product are thoroughly eliminated; because the aroma substances are recovered in the vacuum concentration process, and the whole process low-temperature processing is adopted, particularly the low-temperature freeze drying at minus 20-80 ℃, the aroma and the nutrient components of the sealwort and the tea can be kept without loss, so that the product has strong aroma, soft taste and rich nutrition; because the product is superfine powder below 1100 nm, the solubility is high, the product can be dissolved immediately when meeting water without stirring when being brewed by cold water and hot water, and the soup color is transparent. The product is convenient to carry, can be drunk after being mixed with water, and can meet the demand of popular consumption. Solves the technical problems that the prior instant tea technology loses aroma and nutrient substances, has poor taste and the rhizoma polygonati product can not be widely consumed.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a state diagram of the product of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a diagram of cold water infused tea soup of the product of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order that the invention may be more clearly understood, the invention will now be further described by way of example and embodiment with reference to figures 1-2.
Embodiment 1: a preparation method of rhizoma polygonati tea is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
s1), soaking and extracting: putting the raw material of the sealwort tea and water into an extraction tank according to a certain proportion, soaking, pulping, extracting and sterilizing under the heating condition of 80-100 ℃, wherein the time is 8-14 hours, and the materials are beaten into 100-mesh 350-mesh pulp;
s2), centrifugal filtration: centrifuging and filtering the slurry for many times at normal temperature to obtain feed liquid at least passing through 1000 meshes:
s3), membrane filtration: filtering the centrifugally filtered feed liquid at normal temperature and under the pressure of 0.4-1MPa to obtain nano feed liquid;
s4), membrane concentration: concentrating the nanometer material liquid to a concentrated solution with a concentration of at least 10% by a membrane concentrator under a pressure of 0.5-1.2 MPa;
s5), vacuum concentration: vacuum concentrating at room temperature, recovering aroma substances in the liquid transpiration process, and concentrating to obtain concentrated solution with concentration of at least 30%;
s6), ultra-strong freeze drying: freeze drying the concentrated solution after vacuum concentration at a temperature of at least-20 deg.C to obtain rhizoma Polygonati tea powder, and packaging to obtain the product.
In the step S1), the rhizoma polygonati may be dried rhizoma polygonati, or dried rhizoma polygonati tablets, especially edible rhizoma polygonati tablets. The product adopting the edible rhizoma polygonati tablets is softer and sweeter in taste than the product adopting the medicinal rhizoma polygonati tablets. The tea can be Puer tea, black tea, Tieguanyin, Anhua dark tea, etc. The product adopting the Anhua dark tea has mellow mouthfeel.
Preferably, the rhizoma polygonati or the rhizoma polygonati dry tablets are steamed thoroughly by steam at 80-95 ℃ before soaking. Rhizoma Polygonati can be further saccharified by steaming, which is favorable for pulping and dissolving soluble substances.
The sealwort tea comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 5-100% of rhizoma polygonati and 0-95% of tea; different proportions can be selected according to different consumer groups in the market, in some embodiments, the proportion of the polygonatum is 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 100%, and the corresponding proportion of the tea is as follows; 95%, 90%, 85%, 80%, 75%, 70%, 65%, 60%, 55%, 50%, 45%, 40%, 35%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 0%. When the proportion of the sealwort is more than 55 percent, the nutrition, the taste, the soup color and the like of the product are mainly the sealwort, and when the proportion of the sealwort is 100 percent, the product is a pure yellow essence product. When the proportion of the tea is more than 55 percent, the nutrition, the taste, the liquor color and the like of the product are mainly the tea.
Certainly, the raw materials of the sealwort tea are not limited to be matched with the tea, and the sealwort can also be matched with other medicinal and edible traditional Chinese medicinal materials. This is within the knowledge of a person skilled in the art.
The invention adopts the processes of soaking, pulping, extracting and sterilizing under the heating condition of 80-100 ℃, and compared with other soaking and extracting processes, the invention can obviously improve the leaching rate of soluble substances of rhizoma polygonati. See table 1.
Table 1: influence of extraction mode on soluble matter extraction rate of rhizoma Polygonati (condition: extraction temperature 90 deg.C)
In the step S1), the raw material of the sealwort tea and water are mixed according to a certain proportion, wherein the solid-liquid volume ratio is 1: 1-5, preferably 1: 3-4 in proportion. According to the solid-liquid ratio of less than 1: 1, not beneficial to thorough soaking, higher than 1: 5 will increase the subsequent concentration.
In the step of S1) of the present invention, the heating conditions at 80-100 deg.C, in some embodiments, the temperature is 80 deg.C, 85 deg.C, 90 deg.C, 95 deg.C, 100 deg.C. The soluble substance leaching rate of the sealwort is reduced below 80 ℃, and the heat-sensitive substances are volatilized when the soluble substance leaching rate is higher than 100 ℃. The effect of the soaking extraction temperature on the leaching rate of soluble substances of polygonatum sibiricum is shown in table 2.
Table 2: influence of soaking extraction temperature on soluble matter leaching rate of rhizoma Polygonati (condition: leaching time 10 hr, pulping 200 mesh)
| Extraction temperature (. degree. C.) | 75 | 80 | 85 | 90 | 95 | 100 |
| Soluble matter extraction ratio (%) | 85.5 | 89.7 | 91.6 | 93.8 | 94.5 | 94.8 |
The soaking and extracting time of the invention can be 9-13 hours, preferably 10-13 hours. In some embodiments, 8 hours, 9 hours, 10 hours, 11 hours, 12 hours, 13 hours, 14 hours. The soaking extraction time is less than 9 hours, the soluble matter extraction rate of the sealwort is reduced, and the soaking extraction time is more than 13 hours, which can cause the materials to be soaked excessively and deteriorate, increase suspended matters, influence the soluble matter extraction and influence the production efficiency. The effect of the soaking extraction time on the soluble extract leaching rate of rhizoma Polygonati is shown in Table 3.
Table 3: influence of soaking extraction time on soluble matter leaching rate of rhizoma Polygonati (conditions: leaching temperature 90 deg.C, pulping 200 mesh)
| Extraction time (hours) | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 |
| Soluble matter extraction ratio (%) | 89.1 | 91.7 | 93.8 | 94.1 | 94.9 | 95.0 | 94.5 |
Note: the soaking extraction time is prolonged, the leaching rate is not obviously improved, the energy consumption is increased, and the selection of 10-13 hours is more ideal.
The soaking and pulping in the soaking and extracting steps of the invention are as follows: the material can be beaten into slurry of 100-300 meshes, preferably 200-300 meshes and 250 meshes. In some embodiments, the size is 100 meshes, 150 meshes, 200 meshes, 250 meshes, 300 meshes or 350 meshes. The slurry with the size of 100-. The influence of the beating size on the soluble matter leaching rate of polygonatum is shown in table 4.
Table 4: influence of beating size on soluble matter extraction ratio (conditions: water temperature 95 ℃ C., extraction time 12 hours)
| Beating granularity (mesh) | ≥50 | 100 | 150 | 200 | 250 | 300 | 350 | 400 |
| Soluble matter extraction ratio (%) | ≤86 | 89.6 | 91.5 | 93.9 | 94.8 | 94.9 | 94.2 | 93.7 |
The soaking extraction can be carried out in a sealed state. This can effectively prevent the volatile loss of the heat-sensitive substance.
The relationship between the sterilization effect and the leaching temperature of the soaking extraction of the invention is shown in the table 5:
table 5: effect of extraction temperature on the Sterilization Effect (conditions: extraction time 7 hours)
In step S2), 3 stages of filtration may be adopted for the multiple centrifugal filtration: the first-stage centrifugal filtration is 200-400;
the second-stage centrifugal filtration is 600-800 meshes: the third-stage centrifugal filtration is 1000-2000 meshes. The filtering step by step can reduce the blockage and improve the filtering effect. Meanwhile, particles below 1000 meshes are prevented from entering the membrane for filtration, and the membrane filtration efficiency is improved. In some embodiments, the first stage centrifugal filtration is 200 mesh, 250 mesh, 300 mesh, 350 mesh, 400 mesh; the second stage centrifugal filtration is 600 meshes, 700 meshes and 800 meshes: the third stage of centrifugal filtration is 1000 meshes, 1300 meshes, 1500 meshes, 1800 meshes and 2000 meshes.
In step S3) of the present invention, the membrane filtration: filtering the centrifugally filtered feed liquid at normal temperature and 0.4-1MPa to obtain nanometer feed liquid, wherein the pressure can be 0.5-0.9MPa, preferably 0.7-0.8 MPa. In some embodiments 0.4MPa, 0.5 MPa, 0.6MPa, 0.7 MPa, 0.8MPa, 0.9MPa, 1 MPa. The effect of membrane filtration pressure on the extraction of the main nutrients of polygonatum sibiricum powder is shown in table 6.
Table 6: influence of membrane filtration pressure on extraction of main nutrients from rhizoma Polygonati powder (conditions: normal temperature, 100% rhizoma Polygonati, 1500 mesh feed liquid)
| Membrane filtration pressure (MPa) | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 1.0 |
| Flavone | 0.35 | 0.39 | 0.40 | 0.41 | 0.42 | 0.43 | 0.44 |
| Amino acids | 0.79 | 0.85 | 0.98 | 1.14 | 1.16 | 1.17 | 1.18 |
| Energy (kJ/100 g) | 2896 | 2935 | 3304 | 3337 | 3351 | 3362 | 3379 |
| Protein (g/100 g) | 2.54 | 2.89 | 3.23 | 3.51 | 3.52 | 3.53 | 3.55 |
| Polysaccharide (g/100 g) | 14.20 | 15.38 | 16.91 | 17.50 | 17.88 | 17.91 | 17.95 |
As can be seen from the above table, the nutrient substance increases with the increase of the membrane filtration pressure, but the increase is not obvious after 0.8MPa, and the energy consumption increases, so the membrane filtration is preferably 0.7-0.8 MPa.
In the step S3) of the invention, the nano material liquid is 1100 nm, preferably 1000 nm, 900 nm and 800 nm, and can completely eliminate suspended matters and turbidity after cooling. In some embodiments 400 nm, 450 nm, 500 nm, 550 nm, 600 nm, 700 nm, 800 nm, 900 nm, 1000 nm, 1100 nm. The effect of membrane filtration particle size on tea soup quality is shown in table 7.
Table 7: influence of membrane filtration particle size on tea soup quality
Vacuum concentration of the invention: concentration in vacuo is carried out at room temperature, which in some embodiments may be at 25 ℃, 30 ℃, 35 ℃.
Vacuum concentration of the invention: concentration to a concentration of 40-70%, preferably 45-65%, 50-60%, in some embodiments 30%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75% concentrate.
In the vacuum concentration of the invention, the aroma substances are water bubbles with the aroma substances.
In the step S6), the superstrong freeze drying is carried out, and the temperature is controlled to be-25 ℃ to-80 ℃, preferably-30 ℃ to-75 ℃, 40 ℃ to-70 ℃, 50 ℃ to-65 ℃ and 60 ℃. In some embodiments the freeze-drying temperature is controlled at-20 deg.C, -25 deg.C, -30 deg.C, -35 deg.C, -40 deg.C, -45 deg.C, -50 deg.C, -55 deg.C, -60 deg.C, -65 deg.C, -70 deg.C, -75 deg.C, -80 deg.C.
The super-strong freeze drying has the following effects: can keep the nutritional ingredients and the fragrance in the sealwort and the tea leaves from being lost, so that the product has strong fragrance, soft taste and rich nutrition.
The invention can be packaged into 1-0.5g packaged products after the step of S6). Is convenient for carrying and brewing.
Embodiment 2: a method for producing a tea product of goldthread according to embodiment 1 of the present invention.
In the processing process, no chemical additive, additive or other auxiliary materials are added, and the product belongs to a pure natural instant beverage without artificial composites; because the process is simplified by adopting the steps of soaking, pulping, extracting and sterilizing, the leaching rate of soluble substances can reach more than 90 percent, and is improved by more than 10 percent compared with the prior art; membrane filtration is carried out under the pressure of 0.4-1MPa, so that nutrient substances such as flavone, free amino acid, protein, polysaccharide and the like can be reserved in the product; because of adopting multi-stage centrifugal filtration and membrane filtration, the feed liquid is filtered into nano feed liquid, so that the suspended substances and the phenomenon of muddy after cooling of the product are thoroughly eliminated; because the aroma substances are recovered in the vacuum concentration process, and the whole process low-temperature processing is adopted, particularly the low-temperature freeze drying at minus 20-80 ℃, the aroma and the nutrient components of the sealwort and the tea can be kept without loss, so that the product has strong aroma, soft taste and rich nutrition; because the product is ultra-fine powder below 1100 nm (as shown in figure 1), the solubility is high, the product can be dissolved immediately when meeting water without stirring after being brewed by cold water and hot water, and the soup color is transparent (as shown in figure 2). The product is convenient to carry, can be drunk after being mixed with water, can meet the demand of mass consumption, and solves the technical problems that the prior instant tea technology loses aroma and nutrient substances, has poor taste and the rhizoma polygonati product cannot be consumed by mass.
Example 1: a preparation method of rhizoma Polygonati tea comprises the following steps:
s1), putting raw materials into a tank, putting 5kg of dried rhizoma polygonati tablets and 95kg of dried dark tea into an extraction tank according to the mass percentage, and mixing the raw materials according to the solid-liquid volume ratio of 1: 1, adding soaking water;
s2), pulping and extracting: heating the soaked materials and soaking water to 100 ℃, then soaking, pulping, extracting and sterilizing at the same time, and beating into 100-mesh pulp within 8 hours;
s3), centrifugal filtration: and (3) centrifugally filtering the slurry at normal temperature to obtain a feed liquid passing through 1000 meshes: the first stage centrifugal filtration is 200 meshes, the second stage centrifugal filtration is 600 meshes, and the third stage centrifugal filtration is 1000 meshes;
s4), membrane filtration: filtering the feed liquid passing through 1000 meshes at normal temperature and under the pressure of 0.4MPa to obtain feed liquid below 1100 nm;
s5), membrane concentration: concentrating the feed liquid with the particle size of below 1100 nm to a concentrated solution with the concentration of 10% by a membrane concentrator under the pressure of 1 MPa;
s6), vacuum concentration: vacuum concentrating at 25 deg.C, recovering aroma substances during liquid transpiration, and concentrating to obtain 30% concentrated solution;
s7), ultra-strong freeze drying: freeze-drying the concentrated solution after vacuum concentration at-20 deg.C to obtain rhizoma Polygonati tea powder, and packaging to obtain 1.0g packaged product.
23.77kg of sealwort tea powder is harvested in the embodiment, no chemical additive, additive or other auxiliary materials are added in the processing process, and the product belongs to a pure natural instant beverage without artificial composites; because the process is simplified by adopting the steps of soaking, pulping, extracting and sterilizing, the soluble substance leaching rate is 92.3 percent; by adopting membrane filtration under the pressure of 0.4MPa, nutrient substances such as flavone, free amino acid, protein, polysaccharide and the like can be reserved in the product; because 3-level centrifugal filtration and membrane filtration are adopted, the feed liquid is filtered into the feed liquid below 1100 nanometers, so that the phenomena of suspended matters and muddy after cooling of the product are eliminated; because the aroma substances are recovered in the vacuum concentration process, and the whole low-temperature processing is adopted, particularly the low-temperature freeze drying at minus 20 ℃ is adopted, the nutritional ingredients and aroma of the polygonatum sibiricum and the tea can be basically kept without loss, so that the product has sweet aroma, strong taste and rich nutrition; because the product is in the ultrafine powder state within 1100 nanometers, the product can be brewed by cold water and hot water without stirring, and can be dissolved immediately when meeting water, and the soup color is red, yellow and transparent; the product is packaged into 1.0g, is convenient to carry, is ready to drink, adapts to the consumption habit of the public and meets the demand of popular consumption. The main technical indexes of the product are shown in table 1.
Example 2: a preparation method of rhizoma Polygonati tea comprises the following steps:
s1), putting the raw materials into a tank, putting 100kg of dry edible rhizoma polygonati tablets into an extraction tank, and mixing the raw materials according to a solid-liquid volume ratio of 1: 5, adding soaking water;
s2), pulping and extracting: heating the soaked materials and soaking water to 95 ℃, then soaking, pulping, extracting and sterilizing at the same time, wherein the time is 14 hours, and the materials are made into 350-mesh pulp;
s3), centrifugal filtration: and (3) centrifugally filtering the slurry at normal temperature to obtain 2000-mesh feed liquid: 400 meshes in the first-stage centrifugal filtration, 800 meshes in the second-stage centrifugal filtration and 2000 meshes in the third-stage centrifugal filtration;
s4), membrane filtration: filtering the feed liquid passing through the 2000 meshes into feed liquid below 500 nanometers at normal temperature and under the pressure of 1 MPa;
s5), membrane concentration: concentrating feed liquid with a particle size of less than 500 nm to obtain concentrated solution with a concentration of 15% by a membrane concentrator under a pressure of 0.8 MPa;
s6), vacuum concentration: vacuum concentrating at 30 deg.C, recovering aroma substances during liquid transpiration, and concentrating to obtain concentrated solution with concentration of 70%;
s7), ultra-strong freeze drying: freeze-drying the concentrated solution after vacuum concentration at-80 deg.C to obtain rhizoma Polygonati tea powder, and packaging to obtain 0.5g packaged product.
27.12kg of sealwort tea powder is harvested in the embodiment, no chemical additive, additive or other auxiliary materials are added in the processing process, and the product belongs to a pure natural sealwort instant beverage without artificial synthesis; because the process is simplified by adopting the steps of soaking, pulping, extracting and sterilizing, the soluble substance leaching rate is 94.5 percent; by adopting membrane filtration under the pressure of 1MPa, nutrient substances such as flavone, free amino acid, protein, polysaccharide and the like can be reserved in the product; because 3-level centrifugal filtration and membrane filtration are adopted, the feed liquid is filtered into the feed liquid below 500 nanometers, so that the suspended substances and the phenomenon of muddy after cooling of the product are thoroughly eliminated; because the aroma substances are recovered in the vacuum concentration process, the whole process of low-temperature processing is adopted, and particularly low-temperature freeze drying at minus 80 ℃ is adopted, the nutritional ingredients and aroma of the polygonatum sibiricum can be kept without loss, and the polygonatum sibiricum product has strong aroma, sweet taste and rich nutrition; because the product is superfine powder within 500 nanometers, the product can be dissolved immediately when meeting water without stirring after being brewed by cold water and hot water, and the soup color is golden and transparent; the product is packaged into 0.5g, is convenient to carry, is ready to drink, adapts to the consumption habit of the public and meets the demand of mass consumption. The main technical indexes of the product are shown in table 1.
Example 3: a preparation method of rhizoma Polygonati tea comprises the following steps:
s1), putting the raw materials into a tank, putting 70kg of dry edible goldthread root slices and 30kg of Anhua dark tea into an extraction tank according to the mass percentage, and mixing the raw materials according to the solid-liquid volume ratio of 1: 3, adding soaking water;
s2), pulping and extracting limit: firstly, heating the soaked materials and soaking water to 80 ℃, then soaking, pulping, extracting and sterilizing at the same time, and beating into 300-mesh pulp for 10 times;
s3), centrifugal filtration: and (3) centrifugally filtering the slurry at normal temperature to obtain 2000-mesh feed liquid: 300 meshes in the first-stage centrifugal filtration, 700 meshes in the second-stage centrifugal filtration and 2000 meshes in the third-stage centrifugal filtration;
s4), membrane filtration: filtering the feed liquid passing through the 2000 meshes into feed liquid within 600 nanometers at normal temperature and under the pressure of 0.8 MPa;
s5), membrane concentration: concentrating the feed liquid with the concentration of less than 600 nanometers to a concentrated solution with the concentration of 12 percent by a membrane concentrator under the pressure of 0.6 MPa;
s6), vacuum concentration: vacuum concentrating at 35 deg.C, recovering aroma substances during liquid transpiration, and concentrating to obtain 65% concentrated solution;
s7), ultra-strong freeze drying: freeze-drying the concentrated solution after vacuum concentration at-60 deg.C to obtain rhizoma Polygonati tea powder, and packaging to obtain 0.5g packaged product.
24.44kg of sealwort tea powder is harvested in the embodiment, no chemical additive, additive or other auxiliary materials are added in the processing process, and the product belongs to a pure natural instant sealwort tea beverage without artificial composites; because the process is simplified by adopting the steps of soaking, pulping, extracting and sterilizing, the soluble substance leaching rate is 92.8 percent; by adopting membrane filtration under the pressure of 0.8MPa, nutrient substances such as flavone, free amino acid, protein, polysaccharide and the like can be reserved in the product; because 3-level centrifugal filtration and membrane filtration are adopted, the feed liquid is filtered into the feed liquid within 600 nanometers, so that the phenomena of suspended matters and muddy after cooling of the product are thoroughly eliminated; because the aroma substances are recovered in the vacuum concentration process, the whole low-temperature processing is adopted, and particularly the low-temperature freeze drying at minus 60 ℃ is adopted, the nutritional ingredients and aroma of the sealwort and the tea can be kept without loss, and the product medicinal tea has strong aroma, sweet and mellow taste and rich nutrition; because the product is superfine powder within 600 nanometers, the product can be brewed by cold water and hot water without stirring, and can be dissolved immediately when meeting water, and the liquor color is red brown and bright; the product is packaged into 0.5g, is convenient to carry, is ready to drink, adapts to the consumption habit of the public and meets the demand of mass consumption. The main technical indexes of the product are shown in table 1.
Example 4: a preparation method of rhizoma Polygonati tea comprises the following steps:
s1), putting raw materials into a tank: weighing 60kg of dry edible rhizoma polygonati tablets according to the mass percentage, steaming the dry edible rhizoma polygonati tablets by steam at 90 ℃, putting the dried edible rhizoma polygonati tablets and 40kg of Tieguanyin tea into an extraction tank, and mixing the dried edible rhizoma polygonati tablets and the Tieguanyin tea according to the solid-liquid volume ratio of 1: 4, adding soaking water;
s2), pulping and extracting: firstly heating the soaked materials and soaking water to 90 ℃, then soaking, pulping, extracting and sterilizing for 13 hours, and beating into 200-mesh pulp;
s3), centrifugal filtration: and (3) centrifugally filtering the slurry at normal temperature to obtain 1500-mesh feed liquid: 350 meshes in the first stage of centrifugal filtration, 750 meshes in the second stage of centrifugal filtration and 1500 meshes in the third stage of centrifugal filtration;
s4), membrane filtration: filtering the feed liquid passing through 1500 meshes into feed liquid within 700 nanometers at the normal temperature and under the pressure of 0.6 MPa;
s5), membrane concentration: concentrating the feed liquid within 700 nm to obtain a concentrated solution with the concentration of 15% by a membrane concentrator;
s6), vacuum concentration: vacuum concentrating at room temperature, recovering aroma substances in the liquid transpiration process, and concentrating to obtain concentrated solution with concentration of 50%;
s7), ultra-strong freeze drying: freeze-drying the concentrated solution after vacuum concentration at-65 deg.C to obtain rhizoma Polygonati tea powder, and packaging to obtain 0.5g packaged product.
24.21kg of sealwort tea powder is harvested in the embodiment, no chemical additive, additive or other auxiliary materials are added in the processing process, and the product belongs to a pure natural instant sealwort tea beverage without artificial composites; because the process is simplified by adopting the steps of soaking, pulping, extracting and sterilizing, the leaching rate of soluble substances is 95 percent, and is improved by more than 15 percent compared with the prior art; by adopting membrane filtration under the pressure of 0.6MPa, nutrient substances such as flavone, free amino acid, protein, polysaccharide and the like can be reserved in the product; because 3-level centrifugal filtration and membrane filtration are adopted, the feed liquid is filtered into the feed liquid with the particle size of 700 nanometers or less, and substances which are easy to generate suspended matters in the feed liquid are filtered, so that the product has no suspended matters and has no turbid after cooling; because the aroma substances are recovered in the vacuum concentration process, the whole low-temperature processing is adopted, and particularly the low-temperature freeze drying at minus 65 ℃ is adopted, the nutritional ingredients of the polygonatum sibiricum and the tea leaves can be kept from being lost, and the product medicinal tea has strong aroma, sweet and mellow taste and rich nutrition; the product is in the form of ultrafine powder within 700 nm, and can be dissolved in water, and the soup color is brownish yellow and transparent. The product is convenient to carry, is ready to drink, adapts to the consumption habit of the public and meets the demand of popular consumption. The main technical indexes of the product are shown in table 1.
Example 5: a preparation method of rhizoma Polygonati tea comprises the following steps:
s1), putting the raw materials into a tank, putting 50% of dry medicinal rhizoma polygonati tablets and 50% of Pu' er tea into an extraction tank according to the mass percentage, and mixing the raw materials according to the solid-liquid volume ratio of 1: 3, adding soaking water;
s2), pulping and extracting: firstly, heating the soaked materials and soaking water to 85 ℃, then soaking, pulping, extracting and sterilizing at the same time, wherein the time is 11 hours, and the materials are made into 250-mesh pulp;
s3), centrifugal filtration: and (3) centrifugally filtering the slurry at normal temperature to obtain 1800-mesh feed liquid: 400 meshes in the first-stage centrifugal filtration, 800 meshes in the second-stage centrifugal filtration and 1800 meshes in the third-stage centrifugal filtration;
s4), membrane filtration: filtering the 1800-mesh feed liquid into feed liquid within 800 nanometers at the normal temperature and under the pressure of 0.9 MPa;
s5), membrane concentration: concentrating the feed liquid within 800 nm to obtain concentrated solution with concentration of 15%;
s6), vacuum concentration: vacuum concentrating at room temperature, recovering aroma substances in the liquid transpiration process, and concentrating to obtain concentrated solution with concentration of 55%;
s7), ultra-strong freeze drying: freeze drying the concentrated solution at-50 deg.C to get rhizoma Polygonati tea powder, and packaging to obtain 0.5g product.
24.01kg of sealwort tea powder is harvested in the embodiment, no chemical additive, additive or other auxiliary materials are added in the processing process, and the product belongs to a pure natural instant sealwort tea beverage without artificial composites; because the process is simplified by adopting the steps of soaking, pulping, extracting and sterilizing, the soluble substance leaching rate is 93.9 percent; by adopting membrane filtration under the pressure of 0.9MPa, nutrient substances such as flavone, free amino acid, protein, polysaccharide and the like can be reserved in the product; because 3-level centrifugal filtration and membrane filtration are adopted, the feed liquid is filtered into the feed liquid within 800 nanometers, so that the product has no suspended matters and turbid after cooling; because the aroma substances are recovered in the vacuum concentration process, the whole process of low-temperature processing is adopted, and particularly low-temperature freeze drying at minus 50 ℃ is adopted, the nutritional ingredients of the polygonatum sibiricum and the tea leaves can be kept from being lost, and the product medicinal tea has strong aroma, sweet and mellow taste and rich nutrition; the product is in the form of ultrafine powder within 800 nm, and can be dissolved in water, and the soup color is red yellow and bright. The product is convenient to carry, is ready to drink, adapts to the consumption habit of the public and meets the demand of popular consumption. The main technical indexes of the product are shown in table 1.
In the above embodiments of the present invention, both the membrane filtration and the membrane concentration apparatus are manufactured by suzhou pasture environmental protection equipment ltd, and the model of the vacuum freeze dryer used for the super-strong vacuum freeze drying is BLK-FD-30, which is manufactured by the freezing technology development ltd of bosley, Jiangsu. The vacuum concentration equipment is developed by the applicant, and particularly refers to an energy-saving low-concentration liquid vacuum concentration system with the patent publication number of CN110755863A and a patent application of the energy-saving low-concentration liquid vacuum concentration system in tea juice concentration.
Comparative example 1: the preparation (entrusted processing) is carried out according to the existing preparation method of the instant dark tea: preparing raw materials: crushing 100kg of edible goldthread root slices into 50-100 meshes; extraction: according to the weight ratio of rhizoma polygonati to water of 1: feeding materials into an extraction tank at a ratio of 9-21, controlling the water temperature at 90 +/-2 ℃, stirring for 4-6 minutes, statically extracting for 25-35 minutes, naturally discharging after extracting for 1-3 times, cooling the material liquid to 30-35 ℃, and feeding into a disc type centrifugal slag removal; and (3) filtering: filtering by using a disc centrifuge, discharging slag every 4-5 minutes, and filtering the centrifugate by using a fine filter of 10 um; enzyme auxiliary extraction: carrying out enzyme-assisted extraction on tea leaves by using a complex enzyme consisting of two simple substance enzymes, wherein the weight percentage concentration of the enzyme is controlled to be 0.3-0.9%, the enzyme-assisted extraction time is controlled to be 30-60 min, the enzyme-assisted extraction temperature is controlled to be 40-60 ℃, and the concentration is as follows: firstly, concentrating by using an RO membrane, controlling the concentration temperature to be at most 40 ℃, stopping concentrating when the RO membrane is concentrated to 13-15 Brix, then concentrating by using a centrifugal membrane, controlling the concentration temperature to be at most 55 ℃, and concentrating to 30-35 Brix; and (3) sterilization: sterilizing the prepared feed liquid by UHT, wherein the sterilization temperature is 120-124 ℃; drying: and (3) feeding the sterilized feed liquid into a material tank of a drying centrifugal tower, filtering by using a filter bag of 200 meshes, and finally preparing 27.8kg of sealwort tea powder at the air inlet temperature of the spray drying tower of 150-190 ℃ and the air exhaust temperature of more than 75 ℃. Because a complex enzyme auxiliary extraction process is adopted and artificial chemical components are added, a series of hydrolysis reactions of the leaching solution are caused, so that the polygonatum tea powder loses the pure natural properties and the taste quality of the product is influenced; the leaching solution has too few filtering meshes, the solubility of the sealwort tea powder is not high, the sealwort tea powder can be brewed by hot boiled water, and suspended matters and turbid cold water are easy to appear; because the aroma substances can not be recovered in the vacuum concentration, the high-temperature sterilization at 120-124 ℃ and the high-temperature drying at 150-190 ℃ are adopted, so that the aroma of the polygonatum sibiricum is lost, the nutrient components are damaged, the scorched aroma is heavy, and the taste is poor. The product detection indexes are shown in Table 8.
Table 8: the detection results of main technical indexes of the examples and the comparative examples are as follows:
sensory quality detection standard: GB/T18798.4-2013; measuring flavone by spectrophotometry; the amino acid is measured by a triketone colorimetric method; the protein detection method comprises the following steps: GB 5009.5-2016A method, polysaccharide content determination: phenol-sulfuric acid process; the project calculation is according to GB/Z21922-2008, and the numerical calculation is according to GB 28050-2011.
While the invention has been described with respect to specific embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing and other changes, omissions and deviations in the form and detail thereof may be made without departing from the scope of this invention. Those skilled in the art should appreciate that they can readily use the disclosed conception and specific embodiments as a basis for designing or modifying other structures for carrying out the same purposes of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention; meanwhile, any equivalent changes, modifications and alterations of the above embodiments according to the spirit and techniques of the present invention are also within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A preparation method of rhizoma polygonati tea is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
s1), soaking and extracting: putting the raw material of the sealwort tea and water into an extraction tank according to a certain proportion, soaking, pulping, extracting and sterilizing under the heating condition of 80-100 ℃, wherein the time is 8-14 hours, and the materials are beaten into 100-mesh 350-mesh pulp;
s2), centrifugal filtration: centrifuging and filtering the slurry for many times at normal temperature to obtain feed liquid at least passing through 1000 meshes:
s3), membrane filtration: filtering the centrifugally filtered feed liquid at normal temperature and under the pressure of 0.4-1MPa to obtain nano feed liquid;
s4), membrane concentration: concentrating the nanometer material liquid to a concentrated solution with a concentration of at least 10% by a membrane concentrator under a pressure of 0.5-1.2 MPa;
s5), vacuum concentration: vacuum concentrating at room temperature, recovering aroma substances during liquid transpiration, and concentrating to obtain concentrated solution with concentration of 30-75%;
s6), ultra-strong freeze drying: freeze drying the concentrated solution after vacuum concentration at a temperature of at least-20 deg.C to obtain rhizoma Polygonati tea powder, and packaging to obtain the product.
2. The method for preparing the sealwort tea according to claim 1, wherein: the raw materials of the sealwort tea can be prepared from the following components in percentage by mass: 5-100% of rhizoma polygonati and 0-95% of tea.
3. The method for preparing the sealwort tea according to claim 1, wherein: the soaking extraction time is 9-13 hours, preferably 10-12 hours.
4. The method for preparing the sealwort tea according to claim 1, wherein: and (3) soaking and pulping at the same time: the material is beaten into 150-300 mesh slurry, preferably 200-250 mesh slurry.
5. The method for preparing the sealwort tea according to claim 1, wherein: and (3) performing multiple centrifugal filtration, namely adopting 3-stage filtration:
the first-stage centrifugal filtration is 200-400 meshes;
the second-stage centrifugal filtration is 600-800 meshes:
the third-stage centrifugal filtration is 1000-2000 meshes.
6. The method for preparing the sealwort tea according to claim 1, wherein: and (3) membrane filtration: filtering the centrifugally filtered feed liquid at normal temperature and 0.4-1MPa to obtain nanometer feed liquid, preferably 0.5-0.9MPa and 0.7-0.8 MPa.
7. The method for preparing the sealwort tea according to claim 1 or 6, wherein: the nano material liquid is 400-1100 nm, preferably 500-1000 nm, 600-900 nm and 700-800 nm.
8. The method for preparing the sealwort tea according to claim 1, wherein: and (3) vacuum concentration: concentrating to obtain concentrated solution with concentration of 40-70%, preferably 45-65%, and 50-60%.
9. The method for preparing the sealwort tea according to claim 1, wherein: the superstrong freeze drying is carried out at a temperature of between 25 ℃ below zero and 80 ℃ below zero, preferably between 50 ℃ below zero and 70 ℃ below zero.
10. A sealwort tea product prepared by the process for preparing sealwort tea according to any one of claims 1 to 9.
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| 杨桂馥: "茶饮料配方与制作", 科学技术文献出版社, pages: 400 - 63 * |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113545405A (en) * | 2021-07-29 | 2021-10-26 | 山西中医药大学 | Instant blood-replenishing and beauty-maintaining tea and preparation method thereof |
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