CN112602524A - Urban greening underlying surface construction method for eliminating flying wool and flying wadding pollution of plants - Google Patents
Urban greening underlying surface construction method for eliminating flying wool and flying wadding pollution of plants Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for building an urban greening underlying surface polluted by flying flocks of consumption plants, which comprises the steps of shrub variety and herbaceous plant variety selection, building land block selection and treatment, consumption zone construction and the like. According to the characteristics of flying-hair flying-wadding of large and medium-sized urban plants in the north, specific shrubs and herbaceous plants are selected to construct a grass-filling multilayer green land structure, and through reasonable configuration and scientific construction of the shrubs and herbages, the urban greening underlying surface construction method for eliminating the pollution of the flying-hair flying-wadding of the plants is provided, so that the capacity of the urban greening underlying surface for containing the flying-hair flying-wadding can be effectively improved, the urban environmental pollution is reduced while the environment is greened and beautified, and people can go out conveniently; meanwhile, the flying catkin is eliminated by applying the method, the tree body is not damaged, the physiological metabolism of the plant is not disturbed, the elimination capability can be continuously exerted, and the cost is greatly reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for configuring landscaping plants, in particular to a method for constructing an urban landscaping underlying surface capable of eliminating flying wool and flying wadding pollution of plants.
Background
With the continuous improvement of urban greening level in China, people enjoy ecological welfare brought by greening, and the quality of life is obviously improved. But the green plants cause certain pollution to the environment due to improper selection and use. In recent years, poplar and willow flying catkins are frequently found in northern cities, so that inconvenience is brought to daily life of people, and anaphylactic reaction occurs to serious people. The white flying catkin is mainly the natural phenomenon that the seeds of female plants such as poplar and willow are cracked and spread with wind after being mature. In the past, the flying cotton wool enters forests, bushes, lawns, farmlands and even bare lands, and is adhered to plant branches and leaves or soil, so that the flying cotton wool is not easy to take off secondarily; with the arrival of rainfall, these adhered contaminants completely disappear. With the continuous promotion of urbanization in China, the hardness degree of urban ground is continuously improved, so that the catkin is not homely formed, the catkin is accumulated on the hard ground for a long time and swings with wind, even the flying catkin soaked by rainwater can still take off after being dried, secondary or even multiple pollution is caused, and fire disasters are very easy to occur. In addition, the flying batting is very light and is difficult to clean as the flying batting continuously moves along with the disturbance of the airflow.
In 2019, the serious flying catkin and flying catkin pollution problem of salix populi occurs in large and medium-sized cities such as Beijing, Tianjin, Henan and Hebei in spring, and the wide attention of citizens is attracted. At present, the main prevention and treatment measures of flying catkins are to inject plant hormone, namely a flower bud inhibitor, into poplar and willow trees, or to adopt the modes of end-breaking grafting, high-pressure water spraying and the like. However, the above methods have different disadvantages, and are not suitable for large-area application. Phytohormones disturb normal physiological metabolism and affect healthy growth of trees; broken-end grafting seriously weakens tree vigor and reduces green quantity; high pressure water spraying consumes a large amount of manpower, material resources and financial resources.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
In view of the above disadvantages and shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides a method for constructing an urban greening mat surface to eliminate the pollution of plant flying cotton, which purposefully constructs or rebuilds part of the urban greening mat surface in a section with serious flying cotton pollution, so as to play the role of simulating natural flying cotton elimination and reduce the pollution of flying cotton to air and urban environment.
(II) technical scheme
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the main technical scheme that:
a method for building an urban greening underlying surface polluted by flying flocks of plants comprises the following steps:
step 1: selecting plants, including shrubs/young trees and herbaceous plants;
shrub/young arbor satisfies the following conditions:
the height of the proper tree is not more than 1.5m, the proper tree is in a cluster shape or is suitable for single plant close planting, the upper part of the tree shape is small and the lower part is large, and the branches and leaves are sparse and dense;
the herbaceous plant satisfies the following condition:
properly growing herbaceous plants with the height of more than 20cm, luxuriant branches and leaves and growing in an upward divergent manner, and being suitable for cluster planting or single-plant close planting, wherein the shape of the herbaceous plants is big at the top and small at the bottom and perennial roots;
step 2: building block selection and processing
Selecting a building block within a range of 2.0km of a square circle by taking a flying wool plant-derived pollution boundary as a starting point; the ground of the land is equal to or lower than the peripheral hard ground by 3-8cm, and if the ground for building the land is higher than the peripheral hard ground, the building ground is dug to be lower;
and step 3: construction of digestion zone
The absorption band consists of basic absorption units and inter-unit channels; according to the size, the form and the growth habit of selected shrubs/young trees and herbaceous plants, the absorption band is constructed according to one of the following three modes: the following shrubs/young trees refer to trees with the height of 1-1.5m, and the shrubs are trees with the height of less than 1 m;
the first method comprises the following steps: the absorption belt is formed by constructing large shrubs/young trees, small shrubs and herbaceous plants;
the basic absorption unit consists of shrub/young arbor and herbaceous plant; planting a plurality of rows of big shrubs/young trees according to the row spacing of 2-4m, planting herbaceous plants around each big shrub/young tree in each row, planting herbaceous plants in a bush shape, and planting non-gramineous herbaceous plants in a single plant or in multiple plants in a bush shape; the plant spacing or the row spacing of the herbaceous plants is 0.5-0.8m, so as to form the basic absorption unit;
each absorption band at least comprises 2 basic absorption units, and an inter-unit channel is formed between any two basic absorption units; a row of shrubs are planted in each inter-unit channel, the planting distance is 0.5-0.8m (specifically determined by the size of the crown of the shrubs), and grass is not planted among the shrub plants; the boundary of the shrub and the basic digestion unit is provided with a space;
and the second method comprises the following steps: the absorption belt is formed by constructing shrubs/young trees and herbaceous plants;
the basic absorption unit consists of herbaceous plants; uniformly planting multiple rows of herbaceous plants, planting gramineous herbaceous plants in a cluster manner, and planting non-gramineous herbaceous plants in a single plant or multiple plant cluster manner; the plant spacing or the row spacing of the herbaceous plants is 0.5-0.8m, so as to form the basic absorption unit;
each absorption band at least comprises 2 basic absorption units, and an inter-unit channel is formed between any two basic absorption units; planting a row of shrubs/young trees in each inter-unit channel, wherein the plant spacing is 0.7-1.0m (specifically, the plant spacing depends on the size of a crown), and sparsely planting herbs between two adjacent shrubs/young trees in each row; a space is arranged between the boundaries of the shrub/young arbor and the basic digestion unit;
and the third is that: the absorption belt is formed by constructing shrubs and herbaceous plants;
the basic absorption unit consists of herbaceous plants; uniformly planting multiple rows of herbaceous plants, planting gramineous herbaceous plants in a cluster manner, and planting non-gramineous herbaceous plants in a single plant or multiple plant cluster manner; the plant spacing or the row spacing of the herbaceous plants is 0.5-0.8m, so as to form the basic absorption unit;
each absorption band at least comprises 2 basic absorption units, and an inter-unit channel is formed between any two basic absorption units; a row of shrub clusters are planted in each inter-unit channel, each shrub cluster is a square or rectangle formed by n × m plants/shrubs, n is more than or equal to 2, m is more than or equal to 2, and the side length is 0.4-0.7 m; the distance between the groups of two adjacent shrubs in each row is 0.7-1.0m, and herbages are sparsely planted in the gaps; the shrub group mass is spaced from the boundary of the basic containing unit.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step 1, the shrub/young trees and herbs are local indigenous tree species or herbs; the shrub/young arbor is resistant to pruning so as to be pruned into a tree shape with sparse upper layer branches and leaves and dense lower layer branches and leaves; the herbaceous plant is a strong-resistance and few-maintenance variety.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step 1, the shrub is selected from any one or more of young juniper, young arborvitae, young juniper, young elm, pachyma procumbens, buxus sinica, buxus microphylla, ligustrum japonicum, berberis pruriensis, honeysuckle, clove, pacific flower, prune, yellow thorn rose, juneberry bark, star anise, red daphne, forsythia, mallow and kenaf; the herbaceous plant is one or more of rhizoma Iridis Tectori, rhizoma Acori Graminei, flos Hostae Plantagineae, radix Ophiopogonis, Lolium Perenne, Laoshan valley moss, radix Hemerocallis, semen Iridis, herba Sedi Aizoon, herba Orchidis Villonii, herba Alii Fistulosi, herba Pteridis Multifidae, herba Caryophyllatae, herba Alstoniae Coreani, herba Violae Hortensis and herba Gomphrenae.
According to the preferred embodiment of the invention, step 2 further comprises cleaning the building blocks to ensure that the airflow path around the building blocks is smooth; if facilities such as kerbs, fences, fencing barriers, hedgerows and the like are arranged around the device, the device is cleaned and removed, and the phenomenon that the catkins enter the absorption belt is avoided; and 3, after the absorption band is built, removing the temporary enclosure facilities in time to ensure smooth airflow around the absorption band.
According to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the construction of the absorption band and the selection of the plant species are required to ensure that the local poplar and willow have turned green and grown when they begin flying into the wool and catkin and have a certain leaf amount.
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the absorption band is provided as a wide strip-shaped band, the width of which is 3-8m and is adjacent to the surrounding hard ground; after the digestion zone is constructed, the herbaceous plants are kept in the original state and are not trimmed; pruning shrubs to keep lower branches and leaves.
According to the preferred embodiment of the invention, in the first construction mode of the step 3, the shrubs/young trees are planted in staggered rows in a Chinese character Pin shape, and herbs are planted around each shrub/young tree; in each basic absorption unit, the herbal coverage is 60% -70%; each basic digestion unit is 2-4m wide; the channel between the units is 0.5-0.8m (depending on the size of the shrub crown).
According to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, in the first construction mode of step 3, the grass is planted in a square or circular distribution around each shrub/young tree with equal planting or spacing.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in the second construction mode of step 3, each basic absorption unit has a width of 2-4m, and the herbal coverage in each basic absorption unit is 60% -70%; two adjacent rows of big shrubs/young trees are planted in a staggered manner in a triangular shape; the channel between the units is 0.5-0.8m (depending on the size of the crown of the big shrub).
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in the second construction mode of step 3, the herbaceous coverage between two adjacent shrub/young tree plants in each row is 30-55%.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in the third construction mode of step 3, each basic absorption unit has a width of 2-4m, the herbal coverage in each basic absorption unit is 60% -70%, and the inter-unit channel is 0.5-0.8 m.
According to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, in the third construction mode of step 3, the shrub clusters are squares consisting of 2 × 2 or 3 × 3 or 4 × 4 plants/shrub, and the shrub clusters in two adjacent rows are staggered in a delta shape; and planting grass sparsely between the groups of two adjacent shrubs in each row, wherein the coverage is 30-55%.
According to the preferred embodiment of the invention, in step 3, in the first construction mode, the empty space between the small shrubs in the inter-unit channel forms a near-ground air flow channel (a channel for flying flocks to descend/fall); in the second construction mode, the large shrubs in the channels among the units and the gaps around the sparse grass planting among the large shrubs form a near-ground airflow channel (a channel for descending/falling of floated battings); in the third construction mode, the small shrub clusters in the channels among the units and the gaps around the sparse grass planting among the shrub clusters form a near-ground air flow channel (a channel for descending/falling of flying flocks).
(III) advantageous effects
According to the characteristics of flying-hair flying-wadding of large and medium-sized urban plants in the north, specific shrubs and herbaceous plants are selected to construct a grass-filling multilayer green land structure, and through reasonable configuration and scientific construction of the shrubs and herbages, the urban greening underlying surface construction method for eliminating the pollution of the flying-hair flying-wadding of the plants is provided, so that the capacity of the urban greening underlying surface for containing the flying-hair flying-wadding can be effectively improved, the urban environmental pollution is reduced while the environment is greened and beautified, and people can go out conveniently; meanwhile, the flying catkin is eliminated by applying the method, the tree body is not damaged, the physiological metabolism of the plant is not disturbed, the elimination capability can be continuously exerted, and the cost is greatly reduced.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a first mode of manufacturing a digestion band according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a second mode of manufacturing the absorptive band of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a third mode of manufacturing the absorptive band of the present invention.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of better explaining the present invention and to facilitate understanding, the present invention will be described in detail by way of specific embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings.
In order to reduce air pollution caused by flying catkins of plants in spring of large and medium-sized cities in the north, the invention provides a method for constructing an urban greening underlying surface for eliminating the pollution of the flying catkins of the plants.
The method for constructing the urban greening underlying surface is mainly applied to the section with serious flying wool flying wadding pollution, and the function of simulating natural flying wool flying wadding consumption can be exerted by purposefully constructing or reconstructing part of the urban greening underlying surface, so that the air pollution is reduced.
The invention relates to a method for building an urban greening underlying surface polluted by flying flocks of plants, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: selecting plants, including shrubs/young trees and herbaceous plants;
shrub/young arbor satisfies the following conditions:
the height of the proper growing tree is not higher than 1.5m, the proper growing tree is in a cluster shape or is suitable for single plant close planting, the tree shape is small at the upper part and big at the lower part, and branches and leaves are sparse at the upper part and dense at the lower part.
Preferably, the method is based on properly growing shrub varieties, particularly recommends local tree varieties, and specifically has the following selection principles: firstly, the height of shrubs is kept within 1.5 m; secondly, the branches and leaves at the lower layer are dense, and the space under the branches is as small as possible; ③ the individual plants are preferably in the shape of clusters or suitable for close planting; fourthly, the tree shape is preferably more than small and more than large, such as conical shape, near circular shape, spindle shape and the like; fifthly, selecting trimming-resistant shrubs, wherein the shrubs are trimmed to form a tree shape with sparse upper layer branches and leaves and dense lower layer branches and leaves; sixthly, the ornamental shrubs can be selected preferentially for urban beautification; seventhly, suitable young trees can be used as shrubs.
Specifically, the shrub is selected from one or more of young juniper chinensis, young arborvitae, young juniper, young elm, arborvitae, buxus sinica, ligustrum japonicum, ligustrum quihoui, winter jasmine, cortex Amurensis, honeysuckle, flos Caryophylli, pacific flower, Japanese apricot, yellow thorn rose, Chinese flowering crabapple, Japanese star anise, red daphne, fructus forsythiae, mallow and kenaf.
The herbaceous plant satisfies the following condition:
properly growing herbaceous plants with a height of more than 20cm, luxuriant branches and leaves and growing in an upward divergent manner, and being suitable for cluster planting or single-plant close planting, wherein the shape of the herbaceous plants is big at the top and small at the bottom and perennial roots.
Preferably, the method is based on properly growing herbaceous varieties, particularly recommends local varieties, and specifically has the following selection principles: keeping the height of the herbs above 20 cm; secondly, the branches and leaves are luxuriant and grow in an upward divergent shape; ③ the cluster or single plant close planting is suitable; fourthly, the shape is preferably larger than the upper part and smaller than the lower part; preferentially selecting ornamental grass for urban beautification; sixthly, selecting the perennial root herbs preferentially; seventhly, strong resistance is selected as much as possible, and varieties are cured less, so that the manual management cost is saved.
Specifically, the recommended herbaceous plant is selected from one or more of iris, gladiolus, hosta plantaginea, radix ophiopogonis, ryegrass, lao valley sedge, hemerocallis fulva, iris lactea, sedum aizoon, orychophragmus violaceus, zeylang, phoenix-tail fern, dianthus chinensis, silvery jade, pansy and antirheumatic herb.
Step 2: building block selection and processing
Selecting a building block within a range of 2.0km of a square circle by taking a flying wool plant-derived pollution boundary as a starting point; the ground of the land is equal to or lower than the peripheral hard ground by 3-8cm, and if the ground for building the land is higher than the peripheral hard ground, the ground for building is dug to be lower.
Specifically, the manufacturing method is selected and treated as follows:
a. location selection
The construction or reconstruction place is selected in a region with serious pollution of the plant flying wool catkin, specifically, the range of at least 2.0km of a square circle by taking a plant-derived pollution boundary of the flying wool catkin as a starting point; the construction or modification of the green land has no requirement for the area size, and can be performed on park green land, residential green land, street green land, road green land, protective green land, unit green land and the like.
b. Key points of construction technology
Firstly, constructing a ground surface of a flying-hair-flying-batting-eliminating greening underlying surface plot to be level with peripheral hard ground (roads, squares and the like); or slightly lower than the peripheral hard ground, and can be controlled at 3-8 cm; strictly higher than the surrounding hard ground. The flying wool is easy to gather on the hard ground to move back and forth, so that the flying wool is favorable for entering a stagnation greening layer. If the ground of the building land is higher than the peripheral hard ground, the ground is manually prepared, and the building ground is dug lower.
Secondly, the periphery of the greening underlying surface of the flying catkin is strictly forbidden to be added with auxiliary barriers, such as kerbs, fences, fencing barriers, hedges and the like, so that the path is kept smooth, and the flying catkin can smoothly enter the absorption layer. If there are such obstructions, they should be cleaned away to keep the airflow clear. If the enclosing barriers are temporarily arranged when the absorption band is constructed, the enclosing barriers can be removed after the construction is finished so that the flying cotton can smoothly enter the absorption band.
Thirdly, the shrubs and herbs must be revived and grown when local poplar and willow begin flying into wool and fly, and have certain leaf amount, so local tree species and herbs are preferred.
Fourthly, the flying-hair-eliminating batting greening underlying surface is arranged to be wide strip-shaped as much as possible and is used as a stagnation belt to be adjacent to the hard ground, the width can be controlled to be 3-8m, and the width is not suitable to be too wide. If the width is too wide, the inner surface of the lower mat is difficult to be effective.
Fifthly, if shrubs meeting the requirements of the scheme of the invention exist on the reconstruction ground, the shrubs can be reserved.
And step 3: construction of digestion zone
The basic components of the absorptive band are basic absorptive units and inter-unit channels. According to the size, the form and the growth habit of selected shrubs/young trees and herbaceous plants, the absorption band is constructed according to one of the following three modes: the following shrubs/young trees mean trees with a height of 1-1.5m, and shrubs are trees with a height of less than 1 m. After the absorption band is constructed, the herbaceous layer is kept as the original state as far as possible and is not trimmed, and trimming is strictly prohibited to be in a neat and uniform lawn shape. The shrub layer can be trimmed properly, but the lower branches and leaves should be kept as much as possible.
The first method comprises the following steps: big shrub, small shrub and herbage combined mode
As shown in fig. 1, the basic consumption unit is composed of shrub/young arbor and herb. Each basic digestion unit is 2-4m wide. In the basic absorption unit, shrubs/young trees are planted in multiple rows at a row spacing of 2-4m, two adjacent rows of shrubs/young trees are staggered in a delta shape, grass is planted around each shrub/young tree in each row at a square or round shape and at equal row spacing or clump spacing, grass is planted in a clump shape, non-grass plants are planted in a single plant or multiple plants, the row spacing or clump spacing of the grass plants is 0.5-0.8m, and the coverage is 60% -70%, so that the basic absorption unit is formed.
Each absorption band at least comprises 2 basic absorption units, an inter-unit channel is formed between any two basic absorption units, and the width of the inter-unit channel is 0.5-0.8m (depending on the size of the shrub crown). Planting a row of shrubs in each inter-unit channel, wherein the planting distance is 0.5-0.8m (specifically determined by the size of the crown of the shrubs), and no grass is planted among the shrub plants; the shrubs are spaced from the boundaries of the basic containing unit. Wherein, the empty space among the small shrubs in the channel among the units forms an airflow channel close to the ground, so that the floated batting can descend/fall to the ground.
In the mode, the large shrubs serve as frameworks to play roles in reducing wind speed, increasing flying-hair catkins accommodation space level, stabilizing plant communities and the like. The large shrub plants are planted in a staggered manner in a triangular shape between rows, so that the formation of a wind resistance barrier can be prevented, and flying cotton fibers which float up are difficult to enter. The planting of the herbaceous layer in the basic absorption unit is different from the ordinary greening planting mode, the coverage degree is properly reduced and kept between 60% and 70% so as to leave enough flying catkin accommodating space.
The shrubs planted in the channels among the units are used for increasing airflow disturbance, enabling airflow (wind) carrying the flying-hair flying-batting to flow out of order, and enabling the flying-hair flying-batting to enter the basic retention unit. Meanwhile, the shrubs can also play a role in increasing the spatial level of the lag, stabilizing plant communities, enriching species, beautifying the environment and the like.
And the second method comprises the following steps: bush/young arbor and herb combination pattern
As shown in FIG. 2, the basic digestion unit is composed of herbaceous plants and has a width of 2-4 m; herbaceous plants are uniformly planted in multiple rows, gramineous herbaceous plants are planted in clusters, non-gramineous herbaceous plants are planted in single plants or multiple plants in clusters, the planting distance or the cluster distance of the herbaceous plants is 0.5-0.8m, and the herbaceous coverage is 60% -70%, so that a basic absorption unit is formed.
Each absorption band at least comprises 2 basic absorption units, and an inter-unit channel is formed between any two basic absorption units, and the inter-unit channel is 0.5-0.8m (specifically determined by the size of the crown of the large shrub); planting one row of shrubs/young trees in each inter-unit channel, wherein the plant spacing is 0.7-1.0m (depending on the size of crown), two adjacent rows of shrubs/young trees are staggered in a delta shape, and herbs are sparsely planted between two adjacent shrubs/young trees in each row, and the coverage of the herbs is 30-55%; there is a space between the shrub/young arbor and the border of the basic consumption unit. Wherein, the big shrubs in the channel between the units and the vacant spaces around the sparse grass planting between the big shrubs form an airflow channel close to the ground for the flying batting to descend/fall.
In the above mode, the large shrubs can reduce wind speed and increase air flow disturbance, so that the fly fibre enters the basic retention unit. Meanwhile, the large shrubs can also play a role in increasing the spatial level of the hysteresis, stabilizing plant communities, enriching species, beautifying the environment and the like.
And the third is that: the absorption belt is formed by constructing shrubs and herbaceous plants;
as shown in FIG. 3, the basic digestion unit is composed of herbaceous plants and has a width of 2-4 m; uniformly planting multiple rows of herbaceous plants, planting gramineous herbaceous plants in a cluster manner, and planting non-gramineous herbaceous plants in a single plant or multiple plant cluster manner; the spacing between plants or the row spacing of the herbaceous plants is 0.5-0.8m, and the coverage of the herbaceous plants is 60% -70%, so that a basic absorption unit is formed.
Each absorption band at least comprises 2 basic absorption units, an inter-unit channel is formed between any two basic absorption units, and the inter-unit channel is 0.5-0.8 m; a row of shrub clusters are planted in each inter-unit channel, each shrub cluster is a square or rectangle formed by n × m plants/shrubs, n is an integer larger than or equal to 2, m is an integer larger than or equal to 2, and the side length is 0.4-0.7 m; the distance between the groups of two adjacent shrubs in each row is 0.7-1.0m, herbs are sparsely planted in the gaps, and the coverage is 30-55%; the shrub group mass is spaced from the boundary of the basic containing unit.
Preferably, the shrub clusters are squares of 2 x 2 or 3 x 3 or 4 x 4 strains/shrub; more preferably, the groups of the shrubs in two adjacent rows are staggered in a triangle shape, so that a barrier for blocking air flow is prevented from being formed, and the wool fibers are difficult to enter the middle of the absorption belt. The shrub groups and the gaps around the sparse grass planting among the shrub groups form an air flow channel close to the ground for descending/falling of the floated batting.
The shrub clusters and sparse grass among the clusters can be used as a near-ground airflow channel, and can play a role in disturbing near-ground airflow, increasing the level of a stagnation space, stabilizing plant communities, enriching species, beautifying the environment and the like.
In addition, for the constructed urban greening underlying surface (absorption belt), the following matters are noted in the maintenance process except for the construction of the conventional maintenance management technology for selecting shrubs and herbs:
firstly, as the herbaceous layer grows, the coverage degree exceeds 60% -70%, and enough space for flying catkins is reserved; the herbaceous layer is the most important layer of slowly containing in the ground, is the main function body of flying hair flying cotton fibre slowly containing, should in time break the seedling, the thinning should be even, avoids blocking the thinning.
Secondly, the shrub should be pruned in time when the height of the shrub exceeds 1.5m, the pruning is mainly to cut the head and castrate and keep the lower layer of branches and leaves, and the shrub can be pruned to be conical as much as possible.
Thirdly, if the storage layer is close to saturation, spraying water mist from top to bottom is adopted to reduce the volume of the flying catkins, so that the flying catkins gradually enter soil, the storage capacity of the green belt is restored again, and the catkins are rotten and fertile soil. The method is forbidden to adopt a large water flood irrigation mode close to the ground.
To further clarify the technical solution and effects of the present invention, the following description is given with reference to specific examples.
Example 1
According to the third mode shown in fig. 3, ligustrum japonicum with the thickness not higher than 1m and Chinese iris herb are selected as shrubs, and tests (test site 2) and application are carried out on a green road land in Shijiazhuang city in Hebei province.
The Chinese iris is planted in clusters, the cluster planting distance is 0.5m, the row spacing is 0.4m, 4 rows are planted, the width is 3 m, and the herbaceous coverage is 70%, so that a basic digestion unit is formed. An inter-cell channel with a width of 0.6m is formed between any two basic absorption cells. A row of shrub clusters are planted in the channels among the units, 3 x 3 shrubs of the shrub clusters are planted in a square block shape, the side length is 0.5m, the distance between the shrub clusters is 0.7m, herbages are sparsely planted between the two shrub clusters, and the coverage degree is 40%. Two rows of small shrub groups in the channel between two adjacent units are staggered in a shape like a Chinese character 'pin'.
Example 2
According to the second mode shown in fig. 2, 1.3-1.5m of yellow rose is selected as big shrub and iris is selected as herb, and the method is used for testing (test site 2) and application in park green land in Shijiazhuang city in Hebei province.
The iris is planted in clusters, the spacing between the clusters is 0.5m, the row spacing is 0.4m, 4 rows are planted, the width is 3 m, and the coverage of herbs is 70%, so that a basic digestion unit is formed. An inter-cell channel with a width of 0.6m is formed between any two basic absorption cells.
A row of large shrubs are planted in the channel between the units, the distance between the large shrubs is 0.7m, herbages are sparsely planted between two large shrubs in the same row, and the coverage degree is 45%. Two rows of large shrubs in the channel between two adjacent units are staggered in a shape like a Chinese character 'pin'.
In 2017, existing green space reconstruction construction is carried out on the 2 experimental places according to the method, and control samples CK (CK1 is a control of an experimental place 1, CK2 is a control of an experimental place 2) are respectively arranged adjacent to the green space which is not reconstructed, and specific situations and application modes are shown in Table 1.
After the test field is carried out for 2 years according to the method of the invention, the CK salix populi catkin digestion conditions of the test field and the control field are investigated in 2019 spring. The investigation is divided into three stages, namely an early stage, a middle stage and a later stage according to the flying-hair flying-wadding phenological period of the salix populi, wherein the early stage is 4 months, 2 days to 4 months, 11 days from 4 months, 12 days to 4 months, 21 days from 4 months, 22 days to 5 months, 1 day from 4 months, the later stage is the later stage, the time span of each stage is 10 days, and the flying-hair flying-wadding retention condition is investigated on the last day of each stage. After the investigation is finished, the test land and the control land are sprayed by a garden sprinkler in a full coverage way so as to recover the absorption capacity of the greening underlying surface. Flying flocks still exist after 5 and 1 months in 2019, but the experimental investigation is only ended to 5 and 1 months in order to ensure the consistency of the holding time.
During digestion capacity investigation, 30 sample squares of 1m multiplied by 1m are respectively distributed in each test place and the comparison place according to a uniform point distribution method, all the accumulated flying wool in the sample squares are collected and bagged, the sample squares are taken back to a laboratory for drying and weighing, the accumulated flying wool amount of each period of the test place and the comparison place is respectively calculated, and the calculation result is shown in table 2.
As can be seen from Table 2, the total amount of 112.03g/m consumed by test plot 1 during flying of poplar and willow flying into the cotton wool in 20192CK1 consumption 29.75g/m2(ii) a Trial 2 Total digestion amount 147.53g/m2CK2 consumption 19.95g/m2. The consumption of the test field is obviously higher than that of the control field and reaches 3.77 times and 7.39 times of that of the control field respectively; in addition, the test plots are all significantly higher than the control plots in the front, middle and back stages, which indicates that the retention capacity can be restored after water spraying is carried out in the test plots.
TABLE 1 basic conditions of application and modes of application
TABLE 22019 Effect of flying feather and flying catkin in spring
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for building an urban greening underlying surface polluted by flying flocks of plants is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: selecting plants, including shrubs/young trees and herbaceous plants;
shrub/young arbor satisfies the following conditions:
the height of the proper tree is not more than 1.5m, the proper tree is in a cluster shape or is suitable for single plant close planting, the upper part of the tree shape is small and the lower part is large, and the branches and leaves are sparse and dense;
the herbaceous plant satisfies the following condition:
properly growing herbaceous plants with the height of more than 20cm, luxuriant branches and leaves and growing in an upward divergent manner, and being suitable for cluster planting or single-plant close planting, wherein the shape of the herbaceous plants is big at the top and small at the bottom and perennial roots;
step 2: building block selection and processing
Selecting a building block within a range of 2.0km of a square circle by taking a flying wool plant-derived pollution boundary as a starting point; the ground of the land is equal to or lower than the peripheral hard ground by 3-8cm, and if the ground for building the land is higher than the peripheral hard ground, the building ground is dug to be lower;
and step 3: construction of digestion zone
The absorption band consists of basic absorption units and inter-unit channels; according to the size, the form and the growth habit of selected shrubs/young trees and herbaceous plants, the absorption band is constructed according to one of the following three modes: the following shrubs/young trees refer to trees with the height of 1-1.5m, and the shrubs are trees with the height of less than 1 m;
the first method comprises the following steps: the absorption belt is formed by constructing large shrubs/young trees, small shrubs and herbaceous plants;
the basic absorption unit consists of shrub/young arbor and herbaceous plant; planting a plurality of rows of big shrubs/young trees according to the row spacing of 2-4m, planting herbaceous plants around each big shrub/young tree in each row, planting herbaceous plants in a bush shape, and planting non-gramineous herbaceous plants in a single plant or in multiple plants in a bush shape; the plant spacing or the row spacing of the herbaceous plants is 0.5-0.8m, so as to form the basic absorption unit;
each absorption band at least comprises 2 basic absorption units, and an inter-unit channel is formed between any two basic absorption units; planting a row of shrubs in each inter-unit channel, wherein the planting distance is 0.5-0.8m, and no grass is planted among the shrub plants; the boundary of the shrub and the basic digestion unit is provided with a space;
and the second method comprises the following steps: the absorption belt is formed by constructing shrubs/young trees and herbaceous plants;
the basic absorption unit consists of herbaceous plants; uniformly planting multiple rows of herbaceous plants, planting gramineous herbaceous plants in a cluster manner, and planting non-gramineous herbaceous plants in a single plant or multiple plant cluster manner; the plant spacing or the row spacing of the herbaceous plants is 0.5-0.8m, so as to form the basic absorption unit;
each absorption band at least comprises 2 basic absorption units, and an inter-unit channel is formed between any two basic absorption units; planting a row of shrubs/young trees in each inter-unit channel, wherein the plant spacing is 0.7-1.0m, and planting herbs sparsely between two adjacent shrubs/young trees in each row; a space is arranged between the boundaries of the shrub/young arbor and the basic digestion unit;
and the third is that: the absorption belt is formed by constructing shrubs and herbaceous plants;
the basic absorption unit consists of herbaceous plants; uniformly planting multiple rows of herbaceous plants, planting gramineous herbaceous plants in a cluster manner, and planting non-gramineous herbaceous plants in a single plant or multiple plant cluster manner; the plant spacing or the row spacing of the herbaceous plants is 0.5-0.8m, so as to form the basic absorption unit;
each absorption band at least comprises 2 basic absorption units, and an inter-unit channel is formed between any two basic absorption units; a row of shrub clusters are planted in each inter-unit channel, each shrub cluster is a square or rectangle formed by n × m plants/shrubs, n is more than or equal to 2, m is more than or equal to 2, and the side length is 0.4-0.7 m; the distance between the groups of two adjacent shrubs in each row is 0.7-1.0m, and herbages are sparsely planted in the gaps; the shrub group mass is spaced from the boundary of the basic containing unit.
2. The method for constructing an urban afforestation mat surface polluted by flying cotton wool of consumption plants according to claim 1, wherein in the step 1, the shrub/young trees and the herbaceous plants are local and local soil tree species or herbaceous plants; the shrub/young arbor is resistant to pruning so as to be pruned into a tree shape with sparse upper layer branches and leaves and dense lower layer branches and leaves; the herbaceous plant is a strong-resistance and few-maintenance variety.
3. The method for constructing urban afforestation underboarding contaminated by flying cotton of absorptive plants according to claim 2, wherein in step 1, the shrub is selected from any one or more of young juniper, young arborvitae, young juniper, young elm, arborvitae, buxus sinica, buxus microphylla, ligustrum japonicum, winter jasmine, berberis pruinosa, honeysuckle, clove, pacific flower, Japanese apricot, yellow thorn rose, juneberry, star anise, red raspberries, forsythia, mallow and kenaf; the herbaceous plant is one or more of rhizoma Iridis Tectori, rhizoma Acori Graminei, flos Hostae Plantagineae, radix Ophiopogonis, Lolium Perenne, Laoshan valley moss, radix Hemerocallis, semen Iridis, herba Sedi Aizoon, herba Orchidis Villonii, herba Alii Fistulosi, herba Pteridis Multifidae, herba Caryophyllatae, herba Alstoniae Coreani, herba Violae Hortensis and herba Gomphrenae.
4. The method for constructing an urban afforestation mat surface polluted by the flying flocks of the consumption plants according to the claim 1, wherein the step 2 further comprises cleaning the construction land so as to ensure that the airflow path around the construction land is smooth; if facilities such as kerbs, fences, fencing barriers, hedgerows and the like are arranged around the device, the device is cleaned and removed, and the phenomenon that the catkins enter the absorption belt is avoided; and 3, after the absorption band is built, removing the temporary enclosure facilities in time to ensure smooth airflow around the absorption band.
5. The method for constructing an urban afforestation mat surface polluted by the flying cotton wool of the consumption plants according to claim 1, wherein the consumption belt is a wide strip-shaped belt, the width of which is 3-8m and is adjacent to the surrounding hard ground; after the digestion zone is constructed, the herbaceous plants are kept in the original state and are not trimmed; pruning shrubs to keep lower branches and leaves.
6. The method for constructing an urban afforestation underboarding contaminated by flying-wool of consumption plants according to claim 1, wherein in the first construction mode of the step 3, the shrub/young arbor plants are planted in staggered rows in a delta shape, and herbs are planted around each shrub/young arbor; in each basic absorption unit, the herbal coverage is 60% -70%; each basic digestion unit is 2-4m wide; the channel between units is 0.5-0.8 m; the periphery of each shrub/young arbor is distributed in a square or round shape, and the grass is planted at equal planting distance or cluster distance.
7. The method for building urban landscaping underlayment contaminated by flying floes of consumption plants according to claim 1, wherein in the second construction mode of step 3, each basic consumption unit is 2-4m wide, and the coverage of herbs in each basic consumption unit is 60% -70%; two adjacent rows of big shrubs/young trees are planted in a staggered manner in a triangular shape; the channel between units is 0.5-0.8 m; and sparsely planting herbs between two adjacent shrubs/young arbor plants in each row, wherein the coverage of the herbs is 30-55%.
8. The method for constructing an urban afforestation underbody surface contaminated by the flying flocks of the consumption plants according to claim 1, wherein in the third construction mode of the step 3, each basic consumption unit has a width of 2-4m, the coverage of herbs in each basic consumption unit is 60% -70%, and the channels between the units are 0.5-0.8 m.
9. The method for constructing an urban afforestation mat surface polluted by the flying-flock of the consumption plants according to claim 8, wherein in the third construction mode, the shrub clusters are squares consisting of 2 x 2, 3 x 3 or 4 x 4 plants/shrub, and the shrub clusters in two adjacent rows are staggered in a shape of Chinese character 'pin'; and planting the grass sparsely between the groups of two adjacent shrubs in each row, wherein the coverage of the grass is 30-55%.
10. The method for constructing an urban afforestation mat surface polluted by the flying cotton wool of the consumption plants according to the claim 1, wherein in the step 3, in the first construction mode, the empty spaces among the shrubs in the channels among the units form an airflow channel close to the ground; in a second construction mode, large shrubs in the channels among the units and the vacant spaces around the sparse grass planting among the large shrubs form an airflow channel close to the ground; in a third construction mode, the shrub groups in the channels among the units and the gaps around the sparse grass planting among the shrub groups form a near-ground airflow channel.
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