CN112554126A - Water area habitat recovery method for sandy river corridor in plain area - Google Patents

Water area habitat recovery method for sandy river corridor in plain area Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112554126A
CN112554126A CN202011359312.3A CN202011359312A CN112554126A CN 112554126 A CN112554126 A CN 112554126A CN 202011359312 A CN202011359312 A CN 202011359312A CN 112554126 A CN112554126 A CN 112554126A
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China
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area
gabion
river
water
willow
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
黄钰铃
杨青瑞
莫晶
陈冬红
余晓
蒋艳
骆辉煌
彭文启
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China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research
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China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research
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Priority to CN202011359312.3A priority Critical patent/CN112554126A/en
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02BHYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B3/00Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
    • E02B3/02Stream regulation, e.g. breaking up subaqueous rock, cleaning the beds of waterways, directing the water flow
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G17/00Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
    • A01G17/005Cultivation methods
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A01G22/60Flowers; Ornamental plants
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G31/00Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/40Protecting water resources
    • Y02A20/402River restoration

Abstract

The invention discloses a water area habitat restoration method of a sandy river corridor in a plain area, which comprises the following steps of: arranging staggered and stacked gabion drop sills and irregular riprap groups along the water flow direction of a river channel, and constructing a deep pool-shoal sequence; carrying out gabion edging on a river sandbank area, constructing a willow leaf dike, and cutting willow branches in the willow leaf dike; arranging gabions which form an included angle of 10-30 degrees with the water flow of the middle body line on the upstream, middle and downstream sides of the river channel to construct a diversion dike group; willow branches are inserted in a side slope area of a river channel in a cuttage mode, gabion edging is conducted on a side slope toe, and porous nests are arranged in the side slope area to construct a willow band; the method is characterized in that a double-layer frame type vegetation tower comprising upper floating vegetation and lower emergent vegetation is arranged in a deep water area of a river channel, and the water area habitat restoration of a sandy river corridor is completed. The invention improves the local physical form of the riverway, increases the temporary nutrient storage area of the riverway and provides habitation sites for aquatic organisms; the retained water flow carries nutrients and provides a material basis for the growth and metabolism of aquatic organisms.

Description

Water area habitat recovery method for sandy river corridor in plain area
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of riverway environment restoration, and particularly relates to a method for restoring a water area habitat of a sandy river gallery in a plain area.
Background
In a sandy river, a river bed matrix is soft, aquatic vegetation on the river bed is easy to erode by water flow and difficult to fix the roots, and the water and fertilizer retention capacity is not high, so that necessary biological source substances are difficult to provide for a river channel ecological system, so that the aquatic vegetation in the river channel grows badly, the primary productivity is not high, and the normal substance and energy circulation of the ecological system is hindered. The ecological environment of the water area is restored in the river galleries, some river galleries are restored by planting or throwing stones, the river restoration requirements are difficult to meet, and stones are easy to flow under the condition of large river current, so that the downstream ecological environment is adversely affected. The method mainly aims at a certain part of the river gallery space, carries out habitat condition reconstruction, provides a foundation for restoring a biological community and reconstructing an ecological system, lacks of the river habitat restoration in longitudinal, transverse and vertical three-dimensional spaces of the river gallery from the viewpoint of biogenic element circulation and from theoretical system planning, and can improve the river ecological environment and promote the healthy, complete and stable development of the river ecological system.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the method for restoring the water area habitat of the sandy river corridor in the plain area solves the problems in the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose of the invention, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a method for restoring the habitat of a water area of a sandy river corridor in a plain area comprises the following steps:
s1, arranging staggered and stacked gabion drop sills in the river along the water flow direction;
s2, stacking irregular riprap clusters along the water flow direction of the river channel, and constructing a deep pool-shoal sequence;
s3, performing gabion edging on the river sandbank area, constructing a willow leaf bank, and cutting willow branches in the willow leaf bank;
s4, arranging gabions which form an included angle of 10-30 degrees with the water flow of the Zhonghong line on the upstream, the middle and the downstream of the river channel to construct a diversion spur dike group;
s5, willow branches are inserted in a side slope area of a river channel, gabion edging is conducted on a side slope toe, and porous nests are arranged in the side slope area to construct a willow band;
s6, arranging a double-layer rack type vegetation tower comprising upper floating vegetation and lower emergent vegetation in a deep water area of a river channel;
s7, transforming the habitat of the sandy river corridor by using the method of the steps S1 to S6 to complete the restoration of the habitat of the sandy river corridor;
the willow leaf dike is a willow leaf-shaped water diversion dike which is formed by two rows of lead wire gabions with the length, width and height of 50cm x 30cm in a surrounding mode, the aperture of the gabion in the willow leaf dike is 20cm, and a plurality of 20 cm-60 cm gravels are arranged in the willow leaf dike; the willow leaf dike is used for changing the included angle between a dike stalk and water flow in a river sandbank area so as to change the direction of the water flow, construct diversified flow states and be a place where aquatic organisms inhabit, avoid enemies and multiply.
Further, in the step S1, the gabion drop sill is a lead wire gabion, the length and width of the gabion drop sill are 50cm x 30cm, the aperture of the gabion is 20cm, and a plurality of 20cm to 60cm gravels are arranged inside the gabion drop sill.
Further, the step S1 is specifically: and a double-row double-layer stone cage drop sill staggered and stacked in the river along the water flow direction.
Further, the riprap group in the step S2 includes a plurality of ripraps having a length of 20cm to 80cm, a width of 10cm to 60cm, and a height of 10cm to 60 cm.
Further, the length of the shoal area in the step S3 is 10m to 30m, the width is 1m to 3m, and the height is 0.5m to 2m, and the length of the willow branch in the step S3 is 0.5m to 1 m; the row spacing of the willow branches in the step S3 is 1m to 1.5 m.
Further, the concrete method for performing gabion edging on the river sandbar area in the step S3 is as follows: and carrying out gabion edging on the river sandbar area by using a plurality of rows of multi-layer gabions stacked in a staggered mode.
Further, the dike group in the step S4 includes multiple rows of multi-layered plumbago gabions forming an angle of 10 ° to 30 ° with the flow of the Zhonghong line; the length and width of the lead wire gabion are 50cm x 30cm, the aperture of the gabion is 20cm, and a plurality of gravel stones of 20cm to 60cm are arranged in the gabion.
Further, the wicker strips in the step S5 include a plurality of rows of multi-layer plumbous gabions bordering the slope toe; the length and width of the lead wire gabion are 50cm x 30cm, the aperture of the gabion is 20cm, and a plurality of gravel stones of 20cm to 60cm are arranged in the gabion; in the step S5, the willow branches are 0.5m to 1m long, penetrate through the plumbous gabion and are inserted into the slope soil at an included angle of 60 degrees to 90 degrees with the horizontal direction.
Further, the double-layered trestle type vegetation tower in the step S6 includes a double-layered circular angle steel bracket, the height of which is 1.5m to 2.5m, on which a drop-down masonry is arranged, the diameter of the upper outer ring of which is 1m to 1.2m, and the diameter of the lower outer ring of which is 1.5m to 1.8 m; the upper layer and the lower layer of the double-layer rack type vegetation tower are provided with perforated flower bowls of 20 cm-25 cm, and the perforated flower bowls are used for placing floating vegetation and emergent vegetation.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) according to the invention, the staggered and piled gabion drop sills are arranged in the river channel along the water flow direction, aiming at the characteristics of the water flow of the sandy river in the plain area, and by combining with river channel ecological restoration engineering, the overflow and drop of the water flow from the top of the sill in the downstream when the water flow is large and the water flow out of the gabion gap when the water flow is small are realized from the integrity of the basin; the gabion becomes a temporary storage area on the river bed and provides a place for nutrient retention and inhabitation of insects, fishes and shrimps.
(2) Irregular riprap groups are piled in the river along the water flow direction, a deep pool-shoal sequence is constructed, water distribution is blocked by riprap, a nutrient temporary storage area is formed, and places are provided for nutrient retention, foraging of insects, fishes and shrimps and avoidance of enemies.
(3) The method is characterized in that gabion edging is carried out on a river sandbank area, a willow leaf dike is constructed, willow branches are inserted into the willow leaf dike in a cuttage mode, the included angle between a dike stalk and water flow in the river sandbank area is changed to change the direction of the water flow, diversified flow states are constructed, and a place for nutrient retention and inhabitation of insects, fishes and shrimps is provided.
(4) The invention arranges the gabion which forms an included angle of 10-30 degrees with the water flow of the Zhonghong line on the upstream, the middle and the downstream of the river channel, constructs the diversion dike group, disperses the main flow direction, increases the local vortex and the micro habitat, and provides a place for nutrient detention and inhabitation of insects, fishes and shrimps.
(5) According to the method, willow branches are inserted in the side slope area of the river channel, gabion edging is carried out on the slope toe of the side slope, and the porous nest is arranged in the side slope area to construct the willow band, so that the side slope is stabilized, the river bank landscape is enriched, and pollutants carried by pavement runoff are intercepted.
(6) The invention arranges the double-layer frame type vegetation tower comprising the upper floating vegetation layer and the lower emergent vegetation layer in the deep water area of the river channel, enriches the landscape pattern of the river surface, and provides shade for insects, fishes and shrimps and places for avoiding enemies.
(7) According to the invention, from the processes of retention of biogenic factors, spiral nutrient transport and the like, the local physical form of the riverway is improved, the temporary nutrient storage area of the riverway is increased, and a inhabitation place is provided for aquatic organisms; the retained water flow carries nutrients and provides a material basis for the growth and metabolism of aquatic organisms; meanwhile, different landform characteristics are formed, and longitudinal, transverse and vertical landscape diversity of the gallery is enriched, so that better environmental benefit, ecological benefit and social benefit are obtained.
(8) According to the invention, a three-dimensional habitat transformation is carried out on a river channel from the transverse direction, the longitudinal direction and the vertical direction, an oxygen exposure environment is built by a gabion drop sill longitudinally along the water flow direction, a deep pool-shoal sequence is built by irregular riprap groups, a riverside slope is reinforced by a gabion with wickers inserted transversely, a porous nest is built, and an emergent water-floating-submerged vegetation community is built vertically; according to the invention, the dike peduncles in the river channel at the present situation are fully utilized, the nutrient detention and the material energy circulation of an ecological system are realized by evacuating and guiding water flow, increasing a temporary nutrient storage area and enhancing ecological diversity, and the habitat recovery is carried out from a three-dimensional space, so that a water area ecological system with complex physical landscape, high habitat diversity and rich species is finally formed, and the guarantee is provided for the recovery and reconstruction of the river gallery ecological system.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a water habitat restoration method of a sandy river corridor in a plain area according to the invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic layout of a hydraulic drop sill, a rubble group, a willow leaf bank, a spur dike group and a willow band in the invention.
FIG. 3 is a view showing a detailed structure of the willow leaf bank of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a hydraulic drop sill, a rubble group, a willow leaf bank, a spur dike group and a willow band in the invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided to facilitate the understanding of the present invention by those skilled in the art, but it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the scope of the embodiments, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined and defined in the appended claims, and all matters produced by the invention using the inventive concept are protected.
Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1 to 2, a method for restoring a water habitat of a sandy river corridor in a plain area comprises the following steps:
s1, arranging staggered and stacked gabion drop sills in the river along the water flow direction;
s2, stacking irregular riprap clusters along the water flow direction of the river channel, and constructing a deep pool-shoal sequence;
s3, performing gabion edging on the river sandbank area, constructing a willow leaf bank, and cutting willow branches in the willow leaf bank;
s4, arranging gabions which form an included angle of 10-30 degrees with the water flow of the Zhonghong line on the upstream, the middle and the downstream of the river channel to construct a diversion spur dike group;
s5, willow branches are inserted in a side slope area of a river channel, gabion edging is conducted on a side slope toe, and porous nests are arranged in the side slope area to construct a willow band;
s6, arranging a double-layer rack type vegetation tower comprising upper floating vegetation and lower emergent vegetation in a deep water area of a river channel;
s7, transforming the habitat of the sandy river corridor by using the method of the steps S1 to S6 to complete the restoration of the habitat of the sandy river corridor;
as shown in fig. 3, the willow leaf embankment is a willow leaf-shaped water diversion embankment, which is surrounded by two rows of lead wire gabions with length, width and height of 50cm x 30cm, the apertures of the gabions in the willow leaf embankment are 20cm, and a plurality of 20cm to 60cm gravels are arranged in the gabions; the willow leaf dike is used for changing the included angle between a dike stalk and water flow in a river sandbank area so as to change the direction of the water flow, construct diversified flow states and be a place where aquatic organisms inhabit, avoid enemies and multiply.
As shown in fig. 4(a), in the step S1, the gabion drop threshold is a lead wire gabion, the length and width of the gabion drop threshold are 50cm × 30cm, the aperture of the gabion is 20cm, and a plurality of 20cm to 60cm gravels are arranged inside the gabion drop threshold.
The step S1 specifically includes: and a double-row double-layer stone cage drop sill staggered and stacked in the river along the water flow direction.
As shown in fig. 4(B), the riprap group in step S2 includes several ripraps with a length of 20cm to 80cm, a width of 10cm to 60cm, and a height of 10cm to 60 cm.
In the step S3, the shores have a length of 10m to 30m, a width of 1m to 3m, and a height of 0.5m to 2m, and as shown in fig. 4(C), the gabions of the rims in the willow leaf embankment are plumbum gabions, the length and the width of the gabions are 50cm x 30cm, the apertures of the gabions are 20cm, and a plurality of 20cm to 60cm gravels are arranged inside the gabions; in the step S3, the length of willow branches is 0.5m to 1 m; the row spacing of the willow branches in the step S3 is 1m to 1.5 m.
The concrete method for performing gabion edging on the river sandbank area in the step S3 is as follows: and carrying out gabion edging on the river sandbar area by using a plurality of rows of multi-layer gabions stacked in a staggered mode.
As shown in fig. 4(D), the spur dike group in step S4 includes multiple rows of multi-layered plumbite cages at an angle of 10 ° to 30 ° with the flow of the Zhonghong line; the length and width of the lead wire gabion are 50cm x 30cm, the aperture of the gabion is 20cm, and a plurality of gravel stones of 20cm to 60cm are arranged in the gabion.
As shown in fig. 4(E), the wicker strip in step S5 includes multiple rows of multiple layers of plumbous gabions bordering the slope toe; the length and width of the lead wire gabion are 50cm x 30cm, the aperture of the gabion is 20cm, and a plurality of gravel stones of 20cm to 60cm are arranged in the gabion; in the step S5, the willow branches are 0.5m to 1m long, penetrate through the plumbous gabion and are inserted into the slope soil at an included angle of 60 degrees to 90 degrees with the horizontal direction.
The double-layer rack type vegetation tower in the step S6 comprises a double-layer circular angle steel bracket, wherein the height of the double-layer circular angle steel bracket is 1.5-2.5 m, a drop-down masonry is arranged on the double-layer circular angle steel bracket, the diameter of the outer ring of the upper layer is 1-1.2 m, and the diameter of the outer ring of the lower layer is 1.5-1.8 m; the upper layer and the lower layer of the double-layer rack type vegetation tower are provided with perforated flower bowls of 20 cm-25 cm, and the perforated flower bowls are used for placing floating vegetation and emergent vegetation.

Claims (9)

1. A method for restoring a water area habitat of a sandy river corridor in a plain area is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, arranging staggered and stacked gabion drop sills in the river along the water flow direction;
s2, stacking irregular riprap clusters along the water flow direction of the river channel, and constructing a deep pool-shoal sequence;
s3, performing gabion edging on the river sandbank area, constructing a willow leaf bank, and cutting willow branches in the willow leaf bank;
s4, arranging gabions which form an included angle of 10-30 degrees with the water flow of the Zhonghong line on the upstream, the middle and the downstream of the river channel to construct a diversion spur dike group;
s5, willow branches are inserted in a side slope area of a river channel, gabion edging is conducted on a side slope toe, and porous nests are arranged in the side slope area to construct a willow band;
s6, arranging a double-layer rack type vegetation tower comprising upper floating vegetation and lower emergent vegetation in a deep water area of a river channel;
s7, transforming the habitat of the sandy river corridor by using the method of the steps S1 to S6 to complete the restoration of the habitat of the sandy river corridor;
the willow leaf dike is a willow leaf-shaped water diversion dike which is formed by two rows of lead wire gabions with the length, width and height of 50cm x 30cm in a surrounding mode, the aperture of the gabion in the willow leaf dike is 20cm, and a plurality of 20 cm-60 cm gravels are arranged in the willow leaf dike; the willow leaf dike is used for changing the included angle between a dike stalk and water flow in a river sandbank area so as to change the direction of the water flow, construct diversified flow states and be a place where aquatic organisms inhabit, avoid enemies and multiply.
2. The method for restoring a water habitat according to claim 1, wherein said gabion drop sill in step S1 is a lead wire gabion having a height of 50cm x 30cm, a gabion aperture of 20cm, and a plurality of 20cm to 60cm pebbles are arranged therein.
3. The method for restoring a water habitat of a sandy river corridor of a plain area according to claim 2, wherein said step S1 is specifically: and a double-row double-layer stone cage drop sill staggered and stacked in the river along the water flow direction.
4. The method for restoring a water habitat according to claim 1, wherein said riprap cluster in step S2 comprises a plurality of ripraps having a length of 20cm to 80cm, a width of 10cm to 60cm and a height of 10cm to 60 cm.
5. The method for restoring a habitat of a water area of a sandy river corridor of a plain area according to claim 1, wherein said sandy shoal area in said step S3 has a length of 10m to 30m, a width of 1m to 3m and a height of 0.5m to 2m, and said willow branches in said step S3 have a length of 0.5m to 1 m; the row spacing of the willow branches in the step S3 is 1m to 1.5 m.
6. The method for restoring the habitat of a water area of a sandy river corridor in a plain area according to claim 5, wherein the concrete method for performing gabion bordering on the sandy river shoal area in the step S3 is as follows: and carrying out gabion edging on the river sandbar area by using a plurality of rows of multi-layer gabions stacked in a staggered mode.
7. The method for restoring a water habitat according to claim 1, wherein said dike bank in step S4 includes a plurality of lead wire gabions arranged in multiple rows at an angle of 10 ° to 30 ° with respect to the flow of the Zhonghong line water; the length and width of the lead wire gabion are 50cm x 30cm, the aperture of the gabion is 20cm, and a plurality of gravel stones of 20cm to 60cm are arranged in the gabion.
8. The method for restoring the habitat of a water area of a sandy river corridor of a plain area according to claim 1, wherein the wicker strips in said step S5 comprise a plurality of rows of multi-layered lead wire gabions bordering the sloping toe; the length and width of the lead wire gabion are 50cm x 30cm, the aperture of the gabion is 20cm, and a plurality of gravel stones of 20cm to 60cm are arranged in the gabion; in the step S5, the willow branches are 0.5m to 1m long, penetrate through the plumbous gabion and are inserted into the slope soil at an included angle of 60 degrees to 90 degrees with the horizontal direction.
9. The method for restoring the habitat of a water area of a sandy river corridor of a plain area according to claim 1, wherein the double-layered framed vegetation tower of step S6 includes a double-layered circular angle steel bracket having a height of 1.5m to 2.5m, on which a falling masonry is disposed, and an upper outer ring thereof has a diameter of 1m to 1.2m and a lower outer ring thereof has a diameter of 1.5m to 1.8 m; the upper layer and the lower layer of the double-layer rack type vegetation tower are provided with perforated flower bowls of 20 cm-25 cm, and the perforated flower bowls are used for placing floating vegetation and emergent vegetation.
CN202011359312.3A 2020-11-27 2020-11-27 Water area habitat recovery method for sandy river corridor in plain area Pending CN112554126A (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113322888A (en) * 2021-06-04 2021-08-31 中国水利水电科学研究院 Willow leaf bank habitat restoration method based on temporary nutrient storage
CN113322887A (en) * 2021-06-04 2021-08-31 中国水利水电科学研究院 Reconstruction method of degraded river ecosystem
CN114396010A (en) * 2022-01-27 2022-04-26 华能西藏雅鲁藏布江水电开发投资有限公司 Habitat recovery method suitable for aquatic organisms on high-fall and high-slope river bank

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113322888A (en) * 2021-06-04 2021-08-31 中国水利水电科学研究院 Willow leaf bank habitat restoration method based on temporary nutrient storage
CN113322887A (en) * 2021-06-04 2021-08-31 中国水利水电科学研究院 Reconstruction method of degraded river ecosystem
CN114396010A (en) * 2022-01-27 2022-04-26 华能西藏雅鲁藏布江水电开发投资有限公司 Habitat recovery method suitable for aquatic organisms on high-fall and high-slope river bank

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Application publication date: 20210326