CN112510222B - Multi-energy complementary combined heat and power generation system based on fuel cell - Google Patents
Multi-energy complementary combined heat and power generation system based on fuel cell Download PDFInfo
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- CN112510222B CN112510222B CN202011496120.7A CN202011496120A CN112510222B CN 112510222 B CN112510222 B CN 112510222B CN 202011496120 A CN202011496120 A CN 202011496120A CN 112510222 B CN112510222 B CN 112510222B
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 86
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 title abstract description 8
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 46
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000110 cooling liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 abstract description 12
- 238000005338 heat storage Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 2
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04701—Temperature
- H01M8/04708—Temperature of fuel cell reactants
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04029—Heat exchange using liquids
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04067—Heat exchange or temperature measuring elements, thermal insulation, e.g. heat pipes, heat pumps, fins
- H01M8/04074—Heat exchange unit structures specially adapted for fuel cell
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04746—Pressure; Flow
- H01M8/04753—Pressure; Flow of fuel cell reactants
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04858—Electric variables
- H01M8/04865—Voltage
- H01M8/04873—Voltage of the individual fuel cell
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04858—Electric variables
- H01M8/04925—Power, energy, capacity or load
- H01M8/04932—Power, energy, capacity or load of the individual fuel cell
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a multi-energy complementary combined heat and power generation system based on a fuel cell, which belongs to the field of energy utilization and comprises the following components: the system comprises a PEMFC unit, a thermal management unit, an electric power unit and a control unit, wherein the PEMFC unit comprises a proton exchange membrane fuel cell, a hydrogen source, an air source, a first pipeline and a second pipeline; the thermal management unit comprises a low-temperature air heat source pump, a phase change heat accumulator, a third pipeline, a fourth pipeline and a fifth pipeline; the power unit comprises a power storage module, a DC/DC conversion module and a DC/AC conversion module; the control unit is electrically connected with the PEMFC unit, the thermal management unit and the power unit respectively. The invention fully utilizes the low-grade characteristic of the PEMFC waste heat, organically integrates the PEMFC waste heat with a low-temperature air source heat pump, high-efficiency heat storage, high-density electricity storage and high-efficiency energy supply terminal, reasonably utilizes the heat energy of the PEMFC waste heat, realizes the cogeneration of the fuel cell, and has the comprehensive energy utilization efficiency of 75-95%.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of energy utilization, and particularly relates to a multi-energy complementary combined heat and power generation system based on a fuel cell.
Background
The fuel cell directly converts chemical energy of fuel and oxidant into direct current electric energy, is effective equipment and energy hub for converting hydrogen energy into electric energy, is a static energy conversion device, has the efficiency not limited by Carnot cycle efficiency, and has the remarkable advantages of high energy conversion efficiency, quick load response time, low pollutant discharge, environmental friendliness, low noise level, high reliability and the like.
The conversion of fuel chemical energy into electrical energy in a fuel cell is an exothermic reaction, and effective heat dissipation measures must be taken, otherwise the temperature of the cell stack will be continuously increased, and electrolyte membranes are dehydrated, shrunk and even broken, so that the cell performance and the system safety are seriously affected. In the prior art, the cooling mode adopted by the PEMFC stack mainly comprises air cooling and cooling liquid circulation heat removal, and the PEMFC waste heat accounts for about 40-60% of the total energy input by the battery, but the discharge preheating is not reasonably utilized.
Therefore, there is an urgent need for an cogeneration system that can reasonably utilize the waste heat energy of the PEMFC.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to provide an electric cogeneration system capable of reasonably utilizing the waste heat energy of PEMFC, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
A fuel cell-based multi-energy complementary combined cooling, heating and power system, comprising: the system comprises a PEMFC unit, a thermal management unit, an electric power unit and a control unit, wherein the PEMFC unit comprises a proton exchange membrane fuel cell, a hydrogen source for providing fuel for the proton exchange membrane fuel cell, an air source for providing air required by electrochemical reaction, a first pipeline and a second pipeline; the hydrogen source is communicated with the anode of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell through the first pipeline; the air source is communicated with the cathode of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell through the second pipeline; the heat management unit comprises a low-temperature air heat source pump, a phase change heat accumulator, a third pipeline, a fourth pipeline and a fifth pipeline, wherein the phase change heat accumulator is used for providing domestic hot water and heating load in heating seasons; the evaporation end of the low-temperature air heat source pump is communicated with the exhaust end of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell through the third pipeline; the low-temperature air heat source pump is communicated with the phase change heat accumulator through the fourth pipeline; the cooling device of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell is communicated with the phase change heat accumulator through the fifth pipeline; the power unit comprises a power storage module, a DC/DC conversion module and a DC/AC conversion module, wherein the proton exchange membrane fuel cell is electrically connected with the power storage module through the DC/DC conversion module, and the power storage module and the DC/DC conversion module provide electric energy for a user through the DC/AC conversion module; the control unit is electrically connected with the PEMFC unit, the thermal management unit and the power unit respectively and used for controlling the PEMFC unit, the thermal management unit and the power unit in real time.
Further, the first pipeline comprises a circulating pipeline and a gas supply pipeline, and the circulating pipeline is respectively communicated with the anode hydrogen inlet end and the anode hydrogen outlet end of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell; the circulating pipeline is provided with a hydrogen circulating pump, a first pressure regulating valve for regulating the air supply pressure and a first electromagnetic valve for controlling the on-off of a loop, the first pressure regulating valve is arranged between the hydrogen circulating pump and the first electromagnetic valve, and the first electromagnetic valve is arranged close to the anode hydrogen outlet end; one end of the gas supply pipeline is communicated with the hydrogen source, and the other end of the gas supply pipeline is communicated with the circulating pipeline between the first pressure regulating valve and the first electromagnetic valve; the air supply pipeline is provided with a second electromagnetic valve for controlling the on-off of the air supply pipeline.
Further, a first flow sensor and a first temperature sensor are arranged between the first electromagnetic valve and the first pressure regulating valve on the circulation pipeline, a first pressure sensor and a second flow sensor are arranged between the first pressure regulating valve and the hydrogen circulation pump, and a second temperature sensor is arranged between the hydrogen circulation pump and the anode hydrogen inlet end; the second pipeline is sequentially provided with an air filter, a cathode blower, a humidifier and a third electromagnetic valve for controlling the on-off air supply of the second pipeline, wherein the air filter is arranged at one end close to the air source.
Further, a third flow sensor and a third temperature sensor are arranged between the third electromagnetic valve and the cathode air inlet end of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell on the second pipeline; a second pressure sensor is arranged between the cathode blower and the humidifier; a fourth temperature sensor is disposed between the air filter and the air source.
Further, a second pressure regulating valve for regulating the exhaust pressure is arranged on the third pipeline; the fourth pipeline is provided with a fourth electromagnetic valve for controlling the on-off of the fourth pipeline and an air circulating pump for gas circulation; the fourth pipeline comprises a phase change heat accumulator air inlet pipe and a phase change heat accumulator air outlet pipe, one end of the phase change heat accumulator air inlet pipe is communicated with the low-temperature air heat source pump, and the other end of the phase change heat accumulator air inlet pipe is communicated with the phase change heat accumulator air inlet; one end of an air outlet pipe of the phase change heat accumulator is communicated with the low-temperature air heat source pump, and the other end of the air outlet pipe of the phase change heat accumulator is communicated with an air outlet of the phase change heat accumulator; the air circulating pump is arranged on the phase change heat accumulator air inlet pipe; the fourth electromagnetic valve is arranged on the phase change heat accumulator air outlet pipe.
Further, the cooling device of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell comprises a cooling pipeline, wherein a fifth electromagnetic valve, a thermostatic valve, a cooler and a cooling pump for controlling the on-off of the cooling pipeline are sequentially arranged on the cooling pipeline, and the cooling pump is arranged near the cooling liquid inlet end of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell; the fifth pipeline comprises a liquid inlet pipe and a liquid return pipe, one end of the liquid inlet pipe is communicated with the thermostatic valve, and the other end of the liquid inlet pipe is communicated with a liquid inlet of a radiator of the phase change heat accumulator; one end of the liquid return pipe is communicated with a liquid outlet of the radiator of the phase change heat accumulator, and the other end of the liquid return pipe is communicated with a liquid inlet of the cooling pump.
Further, on the third pipeline, a fifth temperature sensor is arranged at the evaporation ends of the second pressure regulating valve and the low-temperature air heat source pump, and a fourth flow sensor is arranged between the low-temperature air heat source pump and the fourth electromagnetic valve; the phase change heat accumulator air inlet pipe and the phase change heat accumulator air outlet pipe are respectively provided with a sixth temperature sensor and a seventh temperature sensor; a fifth flow sensor and an eighth temperature sensor are arranged between the fifth electromagnetic valve and the constant temperature valve; a ninth temperature sensor and a tenth temperature sensor are respectively arranged on the liquid inlet pipe and the liquid return pipe; an eleventh temperature sensor is arranged between the cooling pump and the cooling liquid inlet end of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell.
Further, a first current sensor and a voltage sensor are arranged between the proton exchange membrane fuel cell and the DC/DC conversion module, wherein the first current sensor is used for testing the output current of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell, and the voltage sensor is used for monitoring the output voltage of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell; a second current sensor is arranged between the electricity storage module and the DC/AC conversion module and used for monitoring the output current of the electricity storage module; the twelfth temperature sensor is arranged on the electricity storage module and used for monitoring the temperature of the electricity storage module; the DC/AC conversion module and the power grid are electrically connected with user electric equipment through wires; a first power transmitter is arranged between the power grid and the electric wire; and a second power transmitter is arranged on the electric wire.
Further, the control unit comprises a master controller, a first slave controller, a second slave controller and a third slave controller; the master controller is respectively and electrically connected with the first slave controller, the second slave controller and the third slave controller; the first slave controller, the second slave controller and the third slave controller are respectively and electrically connected with the PEMFC unit, the thermal management unit and the power unit and are respectively used for controlling the PEMFC unit, the thermal management unit and the power unit in real time.
Further, the first slave controller is electrically connected with the proton exchange membrane fuel cell, the hydrogen circulation pump, the first pressure regulating valve, the first electromagnetic valve, the second electromagnetic valve, the first flow sensor, the first temperature sensor, the first pressure sensor, the second flow sensor, the second temperature sensor, the third electromagnetic valve, the third flow sensor, the third temperature sensor, the fourth temperature sensor, the humidifier and the cathode blower, respectively; the second slave controller is electrically connected with the second pressure regulating valve, the fourth electromagnetic valve, the air circulation pump, the phase change heat accumulator air inlet pipe, the phase change heat accumulator, the fifth electromagnetic valve, the thermostatic valve, the cooling pump, the fifth temperature sensor, the fourth flow sensor, the sixth temperature sensor, the seventh temperature sensor, the fifth flow sensor, the eighth temperature sensor, the ninth temperature sensor, the tenth temperature sensor and the eleventh temperature sensor respectively; the third slave controller is electrically connected with the DC/DC conversion module, the DC/AC conversion module, the first current sensor, the voltage sensor, the electricity storage module, the second current sensor, the twelfth temperature sensor, the first power transmitter and the second power transmitter respectively.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
The fuel cell-based multi-energy complementary combined heat and power generation system fully utilizes the low-grade characteristic of PEMFC waste heat, organically integrates the PEMFC waste heat with a low-temperature air source heat pump air conditioner, high-efficiency heat storage, high-density electricity storage and high-efficiency energy supply tail end to form the fuel cell-based multi-energy complementary combined heat and power generation system, and solves the requirements of annual domestic hot water, refrigeration and winter heating while providing power for village users; the heat energy of the PEMFC waste heat is reasonably utilized, the heat and power cogeneration of the fuel cell is realized, and the comprehensive energy utilization efficiency can reach 75-95 percent; when heating, the exhaust gas of the fuel cell is led to the evaporation end of the heat pump, so that the waste heat of the fuel cell is effectively utilized, and the performance coefficient of the heat pump is improved; according to the grade of heat, a layered heat accumulator for phase change heat accumulation is adopted to carry out integrated allocation of different waste heat and heat, so that opposite-port heat supply is realized; through effectively integrating fuel cell, air source heat pump, phase change heat accumulation, high capacity electricity storage technique, realize stable cold and hot electricity cogeneration, improved the stability and the reliability of system energy supply.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a fuel cell-based multi-energy complementary cogeneration system;
Wherein, 100, PEMFC unit; 101. proton exchange membrane fuel cells; 102. a hydrogen source; 103. a first flow sensor; 104. a second electromagnetic valve; 105. a first temperature sensor; 106. a first electromagnetic valve; 107. a first pressure regulating valve; 108. a second pressure regulating valve; 109. a first pressure sensor; 110. a second flow sensor; 111. a hydrogen circulation pump; 112. a second temperature sensor; 113. a third flow sensor; 114. a third temperature sensor; 115. a third electromagnetic valve; 116. a humidifier; 117. a second pressure sensor; 118. a cathode blower; 119. an air filter; 120. a fourth temperature sensor; 200. a thermal management unit; 201. an eleventh temperature sensor; 202. a fifth electromagnetic valve; 203. a cooling pump; 204. a fifth flow sensor; 205. a cooler; 206. a low temperature air heat source pump; 207. a fourth flow sensor; 208. a fourth electromagnetic valve; 209. an air circulation pump; 210. a sixth temperature sensor; 211. a seventh temperature sensor; 212. an eighth temperature sensor; 213. a ninth temperature sensor; 214. a thermostatic valve; 215. a tenth temperature sensor; 216. a phase change heat accumulator; 217. a fifth temperature sensor; 300. a power unit; 301. a power storage module; 302. a second current sensor; 303. a twelfth temperature sensor; 304. a voltage sensor; 305. a DC/DC conversion module; 306. a second power transmission; 307. a DC/AC conversion module; 308. a first power transmission; 309. a first current sensor; 400. a control unit; 401. a main controller; 402. a first slave controller; 403. a third slave controller; 404. and a second slave controller.
Detailed Description
Example 1
A fuel cell-based multi-energy complementary combined cooling, heating and power system, comprising: the PEMFC unit 100, the thermal management unit 200, the power unit 300 and the control unit 400, wherein the PEMFC unit 100 comprises a proton exchange membrane fuel cell 101, a hydrogen source 102 for providing fuel for the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 101, and an air source for providing air required by an electrochemical reaction, a first pipeline and a second pipeline; a hydrogen source 102 is communicated with the anode of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 101 through a first pipeline; the air source is communicated with the cathode of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 101 through a second pipeline; the thermal management unit 200 includes a low temperature air heat source pump 206, a phase change heat accumulator 216, a third pipe, a fourth pipe, and a fifth pipe, the phase change heat accumulator 216 for providing domestic hot water and heating season heating loads; the evaporation end of the low-temperature air heat source pump 206 is communicated with the exhaust end of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 101 through a third pipeline; the low temperature air heat source pump 206 is communicated with the phase change heat accumulator 216 through a fourth pipeline; the cooling device of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 101 is communicated with the phase change heat accumulator 216 through a fifth pipeline; the power unit 300 comprises a power storage module 301, a DC/DC conversion module 305 and a DC/AC conversion module 307, wherein the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 101 is electrically connected with the power storage module 301 through the DC/DC conversion module 305, and the power storage module 301 and the DC/DC conversion module 305 provide electric energy for a user through the DC/AC conversion module 307; the control unit 400 is electrically connected to the PEMFC unit 100, the thermal management unit 200, and the power unit 300, respectively, for real-time control of the PEMFC unit 100, the thermal management unit 200, and the power unit 300.
In this embodiment, the power storage module 301 is a lithium battery; the hydrogen source 102 is a hydrogen tank or a pipeline hydrogen.
The first pipeline comprises a circulating pipeline and a gas supply pipeline, and the circulating pipeline is respectively communicated with the anode hydrogen inlet end and the anode hydrogen outlet end of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 101; the circulating pipeline is provided with a hydrogen circulating pump 111, a first pressure regulating valve 107 for regulating the air supply pressure and a first electromagnetic valve 106 for controlling the on-off of a loop, the first pressure regulating valve 107 is arranged between the hydrogen circulating pump 111 and the first electromagnetic valve 106, and the first electromagnetic valve 106 is arranged near the hydrogen outlet end of the anode; one end of the gas supply pipeline is communicated with the hydrogen source 102, and the other end of the gas supply pipeline is communicated with a circulating pipeline between the first pressure regulating valve 107 and the first electromagnetic valve 106; the gas supply pipeline is provided with a second electromagnetic valve 104 for controlling the on-off of the gas supply pipeline.
A first flow sensor 103 and a first temperature sensor 105 are arranged between the first electromagnetic valve 106 and the first pressure regulating valve 107, a first pressure sensor 109 and a second flow sensor 110 are arranged between the first pressure regulating valve 107 and the hydrogen circulating pump 111, and a second temperature sensor 112 is arranged between the hydrogen circulating pump 111 and the anode hydrogen inlet end; the second pipeline is provided with an air filter 119, a cathode blower 118, a humidifier 116 and a third electromagnetic valve 115 for controlling the on-off of the second pipeline, wherein the air filter 119 is arranged at one end close to the air source.
A third flow sensor 113 and a third temperature sensor 114 are arranged between the third electromagnetic valve 115 and the cathode inlet of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 101 on the second pipeline; a second pressure sensor 117 is provided between the cathode blower 118 and the humidifier 116; a fourth temperature sensor 120 is provided between the air filter 119 and the air source.
A second pressure regulating valve 108 for regulating the exhaust pressure is arranged on the third pipeline; a fourth electromagnetic valve 208 for controlling the on-off of the fourth pipeline and an air circulating pump 209 for circulating gas are arranged on the fourth pipeline; the fourth pipeline comprises an air inlet pipe of the phase change heat accumulator 216 and an air outlet pipe of the phase change heat accumulator 216, one end of the air inlet pipe of the phase change heat accumulator 216 is communicated with the low-temperature air heat source pump 206, and the other end of the air inlet pipe of the phase change heat accumulator 216 is communicated with an air inlet of the phase change heat accumulator 216; one end of the outlet pipe of the phase change heat accumulator 216 is communicated with the low-temperature air heat source pump 206, the other end is communicated with an air outlet of the phase change heat accumulator 216; the air circulation pump 209 is arranged on an air inlet pipe of the phase change heat accumulator 216; the fourth electromagnetic valve 208 is arranged on the outlet pipe of the phase change heat accumulator 216.
The cooling device of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 101 comprises a cooling pipeline, a fifth electromagnetic valve 202, a thermostatic valve 214, a cooler 205 and a cooling pump 203 which are used for controlling the on-off of the cooling pipeline are sequentially arranged on the cooling pipeline, and the cooling pump 203 is arranged near the cooling liquid inlet end of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 101; the fifth pipeline comprises a liquid inlet pipe and a liquid return pipe, one end of the liquid inlet pipe is communicated with the thermostatic valve 214, and the other end of the liquid inlet pipe is communicated with a liquid inlet of a radiator of the phase change heat accumulator 216; one end of the liquid return pipe is communicated with a liquid outlet of a radiator of the phase change heat accumulator 216, and the other end of the liquid return pipe is communicated with a liquid inlet of the cooling pump 203.
A fifth temperature sensor 217 is disposed at the evaporation end of the second pressure regulating valve 108 and the low temperature air heat source pump 206, and a fourth flow sensor 207 is disposed between the low temperature air heat source pump 206 and the fourth electromagnetic valve 208; the phase change heat accumulator 216 air inlet pipe and the phase change heat accumulator 216 air outlet pipe are respectively provided with a sixth temperature sensor 210 and a seventh temperature sensor 211; a fifth flow sensor 204 and an eighth temperature sensor 212 are arranged between the fifth electromagnetic valve 202 and the thermostatic valve 214; a ninth temperature sensor 213 and a tenth temperature sensor 215 are respectively arranged on the liquid inlet pipe and the liquid return pipe; an eleventh temperature sensor 201 is provided between the cooling pump 203 and the coolant inlet port of the pem fuel cell 101.
A first current sensor and a voltage sensor 304 are arranged between the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 101 and the DC/DC conversion module 305, wherein the first current sensor is used for testing the output current of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 101, and the voltage sensor 304 is used for monitoring the output voltage of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 101; a second current sensor 302 is arranged between the power storage module 301 and the DC/AC conversion module 307, and is used for monitoring the output current of the power storage module 301; the twelfth temperature sensor 303 is disposed on the power storage module 301 and is used for monitoring the temperature of the power storage module 301; the DC/AC conversion module 307 and the power grid are electrically connected with user electric equipment through wires; a first power transmitter 308 is arranged between the power grid and the electric wire; a second power transmitter 306 is provided on the electrical line.
The control unit 400 includes a master controller 401, a first slave controller 402, a second slave controller 404, and a third slave controller 403; the master controller 401 is electrically connected to the first slave controller 402, the second slave controller 404, and the third slave controller 403, respectively; the first, second and third slave controllers 402, 404 and 403 are electrically connected to the PEMFC unit 100, the thermal management unit 200 and the power unit 300, respectively, and are used for real-time control of the PEMFC unit 100, the thermal management unit 200 and the power unit 300, respectively.
The first slave controller 402 is electrically connected to the pem fuel cell 101, the hydrogen circulation pump 111, the first pressure regulating valve 107, the first solenoid valve 106, the second solenoid valve 104, the first flow sensor 103, the first temperature sensor 105, the first pressure sensor 109, the second flow sensor 110, the second temperature sensor 112, the third solenoid valve 115, the third flow sensor 113, the third temperature sensor 114, the fourth temperature sensor 120, the humidifier 116, the second pressure sensor 117, and the cathode blower 118, respectively; the second slave controller 404 is electrically connected to the second pressure regulating valve 108, the fourth solenoid valve 208, the air circulation pump 209, the phase change heat storage 216, the intake pipe and the phase change heat storage 216, the fifth solenoid valve 202, the thermostatic valve 214, the cooling pump 203, the fifth temperature sensor 217, the fourth flow sensor 207, the sixth temperature sensor 210, the seventh temperature sensor 211, the fifth flow sensor 204, the eighth temperature sensor 212, the ninth temperature sensor 213, the tenth temperature sensor 215, and the eleventh temperature sensor 201, respectively; the third slave controller 403 is electrically connected to the DC/DC conversion module 305, the DC/AC conversion module 307, the first current sensor, the voltage sensor 304, the power storage module 301, the second current sensor 302, the twelfth temperature sensor 303, the first power transmitter 308, and the second power transmitter 306, respectively.
The working principle of the embodiment is as follows:
The multifunctional complementary combined heat and power generation system based on the PEMFC takes the PEMFC as a core power unit, utilizes pipeline hydrogen or tank hydrogen as a main fuel source, and performs electrochemical reaction with humidified and pressurized air to convert chemical energy of the fuel into electric energy and simultaneously emits heat. The direct current generated by the PEMFC provides electric energy for users through the DC/DC conversion module 305, the high-density lithium ion battery electricity storage module 301 and the DC/AC conversion module 307, and the circulating power units such as a circulating pump and a blower of the system adopt direct current motors so as to improve the electric energy conversion and utilization efficiency. The low-temperature air exhausted by the PEMFC is directly introduced into the evaporation side of the air source heat pump air conditioning unit and used as a heat pump low-temperature heat source, so that a new integration mode of the PEMFC and the heat pump is formed, the waste heat of the fuel cell is effectively utilized, and the COP value of the heat pump is improved. Under the refrigeration working condition, the low-temperature air is directly exhausted through pipeline switching.
The stabilization of the reaction temperature inside the fuel cell is achieved by liquid cooling circulation, and the cooling liquid recovered heat is absorbed in the phase change heat accumulator 216 or released in the cooler 205 through the thermostatic valve 214. And when the heat recovered by the PEMFC cannot meet the heat energy requirement of a user, carrying out complementary heat supply of the low-temperature air source heat pump. Annual domestic hot water and heating season heating load demands are provided by the phase change thermal storage 216. The PEMFC-based multi-energy complementary combined heat and power generation system is controlled in real time through a control subsystem, the control subsystem comprises three slave controllers, namely a first slave controller 402, a second slave controller 404 and a third slave controller 403 and a main controller 401, the high-efficiency and stable energy output of the multi-energy complementary system is ensured according to different optimization targets of the system, the first slave controller 402, the second slave controller 404 and the third slave controller 403 transmit collected data to the main controller 401, and the main controller 401 issues control commands to the first slave controller 402, the second slave controller 404 and the third slave controller 401.
Note that: the PEMFC in the present invention refers to a proton exchange membrane fuel cell.
The foregoing description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the technical scope of the present invention, so any minor modifications, equivalent changes and modifications made to the above embodiments according to the technical principles of the present invention still fall within the scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A multi-energy complementary combined cooling heating power system based on a fuel cell is characterized by comprising: the system comprises a PEMFC unit, a thermal management unit, an electric power unit and a control unit, wherein the PEMFC unit comprises a proton exchange membrane fuel cell, a hydrogen source for providing fuel for the proton exchange membrane fuel cell, an air source for providing air required by electrochemical reaction, a first pipeline and a second pipeline; the hydrogen source is communicated with the anode of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell through the first pipeline; the air source is communicated with the cathode of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell through the second pipeline; the heat management unit comprises a low-temperature air heat source pump, a phase change heat accumulator, a third pipeline, a fourth pipeline and a fifth pipeline, wherein the phase change heat accumulator is used for providing domestic hot water and heating load in heating seasons; the evaporation end of the low-temperature air heat source pump is communicated with the exhaust end of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell through the third pipeline; the low-temperature air heat source pump is communicated with the phase change heat accumulator through the fourth pipeline; the cooling device of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell is communicated with the phase change heat accumulator through the fifth pipeline; the power unit comprises a power storage module, a DC/DC conversion module and a DC/AC conversion module, wherein the proton exchange membrane fuel cell is electrically connected with the power storage module through the DC/DC conversion module, and the power storage module and the DC/DC conversion module provide electric energy for a user through the DC/AC conversion module; the control unit is electrically connected with the PEMFC unit, the thermal management unit and the power unit respectively and used for controlling the PEMFC unit, the thermal management unit and the power unit in real time.
2. The fuel cell-based multi-energy complementary combined cooling, heating and power system according to claim 1, wherein the first pipeline comprises a circulating pipeline and a gas supply pipeline, and the circulating pipeline is respectively communicated with an anode hydrogen inlet end and an anode hydrogen outlet end of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell; the circulating pipeline is provided with a hydrogen circulating pump, a first pressure regulating valve for regulating the air supply pressure and a first electromagnetic valve for controlling the on-off of a loop, the first pressure regulating valve is arranged between the hydrogen circulating pump and the first electromagnetic valve, and the first electromagnetic valve is arranged close to the anode hydrogen outlet end; one end of the gas supply pipeline is communicated with the hydrogen source, and the other end of the gas supply pipeline is communicated with the circulating pipeline between the first pressure regulating valve and the first electromagnetic valve; the air supply pipeline is provided with a second electromagnetic valve for controlling the on-off of the air supply pipeline.
3. The fuel cell-based multi-energy complementary combined cooling, heating and power system according to claim 2, wherein a first flow sensor and a first temperature sensor are arranged between the first electromagnetic valve and the first pressure regulating valve on the circulation pipeline, a first pressure sensor and a second flow sensor are arranged between the first pressure regulating valve and the hydrogen circulation pump, and a second temperature sensor is arranged between the hydrogen circulation pump and the anode hydrogen inlet end; the second pipeline is sequentially provided with an air filter, a cathode blower, a humidifier and a third electromagnetic valve for controlling the on-off air supply of the second pipeline, wherein the air filter is arranged at one end close to the air source.
4. The fuel cell-based multi-energy complementary combined cooling, heating and power system according to claim 3, wherein a third flow sensor and a third temperature sensor are arranged between the third electromagnetic valve and the cathode air inlet end of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell on the second pipeline; a second pressure sensor is arranged between the cathode blower and the humidifier; a fourth temperature sensor is disposed between the air filter and the air source.
5. The fuel cell-based multi-energy complementary combined cooling, heating and power system according to claim 4, wherein a second pressure regulating valve for regulating the exhaust pressure is arranged on the third pipeline; the fourth pipeline is provided with a fourth electromagnetic valve for controlling the on-off of the fourth pipeline and an air circulating pump for gas circulation; the fourth pipeline comprises a phase change heat accumulator air inlet pipe and a phase change heat accumulator air outlet pipe, one end of the phase change heat accumulator air inlet pipe is communicated with the low-temperature air heat source pump, and the other end of the phase change heat accumulator air inlet pipe is communicated with the phase change heat accumulator air inlet; one end of an air outlet pipe of the phase change heat accumulator is communicated with the low-temperature air heat source pump, and the other end of the air outlet pipe of the phase change heat accumulator is communicated with an air outlet of the phase change heat accumulator; the air circulating pump is arranged on the phase change heat accumulator air inlet pipe; the fourth electromagnetic valve is arranged on the phase change heat accumulator air outlet pipe.
6. The fuel cell-based multi-energy complementary combined cooling, heating and power system according to claim 5, wherein the cooling device of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell comprises a cooling pipeline, a fifth electromagnetic valve, a thermostatic valve, a cooler and a cooling pump for controlling the on-off of the cooling pipeline are sequentially arranged on the cooling pipeline, and the cooling pump is arranged near a cooling liquid inlet end of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell; the fifth pipeline comprises a liquid inlet pipe and a liquid return pipe, one end of the liquid inlet pipe is communicated with the thermostatic valve, and the other end of the liquid inlet pipe is communicated with a liquid inlet of a radiator of the phase change heat accumulator; one end of the liquid return pipe is communicated with a liquid outlet of the radiator of the phase change heat accumulator, and the other end of the liquid return pipe is communicated with a liquid inlet of the cooling pump.
7. The fuel cell-based multi-energy complementary combined cooling, heating and power system according to claim 6, wherein a fifth temperature sensor is arranged at the evaporation end of the second pressure regulating valve and the low-temperature air heat source pump on the third pipeline, and a fourth flow sensor is arranged between the low-temperature air heat source pump and the fourth electromagnetic valve; the phase change heat accumulator air inlet pipe and the phase change heat accumulator air outlet pipe are respectively provided with a sixth temperature sensor and a seventh temperature sensor; a fifth flow sensor and an eighth temperature sensor are arranged between the fifth electromagnetic valve and the constant temperature valve; a ninth temperature sensor and a tenth temperature sensor are respectively arranged on the liquid inlet pipe and the liquid return pipe; an eleventh temperature sensor is arranged between the cooling pump and the cooling liquid inlet end of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell.
8. The fuel cell-based multi-energy complementary combined cooling, heating and power system according to claim 7, wherein a first current sensor and a voltage sensor are arranged between the proton exchange membrane fuel cell and the DC/DC conversion module, wherein the first current sensor is used for testing the output current of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell, and the voltage sensor is used for monitoring the output voltage of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell; a second current sensor is arranged between the electricity storage module and the DC/AC conversion module and used for monitoring the output current of the electricity storage module; the twelfth temperature sensor is arranged on the electricity storage module and used for monitoring the temperature of the electricity storage module; the DC/AC conversion module and the power grid are electrically connected with user electric equipment through wires; a first power transmitter is arranged between the power grid and the electric wire; and a second power transmitter is arranged on the electric wire.
9. The fuel cell-based multi-energy complementary combined cooling, heating and power system according to claim 8, wherein the control unit comprises a master controller, a first slave controller, a second slave controller, and a third slave controller; the master controller is respectively and electrically connected with the first slave controller, the second slave controller and the third slave controller; the first slave controller, the second slave controller and the third slave controller are respectively and electrically connected with the PEMFC unit, the thermal management unit and the power unit and are respectively used for controlling the PEMFC unit, the thermal management unit and the power unit in real time.
10. The fuel cell-based multi-energy complementary combined cooling, heating and power system according to claim 9, wherein the first slave controller is electrically connected to the proton exchange membrane fuel cell, the hydrogen circulation pump, the first pressure regulating valve, the first solenoid valve, the second solenoid valve, the first flow sensor, the first temperature sensor, the first pressure sensor, the second flow sensor, the second temperature sensor, the third solenoid valve, the third flow sensor, the third temperature sensor, the fourth temperature sensor, the humidifier, and the cathode blower, respectively; the second slave controller is electrically connected with the second pressure regulating valve, the fourth electromagnetic valve, the air circulation pump, the phase change heat accumulator air inlet pipe, the phase change heat accumulator, the fifth electromagnetic valve, the thermostatic valve, the cooling pump, the fifth temperature sensor, the fourth flow sensor, the sixth temperature sensor, the seventh temperature sensor, the fifth flow sensor, the eighth temperature sensor, the ninth temperature sensor, the tenth temperature sensor and the eleventh temperature sensor respectively; the third slave controller is electrically connected with the DC/DC conversion module, the DC/AC conversion module, the first current sensor, the voltage sensor, the electricity storage module, the second current sensor, the twelfth temperature sensor, the first power transmitter and the second power transmitter respectively.
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| CN208423062U (en) * | 2018-07-05 | 2019-01-22 | 北京稳力科技有限公司 | A kind of integration Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells vehicle temperature control system |
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