CN112510222A - Multi-energy complementary combined cooling heating and power system based on fuel cell - Google Patents
Multi-energy complementary combined cooling heating and power system based on fuel cell Download PDFInfo
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- CN112510222A CN112510222A CN202011496120.7A CN202011496120A CN112510222A CN 112510222 A CN112510222 A CN 112510222A CN 202011496120 A CN202011496120 A CN 202011496120A CN 112510222 A CN112510222 A CN 112510222A
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 86
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000110 cooling liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005338 heat storage Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 2
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04701—Temperature
- H01M8/04708—Temperature of fuel cell reactants
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04029—Heat exchange using liquids
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04067—Heat exchange or temperature measuring elements, thermal insulation, e.g. heat pipes, heat pumps, fins
- H01M8/04074—Heat exchange unit structures specially adapted for fuel cell
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04746—Pressure; Flow
- H01M8/04753—Pressure; Flow of fuel cell reactants
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04858—Electric variables
- H01M8/04865—Voltage
- H01M8/04873—Voltage of the individual fuel cell
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04858—Electric variables
- H01M8/04925—Power, energy, capacity or load
- H01M8/04932—Power, energy, capacity or load of the individual fuel cell
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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Abstract
The invention discloses a multi-energy complementary combined cooling heating and power system based on a fuel cell, which belongs to the field of energy utilization and comprises the following components: the system comprises a PEMFC unit, a thermal management unit, a power unit and a control unit, wherein the PEMFC unit comprises a proton exchange membrane fuel cell, a hydrogen source, an air source, a first pipeline and a second pipeline; the heat management unit comprises a low-temperature air heat source pump, a phase change heat accumulator, a third pipeline, a fourth pipeline and a fifth pipeline; the power unit comprises an electricity storage module, a DC/DC conversion module and a DC/AC conversion module; the control unit is electrically connected with the PEMFC unit, the thermal management unit and the power unit respectively. The invention fully utilizes the low-grade characteristic of the residual heat of the PEMFC, organically integrates the residual heat with a low-temperature air source heat pump, high-efficiency heat storage, high-density electricity storage and high-efficiency energy supply tail end, reasonably utilizes the residual heat and heat energy of the PEMFC, realizes the cogeneration of fuel cells, and has the comprehensive utilization efficiency of energy sources of 75-95 percent.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of energy utilization, and particularly relates to a multi-energy complementary combined cooling, heating and power generation system based on a fuel cell.
Background
The fuel cell directly converts chemical energy of fuel and oxidant into direct current electric energy, is effective equipment and an energy hub for converting hydrogen energy into electric energy, is a static energy conversion device, has the efficiency not limited by Carnot cycle efficiency, and has the remarkable advantages of high energy conversion efficiency, short load response time, low pollutant emission, environmental friendliness, low noise level, high reliability and the like.
The conversion of chemical energy of fuel into electric energy in the fuel cell is an exothermic reaction, and effective heat dissipation measures must be taken, otherwise the temperature of the cell stack will be continuously increased, and the electrolyte membrane is dehydrated, shrunk and even cracked, thus seriously affecting the cell performance and the system safety. In the prior art, the cooling mode adopted by the PEMFC stack is mainly air cooling and cooling liquid circulating heat removal, the waste heat of the PEMFC accounts for about 40-60% of the total energy input by the battery, but the discharge preheating is not reasonably utilized.
Therefore, a power cogeneration system capable of reasonably utilizing the waste heat and heat of the PEMFC is urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to provide a power cogeneration system capable of reasonably utilizing the waste heat and heat energy of a PEMFC, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a multi-energy complementary combined cooling, heating and power system based on fuel cells comprises: the system comprises a PEMFC unit, a thermal management unit, an electric power unit and a control unit, wherein the PEMFC unit comprises a proton exchange membrane fuel cell, a hydrogen source for providing fuel for the proton exchange membrane fuel cell, an air source for providing air required by electrochemical reaction, a first pipeline and a second pipeline; the hydrogen source is communicated with the anode of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell through the first pipeline; the air source is communicated with the cathode of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell through the second pipeline; the heat management unit comprises a low-temperature air heat source pump, a phase change heat accumulator, a third pipeline, a fourth pipeline and a fifth pipeline, wherein the phase change heat accumulator is used for providing domestic hot water and heating load in a heating season; the evaporation end of the low-temperature air heat source pump is communicated with the exhaust end of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell through the third pipeline; the low-temperature air heat source pump is communicated with the phase change heat accumulator through the fourth pipeline; the cooling device of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell is communicated with the phase change heat accumulator through the fifth pipeline; the power unit comprises an electricity storage module, a DC/DC conversion module and a DC/AC conversion module, the proton exchange membrane fuel cell is electrically connected with the electricity storage module through the DC/DC conversion module, and the electricity storage module and the DC/DC conversion module provide electric energy for users through the DC/AC conversion module; the control unit is respectively electrically connected with the PEMFC unit, the thermal management unit and the power unit and is used for controlling the PEMFC unit, the thermal management unit and the power unit in real time.
Further, the first pipeline comprises a circulating pipeline and an air supply pipeline, and the circulating pipeline is respectively communicated with an anode hydrogen inlet end and an anode hydrogen outlet end of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell; the circulating pipeline is provided with a hydrogen circulating pump, a first pressure regulating valve for regulating the gas supply pressure and a first electromagnetic valve for controlling the on-off of a loop, the first pressure regulating valve is arranged between the hydrogen circulating pump and the first electromagnetic valve, and the first electromagnetic valve is arranged close to the anode hydrogen outlet end; one end of the gas supply pipeline is communicated with the hydrogen source, and the other end of the gas supply pipeline is communicated with the circulating pipeline positioned between the first pressure regulating valve and the first electromagnetic valve; and the air supply pipeline is provided with a second electromagnetic valve for controlling the on-off of the air supply pipeline.
Further, a first flow sensor and a first temperature sensor are arranged on the circulation pipeline between the first electromagnetic valve and the first pressure regulating valve, a first pressure sensor and a second flow sensor are arranged between the first pressure regulating valve and the hydrogen circulating pump, and a second temperature sensor is arranged between the hydrogen circulating pump and the anode hydrogen inlet end; the second pipeline is sequentially provided with an air filter, a cathode blower, a humidifier and a third electromagnetic valve for controlling the second pipeline to make and break air supply, wherein the air filter is arranged at one end close to the air source.
Furthermore, a third flow sensor and a third temperature sensor are arranged between the third electromagnetic valve and the cathode air inlet end of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell on the second pipeline; a second pressure sensor is arranged between the cathode blower and the humidifier; a fourth temperature sensor is disposed between the air filter and the air source.
Further, a second pressure regulating valve for regulating the exhaust pressure is arranged on the third pipeline; a fourth electromagnetic valve for controlling the on-off of the fourth pipeline and an air circulating pump for gas circulation are arranged on the fourth pipeline; the fourth pipeline comprises a phase change heat accumulator air inlet pipe and a phase change heat accumulator air outlet pipe, one end of the phase change heat accumulator air inlet pipe is communicated with the low-temperature air heat source pump, and the other end of the phase change heat accumulator air inlet pipe is communicated with an air inlet of the phase change heat accumulator; one end of the air outlet pipe of the phase change heat accumulator is communicated with the low-temperature air heat source pump, and the other end of the air outlet pipe of the phase change heat accumulator is communicated with an air outlet of the phase change heat accumulator; the air circulating pump is arranged on the air inlet pipe of the phase change heat accumulator; and the fourth electromagnetic valve is arranged on the gas outlet pipe of the phase change heat accumulator.
Furthermore, the cooling device of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell comprises a cooling pipeline, a fifth electromagnetic valve for controlling the on-off of the cooling pipeline, a thermostatic valve, a cooler and a cooling pump are sequentially arranged on the cooling pipeline, and the cooling pump is arranged at a position close to the coolant inlet end of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell; the fifth pipeline comprises a liquid inlet pipe and a liquid return pipe, one end of the liquid inlet pipe is communicated with the thermostatic valve, and the other end of the liquid inlet pipe is communicated with a liquid inlet of a radiator of the phase change heat accumulator; and one end of the liquid return pipe is communicated with a liquid outlet of the radiator of the phase change heat accumulator, and the other end of the liquid return pipe is communicated with a liquid inlet of the cooling pump.
Furthermore, on the third pipeline, a fifth temperature sensor is arranged at the evaporation end of the second pressure regulating valve and the low-temperature air heat source pump, and a fourth flow sensor is arranged between the low-temperature air heat source pump and the fourth electromagnetic valve; the phase change heat accumulator air inlet pipe and the phase change heat accumulator air outlet pipe are respectively provided with a sixth temperature sensor and a seventh temperature sensor; a fifth flow sensor and an eighth temperature sensor are arranged between the fifth electromagnetic valve and the thermostatic valve; a ninth temperature sensor and a tenth temperature sensor are respectively arranged on the liquid inlet pipe and the liquid return pipe; and an eleventh temperature sensor is arranged between the cooling pump and the cooling liquid inlet end of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell.
Further, a first current sensor and a voltage sensor are arranged between the proton exchange membrane fuel cell and the DC/DC conversion module, wherein the first current sensor is used for testing the output current of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell, and the voltage sensor is used for monitoring the output voltage of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell; a second current sensor is arranged between the power storage module and the DC/AC conversion module and used for monitoring the output current of the power storage module; the power storage module is provided with a twelfth temperature sensor for monitoring the temperature of the power storage module; the DC/AC conversion module and the power grid are electrically connected with user electric equipment through electric wires; a first power transmitter is arranged between the power grid and the electric wire; and a second power transmitter is arranged on the wire.
Further, the control unit comprises a master controller, a first slave controller, a second slave controller and a third slave controller; the master controller is electrically connected with the first slave controller, the second slave controller and the third slave controller respectively; the first slave controller, the second slave controller and the third slave controller are respectively electrically connected with the PEMFC unit, the thermal management unit and the power unit and are respectively used for controlling the PEMFC unit, the thermal management unit and the power unit in real time.
Further, the first slave controller is electrically connected to the pem fuel cell, the hydrogen circulation pump, the first pressure regulating valve, the first solenoid valve, the second solenoid valve, the first flow sensor, the first temperature sensor, the first pressure sensor, the second flow sensor, the second temperature sensor, the third solenoid valve, the third flow sensor, the third temperature sensor, the fourth temperature sensor, the humidifier, and the cathode blower, respectively; the second slave controller is electrically connected with the second pressure regulating valve, the fourth electromagnetic valve, the air circulating pump, a phase change heat accumulator air inlet pipe, a phase change heat accumulator, the fifth electromagnetic valve, the thermostatic valve, the cooling pump, the fifth temperature sensor, the fourth flow sensor, the sixth temperature sensor, the seventh temperature sensor, the fifth flow sensor, the eighth temperature sensor, the ninth temperature sensor, the tenth temperature sensor and the eleventh temperature sensor respectively; the third slave controller is electrically connected with the DC/DC conversion module, the DC/AC conversion module, the first current sensor, the voltage sensor, the electricity storage module, the second current sensor, the twelfth temperature sensor, the first power transmitter and the second power transmitter respectively.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides a fuel cell-based multi-energy complementary combined cooling heating and power system, which fully utilizes the low-grade characteristic of the waste heat of PEMFC, and organically integrates the PEMFC with a low-temperature air source heat pump air conditioner, high-efficiency heat storage, high-density electricity storage and high-efficiency energy supply tail end to form a fuel cell-based multi-energy complementary combined cooling heating and power system, so that the requirements of hot water, refrigeration and heating in winter all year around are met while the power requirement is provided for village and town users; the waste heat and heat energy of the PEMFC are reasonably utilized, the cogeneration of the fuel cell is realized, and the comprehensive utilization efficiency of energy can reach 75-95%; when supplying heat, the exhaust of the fuel cell is led to the evaporation end of the heat pump, so that the waste heat of the fuel cell is effectively utilized, and the performance coefficient of the heat pump is improved; according to the grade of heat, a phase-change heat storage layered heat accumulator is adopted to perform integrated allocation of different residual heat and heat so as to realize heat supply to the mouth; by effectively integrating the fuel cell, the air source heat pump, the phase change heat storage and the high-capacity electricity storage technology, stable combined cooling, heating and power is realized, and the stability and the reliability of system energy supply are improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a fuel cell-based multi-energy complementary combined cooling, heating and power system according to the present invention;
100, PEMFC unit; 101. proton exchange membrane fuel cells; 102. a source of hydrogen gas; 103. a first flow sensor; 104. a second solenoid valve; 105. a first temperature sensor; 106. a first solenoid valve; 107. a first pressure regulating valve; 108. a second pressure regulating valve; 109. a first pressure sensor; 110. a second flow sensor; 111. a hydrogen circulation pump; 112. a second temperature sensor; 113. a third flow sensor; 114. a third temperature sensor; 115. a third electromagnetic valve; 116. a humidifier; 117. a second pressure sensor; 118. a cathode blower; 119. an air filter; 120. a fourth temperature sensor; 200. a thermal management unit; 201. an eleventh temperature sensor; 202. a fifth solenoid valve; 203. a cooling pump; 204. a fifth flow sensor; 205. a cooler; 206. a low temperature air heat source pump; 207. a fourth flow sensor; 208. a fourth solenoid valve; 209. an air circulation pump; 210. a sixth temperature sensor; 211. a seventh temperature sensor; 212. an eighth temperature sensor; 213. a ninth temperature sensor; 214. a thermostatic valve; 215. a tenth temperature sensor; 216. a phase change heat accumulator; 217. a fifth temperature sensor; 300. a power unit; 301. an electricity storage module; 302. a second current sensor; 303. a twelfth temperature sensor; 304. a voltage sensor; 305. a DC/DC conversion module; 306. a second power transmission; 307. a DC/AC conversion module; 308. a first power transmission; 309. a first current sensor; 400. a control unit; 401. a main controller; 402. a first slave controller; 403. a third slave controller; 404. a second slave controller.
Detailed Description
Example 1
A multi-energy complementary combined cooling, heating and power system based on fuel cells comprises: the PEMFC unit 100 comprises a proton exchange membrane fuel cell 101, a hydrogen source 102 for supplying fuel to the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 101, an air source for supplying air required by electrochemical reaction, a first pipeline and a second pipeline, a thermal management unit 200, a power unit 300 and a control unit 400; the hydrogen source 102 is communicated with the anode of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 101 through a first pipeline; the air source is communicated with the cathode of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 101 through a second pipeline; the heat management unit 200 comprises a low-temperature air heat source pump 206, a phase change heat accumulator 216, a third pipeline, a fourth pipeline and a fifth pipeline, wherein the phase change heat accumulator 216 is used for providing domestic hot water and heating load in a heating season; the evaporation end of the low-temperature air heat source pump 206 is communicated with the exhaust end of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 101 through a third pipeline; the low-temperature air heat source pump 206 is communicated with the phase change heat accumulator 216 through a fourth pipeline; the cooling device of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 101 is communicated with the phase change heat accumulator 216 through a fifth pipeline; the power unit 300 comprises an electricity storage module 301, a DC/DC conversion module 305 and a DC/AC conversion module 307, the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 101 is electrically connected with the electricity storage module 301 through the DC/DC conversion module 305, and the electricity storage module 301 and the DC/DC conversion module 305 provide electric energy for a user through the DC/AC conversion module 307; the control unit 400 is electrically connected to the PEMFC unit 100, the thermal management unit 200, and the power unit 300, respectively, and is used for real-time control of the PEMFC unit 100, the thermal management unit 200, and the power unit 300.
In the present embodiment, the electricity storage module 301 is a lithium battery; the hydrogen source 102 is a tank or conduit of hydrogen.
The first pipeline comprises a circulating pipeline and an air supply pipeline, and the circulating pipeline is respectively communicated with an anode hydrogen inlet end and an anode hydrogen outlet end of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 101; a hydrogen circulating pump 111, a first pressure regulating valve 107 for regulating the gas supply pressure and a first electromagnetic valve 106 for controlling the on-off of the loop are arranged on the circulating pipeline, the first pressure regulating valve 107 is arranged between the hydrogen circulating pump 111 and the first electromagnetic valve 106, and the first electromagnetic valve 106 is arranged close to the anode hydrogen outlet end; one end of the gas supply pipeline is communicated with the hydrogen source 102, and the other end of the gas supply pipeline is communicated with a circulating pipeline between the first pressure regulating valve 107 and the first electromagnetic valve 106; the air supply pipeline is provided with a second electromagnetic valve 104 for controlling the on-off of the air supply pipeline.
On the circulation pipeline, a first flow sensor 103 and a first temperature sensor 105 are arranged between a first electromagnetic valve 106 and a first pressure regulating valve 107, a first pressure sensor 109 and a second flow sensor 110 are arranged between the first pressure regulating valve 107 and a hydrogen circulating pump 111, and a second temperature sensor 112 is arranged between the hydrogen circulating pump 111 and the anode hydrogen inlet end; the second pipeline is sequentially provided with an air filter 119, a cathode blower 118, a humidifier 116 and a third electromagnetic valve 115 for controlling the second pipeline to make and break air supply, wherein the air filter 119 is arranged at one end close to an air source.
On the second pipeline, a third flow sensor 113 and a third temperature sensor 114 are arranged between the third electromagnetic valve 115 and the cathode air inlet end of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 101; a second pressure sensor 117 is provided between the cathode blower 118 and the humidifier 116; a fourth temperature sensor 120 is provided between the air filter 119 and the air source.
A second pressure regulating valve 108 for regulating the exhaust pressure is arranged on the third pipeline; a fourth electromagnetic valve 208 for controlling the on-off of the fourth pipeline and an air circulating pump 209 for gas circulation are arranged on the fourth pipeline; the fourth pipeline comprises a phase change heat accumulator 216 air inlet pipe and a phase change heat accumulator 216 air outlet pipe, one end of the phase change heat accumulator 216 air inlet pipe is communicated with the low-temperature air heat source pump 206, and the other end of the phase change heat accumulator 216 air inlet pipe is communicated with an air inlet of the phase change heat accumulator 216; one end of an air outlet pipe of the phase change heat accumulator 216 is communicated with the low-temperature air heat source pump 206, and the other end of the air outlet pipe of the phase change heat accumulator 216 is communicated with an air outlet of the phase change heat accumulator 216; the air circulating pump 209 is arranged on an air inlet pipe of the phase change heat accumulator 216; the fourth electromagnetic valve 208 is arranged on an outlet pipe of the phase change heat accumulator 216.
The cooling device of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 101 comprises a cooling pipeline, wherein a fifth electromagnetic valve 202 for controlling the on-off of the cooling pipeline, a thermostatic valve 214, a cooler 205 and a cooling pump 203 are sequentially arranged on the cooling pipeline, and the cooling pump 203 is arranged at a cooling liquid inlet end close to the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 101; the fifth pipeline comprises a liquid inlet pipe and a liquid return pipe, one end of the liquid inlet pipe is communicated with the thermostatic valve 214, and the other end of the liquid inlet pipe is communicated with a liquid inlet of a radiator of the phase change heat accumulator 216; one end of the liquid return pipe is communicated with a radiator liquid outlet of the phase change heat accumulator 216, and the other end of the liquid return pipe is communicated with a liquid inlet of the cooling pump 203.
On the third pipeline, a fifth temperature sensor 217 is arranged at the evaporation end of the second pressure regulating valve 108 and the low-temperature air heat source pump 206, and a fourth flow sensor 207 is arranged between the low-temperature air heat source pump 206 and the fourth electromagnetic valve 208; a sixth temperature sensor 210 and a seventh temperature sensor 211 are respectively arranged on an air inlet pipe of the phase change heat accumulator 216 and an air outlet pipe of the phase change heat accumulator 216; a fifth flow sensor 204 and an eighth temperature sensor 212 are arranged between the fifth electromagnetic valve 202 and the thermostatic valve 214; a ninth temperature sensor 213 and a tenth temperature sensor 215 are respectively arranged on the liquid inlet pipe and the liquid return pipe; an eleventh temperature sensor 201 is provided between the cooling pump 203 and the coolant inlet port of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 101.
A first current sensor and a voltage sensor 304 are arranged between the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 101 and the DC/DC conversion module 305, wherein the first current sensor is used for testing the output current of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 101, and the voltage sensor 304 is used for monitoring the output voltage of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 101; a second current sensor 302 is arranged between the power storage module 301 and the DC/AC conversion module 307, and is used for monitoring the output current of the power storage module 301; the power storage module 301 is provided with a twelfth temperature sensor 303 for monitoring the temperature of the power storage module 301; the DC/AC conversion module 307 is electrically connected with the power grid and the user electric equipment through a wire; a first power transmitter 308 is arranged between the power grid and the electric wire; a second power transmitter 306 is disposed on the wire.
The control unit 400 includes a master controller 401, a first slave controller 402, a second slave controller 404, and a third slave controller 403; the master controller 401 is electrically connected to a first slave controller 402, a second slave controller 404, and a third slave controller 403, respectively; the first slave controller 402, the second slave controller 404, and the third slave controller 403 are electrically connected to the PEMFC unit 100, the thermal management unit 200, and the power unit 300, respectively, and are used for real-time control of the PEMFC unit 100, the thermal management unit 200, and the power unit 300, respectively.
The first slave controller 402 is electrically connected to the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 101, the hydrogen circulation pump 111, the first pressure regulating valve 107, the first electromagnetic valve 106, the second electromagnetic valve 104, the first flow sensor 103, the first temperature sensor 105, the first pressure sensor 109, the second flow sensor 110, the second temperature sensor 112, the third electromagnetic valve 115, the third flow sensor 113, the third temperature sensor 114, the fourth temperature sensor 120, the humidifier 116, the second pressure sensor 117, and the cathode blower 118, respectively; the second slave controller 404 is electrically connected to the second pressure regulating valve 108, the fourth electromagnetic valve 208, the air circulation pump 209, the phase change heat accumulator 216, the fifth electromagnetic valve 202, the thermostatic valve 214, the cooling pump 203, the fifth temperature sensor 217, the fourth flow rate sensor 207, the sixth temperature sensor 210, the seventh temperature sensor 211, the fifth flow rate sensor 204, the eighth temperature sensor 212, the ninth temperature sensor 213, the tenth temperature sensor 215, and the eleventh temperature sensor 201, respectively; the third slave controller 403 is electrically connected to the DC/DC conversion module 305, the DC/AC conversion module 307, the first current sensor, the voltage sensor 304, the power storage module 301, the second current sensor 302, the twelfth temperature sensor 303, the first power transmitter 308, and the second power transmitter 306, respectively.
The working principle of the embodiment is as follows:
the multifunctional complementary combined cooling heating and power system based on the PEMFC takes the PEMFC as a core power unit, utilizes pipeline hydrogen or tank hydrogen storage as a main fuel source, and performs electrochemical reaction with humidified and pressurized air to convert chemical energy of fuel into electric energy and release heat. Direct current generated by the PEMFC is supplied to a user through the DC/DC conversion module 305, the high-density lithium ion battery storage module 301 and the DC/AC conversion module 307, and circulating power units such as a system circulating pump and a blower adopt a direct current motor so as to improve the conversion and utilization efficiency of the electric energy. The low-temperature air exhausted by the PEMFC is directly introduced into the evaporation side of the air-source heat pump air-conditioning unit and is used as a low-temperature heat source of the heat pump, a new integrated mode of the PEMFC and the heat pump is formed, the waste heat of the fuel cell is effectively utilized, and the COP value of the heat pump is improved. Under the refrigeration working condition, low-temperature air is directly emptied by switching the pipelines.
The internal reaction temperature of the fuel cell is stabilized through liquid cooling circulation, and the heat recovered by the cooling liquid is absorbed in the phase change heat accumulator 216 through the thermostatic valve 214 or released in the cooler 205. When the recovered heat of the PEMFC can not meet the heat energy demand of a user, the heat pump supplies heat complementarily by the low-temperature air source heat pump. The annual domestic hot water and heating season heating load demand is provided by the phase change heat accumulator 216. The multifunctional complementary combined cooling, heating and power system based on the PEMFC is controlled in real time through a control subsystem, the control subsystem comprises three slave controllers, namely a first slave controller 402, a second slave controller 404, a third slave controller 403 and a master controller 401, and high-efficiency and stable energy output of the multifunctional complementary system is guaranteed according to different optimization objectives of the system, wherein the first slave controller 402, the second slave controller 404 and the third slave controller 403 transmit acquired data to the master controller 401, and the master controller 401 issues control commands to the first slave controller 402, the second slave controller 404 and the third slave controller 401.
Note: PEMFCs in the present invention refer to proton exchange membrane fuel cells.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the technical scope of the present invention, so that any minor modifications, equivalent changes and modifications made to the above embodiment according to the technical spirit of the present invention are within the technical scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
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| CN115570935A (en) * | 2022-09-30 | 2023-01-06 | 西安交通大学 | Fuel cell thermal management system based on heat pump and phase-change heat storage |
| CN119153725A (en) * | 2024-09-12 | 2024-12-17 | 上海第二工业大学 | Novel proton exchange membrane fuel cell-magnesium-based solid hydrogen storage coupling thermal management system |
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