Reliability test bed for cutter spindle system of gear shaper
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of reliability tests of gear cutting machines, and particularly relates to a reliability test bed for a cutter spindle system of a gear shaping machine.
Background
The gear shaping machine is one of the gear shaping machines, is suitable for processing external teeth and internal teeth of the gear, and is an efficient and high-precision gear processing mode. The machining range of the gear shaping machine is large, load change is large, the cutter spindle performs high-frequency reciprocating motion for a long time, and in the machining process, one side of the gear shaping cutter participates in cutting to generate single-side dynamic cutting force, unbalanced force is applied to a cutter spindle system, so that a sealing structure and a main transmission system of the gear shaping machine are greatly damaged, and the reliability of the gear shaping machine is influenced to a great extent, so that the reliability of the cutter spindle system of the gear shaping machine is one of bottlenecks of influencing the whole machine reliability of the gear shaping machine and improving the production efficiency. The reliability test of the gear shaper cutter spindle system is one of the main methods for exposing the fault of the gear shaper cutter spindle system as soon as possible, analyzing the fault and improving the reliability level of the gear shaper. The test bench for the reliability of the complete machine on-site reliability has long test period, high cost and high requirement on testers, and the loading and state monitoring conditions of the test are difficult to control, so that the test bench for the reliability of the gear shaper cutter spindle system capable of simulating the loading of the cutting load has great significance.
The gear shaping machine tool spindle performs up-and-down reciprocating gear shaping motion in work, and only one side of the gear shaping tool participates in processing, so that a tool spindle system bears dynamic unbalanced force and is easy to generate faults. Meanwhile, the gear shaping machine processes the gear by using a generating method, and the tool spindle and the workpiece spindle are matched in rotating speed to finish gear processing together, so that the indexing precision and the stroke accuracy of the gear shaping machine must be monitored while the cutting load is loaded. The invention provides a reliability test bed of a gear shaper cutter spindle system, which can simulate real cutting load and realize static and dynamic loading according to the actual use working condition of reciprocating movement and rotation of the gear shaper cutter spindle.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems and provides a reliability test bed for a gear shaper cutter spindle system;
a reliability test bed for a gear shaping machine tool spindle system comprises: the device comprises a loading follow-up device, a Z-direction loading device, a tool spindle rotating speed measuring device and a spindle tool monitoring unit;
the main shaft cutter monitoring unit is arranged at the lower part of the cutter main shaft 04 to be tested through a portal frame 41; the tool spindle rotating speed measuring device is arranged at the lower end of the Z-direction loading device; the Z-direction loading device is arranged in a loading follow-up device, and the loading follow-up device is fixed on a ground flat iron 01 through a bracket 12 of the loading follow-up device;
the loading follow-up device drives the Z-direction loading device and the tool spindle rotating speed measuring device to move linearly along the Z direction in a reciprocating mode.
The loading follow-up device comprises: the servo box 11, the bracket 12, the linear motor, the linear guide rail 16 and the guide rail slide block 17; a guide rail slide block 17 is arranged on the follow-up box 11, and a linear guide rail 16 is arranged on the bracket 12; the guide rail sliding block 17 is sleeved on the linear guide rail 16;
the follow-up box 11 is connected with the support 12 through a linear motor, and the follow-up box 11 moves linearly along the Z direction through the linear motor.
The Z-direction loading device comprises: the device comprises an end cover 21, a loading seat 22, a piezoelectric actuator 23, a bearing seat 24, a bearing 25 and a simulation cutter 26; the end cover 21 is fixedly connected with the loading seat 22 through a bolt 27; the bearing seat 24, the bearing 25 and the simulation cutter 26 are connected in sequence; the simulation tool 26 is connected with the tool spindle 04; the piezoelectric actuator 23 is fixed on the loading base 22; the bottom surface of the bearing seat 24 is in contact with the upper end of the loading end of the piezoelectric actuator 23.
The tool spindle rotation speed measuring device comprises: a rotational speed transmission shaft 32, an encoder 33, and a coupling 34; the upper end of the rotating speed transmission shaft 32 is connected with the simulation cutter 26; the lower end of the rotating speed transmission shaft 32 is connected with an encoder 33 through a coupler 34; the encoder 33 is fixedly connected to the end cover 21 through an encoder support 331; the encoder 33 can achieve synchronous measurement of the spindle rotational speed when the tool spindle 04 reciprocates in the Z direction.
The spindle tool monitoring unit includes: a gantry 41, an eddy current sensor 42, a laser displacement sensor 43; the lower ends of the side plates 411 on two sides of the door-shaped frame 41 are fixedly locked on the ground iron 01, a cross beam 412 is arranged on the door-shaped frame 41, and a main shaft through hole 413 is arranged in the middle of the cross beam 412; an eddy current sensor 42 and a laser displacement sensor 43 are respectively arranged beside the main shaft through hole 413 on the lower end surface of the cross beam 412; the eddy current sensor 42 and the laser displacement sensor 43 are fixed beside the main shaft through hole 413 through an L-shaped bracket.
The Z-direction displacement monitoring of the simulation cutter and the radial runout monitoring of the cutter main shaft both adopt a non-contact measurement mode;
when the Z-direction displacement of the simulation cutter is monitored, the laser displacement sensor 43 sends a laser signal, when the signal reaches the upper surface of the simulation cutter, the reflected laser signal returns to the laser displacement sensor, and the displacement of the simulation cutter is obtained through related signal processing;
when the radial runout of the tool spindle is monitored, the eddy current sensor generates a magnetic field, when the tool spindle jumps radially, the magnetic field changes, the eddy current sensor receives alternating current generated by the changing magnetic field, and the radial runout of the tool spindle 04 is obtained through related signal processing.
The invention discloses a reliability test bed for a gear shaper cutter spindle system, which comprises: the device comprises a loading follow-up device, a Z-direction loading device, a tool spindle rotating speed measuring device and a spindle tool monitoring unit; the main shaft cutter monitoring unit is arranged at the lower part of the cutter main shaft 04 to be tested through a portal frame 41; the tool spindle rotating speed measuring device is arranged at the lower end of the Z-direction loading device; the Z-direction loading device is arranged in a loading follow-up device, and the loading follow-up device is fixed on a ground flat iron 01 through a bracket 12 of the loading follow-up device; the loading follow-up device drives the Z-direction loading device and the tool spindle rotating speed measuring device to move linearly along the Z direction in a reciprocating manner; the tool spindle rotating speed measuring device can realize synchronous measurement of the spindle rotating speed when the tool spindle 04 reciprocates along the Z direction; the Z-direction displacement monitoring of the simulation cutter and the radial runout monitoring of the cutter main shaft both adopt a non-contact measurement mode; the radial runout of the tool spindle 04 and the displacement of the simulated tool are obtained by analyzing the detection signals of the eddy current sensor 42 and the laser displacement sensor 43.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. loading static and dynamic loads; the linear motor can drive the loading follow-up part to move in the same speed and direction with the cutter main shaft; when the loading follow-up part moves up and down (in the Z direction) along with the tool spindle, if a static load is applied, the linear motor loads the simulation tool through the loading box, so that the static load loading is realized; if a dynamic load is applied, the linear motor loads the simulated cutter through the loading box, the steady-state component of the cutting force is loaded, meanwhile, the piezoelectric actuator loads the simulated cutter, the loading frequency and the loading load are adjusted, and the dynamic component of the cutting force is loaded, so that the dynamic loading of the simulated actual working condition is realized.
2. The universality is strong; the simulation cutter is connected with the main shaft through the bolt, when test objects with different specifications are replaced, the reliability test of the main shafts with various specifications can be realized only by detaching the bolt and connecting a new test main shaft with the simulation cutter.
3. The performance detection capability is strong; aiming at the characteristic that the main shaft rotates in the up-and-down moving process, the rotating speed transmission shaft is designed, and the rotating speed is transmitted to the encoder on the follow-up box, so that real-time monitoring is realized; meanwhile, the vertical displacement of the main shaft simulation tool and the radial runout of the rotation of the main shaft are monitored, and the closed-loop monitoring of all indexes of the main shaft is ensured.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an overall three-dimensional isometric view of a reliability test bed for a gear shaper cutter spindle system according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an isometric view of a follower box of a loading follower of the gear shaper cutter spindle system reliability test bed of the present invention and a view showing the underside;
FIG. 3 is an exploded view of the loading follower of the gear shaper cutter spindle system reliability test bed in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a top view of a loading follower of the gear shaper cutter spindle system reliability test bed in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 5 is an exploded view of the Z-loading assembly of the reliability test bed for the spindle system of the gear shaper cutter according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is an end cap isometric view of the loading follower of the gear shaper cutter spindle system reliability test bed of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of a Z-direction loading device and a tool spindle speed measurement device of a gear shaper tool spindle system reliability test stand in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 8 is an isometric view of a loading block of the Z-direction loading device of the gear shaper cutter spindle system reliability test bed in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 9 is an isometric view of a simulated tool Z displacement monitoring device and a tool spindle radial run-out monitoring device of the gear shaper tool spindle system reliability test stand in accordance with the present invention;
in the figure:
01. the device comprises a ground flat iron, 02, a supporting column, 03, a spindle box, 04, a tool spindle, 11, a follow-up box, 12, a support, 13, a linear motor primary, 14, a linear motor secondary, 15, a secondary connecting plate, 16, a linear guide rail, 17, a guide rail sliding block, 18, a connecting plate, a 111 column cavity, 112, a shaft hole, 113, a threaded hole, 114, a locking threaded hole, 121, a bolt groove, 21, an end cover, 22, a loading seat, 23, a piezoelectric actuator, 24, a bearing seat, 25, a thrust ball bearing, 26, a simulation tool, 27, a bolt pin, 211, a bolt hole, 212, an annular boss, 213, an axle center through hole, 214, a wire slotted hole, 215, a pin hole, 221, a circular through hole, 222, an actuator fixing seat, 31, a door type frame, 311, side plates 411, 412, a beam, 32, a rotating speed transmission shaft, 33, 331, an encoder support, 34, a coupler, 42, 421. an eddy current sensor support, 43. a laser displacement sensor, 431. a laser displacement sensor support.
Detailed Description
The gear shaping machine is a metal cutting machine tool, and is a gear processing machine tool for processing internal, external straight teeth, helical gears and other tooth-shaped parts by using a gear shaping cutter according to a generating method; the support column 02 of the finger inserting machine is fixedly locked on the ground flat iron 01 through bolts; the spindle box 03 of the finger inserting machine is positioned at the upper end of a support upright column 02 of the finger inserting machine; a tool spindle 04 of the finger inserting machine is vertical to the lower part of a spindle box 03; the reliability monitoring is carried out on the main shaft cutting part of the gear shaping machine;
embodiment 1 reliability test bed for cutter spindle system of gear shaper
Referring to fig. 1-9, a gear shaper cutter spindle system reliability test stand comprises: the device comprises a loading follow-up device, a Z-direction loading device, a tool spindle rotating speed measuring device and a spindle tool monitoring unit;
the loading follow-up device comprises: the servo box 11, the bracket 12, the linear motor, the secondary connecting plate 15, the linear guide rail 16, the guide rail slide block 17 and the connecting plate 18;
a cylindrical cavity 111 is arranged in the middle of the follow-up box 11, a shaft hole 112 is formed in one end of the cylindrical cavity 111, and the axis of the cylindrical cavity 111 coincides with that of the shaft hole 112; the outer edge of the other end of the cylindrical cavity 111 is provided with a plurality of threaded holes 113, and the threaded holes 113 are distributed on the outer edge of the cylindrical cavity 111 in an annular array manner; a connecting plate locking screw hole 114 is arranged at one side of the servo box 11;
the lower end of the bracket 12 is provided with a bolt groove 121, and a bolt passes through the bolt groove 121 to lock the bracket 12 on the ground iron 01;
the vertical end face of one side of the bracket 12 is provided with two linear guide rails 16, and the two linear guide rails 16 are vertically locked on one side of the bracket 12 in parallel;
the linear motor includes: the linear motor primary 13, the linear motor secondary 14 and the linear motor primary 13 are fixedly locked in the middle of the two linear guide rails through bolts; the linear motor secondary 14 is in locking connection with the connecting plate 18 through a secondary connecting plate 15;
the connecting plate 18 is fixed on the follow-up box 11; a guide rail sliding block 17 is also arranged on the connecting plate 18; the guide rail slide block 17 is fixedly connected with the connecting plate 18; the sliding groove of the guide rail sliding block 17 is sleeved on the linear guide rail 16;
when the linear motor secondary 14 moves along the Z direction, the servo box 11 is driven to do Z-direction reciprocating linear motion on the linear guide rail 16;
the Z-direction loading device comprises: the device comprises an end cover 21, a loading seat 22, a piezoelectric actuator 23, a bearing seat 24, a bearing 25 and a simulation cutter 26;
the end cover 21 is provided with a bolt hole 211, and a bolt penetrates through the bolt hole 211 to lock the end cover 21 in the threaded hole 113 of the servo box 11; the upper end face of the end cover 21 is provided with a circular boss 212, and the upper end face of the boss 212 is provided with two pin holes 215 which are symmetrically arranged; the middle part of the end cover 21 is provided with an axis through hole 213, and the central line of the axis through hole 213 is superposed with the central line of the end cover 21; two symmetrically arranged wire slot holes 214 are formed in the circular ring-shaped boss 212;
a circular through hole 221 is formed in the center of the upper end face of the loading seat 22, and the center line of the circular through hole 221 is overlapped with that of the loading seat 22; an actuator fixing seat 222 is arranged on the end surface of one side of the loading seat 22; two blind holes are arranged on the end surface of the other side of the loading seat 22, and the two blind holes are respectively in locking connection with the blind holes of the loading seat 22 through bolts 27 and corresponding to the pin holes 215 on the end cover 21;
the piezoelectric actuator 23 is arranged in an actuator fixing seat 222 on the loading seat 22, a notch of the actuator fixing seat 222 close to the central line of the loading seat 22 is a power line and control line connection position of the piezoelectric actuator, and the piezoelectric actuator 23 is connected to the outside through a round hole on the loading seat 22 and a lead slot hole 214 on the end cover 21;
the lower end face of the simulation cutter 26 is of a disc-shaped structure, a bolt counter bore is formed in the center of the lower end face, and the simulation cutter 26 penetrates through the bolt counter bore through a bolt to be fixedly connected with the cutter spindle 04;
a groove is arranged on the lower end face of the simulation cutter 26, the diameter of the groove is the same as that of the race of the bearing 25, and the lower end face of the simulation cutter 26 is matched with the upper end face of the race of the bearing 25;
the bottom end of the bearing seat 24 is of a disc-shaped structure, the upper end of the bearing seat is of a cylindrical structure, and a cylindrical outer ring at the upper end of the bearing seat is in interference fit with an inner ring surface of a lower seat ring of the bearing 25; the bottom surface of the bearing seat 24 is contacted with the upper end of the loading end of the piezoelectric actuator 23;
the bearing 25 is a thrust ball bearing;
the axes of the tool spindle 04, the simulation tool 26, the bearing 25, the bearing seat 24, the loading seat 22 and the end cover 21 are superposed on the central line of the follow-up box 11;
the tool spindle 04 can be connected with the rotating speed transmission shaft 32 through the shaft hole 112;
the tool spindle rotation speed measuring device includes: a rotational speed transmission shaft 32, an encoder 33, and a coupling 34;
the rotating speed transmission shaft 32 is a stepped shaft, a connecting flange 321 is arranged at one end of the rotating speed transmission shaft 32, and the simulation cutter 26 is fixed on the connecting flange 321 through bolts; the other end of the rotating speed transmission shaft 32 is coupled with an encoder 33 through a coupler 34; the encoder 33 is fixedly connected to the end cover 21 through an encoder support 331;
when the tool spindle 04 rotates, the rotating speed is transmitted to the simulation tool 26, so that the rotating speed transmission shaft 32 is driven to synchronously rotate, the speed is transmitted to the encoder 33 through the coupler 34, and the encoder 33 is fixed to the end cover 21 through the encoder support 331, so that the synchronous measurement of the spindle rotating speed when the tool spindle 04 reciprocates along the Z direction is realized;
the main shaft cutter monitoring unit monitors Z-direction displacement of the simulation cutter and radial runout of a cutter main shaft; the Z-direction displacement monitoring of the simulation cutter and the radial runout monitoring of the cutter main shaft both adopt a non-contact measurement mode;
the spindle tool monitoring unit includes: a gantry 41, an eddy current sensor 42, a laser displacement sensor 43;
the lower ends of the side plates 411 on two sides of the door-shaped frame 41 are fixedly locked on the ground iron 01, a cross beam 412 is arranged on the door-shaped frame 41, and a main shaft through hole 413 is arranged in the middle of the cross beam 412; an eddy current sensor 42 and a laser displacement sensor 43 are respectively arranged beside the main shaft through hole 413 on the lower end surface of the cross beam 412;
the eddy current sensor 42 is fixed on the eddy current sensor support 421;
the laser displacement sensor 43 is fixed on the laser displacement sensor support 431;
the eddy current sensor support 421 and the laser displacement sensor support 431 are both L-shaped supports;
the eddy current sensor support 421 and the laser displacement sensor support 431 are fixedly connected to the lower end face of the cross beam 412;
when the Z-direction displacement of the simulated cutter is monitored, the laser displacement sensor 43 sends a laser signal, when the signal reaches the upper surface of the simulated cutter, the reflected laser signal returns to the laser displacement sensor, and the displacement of the simulated cutter is obtained through related signal processing;
when the radial runout of the tool spindle is monitored, the eddy current sensor generates a magnetic field, when the tool spindle jumps radially, the magnetic field changes, the eddy current sensor receives alternating current generated by the changing magnetic field, and the radial runout of the tool spindle 04 is obtained through related signal processing;
the embodiment of the present invention is described in order to facilitate those skilled in the art to understand and apply the present invention, and the present invention is only an optimized embodiment, or a preferred embodiment; equivalent structural changes or various modifications which do not require inventive work are within the scope of the present invention if those skilled in the art insist on the basic technical solution of the present invention.