CN112494625B - 一种骨痹膏及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种骨痹膏及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN112494625B
CN112494625B CN202011518410.7A CN202011518410A CN112494625B CN 112494625 B CN112494625 B CN 112494625B CN 202011518410 A CN202011518410 A CN 202011518410A CN 112494625 B CN112494625 B CN 112494625B
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parts
radix
unprocessed
rhizoma
root
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CN112494625A (zh
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林金淮
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    • A61K36/32Burseraceae (Frankincense family)
    • A61K36/324Boswellia, e.g. frankincense
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    • A61K31/12Ketones
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    • A61K31/125Camphor; Nuclear substituted derivatives thereof
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    • A61K35/12Materials from mammals; Compositions comprising non-specified tissues or cells; Compositions comprising non-embryonic stem cells; Genetically modified cells
    • A61K35/36Skin; Hair; Nails; Sebaceous glands; Cerumen; Epidermis; Epithelial cells; Keratinocytes; Langerhans cells; Ectodermal cells
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    • A61K35/62Leeches; Worms, e.g. cestodes, tapeworms, nematodes, roundworms, earth worms, ascarids, filarias, hookworms, trichinella or taenia
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种骨痹膏及其制备方法,所述骨痹膏包括以下各组分:乳香,没药,血竭,浙贝母,羌活,厚朴,川木香,生川乌,生草乌,生白芷,生紫荆皮,生香附,狗脊,煅自燃铜,独活,续断,骨碎补,川芎,木瓜,上安桂,当归,猪蹄甲,生马钱子,生半夏,生南星,葛根,玄胡,小茴香,丹参,赤芍,川牛膝,蜈蚣,川楝子,桃仁,麻黄,桑寄生,土鳖虫,威灵仙,桂枝,雷公藤,水蛭,川椒,白胡椒,洋金花,闹洋花,红花,郁金,三七,生大黄,姜黄,樟脑,薄荷脑。本发明提供的骨痹膏可避免采用相关保护动物的肢体作为原材料,同时可保证其疗效,具有补肝益肾,强精壮骨,活血化瘀,舒筋活络,温经通络,祛风除湿,散寒止痛的功效。

Description

一种骨痹膏及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及领域中药技术领域,更具体地,涉及一种骨痹膏及其制备方法。
背景技术
骨痹语出《素问·痹论》。指气血不足,湿之邪伤于骨髓的病症。主要症状为骨痛、身重、有麻痹感、四肢沉重难举;病因病机较为复杂,《张氏医通》和《类证治裁》均提到:“骨痹,即寒痹、痛痹也。”
骨痹相当于现代医学的风湿、类风湿性关节炎、强直性脊柱炎、骨质增生等症。对于此类病西医通常采用西药加激素治疗止疼,副作用极大,其治愈率极低,且只能治标不能治本,长期服用激素药影响人的身体健康并可造成其他疾病,给人造成经济上很大的负担。中药熬成汤药内服非常麻烦,效果不理想;有的用中药研成细粉用开水调湿后外敷患处,然而其存在以下问题,其一、每次用的时候要现烧开水比较麻烦;其二、药物的有效成分不能完全释放出来,其三、有部分人易过敏,引起局部瘙痒、红肿等。此外,现有的治疗骨痹的中药配方中通常还含有一些国家保护动物的药物,其原材料不易获取,随着对国家保护动物的逐渐重视,其配方的实用性能逐渐降低。
发明内容
有鉴于此,本发明的目的主要在于提供一种可避免采用相关保护动物的肢体作为原材料,加上相关有促进药物吸收的相关药材和祛风除湿的药材的同时不用加化学透皮剂可保证其疗效、提高了临床效果且使用方便的骨痹膏。
为实现上述目的,本发明的技术方案为:
一种骨痹膏,所述骨痹膏的组方包括以下重量份的各组分:乳香 10~20份,没药10~20份,血竭10~20份,浙贝母10~15份,羌活10~15 份,厚朴15~20份,川木香15~20份,生川乌10~15份,生草乌10~15 份,生白芷25~30份,生紫荆皮25~30份,生香附15~20份,狗脊10~15 份,煅自燃铜15~25份,独活15~25份,续断15~25份,骨碎补25~35份,川芎15~20份,木瓜15~20份,上安桂10~20份,当归50~60份,猪蹄甲35~45份,生马钱子10~15份,生半夏10~15份,生南星9~15 份,葛根15~20份,玄胡10~15份,小茴香15~20份,丹参15~20份,赤芍15~20份,川牛膝10~15份,蜈蚣2~6份,川楝子10~15份,桃仁9~15份,麻黄10~15份,桑寄生10~15份,土鳖虫10~15份,威灵仙15~20份,桂枝15~20份,雷公藤10~15份,水蛭10~15份,川椒 6~9份,白胡椒6~9份,洋金花10~15份,闹洋花10~15份,红花10~15 份,郁金20~25份,三七12~18份,生大黄13~18份,姜黄18~20份,樟脑25~30份,薄荷脑15~20份。
优选的,所述骨痹膏的组方包括以下重量份的各组分:乳香15份, 没药15份,血竭15份,浙贝母12份,羌活12份,厚朴13份,川木香13份,生川乌12份,生草乌12份,生白芷27份,生紫荆皮28份,生香附17份,狗脊13份,煅自燃铜20份,独活20份,续断20份,骨碎补30份,川芎18份,木瓜18份,上安桂15份,当归55份,猪蹄甲40份,生马钱子13份,生半夏13份,生南星13份,葛根17份,玄胡12份,小茴香18份,丹参18份,赤芍18份,川牛膝12份,蜈蚣3份,川楝子12份,桃仁12份,麻黄13份,桑寄生13份,土鳖虫13份,威灵仙18份,桂枝18份,雷公藤13份,水蛭13份,川椒 7份,白胡椒8份,洋金花13份,闹洋花13份,红花13份,郁金23 份,三七15份,生大黄16份,姜黄19份,樟脑28份,薄荷脑18份。
优选的,所述骨痹膏的组方中还包括纯麻油2600~3200份和黄丹1300~1600份。
本发明的目的之二在于提供一种骨痹膏的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1)备药
按重量份称取以下各药材:乳香10~20份,没药10~20份,血竭 10~20份,浙贝母10~15份,羌活10~15份,厚朴15~20份,川木香 15~20份,生川乌10~15份,生草乌10~15份,生白芷25~30份,生紫荆皮25~30份,生香附15~20份,狗脊10~15份,煅自燃铜15~25份,独活15~25份,续断15~25份,骨碎补25~35份,川芎15~20份,木瓜15~20份,上安桂10~20份,当归50~60份,猪蹄甲35~45份,生马钱子10~15份,生半夏10~15份,生南星9~15份,葛根15~20份,玄胡10~15份,小茴香15~20份,丹参15~20份,赤芍15~20份,川牛膝10~15份,蜈蚣2~6份,川楝子10~15份,桃仁9~15份,麻黄10~15 份,桑寄生10~15份,土鳖虫10~15份,威灵仙15~20份,桂枝15~20 份,雷公藤10~15份,水蛭10~15份,川椒6~9份,白胡椒6~9份,洋金花10~15份,闹洋花10~15份,红花10~15份,郁金20~25份,三七12~18份,生大黄13~18份,姜黄18~20份,樟脑25~30份,薄荷脑15~20份,纯麻油2600~3200份,黄丹1300~1600份;
筛选出其中不宜高温提取有效成分的部分药材,粉碎、过筛、备用;再将剩余药材分为骨及矿物质类、根茎类、枝干类、花叶类、果实类、芳香类类药材,分别切片或切段,备用;
2)炸料提取
将纯麻油加热后,按照油温依次加入步骤1)中的骨及矿物质类、根茎类、枝干类、花叶类、果实类药材进行炸料,炸料完成后,将炸后的药材捞出,得到初次药油;
3)炼油
将所得初次药油依次经降温、沉淀、过滤后,再进行加热,加热至油烟从青烟变成白浓烟时即可,得到提炼油;
4)下丹成膏
将步骤3)所得提炼油与黄丹混合搅拌,使黄丹与提炼油充分混合至锅内油沫完全消退后,开火继续熬制,当油烟由青色变成白色并有膏药味时即可停火,得到膏药初品;
5)去火毒
将步骤5)所得膏药初品以细流倒入盛有冷水的容器中,同时搅拌,使膏药初品在水中成带状,待膏药初品冷却后结成块时,制块并浸泡在水中,以除去火毒;
6)摊膏
将步骤5)中去好火毒的膏药初品置于锅内,文火加热熔化至水汽去尽,再降温后加入粉粹成细粉的不宜高温提取有效成分的部分药材,搅拌均匀后滩涂在布、纸或者皮上即可。
优选的,步骤2)具体为:将纯麻油用文火加热至40~80℃时,加入步骤1)中的骨及矿物质类药材和根茎类药材进行炸料,待油温升至 90~120℃时,加入步骤1)中的枝干类和果实类药材进行炸料,待油温升至200~250℃时,加入步骤1)中的花叶类和芳香类类药材,炸料过程中不断翻搅,使药材受热均匀,将全部药材炸至外部呈深褐色内部焦黄色时停火,将炸后的药材捞出,得到初次药油。
优选的,步骤4)具体为:将所述提炼油控温在270~320℃时,将黄丹均匀撒在提炼油中同时顺时针方向不停搅拌,使黄丹与提炼油充分化合,加快搅拌速度,至锅内油沫完全消退后,开火继续熬制,当油烟由青色变成白色并有膏药味时即可停火,得到膏药初品。
其中,筛选出的不宜高温提取有效成分的部分药材包括:浙贝母、小茴香、蜈蚣、土鳖虫、水蛭、川椒、白胡椒、三七、乳香、樟脑和薄荷脑。
骨及矿物质类药材包括:猪蹄甲和煅自燃铜。
根茎类药材包括:生川乌、生草乌、生白芷、生香附、狗脊、羌活、独活、续断、骨碎补、川芎、当归、生半夏、生南星、葛根、玄胡、丹参、赤芍、川牛膝、生大黄、姜黄。
枝干类药材包括:桂枝、威灵仙、雷公藤、桑寄生、厚朴、生紫荆皮、上安桂、麻黄。
花叶类:洋金花、闹洋花、红花。
果实类药材包括:木瓜、生马钱子、川楝子、桃仁、郁金。
芳香类类药材包括:没药,血竭、川木香。
优选的,所述黄丹在加入前经翻炒加热除去水分,加入至所述提炼油时将黄丹过100~120目的细筛。
优选的,步骤5)中浸泡时间为3天以上,浸泡时每天更换1~2 次冷水。
优选的,步骤1)中,不宜高温提取有效成分的部分药材包括:浙贝母、小茴香、蜈蚣、土鳖虫、水蛭、川椒、白胡椒、三七、乳香、樟脑和薄荷脑;将所述不宜高温提取有效成分的部分药材分别粉碎、过100~120目筛、备用;
步骤6)中,将去好火毒的膏药加热熔化后,先降温至80~100℃,加入备用的浙贝母、小茴香、蜈蚣、土鳖虫、水蛭、川椒、白胡椒、三七细粉,搅拌均匀,继续降温至60~80℃时,加入乳香、樟脑和薄荷脑细粉,搅拌均匀后滩涂在布、纸或者皮上,用压板按压即可。
本发明的有益效果在于:
本发明提供的组方是根据骨伤科疾病,慢性软组织损伤性疾病,风湿、类风湿性疾病的病因,病理,病症进行选取确定。其中,乳香,没药,血竭,红花,桃仁,猪蹄甲,骨碎补,赤芍,三七,水蛭,生紫荆皮,生大黄,煅自燃铜,川芎,丹参,玄胡、姜黄、郁金18味药共为君药,具有活血化瘀,舒筋活络的效果;上安桂,生川乌,生草乌,威灵仙,生马钱子,土鳖虫,生半夏,蜈蚣,白胡椒,洋金花,闹洋花,雷公藤,浙贝母,木瓜,葛根,川椒,小茴香,生南星18味药共为臣药,起到温经通络,祛风除湿,散寒止痛的效果;续断,狗脊,川牛膝,当归,桑寄生5味药合为佐药,起到补肝益肾,强精壮骨的效果;麻黄,桂枝,羌活,独活,生白芷,厚朴,川木香,生香附,川楝子,樟脑,薄荷脑11味药共为使药具有发散及引经的效果。
本发明中,申请人作为杜氏骨伤第五代传承人,其在杜氏骨伤流派中的“活血散”的处方的基础上进行研究改进,将经典配方“活血散”中涉及到的国家保护动物身上的原料进行多次替换和尝试,最终创造性的发现在将原方减去麝香、虎骨、甲珠,增加骨碎补、狗脊、威灵仙、樟脑、薄荷脑等以替代其相关功能再配伍祛风除湿、温经通络、补益肝肾、强筋壮骨的相关药物确保其原方疗效的同时扩大了适应症且提高了临床疗效,故此方具有补肝益肾,强精壮骨,活血化瘀,舒筋活络,温经通络,祛风除湿,散寒止痛的功效。对颈椎间盘突出症,腰椎间盘突出症,颈、肩、腰、臀、腿痛,风湿、类风湿,骨伤、软组织损伤,以及各种慢性疼痛具有显著的疗效。
通过将传统共研细末,用开水调成糊状外敷的使用方法调整为将组方制备成膏药状进行针对性治疗,使得组方中的有效成分可以更多的被提取出来,使用方便且有效提高了治疗效果。
具体实施方式
在下面的描述中阐述了很多具体细节以便于充分理解本发明。但是本发明能够以很多不同于在此描述的其它方式来实施,本领域技术人员可以在不违背本发明内涵的情况下做类似改进,因此本发明不受下面公开的具体实施的限制。
除非另有定义,本文所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本发明的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同。本文中在本发明的说明书中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的,不是旨在于限制本发明。
实施例1
一种骨痹膏,包括以下重量份的各组分:
乳香15克,没药15克,血竭15克,浙贝母12克,羌活12克,厚朴13克,川木香13克,生川乌12克,生草乌12克,生白芷27克,生紫荆皮28克,生香附17克,狗脊13克,煅自燃铜20克,独活20 克,续断20克,骨碎补30克,川芎18克,木瓜18克,上安桂15克,当归55克,猪蹄甲40克,生马钱子13克,生半夏13克,生南星13 克,葛根17克,玄胡12克,小茴香18克,丹参18克,赤芍18克,川牛膝12克,蜈蚣3克,川楝子12克,桃仁12克,麻黄13克,桑寄生13克,土鳖虫13克,威灵仙18克,桂枝18克,雷公藤13克,水蛭13克,川椒7克,白胡椒8克,洋金花13克,闹洋花13克,红花13克,郁金23克,三七15克,生大黄16克,姜黄19克,樟脑28 克,薄荷脑18克,纯麻油2900克和黄丹1450克。
该骨痹膏的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1)备药
按重量称取上述各药材,并将上述药材分为:
骨及矿物质类:猪蹄甲和煅自燃铜。
根茎类:生川乌、生草乌、生白芷、生香附、狗脊、羌活、独活、续断、骨碎补、川芎、当归、生半夏、生南星、葛根、玄胡、丹参、赤芍、川牛膝、生大黄、姜黄。
枝干类:桂枝、威灵仙、雷公藤、桑寄生、厚朴、生紫荆皮、上安桂、麻黄。
花叶类:洋金花、闹洋花、红花。
果实类:木瓜、生马钱子、川楝子、桃仁、郁金。
芳香类:没药,血竭、川木香。
不宜高温提取有效成分的部分药材:浙贝母、小茴香、蜈蚣、土鳖虫、水蛭、川椒、白胡椒、三七、乳香、樟脑和薄荷脑。
将骨及矿物质类、根茎类、枝干类、花叶类、果实类、芳香类药材,分别切片或切段,备用;
将不宜高温提取有效成分的部分药材分别粉碎成100~120目,备用。
将黄丹下锅翻炒至水分干易过100~120目的筛为度。
2)炸料提取
将备好的纯麻油倒入锅内文火加热当油温达到40~80度左右时将已经分类好的骨及矿物质类药材放下锅开始炸料,待油温油温升高至 100度左右时把枝干类和果实类放入锅内炸取;同时用新鲜湿木棍不断翻搅,使药受热均匀,当油温达到200~250度左右时再放入花叶类,全部中药已炸到外部呈深褐色内部焦黄色,即外焦内 焦但未碳化时停火;马上用漏勺将药渣捞出。
3)炼油
将炸好的药油离火,待油温稍降后倒入准备好的其他容器内沉淀药渣再用两层纱布过滤药油后,再把药油倒入锅内开始炼油,炼油时认真观察锅内的油温变化情况,观察方法有以下四种:
a、观察到油烟从青烟变成白浓烟时即可;
b、锅内的油花从锅壁开到锅中央时即可;
c、用测温仪测到油温达320度时即可;
d、将药油滴到水中即滴水成珠色亮便可;
上述四种任一情况达到即可停火;准备下丹。
4)下丹成膏
将炼好的药油待油温度下降在270~320度时下丹,将炒好的黄丹置于100~120目的细筛内,均匀撒在油中同时用木棍顺时针方向不停地搅动,以防黄丹漂浮在油面或结粒沉底,使黄丹与药油充分化合,此时加速搅动以防燃烧,当锅内油沫完全消退后,开火继续熬制,当油烟由青色变成白色并有膏药味时即可停火;开始做膏药的老嫩实验,实验方法:取少量膏药滴入水中稍冷后用手扯成细丝较有韧性并且不粘手而有力,色黑润有光泽,此时膏药已成。
5)去火毒
把熬制到老嫩合适的膏药稍冷后缓慢的以细流倒入盛有大量冷水的容器中,同时用木棍顺时针搅拌,使膏药在水中成带状,即可去火毒,待膏药冷却后结成块时,制成适量的块浸泡在水中,每天更换1~2 次水,浸泡7~10天。
6)摊膏
将去好火毒的膏药置于锅内,文火加热熔化至水汽去尽,膏温降至80~100度左右时,将备好的药材细粉浙贝母、小茴香、蜈蚣、土鳖虫、水蛭、川椒、白胡椒、三七加入其中搅拌均匀,待膏药降至60~80 度时再加入乳香、樟脑和薄荷脑细粉,搅拌均匀后滩涂在布、纸或者皮上,用两块玻璃板按压即可制得膏药A,相比于传统的用一根木棍在牛皮纸上摊膏药效率低出膏慢,可起到即省力又美观出膏又快的效果。
实施例2
一种骨痹膏,包括以下重量份的各组分:乳香10克,没药10克,血竭10克,浙贝母10克,羌活10克,厚朴15克,川木香15克,生川乌10克,生草乌10克,生白芷25克,生紫荆皮25克,生香附15 克,狗脊10克,煅自燃铜15克,独活15克,续断15克,骨碎补25 克,川芎15克,木瓜15克,上安桂10克,当归50克,猪蹄甲35克,生马钱子10克,生半夏10克,生南星9克,葛根15克,玄胡10克,小茴香15克,丹参15克,赤芍15克,川牛膝10克,蜈蚣2克,川楝子10克,桃仁9克,麻黄10克,桑寄生10克,土鳖虫10克,威灵仙15克,桂枝15克,雷公藤10克,水蛭10克,川椒6克,白胡椒6克,洋金花10克,闹洋花10克,红花10克,郁金20克,三七 12克,生大黄13克,姜黄18克,樟脑25克,薄荷脑15克,纯麻油 2600克和黄丹1300克。
按照实施例1中的步骤制备得到膏药B。
实施例3
一种骨痹膏,包括以下重量份的各组分:乳香20克,没药20克,血竭20克,浙贝母15克,羌活15克,厚朴20克,川木香20克,生川乌15克,生草乌15克,生白芷30克,生紫荆皮30克,生香附20 克,狗脊15克,煅自燃铜25克,独活25克,续断25克,骨碎补35 克,川芎20克,木瓜20克,上安桂20克,当归60克,猪蹄甲45克,生马钱子15克,生半夏15克,生南星15克,葛根20克,玄胡15克,小茴香20克,丹参20克,赤芍20克,川牛膝15克,蜈蚣6克,川楝子15克,桃仁15克,麻黄15克,桑寄生15克,土鳖虫15克,威灵仙20克,桂枝20克,雷公藤15克,水蛭15克,川椒9克,白胡椒9克,洋金花15克,闹洋花15克,红花15克,郁金25克,三七 12~18克,生大黄18克,姜黄20克,樟脑30克,薄荷脑20克,纯麻油3200克和黄丹1600克。
按照实施例1中的步骤制备得到膏药C。
对比实施例1
本实施例与实施例1的区别在于将组方中的骨碎补调整为15克,樟脑调整为15克,薄荷脑15克不加水蛭和猪蹄甲。
同样按照实施例1中的步骤将调整后的组方制备得到膏药D。
对比实施例2
本实施例与实施例1的区别在于将组方中的骨碎补调整为50克,樟脑调整为40克,薄荷脑50克,水蛭调整为20克,猪蹄甲调整为1。
同样按照实施例1中的步骤将调整后的组方制备得到膏药E。
典型病例/临床试验结果:
研究对象:排除伴有严重其他疾病的,随机选取120例患者,患者中包括临床症状为颈椎病、肩背痛、腰椎病、臀腿痛和腰部软组织损伤的;随机分为6组,每组20例。前3组为试验组,后3组为对照组。一组至五组分别对应局部使用膏药A至膏药E,即第一组使用膏药A,第二组使用膏药B,以此类推。第六组口服使用西药双氯酚酸钠加三七片;同时每组均结合针刀松解术进行辅助治疗,治疗2周后观察结果。
疗效标准和治疗效果:
临床痊愈:关节疼痛基本消失,日常生活不受影响,关节无肿胀、瘀斑;
显效:关节疼痛明显减轻,偶发或有轻度疼痛,可以耐受,日常生活基本正常,关节无肿胀、瘀斑;
有效:患者的症状有一定程度好转,但仍有疼痛、肿胀、瘀斑,临床症状较治疗前减轻;
无效:治疗前后临床无明显改善,甚或加重。
治疗结果:
表1治疗结果:
组号 痊愈 显效 有效 无效 总有效率
第一组 4 13 3 0 100%
第二组 3 11 5 1 95%
第三组 3 11 6 0 100%
第四组 0 7 9 4 80%
第五组 1 5 11 3 85%
第六组 2 13 3 2 90%
典型治疗病例:
临床案例一
患者曾X芳女38岁,家住成都市成华区保和街道万科北路2号,颈肩部反复疼痛6年加重5天,在其他医院多处治疗曾一度有所好转, 5天前因负重后出现颈肩部疼痛加重,于2014年5月17日前来就诊,查及C 2棘突至颈肩结合部压痛较明显;经DR查示:1.C3-4-5-6椎间盘突出症2.相应椎体骨质增生;考虑诊断:1.颈型颈椎病,2.颈肩结合部软组织损害;治疗:予以小针刀松解术加“骨痹膏”大椎穴局部贴敷;术后4天前来复诊自述已经好转了80%左右,查及上述疼痛部位仅有轻度压痛,给予换1贴“骨痹膏”;术后10天前来复诊上述症状基本消失,再给予换上1贴”骨痹膏“,嘱其反复使用7次而临床治愈;随访2年未见复发。
临床案例二
患者杨X地,男,84岁,家住绵竹玉泉镇龙兴村3组,因右侧臀部伴小腿疼痛反复发作40年加重1月余,于2015年8月27日前来就诊,查及面色晦暗,舌苔淡白边有齿印,脉沉细;右下肢运动受限,右侧直腿抬腿实验呈阳性,腘神经弹拨实验呈阳性;四字实验阳性;经DR查示:L3-L5椎间盘突出症;MRI查示:1.L3-L5椎间盘突出症;2. 相应椎管狭窄症;考虑诊断:1.腰椎间盘突出症;2.椎管狭窄症;3.腰骶部软组织损害;治疗:予小针刀松解术加“骨痹膏”局部贴敷治疗;术后第6天次诊患者自述症状已经减轻了50%左右,术后第12天再予以“骨痹膏”贴于L5-S1处,术后第18天再次前来复诊,上述症状减轻70%左右;嘱其每周前来复诊贴敷“骨痹膏”1次,贴至9次临床症状基本消失。
临床案例三
患者卯X祥,男,52岁,家住云南省昭通市昭阳区太平办事处桃园社区8组;因肩胛背区疼痛反复发作2年加重1个月,在当地医院诊治口服西药双氯酚酸钠加三七片曾一度好转,1个月前用力不当进而加重再次口服上述药物效果不佳;于2013年7月16日前来就诊;查及肩胛背区压痛尤以右侧较明显,右侧上肢内收及伸展抬高疼痛加重; DR查示:胸壁及胸腔内无异常发现发现。考虑诊断:1.斜方肌下部纤维劳损;2.右侧大菱形肌损害;治疗:予以一次针刀松解术加贴“骨痹膏”并给予6贴带回家每隔6天换1贴“骨痹膏”;一个月后电话随访,患者主诉贴完第4贴膏药后基本不痛了,贴完第6贴后完全不痛了。
临床案例四
患者董X明,男,60岁,农民,家住内江市威远县严陵镇魏家村5组,因腰部疼痛反复发作25年加重伴左下肢疼痛3周,曾在当地医院针灸推拿及口服中药治疗曾一度好转,近3周来因搬重物后腰痛加重并出现下肢疼痛尤以小腿为甚;随即到县人民医院诊治医生收住院治疗在院期间经MRI查示:1.L3-L5椎间盘突出症;2.L3-L5椎体骨质增生相应椎管狭窄;经输液、口服药物、针灸、推拿、红外线等治疗轻度好转出院,经人介绍于2015年10月13日前来就诊;查及腰部棘突两侧轻度叩痛;双侧臀中肌均压痛并触及稍软可移动之包块,余无阳性发现;考虑诊断:1.腰椎间盘突出症;2.竖脊肌损害;3.双侧臀中肌损害;治疗:1.针刀松解术,2.局部贴骨痹膏,每周一次,经过3次治疗后而临床治愈。
临床案例五
患者陈英,女,52岁,家住内江市威远县正西镇新屋村5组;因患左下肢疼痛反复发作6年加重伴麻木一个月;曾在当地医院诊治扎针灸口服中药(药方不详)不见好转,于2014年5月28日前来就诊,查及L4-5椎体周围轻度叩痛,左下肢直腿抬高实验阳性,腘神经弹拨实验阳性;承山穴压痛较明显;DR查示:1.L3-L5椎间盘突出症;2.L3-L5椎体骨质增生;治疗:予以针刀松解术加骨痹膏术后局部贴敷;每周一次,经4次治疗临床治愈。
临床案例六
患者汤X英,女,60岁,退休职工,家住成都市万年场花样年花郡13号;因腰部反复疼痛20年加重伴右小腿1个月就诊;之前在多家骨科医院诊治做DR、CT、MRI查示:1.L2-L5椎间盘突出症;2.腰椎退行性改变;3.L3-L5椎体骨质增生;经过输液、牵引、推拿按摩、针灸针刀等治疗曾一度好转;于2015年12月20日前来就诊;查及L1-S1 椎旁均轻度压痛,右臀中部触及鸡蛋大小中等强度之包块压痛明显;右下肢直腿抬高试验阳性;考虑诊断:1.腰椎间盘突出症;2.竖脊肌损害;3.右侧臀中肌损害;治疗:1.针刀松解术;2.腰臀部各贴1贴骨痹膏;每周一次,经过6次治疗而临床治愈。
以上所述实施例的各技术特征可以进行任意的组合,为使描述简洁,未对上述实施例中的各个技术特征所有可能的组合都进行描述,然而,只要这些技术特征的组合不存在矛盾,都应当认为是本说明书记载的范围。
以上所述实施例仅表达了本发明的几种实施方式,其描述较为具体和详细,但并不能因此而理解为对发明专利范围的限制。应当指出的是,对于本领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明构思的前提下,还可以做出若干变形和改进,这些都属于本发明的保护范围。因此,本发明专利的保护范围应以所附权利要求为准。

Claims (6)

1.一种骨痹膏,其特征在于,所述骨痹膏的组方由以下重量份的各组分组成:乳香15份, 没药15份,血竭15份,浙贝母12份,羌活12份,厚朴13份,川木香13份,生川乌12份,生草乌12份,生白芷27份,生紫荆皮28份,生香附17份,狗脊13份,煅自燃铜20份,独活20份,续断20份,骨碎补30份,川芎18份,木瓜18份,上安桂15份,当归55份,猪蹄甲40份,生马钱子13份,生半夏13份,生南星13份,葛根17份,玄胡12份,小茴香18份,丹参18份,赤芍18份,川牛膝12份,蜈蚣3份,川楝子12份,桃仁12份,麻黄13份,桑寄生13份,土鳖虫13份,威灵仙18份,桂枝18份,雷公藤13份,水蛭13份,川椒7份,白胡椒8份,洋金花13份,闹洋花13份,红花13份,郁金23份,三七15份,生大黄16份,姜黄19份,樟脑28份,薄荷脑18份,纯麻油2600~3200份和黄丹1300~1600份。
2.一种骨痹膏的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
1)备药
按重量份称取以下各药材:乳香15份, 没药15份,血竭15份,浙贝母12份,羌活12份,厚朴13份,川木香13份,生川乌12份,生草乌12份,生白芷27份,生紫荆皮28份,生香附17份,狗脊13份,煅自燃铜20份,独活20份,续断20份,骨碎补30份,川芎18份,木瓜18份,上安桂15份,当归55份,猪蹄甲40份,生马钱子13份,生半夏13份,生南星13份,葛根17份,玄胡12份,小茴香18份,丹参18份,赤芍18份,川牛膝12份,蜈蚣3份,川楝子12份,桃仁12份,麻黄13份,桑寄生13份,土鳖虫13份,威灵仙18份,桂枝18份,雷公藤13份,水蛭13份,川椒7份,白胡椒8份,洋金花13份,闹洋花13份,红花13份,郁金23份,三七15份,生大黄16份,姜黄19份,樟脑28份,薄荷脑18份,纯麻油2600~3200份和黄丹1300~1600份;
筛选出其中不宜高温提取有效成分的部分药材,粉碎、过筛、备用;再将剩余药材分为骨及矿物质类、根茎类、枝干类、花叶类、果实类、芳香类药材,分别切片或切段,备用;
其中,
骨及矿物质类:猪蹄甲和煅自燃铜;
根茎类:生川乌、生草乌、生白芷、生香附、狗脊、羌活、独活、续断、骨碎补、川芎、当归、生半夏、生南星、葛根、玄胡、丹参、赤芍、川牛膝、生大黄、姜黄;
枝干类:桂枝、威灵仙、雷公藤、桑寄生、厚朴、生紫荆皮、上安桂、麻黄;
花叶类:洋金花、闹洋花、红花;
果实类:木瓜、生马钱子、川楝子、桃仁、郁金;
芳香类:没药,血竭、川木香;
不宜高温提取有效成分的药材:浙贝母、小茴香、蜈蚣、土鳖虫、水蛭、川椒、白胡椒、三七、乳香、樟脑和薄荷脑;
2)炸料提取
将备好的纯麻油倒入锅内文火加热当油温达到40~80度时将已经分类好的骨及矿物质类药材放下锅开始炸料,待油温升高至100度时把枝干类和果实类放入锅内炸取;同时用新鲜湿木棍不断翻搅,使药受热均匀,当油温达到200~250度时再放入花叶类,全部中药已炸到外部呈深褐色内部焦黄色,即外焦内焦但未碳化时停火;马上用漏勺将药渣捞出,得到初次药油;
3)炼油
将所得初次药油依次经降温、沉淀、过滤后,再进行加热,加热至油烟从青烟变成白浓烟时即可,得到提炼油;
4)下丹成膏
将步骤3)所得提炼油与黄丹混合搅拌,使黄丹与提炼油充分混合至锅内油沫完全消退后,开火继续熬制,当油烟由青色变成白色并有膏药味时即可停火,得到膏药初品;
5)去火毒
将步骤4)所得膏药初品以细流倒入盛有冷水的容器中,同时搅拌,使膏药初品在水中成带状,待膏药初品冷却后结成块时,制块并浸泡在水中,以除去火毒;
6)摊膏
将步骤5)中去好火毒的膏药初品置于锅内,文火加热熔化至水汽去尽,再降温后加入粉粹成细粉的不宜高温提取有效成分的部分药材,搅拌均匀后滩涂在布、纸或者皮上即可。
3.根据权利要求2所述的骨痹膏的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤4)具体为:将所述提炼油控温在270~320℃时,将黄丹均匀撒在提炼油中同时顺时针方向不停搅拌,使黄丹与提炼油充分化合,加快搅拌速度,至锅内油沫完全消退后,开火继续熬制,当油烟由青色变成白色并有膏药味时即可停火,得到膏药初品。
4.根据权利要求3所述的骨痹膏的制备方法,其特征在于,所述黄丹在加入前经翻炒加热除去水分,加入至所述提炼油时将黄丹过100~120目的细筛。
5.根据权利要求2所述的骨痹膏的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤5)中浸泡时间为3天以上,浸泡时每天更换1~2次冷水。
6.根据权利要求2所述的骨痹膏的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤1)中,不宜高温提取有效成分的部分药材为:浙贝母、小茴香、蜈蚣、土鳖虫、水蛭、川椒、白胡椒、三七、乳香、樟脑和薄荷脑;将所述不宜高温提取有效成分的部分药材分别粉碎、过100~120目筛、备用;
步骤6)中,将去好火毒的膏药加热熔化后,先降温至80~100℃,加入备用的浙贝母、小茴香、蜈蚣、土鳖虫、水蛭、川椒、白胡椒、三七细粉,搅拌均匀,继续降温至60~80℃时,加入乳香、樟脑和薄荷脑细粉,搅拌均匀后滩涂在布、纸或者皮上,用压板按压即可。
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