CN112475297A - Device and method for hot extrusion of deep tubular mechanical parts by reduced iron powder - Google Patents
Device and method for hot extrusion of deep tubular mechanical parts by reduced iron powder Download PDFInfo
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- CN112475297A CN112475297A CN202011245015.6A CN202011245015A CN112475297A CN 112475297 A CN112475297 A CN 112475297A CN 202011245015 A CN202011245015 A CN 202011245015A CN 112475297 A CN112475297 A CN 112475297A
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- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 114
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/003—Apparatus, e.g. furnaces
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/14—Treatment of metallic powder
- B22F1/142—Thermal or thermo-mechanical treatment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/14—Treatment of metallic powder
- B22F1/145—Chemical treatment, e.g. passivation or decarburisation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/02—Compacting only
- B22F3/03—Press-moulding apparatus therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/10—Sintering only
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/20—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces by extruding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
- B22F5/10—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product of articles with cavities or holes, not otherwise provided for in the preceding subgroups
- B22F5/106—Tube or ring forms
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/20—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces by extruding
- B22F2003/208—Warm or hot extruding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
- B22F2003/248—Thermal after-treatment
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Abstract
The invention discloses a device for hot extrusion of deep tubular mechanical parts by reduced iron powder, which sequentially comprises a heat insulation bin, a feeding device, a molding hydraulic machine, a high-temperature heating furnace, a hot-pressing hydraulic machine and an annealing furnace according to the process sequence; the invention also provides a method for hot extrusion of deep tubular mechanical parts by using the reduced iron powder, wherein the secondary reduced iron powder is firstly subjected to hydraulic molding, and the molding block is heated and then subjected to hot extrusion. The low-temperature thermosetting extrusion preparation method of the deep tubular mechanical part can obviously prolong the service life of the die, can prevent the part from deforming, has the characteristics of high yield, high efficiency and ecological environmental protection, and develops a new field for the preparation of the mechanical part.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of manufacturing of mechanical parts, and particularly relates to a device and a method for hot-extruding a deep tubular mechanical part by using reduced iron powder.
Background
According to Paris climate agreement, China government promises that China will reach the peak value of carbon emission in 2035 years for energy conservation, emission reduction and ecological environmental protection, so that the state starts to compress the capacity of plain carbon steel from 2013, and then the state limits the development of small-scale casting enterprises for the same reason.
Therefore, the development of advanced and reliable preparation devices and methods for low-cost, high-capacity, energy-saving and environment-friendly mechanical parts to armed and meet the increasingly strong and powerful requirements of the machinery manufacturing industry in China is urgent.
Several years ago, the price of the cast motor casing was only 4500 yuan/ton, and the goods cost is more than half a year. Nowadays, with the reduction of the number of casting enterprises, the spot price of motor casing blanks reaches more than 5800 yuan/ton, and the supply is short, so is the production situation of various counterweight iron blocks and other mechanical part blanks.
Therefore, a great development space and opportunity exist for developing a new device and a new process technology which are operated at low cost, high in yield, energy-saving and environment-friendly and can replace a melting casting method for a mechanical part blank product.
At present, a method of one-time hot forging and pressing molding by using metal powder is also available in the market. Granular metal particle steel raw materials are adopted and heated to about 850 ℃ at most, and the pressure of a hydraulic press is 7-10 t/cm2The nominal pressure tonnage of the hydraulic press is also very large, the loss of the die is very high, the consumption of a ton product reduced die is 500-600 yuan/ton, but the requirements of three indexes of surface smoothness, strength and density of a hot forged part cannot be guaranteed, and the production cost is very high and is not profitable, so that the process technology of one-step hot forging and forming of the metal powder is immature, and the production and operation cost is very high.
The invention innovates a device and a method which do not need to melt scrap steel and pig iron into molten iron and then pour and mold the molten iron, but adopt iron-based Direct Reduced Iron (DRI) powder and adopt two-step hot extrusion molding under the low-temperature thermosetting state, and some part products do not need to be subjected to mechanical finish machining; the device and the method have the advantages that even if two times of heating and two times of hot pressing are adopted, the cost of die consumption sharing per ton of a product is only 30-40 yuan/ton, in addition, the part does not generate waste residue and waste water in the hot pressing process, the smoke discharge amount is less, the device and the method have the advantages of saving energy, no discharge or less discharge compared with the traditional melting casting method for preparing mechanical parts, realize the economic, efficient, ecological and environment-friendly preparation of the mechanical parts, have strong vitality and wide development space, open a brand-new field for the preparation of the mechanical parts, and have profound social significance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a device and a method for hot-extruding deep tubular mechanical parts by using reduced iron powder, aiming at the defects of the prior art. The invention comprises two hydraulic presses and corresponding dies, wherein the secondary reduced iron powder is firstly subjected to hydraulic molding and then heated and then subjected to hot extrusion by using the second hydraulic press. The low-temperature thermal solid state extrusion preparation method for the deep tubular mechanical parts has the characteristics of high yield, high efficiency, ecology and environmental protection, and develops a new field for the preparation of the mechanical parts.
The specific technical scheme is as follows:
the invention aims to provide a device for hot extrusion of deep tubular mechanical parts by reduced iron powder, which sequentially comprises a heat insulation bin, a feeding device, a molding hydraulic machine, a high-temperature heating furnace, a hot-pressing hydraulic machine and an annealing furnace according to the process sequence;
the molding hydraulic machine and the hot-pressing hydraulic machine are both four-beam and four-column hydraulic machines, and each hydraulic machine comprises four upright posts, an upper jacking cylinder fixed on the upper fixed beam, a second beam of the hydraulic machine, a lower jacking cylinder, a third beam of the hydraulic machine and a reciprocating oil cylinder of the third beam, wherein the second beam of the hydraulic machine is fixedly connected with the lower end of the upper jacking cylinder and can be pushed and pulled by the upper jacking cylinder to move up and down relative to the upright posts; the two third beam reciprocating oil cylinders are fixed on the lower fixed beam, and the ejector rods of the two third beam reciprocating oil cylinders are connected with the third beam of the hydraulic machine, so that the third beam of the hydraulic machine can be pushed and pulled to move up and down relative to the upright post;
wherein, the four upright posts, the upper fixed beam and the lower fixed beam are all fixing parts of the hydraulic machine;
the lower end of the second beam of the hydraulic press is fixedly connected with an upper punch die;
the upper end of the lower fixed beam is vertically fixed with a cylindrical lower die, and a third beam of the hydraulic press is provided with a through hole which can be penetrated by the lower die; the lower jacking cylinder is fixedly arranged at the bottom of the hydraulic press, and a jacking rod of the lower jacking cylinder penetrates through the lower fixing beam and penetrates into the inner cavity of the lower die; the top of the ejector rod of the lower ejection cylinder is fixedly connected with the mold core and can push and pull the mold core to move up and down;
a molding die sleeve is fixedly arranged at the upper end of a third beam of the hydraulic machine of the molding hydraulic machine, and a molding lower die is arranged in the molding die sleeve corresponding to the lower die; the inner cavity of the lower molding die is aligned to the inner cavity of the lower die; the upper edge of the lower die can block the molded blank block to prevent the molded blank block from sliding downwards.
The upper end of a third beam of the hydraulic press of the hot-pressing hydraulic press is fixedly provided with a hot-pressing die sleeve, and a hot-pressing die is arranged in the hot-pressing die sleeve corresponding to the lower die; the inner cavity of the hot pressing die is aligned to the inner cavity of the lower die; the upper edge of the lower die can block the hot-pressed product and prevent the hot-pressed product from sliding downwards.
Taking a hot extrusion motor shell as an example, when the device is used, the reduced iron powder is subjected to flame isolation heating to 620-680 ℃, hydrogen is introduced, and secondary re-reduction and decarburization are carried out; adding 620-680 ℃ warm secondary reduced iron powder into a heat insulation bin, and adding the reduced iron powder into a molding die cavity of a molding hydraulic machine (at the moment, a die core is positioned in the molding die cavity) from the heat insulation bin through a feeding device;
an upper stamping die below a second beam of the hydraulic machine of the molding hydraulic machine descends to carry out warm pressing, and the pressure is kept at 4.5-5 t/cm2Then, the upper punch goes upward, the lower top cylinder pulls the die core to go downward, and the third beam reciprocating oil cylinder pulls the third beam of the hydraulic press and drives the lower modeling die and the modeling die sleeve to go downward; the lower die is fixed and relatively supports out a modeling blank block;
further heating the modeling blank block to 1140-1200 ℃ by using a high-temperature heating furnace;
placing the heated molding blank block between a die cavity and a die core of a hot-pressing hydraulic machine, driving an upper punch die to move downwards to a set position by a second beam of the hydraulic machine, and keeping the pressure at 1.2-2.2 t/cm2Then ascending; the lower top cylinder pulls the mold core to move downwards first, the third beam reciprocating oil cylinder drives the third beam of the hydraulic press, the hot pressing mold sleeve and the hot pressing mold to move downwards again, and the lower top cylinder and the lower mold are fixed and relatively support out a motor shell part product;
sintering the motor shell part product in an annealing furnace; sintering at 1150-1200 ℃ for 30-60 min, freely and slowly cooling to below 900 ℃ for more than 1h, and annealing to complete the whole process.
The two-time heating and two-time hot pressing are one of the core technologies of the invention. The two times of hot pressing are warm hot pressing molding and high temperature hot pressing molding respectively. The pressure intensity of warm-pressing molding is only 4.5-5 t/cm2The density of the product is 5.5 to 6.2t/m3The warm-pressing molding process can be easily completed, and the service life of the warm-pressing mold is prolonged. The hot extrusion only adopts 1.2 to 2.2t/cm2The lower pressure is more beneficial to prolonging the service life of the hot-pressing die.
Furthermore, the device also comprises a tensioning core mechanism;
the tensioning core mechanism comprises a hydraulic oil cylinder system, the hydraulic oil cylinder system comprises a hydraulic oil cylinder mechanism, the hydraulic oil cylinder mechanism is connected with a telescopic oil cylinder, and a pushing end of the telescopic oil cylinder is fixedly connected with a screw rod; a push rod of the telescopic oil cylinder is fixedly connected with a motor base block, and a motor driving mechanism is fixedly arranged on the motor base block; an output shaft of the motor driving mechanism is fixedly sleeved with a driving gear, a screw thread part of the screw rod is sleeved with a screw rod nut matched with the screw rod, a sliding driven gear matched with the screw rod nut is sleeved outside the screw rod nut through a spline, and the sliding driven gear is meshed with the driving gear; one end of the screw rod, which is far away from the telescopic oil cylinder, is sleeved with a driving sliding block which can move along the extension direction of the screw rod;
the tail end of the screw rod, which is far away from the telescopic oil cylinder, is connected with the connecting shaft through a bearing and can rotate relative to the connecting shaft; a driven sliding block which can move along the connecting shaft is sleeved on the connecting shaft;
the tensioning core mechanism also comprises a plurality of arc tensioning plates which are enclosed into a cylinder shape and enclose the driven sliding blocks in the cylinder shape, one end of each arc tensioning plate close to the driving sliding block is hinged with one end of the driving supporting sheet, and the other end of each driving supporting sheet is hinged with the driving sliding block; the arc tensioning plate is hinged with one end of the passive support sheet, and the other end of the passive support sheet is hinged with the passive sliding block. The passive support sheet can be provided with a plurality of groups along the extension direction of the shaft.
The hinge joint of the driving sliding block and the driving sliding sheet is provided with a spring, so that the driving sliding block can return to the original position after losing the driving force.
The tensioning core mechanism is one of the core innovation points of the invention, and can be used for easily and freely taking out or putting down a motor shell component product in a hot pressing process. In the hot pressing process, after pressurization, the upper punch moves upwards, the arc-shaped tensioning plate part of the tensioning core mechanism is pushed downwards to enter the inner hole of the motor shell component product through hydraulic pressure, the motor driving mechanism is started, the screw nut is driven to move downwards through gear engagement, the driving sliding block is pushed, the angle of the driving supporting sheet is changed, the angle of the driven supporting sheet is driven to be changed, the arc-shaped tensioning plate expands outwards, the inner hole of the motor shell component product is propped, and the inner hole of the motor shell component product is in close contact with the tensioning core mechanism and is not loosened. Then, the lower top cylinder pulls the mold core to move downwards, the third beam reciprocating oil cylinder drives the third beam of the hydraulic press, the hot pressing mold sleeve and the hot pressing mold to move downwards, and the lower top cylinder and the lower mold are fixed and relatively support out a motor shell part product. The tension core mechanism and the motor shell component product can be moved to the upper part of the mesh chain conveyor together, the tension core system of the motor shell component product is contracted and taken out, the tension core system falls on the mesh chain conveyor in a good condition, and then annealing operation is carried out.
Deep tubular mechanical parts, such as motor casing products, have the characteristics of thin wall, complex appearance, deep tubular shape and the like. Hot extrusion of deep tubular mechanical parts is not practically difficult, and it is difficult to ensure that the motor casing parts do not deform when the motor casing parts are taken out by mould unloading, otherwise, the motor casing parts become defective products; if the motor casing part product is sprayed with water for cooling after hot extrusion molding and then taken out, the production efficiency is also influenced, and because the casing of the motor casing part product consists of a plurality of radiating fins, the motor casing part product is not smooth when the motor casing part product is disassembled from a mold, and meanwhile, the energy consumption of a subsequent annealing process is increased, so that the method is not an optimal solution. The tensioning core mechanism solves the problems and can easily and freely take out or put down a motor shell component product.
And furthermore, a sliding ring is arranged at one end, away from the screw rod, of a hydraulic oil cylinder system of the tensioning core mechanism, and the hydraulic oil cylinder system can be moved to the upper space of the net chain conveyor by virtue of the sliding ring.
Furthermore, the bottom end of the heat preservation storage bin is provided with a feed opening, a pneumatic valve plate is arranged on the feed opening correspondingly, and the pneumatic valve plate is driven by a pneumatic valve cylinder to control the opening and closing of the feed opening.
Furthermore, the feeding device comprises a sliding heat-insulation bottom plate and a volume feeding vacuum box which are arranged corresponding to the modeling lower die, and a feeding push-pull hydraulic cylinder is arranged corresponding to the volume feeding vacuum box and can push the volume feeding vacuum box to slide to the upper part of the modeling lower die along the sliding heat-insulation bottom plate.
Furthermore, the volume feeding vacuum box is made of double-layer 304 stainless steel materials, is in an internal and external vacuum state, and has a heat preservation function.
Furthermore, the middle part of the sliding heat-preservation bottom plate is a heat-insulation material plate, and the upper layer is a 304 stainless steel plate with the thickness of 6mm, so that heat dissipation of warm powder is prevented.
And the manipulator is arranged between the molding hydraulic machine and the high-temperature heating furnace, between the high-temperature heating furnace and the hot-pressing hydraulic machine and between the hot-pressing hydraulic machine and the annealing furnace, and a manipulator holder is arranged on the manipulator and used for holding the product.
Further, the high-temperature heating furnace is provided with a medium-frequency induction heating coil.
Furthermore, a material pushing reciprocating oil hydraulic cylinder is arranged corresponding to the high-temperature heating furnace and used for pushing the modeling blank block into the high-temperature heating furnace.
Further, the annealing furnace is provided with a muffle furnace tube.
Furthermore, the outside of the heat-insulating storage bin is coated with aluminum silicate heat-insulating cotton to prevent heat dissipation.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for hot pressing deep tubular machine parts using fine reduced iron powder, which can be implemented by the above apparatus, comprising the steps of:
s1, quantitatively metering reduced iron powder into a die cavity of a molding hydraulic press at 4.5-5 t/cm2Carrying out warm-pressing molding under the pressure intensity to obtain a molding blank block;
s2, carrying out atmosphere protection heating on the molding blank block obtained in the step S1 to 1140-1200 ℃;
s3, using a hot-pressing hydraulic machine at 1.2-2.2 t/cm2And (5) under the pressure, carrying out hot extrusion on the modeling blank block obtained in the step S2, and sintering and annealing the modeling blank block by an annealing furnace to obtain a deep tubular mechanical part product.
Further, in step S1, the density of the shaped blank block is 5.5-6.2 t/m by warm compaction3(ii) a In step S3, the density of the deep tubular mechanical part product is 7.4-7.8 t/m by hot extrusion3。
The low-pressure work is carried out on both the warm pressing and the hot extrusion, which is the key for ensuring the service life of the die and is one of the core technologies of the invention.
The cold pressing strength of powder metallurgy is generally 6 to 7t/cm2The service life of the die is tens of thousands of times or tens of thousands of times; the pressure of the warm pressure of the invention is generally 4.5-5 t/cm2The service life of the die is 10 ten thousand or 20 ten thousand, but the price of the die is 2 ten thousand yuan/set according to 10kg calculation of a product, and the loss of the die is only 10-20 yuan/t.
The impact pressure of the die forging method is 10t/cm2The service life of the die is generally 3000-4000 times, generally not more than ten thousand times, and the die consumption per ton product is 100-150 yuan/t.
The pressure intensity of the method for hot forging and pressing the elevator counterweight iron block by particle steel at one time is 8-10 t/cm2The service life of the die is 3000-4000 times, and the die consumption of a ton product is 500-600 yuan/t.
The pressure intensity of the hot extrusion of the invention is generally 1.2-2.2 t/cm2The service life of the die is more than 10 ten thousand times. Therefore, even if the invention is hot-pressed twice, the production cost of the die amortization is only 30 to40 yuan/t, the cost of the amortized die is very low.
The cold pressing pressure of the direct reduced iron powder is generally from 7t/cm2When the temperature and pressure are changed into the temperature and pressure, the temperature and pressure intensity can be reduced to 4.5t/cm2At the same time, the density of the product is generally less than 6.2t/m at the maximum from the cold-pressed density3The invention requires temperature and pressure, and the density of the product only needs to reach 5.5-6.2 t/m3The method only needs to meet the moderate strength requirement of the modeling block, and lays a foundation for higher density and higher strength of subsequent high-temperature hot extrusion parts; meanwhile, the cold pressing pressure is from 7t/cm2Reducing the temperature to 4.5-5 t/cm2The service life of the die is greatly prolonged, and the service life of the die can be prolonged by several times.
Further, the reduced iron powder is direct reduced iron powder, which is preheated to 620-680 ℃ and subjected to secondary reduction, decarburization and annealing.
The invention adopts iron-based Direct Reduced Iron (DRI) powder with high quality, porosity, softness and high compressibility as a main raw material, which is one of the core technologies of the invention.
The raw material mainly adopts high-quality iron-based reduced iron (DRI) with TFe 95-98%, eta Fe more than or equal to 95% and C less than or equal to 0.5%, and the high-quality iron-based reduced iron is ground into powder, the fineness requirement is preferably 60-200 meshes, the finer the iron-based reduced iron is, the easier the iron-based reduced iron is, and the source of the iron-based reduced iron is simple, easy and wide.
The metal powder or Direct Reduced Iron (DRI) powder requires stable chemical components and high purity (the total iron content of high-quality reduced iron powder reaches TFe 95-98%, eta Fe is more than or equal to 98.0%, and C is less than or equal to 0.5%), low impurity content, high compressibility and good formability; the reduced iron powder is fine and porous, has small loose density, is in an irregular sponge shape, has large specific surface area, is beneficial to pressing and extruding blanks, and has high sintering performance. Therefore, this patent requires the selection of high-quality iron-based reduced iron powder.
Grinding about 95-98% grade direct reduced iron to 60-200 meshes, adopting a muffle type external heating rotary kiln, firstly heating Direct Reduced Iron (DRI) powder to 620-680 ℃ in a muffle mode, introducing hydrogen while heating the DRI powder uniformly, carrying out secondary reduction and decarburization, and eliminating internal stress of the powder, so that the metal powder is soft and has high porosity. And then feeding by adopting a quantitative metering method or a volumetric feeding method.
The powder thermal annealing can eliminate internal stress. At 727 ℃, the pure metal powder begins to generate the transformation of metallographic structure, that is, the surface of the pure metal powder begins to have the tendency of generating liquid phase, and in short, the pure metal powder begins to be bonded. Since the common direct reduced iron powder contains C, Si, Mn, S, P and other gangue impurities, the temperature point of the surface of the common direct reduced iron powder at which liquid phase begins to occur is further reduced, so that when the common bulk direct reduced iron powder and the metal iron powder are heated, if the common bulk direct reduced iron powder and the metal iron powder are required to be ensured not to be agglomerated, the maximum heating temperature is not higher than about 680 ℃, and the heating time is about 30-50 min.
Therefore, the Direct Reduced Iron (DRI) powder with the grade TFe 95-98% and other metal iron powder are adopted, the fineness is 60-200 meshes, the finer the direct reduced iron powder is, the heating temperature can reach 680 ℃ at the highest, otherwise, the direct reduced iron powder and the metal iron powder are mutually bonded and agglomerated or bonded on a furnace wall and a ring, and the low-pressure high-temperature pressure molding is not facilitated.
The heat device adopts a flame-isolation type external heating rotary kiln, and can use the following application numbers: 2020220005314 [ a multifunctional combined rotary kiln ], or application number: 2020220005314 (a metal powder bidirectional rotary type muffle heating or secondary reduction device). Can be filled with pure H2Strong reducing gas, which can protect the reduced iron powder and prevent the oxidation phenomenon during the heating process, and can also make a small amount of Fe remained in the reduced iron powder3O4Continuation and H2Carrying out a re-reduction reaction to further increase the content of metallic iron; the content of C in the reduced iron is generally above 0.5%, and when the heating temperature exceeds 565.5 deg.C, H is added2For Fe in reduced iron powder3C, decarburization reaction can occur; when the metal powder with higher carbon content is at 500-550 ℃, the annealing is carried out, so that the internal stress of powder particles caused by the procedures of crushing, grinding and the like of the reduced iron block is eliminated, meanwhile, the crystal sphericity degree of the reduced iron powder is further optimized, the toughness and loose fluidity of the reduced iron powder are increased, and the stability and compactness of a metallographic structure after subsequent forging and pressing of a part product are naturally increased.
The device can completely replace a secondary reduction system and a secondary reduction device for powder metallurgy, the reduced secondary reduced iron is still powdery, secondary crushing and grinding are not needed, the phase structure of the device almost meets the requirement of a metallurgical powder pressing piece, the physical requirement on primary reduced iron powder is also reduced, and the sensible heat of the device can be utilized for direct warm-pressing molding.
Further, the annealing method in step S3 is preferably to place the hot-extruded product (at this time, sensible heat is about 1100 ℃) in an annealing furnace, sinter the product at 1150-1200 ℃ for 30-60 min, then freely cool the product to 900 ℃ or below, and continue for 1 hour or more to perform annealing treatment.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention adopts Direct Reduced Iron (DRI) powder as raw material, has high quality, porosity, softness, compression and sintering properties, and is beneficial to pressing.
2. The Direct Reduced Iron (DRI) powder of the present invention is annealed in a warm state to eliminate internal stress. Meanwhile, the crystal sphericity degree of the reduced iron powder is further optimized, the toughness and loose fluidity of the reduced iron powder are increased, and the stability and compactness of a metallographic structure after a subsequent forged part product is naturally increased. In addition, the reduced secondary reduced iron is still powdery, secondary crushing and grinding are not needed, the phase structure of the reduced secondary reduced iron almost meets the requirement of metallurgical powder pressing pieces, the physical requirement on the primary reduced iron powder is also reduced, and the sensible heat of the reduced secondary reduced iron can be utilized for direct warm-pressing molding.
3. The invention carries out warm-pressing molding at low pressure, has moderate density requirement, and improves the service life of the die by multiple times. In order to reduce the pressure and prolong the service life of the die, the device and the method are divided into two steps of warm-hot-pressing molding and high-temperature hot-extrusion molding. The density, the strength and the smoothness of a motor shell part product are met, the pressure intensity of the die is reduced in multiple processes, the service life of the die is prolonged by multiple times, and the die consumption is greatly reduced.
4. The motor casing component product is easily and freely taken out or put down through the tensioning core device, the problems of thin wall, complex appearance and easy deformation of deep tubular mechanical parts represented by the motor casing product are solved, and the product is ensured not to deform in the taking and putting process.
5. The invention reduces the operation cost. The invention reduces the die loss, and through calculation, the production cost of the die amortization is only 30-40 yuan/t even if the hot pressing is carried out for two times, and the cost of the amortized die is very low. Meanwhile, the invention is a method for preparing mechanical parts in a thermosetting state, a melting method is not needed for pouring, the production and operation cost is low, the machining amount of the blank of the mechanical part prepared by the invention is little or no machining is needed, the production cost of a single product is 30% -50% of that of the traditional casting method, the equipment investment is low, the production efficiency is high, the intelligent control is high, and therefore, the cost in the production and operation of the invention is very low, and the invention has strong vitality.
6. The invention can be widely applied to component products. The invention adopts the device and the method for preparing the mechanical parts by low-temperature thermal solid state extrusion, the mechanical part products processed by the thermal extrusion can be completely used for preparing deep tubular or columnar mechanical part blanks such as motor shells and the like, and the smoothness is very high and almost reaches the material of 45# steel, and the machining treatment is almost not needed; and the method can also be applied to the fields of other colored and non-metallic materials, and the application field is very wide.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an overall production line in an embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an apparatus for hot pressing a deep tubular mechanical part with reduced iron powder according to an embodiment;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a molding action 1 of the molding hydraulic machine in the embodiment;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of the middle M;
FIG. 5 is a partial schematic view of a molding action 2 of the molding hydraulic machine in an embodiment;
FIG. 6 is a partial schematic view of a molding action 3 of the molding hydraulic machine in an embodiment;
FIG. 7 is a partial schematic view of a molding action 4 of the molding hydraulic machine in an embodiment;
FIG. 8 is a partial schematic view of a molding action 5 of the molding hydraulic machine in an embodiment;
FIG. 9 is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along the line A-A in FIG. 8;
FIG. 10 is a partial schematic view of a molding action 6 of the molding hydraulic machine in an embodiment;
figure 11 is a schematic diagram of a robot in accordance with an embodiment;
FIG. 12 is a schematic structural view of a high-temperature heating furnace according to an embodiment;
FIG. 13 is a schematic view of a hot pressing operation 1 of a hot hydraulic press according to an embodiment;
FIG. 14 is a partial schematic view of a hot pressing action 2 of a hot hydraulic press according to an embodiment;
FIG. 15 is a partial schematic view of a hot pressing action 3 of a hot hydraulic press according to an embodiment;
FIG. 16 is a partial schematic view of a hot pressing action 4 of a hot hydraulic press according to an embodiment;
FIG. 17 is a partial schematic view of a hot pressing action 5 of a hot hydraulic press according to an embodiment;
FIG. 18 is a partial schematic view of a hot pressing action 6 of a hot hydraulic press according to an embodiment;
FIG. 19 is a partial schematic view of a hot pressing action 7 of a hot hydraulic press according to an embodiment;
FIG. 20 is a partial schematic view of a hot pressing action 8 of a hot hydraulic press according to an embodiment;
FIG. 21 is a partial schematic view of a hot pressing action 9 of a hot hydraulic press according to an embodiment;
FIG. 22 is a schematic structural view of the core tensioning mechanism before tensioning;
FIG. 23 is a schematic view of the cross-sectional structure along the direction B-B in FIG. 22;
FIG. 24 is a schematic structural view of the core tensioning mechanism after tensioning;
FIG. 25 is a schematic view of the cross-sectional structure of FIG. 24 taken along the direction C-C;
FIG. 26 is a schematic view of an annealing furnace;
in the figure: 1. a heat insulation storage bin; 2. warm reducing iron powder; 3. a molding hydraulic press; 4. an upper punch die A; 5. Molding a lower die; 6. molding a die sleeve; 7. a mold core A; 8. a lower die A; 9. a feeding push-pull hydraulic cylinder; 10. The volume feeding vacuum box can be pushed; 11. sliding the heat preservation bottom plate; 12. molding a blank block; 13. a manipulator; 14. a high temperature heating furnace; 15. hot-pressing hydraulic press; 16. an upper die B; 17. hot pressing the mold; 18. Hot-pressing a die sleeve; 19. a mold core B; 20. a lower die B; 21. a motor casing component article; 22. a hydraulic press mesh chain conveyor; 23. a core tensioning mechanism; 24. an annealing furnace; 25. an iron cage; 26. a bin system; 27. a dust removal and smoke exhaust system; 28. a middle mixing bin and a feeder; 29. a flame-insulated type warming system;
1-1, a feed opening; 1-2, a pneumatic valve plate; 1-3, a pneumatic valve cylinder;
3-1, upright A; 3-2, a second beam A of the hydraulic press; 3-3, a lower top cylinder A; 3-4, a third beam A of the hydraulic press; 3-5, a third beam reciprocating oil cylinder A; (ii) a
13-1, a manipulator clamp holder;
14-1, medium frequency induction heating coil; 14-2, pushing a material reciprocating oil hydraulic cylinder;
15-1 and a column B; 15-2, a second beam B of the hydraulic machine; 15-3, a lower jacking cylinder B; 15-4, a third beam B of the hydraulic press; 15-5, a third beam reciprocating oil cylinder B;
23-1, a telescopic oil cylinder; 23-2, a screw rod; 23-3, a motor base block; 23-4, a motor driving mechanism; 23-5, a driving gear; 23-6, sliding driven gear; 23-7, active sliding block; 23-8, passive slider; 23-9, arc tensioning plates; 23-10, an active support sheet; 23-11, passive support sheet; 23-12, a connecting shaft; 23-13 parts of a hydraulic oil cylinder mechanism; 23-14, a slip ring; 23-15, screw nut;
24-1, a muffle furnace tube;
Detailed Description
The principles and features of this invention are described below in conjunction with examples, which are set forth to illustrate, but are not to be construed to limit the scope of the invention.
Example 1
A device for hot extrusion of deep tubular mechanical parts by reduced iron powder comprises a heat insulation bin 1, a feeding device, a molding hydraulic machine 3, a high-temperature heating furnace 14, a hot-pressing hydraulic machine 15 and an annealing furnace 24 in sequence according to the process sequence as shown in figures 1-26;
the bottom end of the heat-insulating storage bin 1 is provided with a feed opening 1-1, a pneumatic valve plate 1-2 is arranged corresponding to the feed opening, and the pneumatic valve plate 1-2 is driven by a pneumatic valve cylinder 1-3.
The feeding device comprises a sliding heat-insulation bottom plate 11 and a volume feeding vacuum box 10 which are arranged corresponding to the modeling lower die 5, and a feeding push-pull hydraulic cylinder 9 is arranged corresponding to the volume feeding vacuum box 10 and can push the volume feeding vacuum box 10 to slide to the upper part of the modeling lower die along the sliding heat-insulation bottom plate 11.
The modeling hydraulic machine 3 and the hot-pressing hydraulic machine 15 respectively comprise four upright posts, an upper top cylinder fixed on the upper fixed beam, a second beam of the hydraulic machine which is fixedly connected with a pushing end at the lower end of the upper top cylinder and can move up and down relative to the upright posts by being pushed and pulled by the upper top cylinder, a lower top cylinder arranged at the bottom, a third beam of the hydraulic machine and a reciprocating oil cylinder of the third beam; the number of the third beam reciprocating oil cylinders is two, the third beam reciprocating oil cylinders are fixed on the lower fixed beam, and the ejector rods of the third beam reciprocating oil cylinders are connected with the third beam of the hydraulic press; the lower jacking cylinder is fixed at the bottom of the hydraulic press;
the lower end of the second beam of the hydraulic press is fixedly connected with an upper punch die;
the upper end of the lower fixed beam is vertically fixed with a cylindrical lower die, and a third beam of the hydraulic press is provided with a through hole which can be penetrated by the lower die; the lower jacking cylinder is fixedly arranged at the bottom of the hydraulic press, and a jacking rod of the lower jacking cylinder penetrates through the lower fixing beam and the inner cavity of the lower die; the top of the ejector rod of the lower ejection cylinder is fixedly connected with the mold core;
a modeling die sleeve 6 is fixedly arranged at the upper end of a third beam of the hydraulic machine of the modeling hydraulic machine 3, and a modeling lower die 5 is arranged in the modeling die sleeve 6 corresponding to the lower die;
the upper end of the third beam of the hydraulic press of the hot-pressing hydraulic press 15 is fixedly provided with a hot-pressing die sleeve 18, and a hot-pressing die 17 is arranged in the hot-pressing die sleeve 18 corresponding to the lower die.
The high-temperature heating furnace 14 is provided with a medium-frequency induction heating coil 14-1; a material pushing reciprocating oil hydraulic cylinder 14-2 is arranged corresponding to the high temperature heating furnace 14 and is used for pushing the molding blank block 12 into the high temperature heating furnace 14.
The annealing furnace 24 is provided with a muffle furnace tube 24-1.
The device also comprises a tensioning core mechanism 23; the tensioning core mechanism 23 comprises a hydraulic oil cylinder system, the hydraulic oil cylinder system comprises a hydraulic oil cylinder mechanism 23-13, the hydraulic oil cylinder mechanism 23-13 is connected with a telescopic oil cylinder 23-1, and the pushing end of the telescopic oil cylinder 23-1 is fixedly connected with a screw rod 23-2; a push rod of the telescopic oil cylinder 23-1 is fixedly connected with a motor base block 23-3, and a motor driving mechanism 23-4 is fixedly arranged on the motor base block 23-3; an output shaft of the motor driving mechanism 23-4 is fixedly sleeved with a driving gear 23-5, a screw thread part of the screw 23-2 is sleeved with a screw nut 23-15 matched with the screw nut, a sliding driven gear 23-6 matched with the screw nut 23-15 is sleeved outside the screw nut 23-15, and the sliding driven gear is meshed with the driving gear 23-5; one end of the screw rod 23-2, which is far away from the telescopic oil cylinder 23-1, is sleeved with a driving sliding block 23-7 which can move along the extension direction of the screw rod; the tail end of the screw rod 23-2, which is far away from the telescopic oil cylinder 23-1, is connected with a connecting shaft 23-12 through a bearing, and a driven sliding block 23-8 which can move along the connecting shaft is sleeved on the connecting shaft;
the tensioning core mechanism 23 further comprises a plurality of arc tensioning plates 23-9 which are enclosed into a cylinder shape and enclose the driven sliding blocks 23-8, one end of each arc tensioning plate 23-9, which is close to the driving sliding block 23-7, is hinged to one end of each driving supporting sheet 23-10, and the other end of each driving supporting sheet 23-10 is hinged to the driving sliding block 23-7; the arc tensioning plate 23-8 is hinged with one end of the passive support sheet 23-11, and the other end of the passive support sheet 23-11 is hinged with the passive sliding block 23-8;
one end of the hydraulic oil cylinder mechanism 23-13 far away from the screw rod 23-2 is provided with a sliding ring 23-14.
The device also comprises manipulators 13 which are arranged between the molding hydraulic press 3 and the high-temperature heating furnace 14, between the high-temperature heating furnace 14 and the hot-pressing hydraulic press 15 and between the hot-pressing hydraulic press 15 and the annealing furnace 24, and the manipulators are provided with manipulator holders 13-1.
The motor casing component product was prepared using the above described apparatus. The reduced iron powder sequentially passes through a stock bin system 26, a dust removal and smoke discharge system 27, an intermediate mixing bin and feeder 28 and a muffle type heating system 29, and then the target product is manufactured.
The method comprises the steps of loading 8.2kg of TFe95.82%, eta Fe98.15%, C0.48% and reduced iron powder with the fineness of 120-200 meshes into a muffle type rotary kiln with the diameter phi of 219mm multiplied by 2m, introducing pure hydrogen into one end of the rotary kiln, carrying out muffle type heating to 630 ℃ by a silicon-carbon rod for 40min, stopping the furnace, and storing the heated reduced iron powder into a heat preservation bin 1.
The warm-pressing molding process is shown in fig. 3-10. Baking the inner cavity of the lower molding die 5 to 400-500 ℃ by adopting a gas cutting gun in advance; the warm reduced iron powder falls from a feed opening 1-1 of the heat insulation bin 1, enters a volume-pushing feeding vacuum box 10, and is pushed by a feeding push-pull hydraulic cylinder 9 to move to the upper part of a molding lower die 5 along a sliding heat insulation bottom plate to finish feeding (at the moment, a die core A7 is positioned in the molding lower die 5); an upper jacking cylinder of the molding hydraulic machine 3 pushes a second beam A3-2 of the hydraulic machine to enable the second beam to descend relative to an upper punch die A4 below the upright post A3-2 for warm pressing, and the pressure is kept at 4.5t/cm2Then, the upper punch die A4 moves upwards, the lower jacking cylinder A3-3 pulls the die core A7 to move downwards, and the third beam reciprocating oil cylinder A3-5 pulls the third beam A3-4 of the hydraulic press and drives the lower modeling die 5 and the modeling die sleeve 5 to move downwards; the lower die A8 is fixed and relatively supports a molding blank block 12.
The molding blank block 12 is placed in a medium frequency induction heating coil 14-1 by using a manipulator holder 13-1 of a manipulator 13, and is further heated to 1150 ℃ under the protection of atmosphere.
The high temperature hot extrusion process is shown in fig. 12-21. Placing the molding blank block 12 with the temperature of 1150 ℃ between a hot-pressing lower die 17 and a die core B19 of a hot-pressing hydraulic machine 15, driving an upper die B16 to descend to a set position by a second beam B15-2 of the hydraulic machine along an upright post B15-1, and keeping the pressure at 2.2t/cm2Then ascending; the telescopic oil cylinder 23-1 of the tensioning core mechanism 23 drives the tensioning core mechanism 23 to move downwards, the motor driving mechanism 23-4 enables the sliding driven gear 23-6 to drive the screw rod nut 23-15 to rotate through the driving gear 23-5, the screw rod nut 23-15 pushes the driving sliding block 23-7 to move forwards together for 5-15 mm, and therefore the driving support is enabled to move forwardsThe angle of the sheet 23-10 is changed, and the sheet is based on the driven sliding block 23-8, so that the arc tensioning plate 23-9 is outwards tensioned by 3-5 mm, the inner hole wall of the motor shell part product 21 is supported, and the inner hole of the motor shell part product 21 is tightly contacted with the arc tensioning plate 23-9 without loosening; then, a lower top cylinder B15-3 pulls a mold core B19 to descend, a third beam reciprocating oil cylinder B15-5 drives a third beam B15-4 of the hydraulic press, a hot-pressing mold sleeve 18 and a hot-pressing lower mold 17 to descend, and the lower top cylinder B15-3 and a lower mold B20 are fixed and relatively support out a motor casing part product 21; placing the core tightening mechanism 23 and the motor shell component product 21 over a hydraulic machine mesh chain conveyor 22, and enabling the motor driving mechanism 23-4 to drive through a gear, so that the lead screw nut 23-15 moves backwards on the lead screw 23-2 and moves backwards by 5-15 mm together with the driving sliding block 23-7; meanwhile, the active support sheet 23-10 and the passive support sheet 23-11 are driven to enable the arc tensioning plate to be compressed inwards by 3-5 mm, and the tensioning core mechanism 23 is loosened. Falls intact on the hydraulic press mesh chain conveyor 22.
The motor shell part product 21 is placed in a muffle furnace tube 24-1 of an annealing furnace 24 by adopting a manipulator clamp 13-1 of a manipulator 13, and after sintering at 1200 ℃ for 40min, the motor shell part product 21 is loaded into an iron cage 25, and is freely and slowly cooled to below 900 ℃ for more than 1h for annealing treatment.
After the motor casing component product 21 is cooled, detection is carried out: the density of the alloy is 7.74t/m3The tensile strength was 62 MPa.
Example 2
The differences from example 1 are as follows:
the method comprises the steps of loading 8.3kg of TFe96.22%, eta Fe97.96%, C0.51% and reduced iron powder with fineness of 120-200 meshes into a muffle type rotary kiln with diameter phi of 219mm multiplied by 2m, introducing pure hydrogen into one end of the rotary kiln with the flow rate of 2.5ml/min, carrying out muffle type heating to 638 ℃ by using a silicon-carbon rod, stopping the furnace after the heating time is 40min, and storing the heated reduced iron powder into a heat insulation bin 1.
In the warm-hot pressing molding process, the pressure of the warm-hot pressing is kept at 4.4t/cm2。
The piece of molding material 12 is heated to 1160 c in the medium frequency induction heating coil 14-1.
High temperature hot extrusion moldingThe pressure of hot extrusion was maintained at 1.8t/cm during the process2。
In the annealing process, after sintering at 1200 ℃ for 45min, the motor shell part product 21 is put into an iron cage 25, and is freely and slowly cooled to below 850 ℃ for more than 1h for annealing treatment.
After the motor casing component product 21 is cooled, detection is carried out: the density of the alloy is 7.67t/m3The tensile strength was 59.8 MPa.
Example 3
The differences from example 1 are as follows:
the method comprises the steps of loading 8.25kg of TFe97.16%, eta Fe98.35%, C0.52% and reduced iron powder with the fineness of 120-200 meshes into a flame-isolated rotary kiln with the diameter phi of 219mm multiplied by 2m, introducing pure hydrogen into one end of the rotary kiln with the flow rate of 2.2ml/min, performing flame-isolated heating to 650 ℃ by using a silicon-carbon rod, stopping the furnace after the heating time is 35min, and storing the heated reduced iron powder into a heat-insulating storage bin 1.
In the warm-hot pressing molding process, the pressure of the warm-hot pressing is kept at 4.5t/cm2。
The piece of molding material 12 is heated to 1140 c in the medium frequency induction heating coil 14-1.
The pressure of hot extrusion is kept at 2.0t/cm during the high-temperature hot extrusion molding process2。
In the annealing process, after sintering at 1170 ℃ for 40min, the motor casing component product 21 is put into an iron cage 25, and is freely and slowly cooled to below 900 ℃ for more than 1h for annealing treatment.
After the motor casing component product 21 is cooled, detection is carried out: the density of the alloy is 7.69t/m3The tensile strength was 60.4 MPa.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (10)
1. A device for hot extrusion of deep tubular mechanical parts by reduced iron powder is characterized by sequentially comprising a heat insulation bin (1), a feeding device, a molding hydraulic machine (3), a high-temperature heating furnace (14), a hot-pressing hydraulic machine (15) and an annealing furnace (24) according to a process sequence;
the molding hydraulic machine (3) and the hot-pressing hydraulic machine (15) respectively comprise four upright posts, an upper top cylinder fixed on the upper fixed beam, a second beam of the hydraulic machine, a lower top cylinder, a third beam of the hydraulic machine and a reciprocating oil cylinder of the third beam, wherein the second beam of the hydraulic machine, the lower top cylinder, the third beam of the hydraulic machine and the reciprocating oil cylinder of the third beam are fixedly connected to the lower end of the upper top cylinder and can move up and down; the number of the third beam reciprocating oil cylinders is two, the third beam reciprocating oil cylinders are fixed on the lower fixed beam, and the ejector rods of the third beam reciprocating oil cylinders are connected with the third beam of the hydraulic press;
the lower end of the second beam of the hydraulic press is fixedly connected with an upper punch die;
the upper end of the lower fixed beam is vertically fixed with a cylindrical lower die, and a third beam of the hydraulic press is provided with a through hole which can be penetrated by the lower die; the lower jacking cylinder is fixedly arranged at the bottom of the hydraulic press, and a jacking rod of the lower jacking cylinder penetrates through the lower fixing beam and the inner cavity of the lower die; the top of the ejector rod of the lower ejection cylinder is fixedly connected with the mold core;
a modeling die sleeve (6) is fixedly arranged at the upper end of a third beam of the hydraulic machine of the modeling hydraulic machine (3), and a modeling lower die (5) is arranged in the modeling die sleeve (6) corresponding to the lower die;
the upper end of a third beam of the hydraulic press of the hot-pressing hydraulic press (15) is fixedly provided with a hot-pressing die sleeve (18), and a hot-pressing die (17) is arranged in the hot-pressing die sleeve (18) corresponding to the lower die.
2. The device according to claim 1, further comprising a tension core mechanism (23);
the tensioning core mechanism (23) comprises a hydraulic oil cylinder system, the hydraulic oil cylinder system comprises a hydraulic oil cylinder mechanism (23-13), the hydraulic oil cylinder mechanism (23-13) is connected with a telescopic oil cylinder (23-1), and the pushing end of the telescopic oil cylinder (23-1) is fixedly connected with a screw rod (23-2); a push rod of the telescopic oil cylinder (23-1) is fixedly connected with a motor base block (23-3), and a motor driving mechanism (23-4) is fixedly arranged on the motor base block (23-3); an output shaft of the motor driving mechanism (23-4) is fixedly sleeved with a driving gear (23-5), a screw thread part of the screw rod (23-2) is sleeved with a screw rod nut (23-15) matched with the screw rod nut, a sliding driven gear (23-6) matched with the screw rod nut (23-15) is sleeved outside the screw rod nut (23-15), and the sliding driven gear (23-6) is meshed with the driving gear (23-5); one end of the screw rod (23-2) far away from the telescopic oil cylinder (23-1) is sleeved with a driving sliding block (23-7) capable of moving along the extension direction of the screw rod;
the tail end of the screw rod (23-2) far away from the telescopic oil cylinder (23-1) is connected with a connecting shaft (23-12) through a bearing, and a driven sliding block (23-8) capable of moving along the connecting shaft is sleeved on the connecting shaft;
the tensioning core mechanism (23) further comprises a plurality of arc tensioning plates (23-9) which are enclosed into a cylinder shape and enclose the passive sliding blocks (23-8) in the cylinder shape, one end of each arc tensioning plate (23-9) close to the corresponding active sliding block (23-7) is hinged to one end of each active supporting sheet (23-10), and the other end of each active supporting sheet (23-10) is hinged to the corresponding active sliding block (23-7); the arc tensioning plates (23-8) are hinged with one ends of the passive support sheets (23-11), and the other ends of the passive support sheets (23-11) are hinged with the passive sliding blocks (23-8).
3. The device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the bottom end of the thermal insulation silo (1) is provided with a feed opening (1-1), a pneumatic valve plate (1-2) is arranged corresponding to the feed opening, and the pneumatic valve plate (1-2) is driven by a pneumatic valve cylinder (1-3).
4. The apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that said feeding means comprise a sliding thermal base (11) and a volumetric feeding vacuum box (10) arranged in correspondence of said lower moulding die (5), said feeding push-pull hydraulic cylinder (9) being arranged in correspondence of said volumetric feeding vacuum box (10) to push the volumetric feeding vacuum box (10) to slide along the sliding thermal base (11) above the lower moulding die.
5. The apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising a manipulator (13) disposed between the molding hydraulic press (3) and the high temperature heating furnace (14), between the high temperature heating furnace (14) and the hot pressing hydraulic press (15), and between the hot pressing hydraulic press (15) and the annealing furnace (24), the manipulator being provided with a manipulator holder (13-1).
6. The apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein said high temperature heating furnace (14) is provided with a medium frequency induction heating coil (14-1).
7. The apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the annealing furnace (24) is provided with muffle tubes (24-1).
8. A method for hot pressing of deep tubular mechanical parts by reduced iron powder, which is realized by using the device of any one of claims 1 to 7, is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, quantitatively metering reduced iron powder into a die cavity of a molding hydraulic press at 4.5-5 t/cm2Carrying out warm-pressing molding under the pressure intensity to obtain a molding blank block;
s2, carrying out atmosphere protection heating on the molding blank block obtained in the step S1 to 1140-1200 ℃;
s3, using a hot-pressing hydraulic machine at 1.2-2.2 t/cm2And (5) under the pressure, carrying out hot extrusion on the modeling blank block obtained in the step S2, and sintering and annealing the modeling blank block by an annealing furnace to obtain a deep tubular mechanical part product.
9. The method as claimed in claim 8, wherein the warm compaction is performed to achieve a density of 5.5 to 6.2t/m for the shaped slab in step S13(ii) a In step S3, the density of the deep tubular mechanical part product is 7.4-7.8 t/m by hot extrusion3。
10. The method according to claim 8 or 9, wherein the reduced iron powder is a direct reduced iron powder, which is preheated to 620 to 680 ℃ in advance, and subjected to secondary reduction, decarburization and annealing.
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