CN112413909A - Photovoltaic photo-thermal module separated small Fresnel concentrating collector - Google Patents
Photovoltaic photo-thermal module separated small Fresnel concentrating collector Download PDFInfo
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- CN112413909A CN112413909A CN202011331954.2A CN202011331954A CN112413909A CN 112413909 A CN112413909 A CN 112413909A CN 202011331954 A CN202011331954 A CN 202011331954A CN 112413909 A CN112413909 A CN 112413909A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
- F24S23/30—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with lenses
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S10/00—Solar heat collectors using working fluids
- F24S10/70—Solar heat collectors using working fluids the working fluids being conveyed through tubular absorbing conduits
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
- H02S40/20—Optical components
- H02S40/22—Light-reflecting or light-concentrating means
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
- Y02B10/10—Photovoltaic [PV]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
- Y02B10/20—Solar thermal
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
- Y02E10/44—Heat exchange systems
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/52—PV systems with concentrators
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P80/00—Climate change mitigation technologies for sector-wide applications
- Y02P80/20—Climate change mitigation technologies for sector-wide applications using renewable energy
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种光伏光热模块分离式小型菲涅尔聚光集热器，包括聚光集热单元体(A)、太阳光线跟踪装置(B)、框架结构(C)、流体工质总进口管(6)和流体工质总出口管(7)，所述的集热器由6～12个聚光集热单元体(A)等间距并联组成，集热管(2)的轴线置于线性菲涅尔透镜(1)的焦线处，光伏电池板(3)置于集热管(2)下方，通过梯形端部(5)连接；太阳光线跟踪装置(B)中的减速电机(8)置于工质总进口管(6)与轴承座(11)之间，固定于金属底板(12)上，锥齿轮(9)安装于梯形端部，传动连杆(10)与聚光集热单元体(A)的梯形端部(5)相连；框架结构(C)中隔热层(14)置于聚光集热单元体(A)与轴承座(11)之间。本发明整体结构简单，高度较小，可广泛应用于建筑或厂房屋顶等场合，同时提供电能和高品位热能。
The invention discloses a small Fresnel light concentrating heat collector with a photovoltaic photothermal module separation type, comprising a light concentrating heat collecting unit body (A), a solar ray tracing device (B), a frame structure (C), and a fluid working medium The main inlet pipe (6) and the main outlet pipe (7) of the fluid working medium, the heat collector is composed of 6 to 12 light-concentrating and heat-collecting unit bodies (A) in parallel at equal intervals, and the axis of the heat-collecting pipe (2) is arranged in parallel. At the focal line of the linear Fresnel lens (1), the photovoltaic cell panel (3) is placed under the collector tube (2) and connected by the trapezoidal end (5); the geared motor ( 8) It is placed between the main working fluid inlet pipe (6) and the bearing seat (11), and is fixed on the metal base plate (12). The trapezoidal ends (5) of the heat collecting unit body (A) are connected; in the frame structure (C), the heat insulating layer (14) is placed between the light collecting heat collecting unit body (A) and the bearing seat (11). The overall structure of the invention is simple and the height is small, and can be widely used in occasions such as buildings or factory roofs, while providing electric energy and high-grade heat energy.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of solar comprehensive utilization, in particular to a solar light-gathering and frequency-dividing photovoltaic and photo-thermal integrated utilization technology.
Background
Solar energy is the most abundant and widely distributed renewable energy source, the development and utilization prospect of the solar energy is wide, and particularly, the solar energy utilization technology is greatly developed in recent years. The solar energy concentrating collector is a device which concentrates solar rays through the refraction or reflection action of a concentrating element to improve the irradiation intensity by multiple times or more so as to obtain medium-high temperature heat energy. In recent years, in order to obtain higher comprehensive utilization rate of solar energy and develop wider application market, the technical personnel in the field have gradually researched the small photovoltaic and photothermal integrated light-gathering heat collector which can be combined with a common building. However, the problems that the solar photovoltaic and photo-thermal integrated concentrating collector has a complex structure, the comprehensive utilization efficiency of solar energy is low, the solar photovoltaic and photo-thermal integrated concentrating collector is not easy to be effectively combined with a common building and the like are still some technical problems to be solved in the field at present. Two Chinese invention patents with application numbers of CN201810966767.8 and CN201710655928.7 respectively disclose a Fresnel type solar heat collector combined with a Compound Parabolic Concentrator (CPC), but the Fresnel type solar heat collector cannot meet the requirement of using electric energy and high-grade heat energy of a common building at the same time; chinese patent application nos. CN201911307584.6, CN201810907764.7, CN201810308002.5, CN201610120700.3 and CN201510590542.3 disclose various solar photovoltaic and photothermal integrated coupling devices, but the structures of the coupling devices are too large or complex to be effectively combined with a common building, or a cooling channel is laid on the back of a solar photovoltaic cell panel to collect the photoelectric conversion waste heat so as to achieve the purpose of photothermal utilization. Generally, a solar photovoltaic and photo-thermal integrated system which is simple in structure, small in height and easy to effectively combine with a common building is rarely reported.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a Fresnel type photovoltaic and photo-thermal integrated concentrating collector, which effectively solves the problems of complex structure, low comprehensive utilization efficiency of solar energy, high-temperature reduction of photovoltaic conversion efficiency of a photovoltaic cell panel, difficult effective combination with a common building and the like of the solar concentrating collector through a simple structure of separated arrangement of photovoltaic and photo-thermal modules and an operation mode of automatically tracking and concentrating solar rays.
The invention achieves the above purpose through the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides a small-size fei nieer spotlight heat collector of photovoltaic light and heat module disconnect-type, includes spotlight thermal-arrest cell cube A, sun ray tracking device B, frame construction C, fluid working medium total inlet pipe 6 and fluid working medium total outlet pipe 7, its characterized in that: the heat collector is formed by connecting 6-12 light-gathering and heat-collecting unit bodies A in parallel at equal intervals, each light-gathering and heat-collecting unit body A comprises a linear Fresnel lens 1, a heat-collecting tube 2, a photovoltaic cell panel 3, a heat-collecting frequency-dividing working medium 4 and a trapezoidal end part 5, wherein the axis of the heat-collecting tube 2 is arranged at the focal line of the linear Fresnel lens 1, the photovoltaic cell panel 3 is arranged right below the heat-collecting tube 2 and is connected with the linear Fresnel lens 1 through the trapezoidal end parts 5 at two ends, the heat-collecting tube 2 is filled with the heat-collecting frequency-dividing working medium 4, the trapezoidal end part 5 is provided with a hole so that two ends of the heat-collecting tube 2 can penetrate through the hole, and the inlet and the; the solar ray tracking device B is composed of a speed reducing motor 8, a bevel gear 9, a transmission connecting rod 10 and a bearing seat 11, wherein the speed reducing motor 8 is arranged between a working medium main inlet pipe 6 and the bearing seat 11 and is fixed on a metal bottom plate 12 through bolts, the bevel gear 9 is installed at the trapezoidal end part of a middle light-gathering and heat-collecting unit body, and the transmission connecting rod 10 is connected with the trapezoidal end part 5 of the light-gathering and heat-collecting unit body A so as to synchronize the torque and the movement input by the speed reducing motor 8 driving the bevel gear 9; the frame structure C comprises a metal bottom plate 12, peripheral side plates 13, a heat insulating layer 14 and a glass cover plate 15, wherein the heat insulating layer 14 is arranged between the light and heat collecting unit body A and a bearing seat 11, the bearing seat 11 is fixed on the metal bottom plate 12 through bolts, and the glass cover plate 15 is arranged on the uppermost side of the heat collector.
The width range of the linear Fresnel lens 1 of the light-gathering and heat-collecting unit body (A) is 60-150 mm, if the width range is too small, the light-gathering ratio cannot meet the use requirement, medium-high temperature heat energy is difficult to obtain, and if the width range is too large, the integral height of the heat collector is large, so that the design target of effectively combining with a common building cannot be met, the length range is 400-1200 mm, and a high-light-transmittance PMMA lens with the optical efficiency not lower than 92% is preferably selected; the inner diameter range of the heat collecting tube 2 is 8-12 mm, if the inner diameter range is too small, larger flow resistance is easily caused, and if the inner diameter range is too large, the light condensing ratio is too small, so that the design target of obtaining medium-high temperature heat energy cannot be achieved, the wall thickness range is 1-2 mm, the outer diameter range is 16-20 mm, the length range is 400-1200 mm, and a double-layer vacuum glass tube is adopted; the width range of the photovoltaic cell panel 3 is 10-80 mm, the length range is 400-1200 mm, and a monocrystalline silicon cell is adopted; the heat collection frequency division working medium 4 adopts nanofluid with frequency division absorption characteristic and high-efficiency heat transfer characteristic, and more preferably 15nm water-based SiO with volume fraction of 0.1%2A nanofluid ladder; the shape end part 5 is used for connecting the linear Fresnel lens 1, the heat collecting pipe 2 and the photovoltaic cell panel 3, and the upper edge of the shape end part is l as wide as the linear Fresnel lens 11The lower side of the solar cell panel is equal to the width of the photovoltaic cell panel 3 by l2An isosceles trapezoid-shaped aluminum plate with the thickness ranging from 2mm to 5mm is adopted, the position of the aluminum plate close to the lower side is provided with a hole so that the heat collecting tube 2 can pass through the hole, and the center of the hole is h away from the upper side of the trapezoid-shaped end part 51H from the lower edge of the trapezoidal end portion 52The geometric relationship thereof satisfies l1/h1＝l2/h2Simultaneously, trapezoidal tip 5 also need the trompil in order to install drive connecting rod 10 in the position that is close to the top, and the hole center is 5 ~ 10mm apart from the top of trapezoidal tip 5.
The two sides of the light-gathering and heat-collecting unit body A are not provided with a baffle plate, the baffle plates are sequentially arranged on the bearing seats 11 through the trapezoidal end parts 5 at the two ends, and every two baffle plates are spaced at intervals of 60-150 mm.
The speed reducing motor 8, the bevel gear 9 and the bearing seat 11 of the solar ray tracking device B are all arranged outside the light and heat collecting unit body A, and are isolated from the light and heat collecting unit body A by the heat insulating layer 14, so that the adverse effect of high temperature condensation is prevented; the speed reducing motor 8 is sleeved with a high-precision large-speed-reduction-ratio stepping motor, the bevel gear 9 is a high-precision low-speed transmission gear, the transmission connecting rod 10 is connected with the trapezoidal end 5 of each light and heat collecting unit body A through a bolt type roller bearing, and the bearing seat 11 is a high-precision alloy bearing seat. The solar ray tracking device B can make the solar ray incident on the linear fresnel lens 1 at an incident angle within 1 ° so as to reduce cosine loss of the incident ray as much as possible. Preferably, the bevel gear 9 is a 90-degree transmission bevel gear which is made of 45-grade steel and is provided with 1 die 15 teeth and 60 teeth.
The frame structure C comprises a metal base plate 12, peripheral side plates 13, a heat insulation layer 14 and a glass cover plate 15, wherein the metal base plate 12 is made of a high-strength aluminum plate with the thickness ranging from 3mm to 5mm, the peripheral side plates 13 are made of light aluminum plates with the thickness ranging from 0.5 mm to 2mm, and the heat insulation layer 14 is made of a heat insulation cotton material with the thickness ranging from 5mm to 10 mm. The glass cover plate 15 of the frame structure C is used for protecting the light-gathering element and reducing the heat loss of the heat collector, and in order to keep higher optical efficiency, the glass cover plate 15 is made of ultra-white glass with the light transmittance not lower than 95%.
The light-gathering and heat-collecting unit body A is of a structure with photovoltaic/photo-thermal modules arranged in a separated mode, when solar rays are incident to the photovoltaic cell panel 3, most infrared light and part of visible light energy are absorbed by the heat-collecting frequency-dividing working medium 4, the problem that the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic cell panel 3 is reduced due to overhigh temperature can be effectively solved, only the linear Fresnel lens 1 and the photovoltaic cell panel 3 rotate around the axis of the heat collecting tube 2 when the solar rays are tracked, the heat collecting tube 2 is fixed and fixed, the whole structure is simple, the height is small, effective combination with a common building is easy to achieve, the solar-gathering and heat-collecting unit body A can be widely applied to occasions such as buildings or plant roofs, and.
Has the advantages that:
the photovoltaic thermal module is structurally arranged in a separated mode, when solar rays are incident to the photovoltaic cell panel, most of infrared light and part of visible light energy are absorbed by the heat collection frequency division working medium, and the problem that the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic cell panel is reduced due to overhigh temperature can be effectively solved; the tracking type condensation of the sunlight is realized by the sunlight tracking device, and because the axis of the heat collecting tube is arranged on the focal line of the linear Fresnel lens, only the linear Fresnel lens and the photovoltaic cell panel rotate around the axis of the heat collecting tube when the sunlight is tracked, and the heat collecting tube is fixed, the transmission mode is stable, the precision is high, the structure is simple, the sunlight can be incident on the linear Fresnel lens at an incident angle within 1 degree, and the cosine loss of the incident light is reduced as much as possible. The invention effectively solves the problems that the solar concentrating collector has a complex structure, the comprehensive utilization efficiency of solar energy is low, the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic cell panel is reduced at high temperature, and the solar concentrating collector is not easy to be effectively combined with a common building. In addition, all the parts of the invention adopt a detachable connection mode, thereby reducing the cost and difficulty of installation, maintenance, part replacement and the like, being convenient for reasonably controlling the comprehensive trial-production cost and having certain popularization advantage.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of a photovoltaic and photothermal module separated small fresnel concentrating collector of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic front view of the separated small Fresnel concentrating collector of the photovoltaic and photothermal module of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic top view of the photovoltaic and photothermal module separated type small Fresnel concentrating collector of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the overall structure of a light and heat collecting unit body (A) according to the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the solar ray tracing apparatus (B) of the present invention;
wherein: 1-a linear fresnel lens; 2, heat collecting pipes; 3-a photovoltaic cell panel; 4-heat collection frequency division working medium; 5-trapezoidal end; 6-fluid working medium main inlet pipe; 7-fluid working medium main outlet pipe; 8, a speed reducing motor; 9-bevel gear; 10-a transmission connecting rod; 11-a bearing seat; 12-a metal base plate; 13-side plates around; 14-a thermal insulation layer; 15-glass cover plate.
Detailed Description
The photovoltaic thermal module is structurally arranged in a separated mode, when solar rays are incident to the photovoltaic cell panel 3, most of infrared light and part of visible light energy are absorbed by the heat collection frequency division working medium 4, and the problem that the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic cell panel 3 is reduced due to overhigh temperature can be effectively solved; the tracking type condensation of the sunlight is realized by the sunlight tracking device B, and because the axis of the heat collecting tube 2 is arranged on the focal line of the linear Fresnel lens 1, only the linear Fresnel lens 1 and the photovoltaic cell panel 3 rotate around the axis of the heat collecting tube 2 when the sunlight is tracked, and the heat collecting tube 2 is fixed, the transmission mode is stable, the precision is high, the structure is simple, the sunlight can be enabled to keep an incident angle within 1 degree to be incident on the linear Fresnel lens 1, and the cosine loss of the incident light is reduced as much as possible. The invention effectively solves the problems that the solar concentrating collector has a complex structure, the comprehensive utilization efficiency of solar energy is low, the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic cell panel is reduced at high temperature, and the solar concentrating collector is not easy to be effectively combined with a common building. Some core embodiments of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings, and the following description does not refer to all embodiments.
Example 1:
referring to FIGS. 1-5: FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the overall structure of a photovoltaic photo-thermal module separated small Fresnel concentrating collector of the invention, which comprises a concentrating heat collecting unit body A, a solar ray tracking device B, a frame structure C, a fluid working medium main inlet pipe 6 and a fluid working medium main outlet pipe 7, and considering the factors of structural stability and tracking precision control requirements, the collector generally comprises 6-12 concentrating heat collecting unit bodies A which are connected in parallel at equal intervals, the concentrating heat collecting unit body A comprises a linear Fresnel lens 1, a heat collecting pipe 2, a photovoltaic cell panel 3, a heat collecting frequency division working medium 4 and a trapezoidal end part 5, and adopts a structure of photovoltaic/photo-thermal module separated arrangement, namely, the axis of the heat collecting pipe 2 is arranged at the focal line of the linear Fresnel lens 1, the photovoltaic cell panel 3 is arranged under the heat collecting pipe 2, and the three parts are connected through the trapezoidal end parts 5 at the, the heat collecting tube 2 is filled with a nanofluid which has a frequency division absorption characteristic and a high-efficiency heat transfer characteristic to a solar spectrum and is used as a heat collecting frequency division working medium 4, the nanofluid absorbs most of infrared light and part of visible light to generate a photothermal effect, most of visible light and part of infrared light penetrating through the heat collecting tube 2 reach the photovoltaic cell panel 3 to generate a photovoltaic effect, the middle part of the trapezoidal end part 5 is provided with a hole to enable two ends of the heat collecting tube 2 to penetrate through, and an inlet and an outlet of the heat collecting tube 2 are respectively connected with a fluid working medium main inlet tube 6 and a fluid working medium main outlet; the solar ray tracking device B is composed of a speed reducing motor 8, a bevel gear 9, a transmission connecting rod 10 and a bearing seat 11, wherein the speed reducing motor 8 is arranged between a working medium main inlet pipe 6 and the bearing seat 11 and is fixed on a metal bottom plate 12 through bolts, the bevel gear 9 is installed at the trapezoidal end part of a middle light-gathering and heat-collecting unit body (if the number of the unit bodies is even, any one of the trapezoidal end parts of the two unit bodies in the middle can be installed), the transmission connecting rod 10 is connected with the trapezoidal end part 5 of the light-gathering and heat-collecting unit body A through a bolt type roller bearing so as to synchronize the speed reducing motor 8 to drive the torque and the motion input by the bevel gear 9, the solar rays can be incident on the linear Fresnel lens 1 at an incident angle within 1 degree, and the cosine; the frame structure C comprises a metal bottom plate 12, peripheral side plates 13, a heat insulating layer 14 and a glass cover plate 15, wherein the heat insulating layer 14 is arranged between the light and heat collecting unit body A and a bearing seat 11, the bearing seat 11 is fixed on the metal bottom plate 12 through bolts, and the glass cover plate 15 is arranged on the uppermost side of the heat collector.
Specifically, the glass cover plate 15 on the uppermost side of the photovoltaic photo-thermal module separated small Fresnel concentrating collector provided by the invention is made of ultra-white glass with the light transmittance of not less than 95%, and the interface reflection and absorption performance of the ultra-white glass to solar rays are not obvious, so that the linear Fresnel lens 1 on the lower side of the ultra-white glass can obtain solar incident rays with less energy loss; the linear Fresnel lens 1 made of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) material has the advantages of light transmittance of not less than 92 percent, refraction coefficient of about 1.49, small relative density, high transparency, good weather resistance, impact resistance and chemical stability, and can focus incident solar rays onto the heat collecting tube 2 with small energy loss, and nanofluid which is filled in the heat collecting tube 2 and has frequency division absorption characteristics and high-efficiency heat transfer characteristics to a solar spectrum is used as a heat collecting frequency division working medium 4, can absorb most infrared light and part of visible light energy to produce a photothermal effect, and can penetrate most of visible light and part of infrared light to reach the photovoltaic cell panel 3 below the heat collecting tube 2 to generate a photovoltaic effect.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of an overall structure of a light-gathering and heat-collecting unit body a according to the present invention, in which a structure in which photovoltaic and photo-thermal modules are separately arranged is adopted, so that when sunlight is incident on a photovoltaic cell panel 3, most of infrared light and part of visible light energy are absorbed by a heat-collecting frequency-dividing working medium 4, the embodiment can effectively solve the problem of reduction of photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic cell panel 3 due to an excessively high temperature, and only a linear fresnel lens 1 and the photovoltaic cell panel 3 rotate around the center of a heat-collecting tube 2 when tracking the sunlight, while the heat-collecting tube 2 is fixed, so that the overall structure is simple, the height is small, effective combination with a common building is easily achieved, the light-gathering and heat-collecting unit body a can be widely applied to occasions.
Specifically, baffles are not arranged on two sides of the light-gathering and heat-collecting unit body A, the light-gathering and heat-collecting unit body A is sequentially arranged on a bearing seat 11 through trapezoidal end parts 5 at two ends, and a high-light-transmittance PMMA lens with optical efficiency not lower than 92% is preferably selected as the linear Fresnel lens 1; the heat collecting tube 2 is preferably a double-layer vacuum glass tube with the light transmittance of not less than 95 percent; the photovoltaic cell panel 3 is preferably a monocrystalline silicon cell which is high in conversion efficiency and wide in application; the heat collection frequency division working medium 4 adopts a nanofluid which has the frequency division absorption characteristic and the efficient heat transfer characteristic to the solar spectrum; the trapezoidal end part 5 is used for connecting the linear Fresnel lens 1, the heat collecting tube 2 and the photovoltaic cell panel 3, and the upper edge of the trapezoidal end part is equal to the linear Fresnel lens 1 in width l1The lower side of the solar cell panel is equal to the width l of the photovoltaic cell panel 32The light aluminum plate is in an isosceles trapezoid shape, the preferred thickness range is 2-5 mm, the position of the light aluminum plate close to the lower edge needs to be perforated so that the heat collecting tube 2 can penetrate through the light aluminum plate, and the center of each hole is h from the upper edge of the trapezoid end part 51H from the lower edge of the trapezoidal end portion 52The geometric relationship thereof satisfies l1/h1＝l2/h2Simultaneously, trapezoidal tip 5 also need the trompil in order to install drive connecting rod 10 in the position that is close to the top, and the hole center is 5 ~ 10mm apart from the top of trapezoidal tip 5.
Fig. 5 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the solar ray tracking apparatus B according to the present invention, which includes a speed reduction motor 8, a bevel gear 9, a transmission link 10 and a bearing seat (11), wherein the speed reduction motor 8, the bevel gear 9 and the bearing seat 11 are all installed outside the light-gathering and heat-collecting unit body a, and are isolated from the light-gathering and heat-collecting unit body a by a heat insulation layer 14, so as to prevent the light-gathering and heat-collecting unit body a from being adversely affected by high temperature. The solar ray tracking device is characterized in that the speed reduction motor 8 is sleeved with a high-precision large-speed reduction ratio stepping motor, the bevel gear 9 is provided with a high-precision low-speed transmission gear, the bearing seat 11 is provided with a high-precision alloy bearing seat, the daily working time of the solar ray tracking device B is set to be 8 am to 16 pm, the rotating speed of the solar ray tracking device B is controlled to be about 15 DEG/h through a driver, namely, the solar ray tracking device B starts to work from a right limit position to a left limit position to 16 pm, the solar ray can be incident on the linear Fresnel lens 1 at an incident angle within 1 DEG by a tracking type light condensation operation mode, and cosine loss of the incident light is reduced as.
Specifically, because the bottom plate of the heat collector needs to be provided with the speed reducing motor 8, the bearing seat 11 and the like, the metal bottom plate 12 is made of metal materials with higher strength, but in order to ensure that the whole weight of the heat collector is lighter, the heat collector is made of light and thin materials; for the light and heat collecting unit body A, the trapezoidal end part 5 is also made of metal material with higher strength, the heat collecting tube 2 is made of a permeation-enhanced double-layer vacuum glass tube with high light transmission performance, the photovoltaic cell panel 3 at the bottom is a single crystal silicon solar cell which is widely used at present, the structure and the production process are mature, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency is higher. In addition, in order to keep high tracking precision on the sunlight, the speed reducing motor 8, the bevel gear 9, the bearing seat 11 and each customized component should have high processing precision and stable operation performance.
Further, the photovoltaic/photothermal module separated small fresnel concentrating collector of the present invention should be installed in the north-south axial direction at an inclination angle equivalent to the degree of the placed latitude, and if the south beijing is located near the north latitude 32 ° as an example in the south beijing area, the installation inclination angle of the collector should be adjusted to 32 °.
Example 2:
the integral length, width and height of the heat collector are optimized to 1000, 1000 and 180mm, namely the heat collection area is about 1m2The solar collector consists of 6 light-gathering and heat-collecting unit bodies A, and the rotation centers (namely the axes of the heat collector tubes 2) of the light-gathering and heat-collecting unit bodies A are equidistantly spaced by 150 mm. The light and heat collecting unit body A is a PMMA linear Fresnel lens, and the length, the width, the tooth pitch and the focal length of the light and heat collecting unit body A are 900mm, 145mm, 0.5 mm and 100mm respectively; the heat collecting tube 2 is made of high-light-transmission glass plated with an antireflection film, the length, the inner diameter, the wall thickness and the outer diameter of the heat collecting tube are respectively 850 mm, 8mm, 1 mm and 16mm, and the light transmittance is about 95 percent; the photovoltaic cell panel 3 is an SF-100W-monocrystalline silicon solar cell, and the length and the width of the photovoltaic cell panel are respectively 800 mm and 30 mm; the heat collection frequency division working medium 4 adopts 15nm water-based SiO with the volume fraction of 0.1 percent2The nanofluid keeps high transmittance in a spectrum range of 300-1000 nm, but has low transmittance in other spectrum ranges, so that most of infrared light and part of visible light can be absorbed to generate a photothermal effect, and most of the transmitted visible light and part of near infrared light can reach a photovoltaic cell panel to generate a photovoltaic effect; the trapezoid end part 5 is made of a 6061 type light aluminum plate with the thickness of 5mm, the upper side length is 145mm, the lower side length is 30mm, and the height is 120 mm; the distance between the linear Fresnel lens 1 and the axis of the heat collecting tube 2 is 100mm, and the distance between the photovoltaic cell panel 3 and the heat collecting tube is 20 mm; the length of the transmission connecting rod 10 is 900mm, and the center distance of bolt type roller bearing holes is 150 mm; the speed reducing motor 8 is sleeved by a 32-subdivision 42 two-phase hybrid stepping motor with the outer diameter of 57mm, the torque of the speed reducing motor is 0.54 N.m, the speed reducing motor is powered by direct current of 10-40V and is suitable for driving voltage of 24-36V, the current is less than 2.2A, a driver adopts a full-digital current loop to perform subdivision control, the torque fluctuation of the motor is small, the low-speed operation is stable, and the vibration and the noise are low; the bevel gear 9 is a 90-degree transmission bevel gear which is made of 45-grade steel and is provided with 1 die 15 teeth matched with 60 teeth; the bearing seat 11 adopts a vertical zinc alloy bearing seat with the model number of KP 004; the length and the width of the metal bottom plate 12 are respectively 1000mm and 1000mm, and the metal bottom plate is made of a 6061 type light aluminum plate with the thickness of 3mm and has excellent processing performance and corrosion resistance; the length and the width of the heat insulation layer 14 are 990,178mm, made of 10mm thick aluminum foil surface heat preservation cotton material; the glass cover plate 15 is made of high-transmittance ultra-white glass with the thickness of 2 mm.
Based on the optimized parameters and the component model of the heat collector structure, the results of MATLAB theoretical calculation, TracePro/Fluent simulation and experimental verification according to GB/T4271-2007 solar heat collector thermal performance test method show that: the photovoltaic/photothermal module separated small Fresnel concentrating collector is axially arranged in the Nanjing area at an inclination angle of 32 degrees with the horizontal plane, the annual average optical efficiency is 64.97%, the average surface temperature of a photovoltaic cell panel (3) of the system is obviously reduced at noon of an experimental day, the photoelectric/photothermal efficiency of the system is respectively 12.47% and 40.09% when the outlet temperature of a working medium is 90 ℃, and the comprehensive thermal efficiency of the system is 72.91%.
Example 3:
the overall length, width and height of the heat collector are trial-manufactured to be 1400 mm, 2000mm and 180mm, namely the heat collection area of the heat collector is about 2.8m2The solar collector is formed by connecting 12 light-gathering and heat-collecting unit bodies A in parallel, and the rotating centers (namely the axes of the heat collecting pipes 2) of the light-gathering and heat-collecting unit bodies A are equidistantly spaced by 150 mm. The light and heat collecting unit body A is a PMMA linear Fresnel lens, and the length, the width, the tooth pitch and the focal length of the PMMA linear Fresnel lens are 1200mm, 145mm, 0.5 mm and 100mm respectively; the heat collecting tube 2 is made of high-light-transmission glass plated with an antireflection film, the length, the inner diameter, the wall thickness and the outer diameter of the heat collecting tube are 1200mm, 8mm, 1 mm and 16mm respectively, and the light transmittance is about 95 percent; the photovoltaic cell panel 3 is an SF-100W-monocrystalline silicon solar cell panel, and the length and the width of the photovoltaic cell panel are 1200mm and 30mm respectively; the heat collection frequency division working medium 4 adopts 15nm water-based SiO with the volume fraction of 0.1 percent2The nanofluid keeps high transmittance in a spectrum range of 300-1000 nm, but has low transmittance in other spectrum ranges, so that most of infrared light and part of visible light can be absorbed to generate a photothermal effect, and most of the transmitted visible light and part of near infrared light can reach a photovoltaic cell panel to generate a photovoltaic effect; the trapezoid end part 5 is made of a 6061 type light aluminum plate with the thickness of 5mm, the upper side length is 145mm, the lower side length is 30mm, and the height is 120 mm; the distance between the linear Fresnel lens 1 and the axis of the heat collecting tube 2 is 100mm, and the distance between the photovoltaic cell panel 3 and the heat collecting tube is 20 mm; the drive link 10 has a length of 1850mm, and the center distance of bolt type roller bearing holes is 150 mm; the speed reducing motor 8 is sleeved by a 32-subdivision 42 two-phase hybrid stepping motor with the outer diameter of 57mm, the torque of the speed reducing motor is 0.54 N.m, the speed reducing motor is powered by direct current of 10-40V and is suitable for driving voltage of 24-36V, the current is less than 2.2A, a driver adopts a full-digital current loop to perform subdivision control, the torque fluctuation of the motor is small, the low-speed operation is stable, and the vibration and the noise are low; the bevel gear 9 is a 90-degree transmission bevel gear which is made of 45-grade steel and is provided with 1 die 15 teeth matched with 60 teeth; the bearing seat 11 adopts a vertical zinc alloy bearing seat with the model number of KP 004; the length and the width of the metal bottom plate 12 are 1400 mm and 2000mm respectively, and the metal bottom plate is made of a 6061 type light aluminum plate with the thickness of 5mm and has excellent processing performance and corrosion resistance; the length and width of the heat insulation layer 14 are 1990 mm and 178mm respectively, and the heat insulation layer is made of an aluminum foil surface heat insulation cotton material with the thickness of 10 mm; the glass cover plate 15 is made of ultra-white glass with the thickness of 3 mm.
The analysis results of the optical/electrical/thermal model based on the heat collector system show that: the photovoltaic/photothermal module separated small Fresnel concentrating collector is axially arranged in a south-north area at an inclination angle of 32 degrees with the horizontal plane, the annual average optical efficiency is about 65.58%, the surface average temperature of a photovoltaic cell panel 3 of the system is remarkably reduced at noon, the photoelectric/photothermal efficiency of the system is respectively about 12.04% and 39.64% when the working medium outlet temperature is 90 ℃, and the comprehensive thermal efficiency of the system is about 71.32%.
In general, combining the simple structure and light and thin profile of the collector is expected to achieve effective integration with the roof of a general building or factory building while providing electrical energy and high-grade heat energy.
The above embodiments are described only as a technical concept of a photovoltaic and photothermal module separated type small fresnel concentrating collector, which enables a person skilled in the art to further implement or use the present invention, and therefore, any modification made on the basis of the general principles, technical concepts and technical solutions proposed by the present invention is considered as the protection scope of the present invention, i.e. the protection scope of the present invention is not limited by the above core or preferred embodiments, and the general embodiments not specifically described can be implemented by the prior art, but the protection scope of the present invention is consistent with the structural features and the concept principles disclosed in the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. The utility model provides a photovoltaic light and heat module disconnect-type small-size fei nieer spotlight heat collector, includes spotlight thermal-arrest cell cube (A), solar ray tracking means (B), frame construction (C), fluid medium total inlet pipe (6) and fluid medium total outlet pipe (7), its characterized in that: the heat collector is formed by connecting 6-12 light-gathering and heat-collecting unit bodies (A) in parallel at equal intervals, each light-gathering and heat-collecting unit body (A) comprises a linear Fresnel lens (1), a heat-collecting tube (2), a photovoltaic cell panel (3), a heat-collecting frequency-dividing working medium (4) and a trapezoidal end (5), wherein the axis of the heat-collecting tube (2) is arranged at the focal line of the linear Fresnel lens (1), the photovoltaic cell panel (3) is arranged right below the heat-collecting tube (2), the three parts are connected through the trapezoidal ends (5) at the two ends, the heat-collecting tube (2) is filled with the heat-collecting frequency-dividing working medium (4), the trapezoidal end (5) is provided with holes so that the two ends of the heat-collecting tube (2) can penetrate through the holes, and the inlet and the outlet of the heat-collecting tube (2) are respectively; the solar ray tracking device (B) is composed of a speed reducing motor (8), a bevel gear (9), a transmission connecting rod (10) and a bearing seat (11), wherein the speed reducing motor (8) is arranged between a working medium main inlet pipe (6) and the bearing seat (11) and is fixed on a metal bottom plate (12) through a bolt, the bevel gear (9) is installed at the trapezoidal end part of the central light-gathering and heat-collecting unit body, and the transmission connecting rod (10) is connected with the trapezoidal end part (5) of the light-gathering and heat-collecting unit body (A); the frame structure (C) comprises a metal bottom plate (12), peripheral side plates (13), a heat insulating layer (14) and a glass cover plate (15), wherein the heat insulating layer (14) is arranged between the light and heat collecting unit body (A) and a bearing seat (11), the bearing seat (11) is fixed on the metal bottom plate (12) through a bolt, and the glass cover plate (15) is arranged on the uppermost side of the heat collector.
2. The photovoltaic and photothermal module separated small fresnel concentrating collector according to claim 1, wherein: the width range of the linear Fresnel lens (1) of the light-gathering and heat-collecting unit body (A) is 60-150 mm, the length range of the linear Fresnel lens is 400-1200 mm, and a PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate) lens is adopted; the inner diameter range of the heat collecting pipe (2) is 8-12 mm, the wall thickness range is 1-2 mm,the outer diameter range is 16-20 mm, the length range is 400-1200 mm, and a double-layer vacuum glass tube is adopted; the width range of the photovoltaic cell panel (3) is 10-80 mm, the length range is 400-1200 mm, and a monocrystalline silicon cell is adopted; the trapezoidal end part (5) is used for connecting the linear Fresnel lens (1), the heat collecting tube (2) and the photovoltaic cell panel (3), and the upper edge of the trapezoidal end part and the linear Fresnel lens (1) are equal in width of l1The lower side of the solar cell panel is equal to the width of the photovoltaic cell panel (3) by l2An isosceles trapezoid-shaped aluminum plate with the thickness ranging from 2mm to 5mm is adopted, the position of the aluminum plate close to the lower side is provided with a hole so that the heat collecting pipe (2) can pass through, and the distance between the center of the hole and the upper side of the trapezoid-shaped end part (5) is h1H is set at a distance from the lower side of the trapezoidal end part (5)2The geometric relationship thereof satisfies l1/h1＝l2/h2Simultaneously, trapezoidal tip (5) need the trompil in order to install transmission connecting rod (10) near the position on the top, and the hole center is 5 ~ 10mm apart from the top of trapezoidal tip (5).
3. The photovoltaic and photothermal module separated small fresnel concentrating collector according to claim 2, wherein: the two sides of the light-gathering and heat-collecting unit body (A) are not provided with baffles, and the light-gathering and heat-collecting unit body is sequentially arranged on the bearing seat (11) through the trapezoidal end parts (5) at the two ends, and are spaced at intervals of 60-150 mm at equal intervals.
4. The photovoltaic and photothermal module separated small fresnel concentrating collector according to claim 1, wherein: a speed reducing motor (8) of the solar ray tracking device (B) adopts a stepping motor, and a transmission connecting rod (10) is connected with the trapezoidal end parts (5) of the light and heat collecting unit bodies (A) through bolt type roller bearings.
5. The photovoltaic and photothermal module separated small fresnel concentrating collector according to claim 1, wherein: the metal bottom plate (12) of the frame structure (C) is made of an aluminum plate with the thickness ranging from 3mm to 5 mm; the peripheral side plates (13) are made of aluminum plates with the thickness range of 0.5-2 mm; the heat insulation layer (14) is made of a heat insulation cotton material with the thickness range of 5-10 mm.
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