CN112327055B - Insulation impedance detection circuit and method for photovoltaic inverter - Google Patents
Insulation impedance detection circuit and method for photovoltaic inverter Download PDFInfo
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- CN112327055B CN112327055B CN202011236777.XA CN202011236777A CN112327055B CN 112327055 B CN112327055 B CN 112327055B CN 202011236777 A CN202011236777 A CN 202011236777A CN 112327055 B CN112327055 B CN 112327055B
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- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 69
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 7
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R27/00—Arrangements for measuring resistance, reactance, impedance, or electric characteristics derived therefrom
- G01R27/02—Measuring real or complex resistance, reactance, impedance, or other two-pole characteristics derived therefrom, e.g. time constant
- G01R27/025—Measuring very high resistances, e.g. isolation resistances, i.e. megohm-meters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S50/00—Monitoring or testing of PV systems, e.g. load balancing or fault identification
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
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- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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- Measurement Of Resistance Or Impedance (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an insulation impedance detection circuit and method for a photovoltaic inverter. The insulation impedance detection circuit comprises a first resistor, a second resistor, a third resistor and a fourth resistor which are connected in series, wherein one end of the first resistor is electrically connected with the positive electrode of the input end, one end of the second resistor is electrically connected with the positive electrode of the output end, one end of the third resistor is electrically connected with the negative electrode of the input end, and one end of the fourth resistor is electrically connected with one end of the second resistor; the insulation impedance detection circuit further comprises a switch connected in parallel with two ends of the first resistor and a sampling device for detecting voltages at two ends of the third resistor. The invention only generates disturbance signals through one switch, has fewer devices and saves control ports.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of insulation impedance detection of photovoltaic inverters, and relates to an insulation impedance detection circuit and method for a photovoltaic inverter.
Background
In the photovoltaic system, as the output PV+ and PV-of the solar cell panel have the impedance to the ground PE, the inverter and other energy converging equipment have the impedance to the ground PE, and the insulation impedance is the total equivalent resistance of the input end of the PV of the inverter to the ground. And detecting the insulation resistance of the PV end to the ground before the inverter generates electricity, wherein when the insulation resistance is lower than a specific value, the inverter cannot be used so as to avoid damage to the whole photovoltaic system caused by the excessively low insulation resistance to the ground.
Chinese patent CN106324359B discloses a method and a device for detecting insulation impedance of a photovoltaic inverter, by controlling the conduction and interception of three switches to make the detection modules in different detection states, voltages to ground at the positive end and the negative end of a photovoltaic array when the detection modules connected with the photovoltaic array of the photovoltaic inverter are in different detection states are collected, and insulation impedance is obtained by calculating according to the voltage value collected by each path of detection module. The detection method and the detection device use more switching devices, and the control ports of the switches are correspondingly more.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems, the invention provides an insulation impedance detection circuit and an insulation impedance detection method for a photovoltaic inverter, which have fewer devices and save control ports.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
An insulation resistance detection circuit for a photovoltaic inverter is provided with an input end positive electrode and an input end negative electrode which are used for being connected with a BOOST circuit, and an output end positive electrode and an output end negative electrode which are used for being connected with a power grid, wherein the insulation resistance detection circuit comprises a first resistor and a second resistor which are connected in series, and a third resistor and a fourth resistor which are connected in series, one end of the first resistor is electrically connected with the input end positive electrode, one end of the second resistor is electrically connected with the output end positive electrode, one end of the third resistor is electrically connected with the input end negative electrode, and one end of the fourth resistor is electrically connected with one end of the second resistor; the insulation impedance detection circuit further comprises a switch connected in parallel with two ends of the first resistor and a sampling device for detecting voltages at two ends of the third resistor.
In one embodiment, the switch is a normally open relay.
In an embodiment, the sampling device includes a voltage detection terminal electrically connected to a connection point of the third resistor and the fourth resistor.
In one embodiment, the insulation resistance to ground R x of the photovoltaic inverter is calculated according to the following equation (a):
Wherein, R a1 and R a2 are R a values when the switch is opened and closed, and R a is an equivalent resistance of the first resistor and the second resistor; r b is the equivalent resistance value of the third resistor and the fourth resistor; u iso1 and U iso2 are respectively voltage values of two ends of the third resistor when the switch is opened and closed; and R 3 is the resistance value of the third resistor.
In an embodiment, the insulation impedance detection circuit further includes a micro control chip, and the micro control chip is electrically connected to the switch and the sampling device, and calculates the insulation impedance to ground of the photovoltaic inverter according to formula (a).
The invention also adopts the following technical scheme:
an insulation resistance detection method for a photovoltaic inverter, employing the insulation resistance detection circuit as described above, the insulation resistance detection method comprising the steps of:
a. The switch is disconnected, and the voltage value U iso1 at two ends of the third resistor is detected;
b. closing the switch to short the first resistor, and detecting the voltage value U iso2 at two ends of the third resistor;
c. And calculating the insulation resistance to ground of the photovoltaic inverter through the voltage values U iso1 and U iso2.
In one embodiment, in the step c,
The ground insulation resistance R x of the photovoltaic inverter is calculated according to the following formula (a):
Wherein, R a1 and R a2 are R a values when the switch is opened and closed, and R a is an equivalent resistance of the first resistor and the second resistor; r b is the equivalent resistance value of the third resistor and the fourth resistor; and R 3 is the resistance value of the third resistor.
In one embodiment, the ground insulation resistance R x is calculated in the step c by constructing the following equations by the voltage values U iso1 and U iso2:
Wherein U and U x are BUS+ voltage and equivalent voltage to ground obtained by the BOOST circuit respectively.
In one embodiment, the switch is a normally open relay.
In one embodiment, the voltage values U iso1 and U iso2 are detected by a voltage detection terminal electrically connected to a connection point of the third resistor and the fourth resistor.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
According to the insulation impedance detection circuit and the insulation impedance detection method for the photovoltaic inverter, only one switch is arranged to generate the disturbance signal, so that the system cost is reduced, the system space is saved, only one switch control port is needed, the power density of a product can be further improved, and the insulation impedance detection circuit and the insulation impedance detection method for the photovoltaic inverter have the advantages of fewer devices, low cost and control port and software resource saving.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, the drawings that are needed in the description of the embodiments will be briefly described below, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a hardware topology of an insulation resistance detection circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a simplified circuit model of FIG. 1;
Fig. 3 is a U iso(Ux) curve.
Detailed Description
Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the attached drawings so that the advantages and features of the present invention can be more easily understood by those skilled in the art. The description of these embodiments is provided to assist understanding of the present invention, but is not intended to limit the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The embodiment provides an insulation resistance detection circuit for a photovoltaic inverter, which is used for detecting insulation resistance of a photovoltaic inverter system to ground. Referring to fig. 1, a DC voltage generated by a photovoltaic panel 1 is subjected to a DC/DC BOOST circuit 2 to obtain a stable BUS voltage, and an insulation resistance detection circuit 3 detects the insulation resistance to ground of the photovoltaic inverter. The insulation resistance detection circuit 3 has an input positive bus+ and an input negative BUS-, which are connected to the BOOST circuit 2, and an output positive and an output negative for connecting to the grid. The insulation resistance detection circuit 3 includes a first resistor 31 and a second resistor 32 connected in series with each other, and a third resistor 33 and a fourth resistor 34 connected in series with each other. The first resistor 31 and the second resistor 32 are sequentially connected in series between the positive bus+ of the input end and the positive BUS-of the output end, that is, one end of the first resistor 31 is connected with the BOOST circuit 2 through the positive bus+ of the input end, and one end of the second resistor 32 is connected with the power grid through the positive of the output end. The third resistor 33 and the fourth resistor 34 are sequentially connected in series between the negative electrode of the output terminal and the positive electrode of the output terminal, that is, the first end of the third resistor 33 is connected between the negative electrode BUS of the input terminal and the negative electrode of the output terminal, and one end of the fourth resistor 34 is connected with the above-mentioned one end of the second resistor 32. In addition, the input terminal negative electrode BUS is grounded. The insulation resistance detection circuit further includes a switch 35 connected in parallel to both ends of the first resistor 31, and specifically, the switch 35 is a normally open relay. The insulation resistance detection circuit 3 further includes a sampling device for detecting a voltage across the third resistor 33, and specifically, the sampling device is a voltage detection terminal Uiso electrically connected to a connection point of the third resistor 33 and the fourth resistor 34.
The insulation impedance detection circuit 3 further comprises a micro-control chip, and the micro-control chip is electrically connected with the switch 35 and the sampling device respectively and calculates the insulation impedance to ground of the photovoltaic inverter according to the following formula (A).
The insulation impedance detection circuit 3 constructs different U Iso measured values and circuit equations by changing the resistance value of the positive electrode BUS+ connected to the input end, and obtains equivalent impedance by solving a binary once equation set. Specifically, the ground insulation resistance R x of the photovoltaic inverter is calculated according to the following formula (a):
Wherein, R a1 and R a2 are R a values when the switch 35 is opened and closed, and R a is an equivalent resistance of the first resistor 31 and the second resistor 32; r b is the equivalent resistance value of the third resistor 33 and the fourth resistor 34; u iso1 and U iso2 are voltage values of two ends of the third resistor 33 when the switch 35 is opened and closed, respectively; r 3 is the resistance value of the third resistor 33.
The principle of the insulation resistance detection circuit is as follows.
In the circuit shown in fig. 1, a switch 35 is used to switch the impedance parameters of the BUS + impedance branch to construct the equation. The switch 35 is first opened, the voltage of the third resistor 33 is measured, then the switch 35 is closed, the voltage of the third resistor 33 at this time is measured, and an expression is constructed by the two measured voltages.
For ease of calculation, define: r 1+R2=Ra,R3+R4=Rb;R1 and R 2 represent the first resistor 31 and the second resistor 32, respectively, and R 3 and R 4 represent the third resistor 33 and the fourth resistor 34, respectively. The insulation resistance detection circuit in fig. 1 is simplified to the circuit model shown in fig. 2 using defined parameters. At this time, R a becomes variable with the on and off of the switch 35.
The following equation is calculated by the superposition theorem:
The method can obtain:
Thus:
The formula is reduced to a function for R x:
the function is an inverse proportion function of the origin moving to the second quadrant, and the function is based on U x and The relationship of (2) is divided into an upper branch and a lower branch. U iso(Ux) curve as shown in fig. 3, the maximum and minimum values of the function are obtained when R x =0, the value of which is/>Due to U x∈[0,Umax ],/>U and U x are BUS+ voltage and equivalent voltage to ground obtained by the BOOST circuit respectively.
The value of R a is changed during the measurement by switching the switch 35. When switch 35 is open, R a has the value R a 1; when switch 35 is closed, R a has the value R a2.
The following equation set can be obtained by measurement on both sides:
the simplification can be obtained:
the present embodiment also provides an insulation resistance detection method for a photovoltaic inverter, which employs the insulation resistance detection circuit 3 as above. The insulation resistance detection method comprises the following steps:
a. The switch 35 is turned off, and the voltage value U iso1 at two ends of the third resistor 33 is detected;
b. closing the switch 35 to short-circuit the first resistor 31, and detecting the voltage value U iso2 at two ends of the third resistor 33;
c. The insulation resistance to ground of the photovoltaic inverter is calculated through the voltage values U iso1 and U iso2, and specifically the insulation resistance to ground R x of the photovoltaic inverter is calculated according to the following formula (A):
Wherein, R a1 and R a2 are R a values when the switch is opened and closed, R a is the equivalent resistance of the first resistor and the second resistor; r b is the equivalent resistance value of the third resistor and the fourth resistor; r 3 is the resistance value of the third resistor.
According to the embodiment, the single relay is used for replacing the traditional three relays to realize the insulation resistance detection scheme of the photovoltaic inverter, so that the raw material cost of the photovoltaic inverter is reduced, the system space is reduced, and the resources are saved. Only a single relay needs to be closed when the insulation resistance of the photovoltaic inverter is detected, and 3 relays need to be closed in the traditional solution, so that hardware and software resources are effectively saved when the insulation resistance is detected.
The above-described embodiments are provided for illustrating the technical concept and features of the present invention, and are intended to be preferred embodiments for those skilled in the art to understand the present invention and implement the same according to the present invention, not to limit the scope of the present invention. All equivalent changes or modifications made according to the spirit of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. An insulation resistance detection circuit for a photovoltaic inverter, having an input terminal positive electrode and an input terminal negative electrode for connecting a BOOST circuit, and an output terminal positive electrode and an output terminal negative electrode for connecting a power grid, characterized in that: the insulation impedance detection circuit comprises a first resistor, a second resistor, a third resistor and a fourth resistor which are connected in series, wherein one end of the first resistor is electrically connected with the positive electrode of the input end, one end of the second resistor is electrically connected with the positive electrode of the output end, one end of the third resistor is electrically connected with the negative electrode of the input end, and one end of the fourth resistor is electrically connected with one end of the second resistor; the insulation impedance detection circuit further comprises a switch connected in parallel with two ends of the first resistor and a sampling device for detecting voltages at two ends of the third resistor; the switch is a normally open relay and is used for respectively detecting voltage values at two sides of the third resistor in the open and closed states of the switch; the sampling device comprises a voltage detection terminal electrically connected with a connection point of the third resistor and the fourth resistor;
the ground insulation resistance Rx of the photovoltaic inverter is calculated according to the following formula (a):
Wherein, R a1 and R a2 are R a values when the switch is opened and closed, and R a is an equivalent resistance of the first resistor and the second resistor; r b is the equivalent resistance value of the third resistor and the fourth resistor; u iso1 and U iso2 are respectively voltage values of two ends of the third resistor when the switch is opened and closed; and R 3 is the resistance value of the third resistor.
2. The insulation resistance detection circuit according to claim 1, wherein: the insulation impedance detection circuit further comprises a micro control chip, wherein the micro control chip is respectively and electrically connected with the switch and the sampling device, and the insulation impedance to ground of the photovoltaic inverter is obtained through calculation according to the formula (A).
3. An insulation resistance detection method for a photovoltaic inverter, characterized by employing the insulation resistance detection circuit according to claim 1, comprising the steps of:
a. The switch is disconnected, and the voltage value U iso1 at two ends of the third resistor is detected;
b. closing the switch to short the first resistor, and detecting the voltage value U iso2 at two ends of the third resistor;
c. And calculating the insulation resistance to ground of the photovoltaic inverter through the voltage values U iso1 and U iso2.
4. The method for detecting insulation resistance according to claim 3, wherein in the step c,
The ground insulation resistance R x of the photovoltaic inverter is calculated according to the following formula (a):
Wherein, R a1 and R a2 are R a values when the switch is opened and closed, and R a is an equivalent resistance of the first resistor and the second resistor; r b is the equivalent resistance value of the third resistor and the fourth resistor; and R 3 is the resistance value of the third resistor.
5. The insulation resistance detection method according to claim 4, wherein the ground insulation resistance R x is calculated in the step c by constructing the following equation from the voltage values U iso1 and U iso2:
Wherein U and U x are BUS+ voltage and equivalent voltage to ground obtained by the BOOST circuit respectively.
6. The insulation resistance detection method according to claim 3, wherein: the voltage values U iso1 and U iso2 are detected by a voltage detection terminal electrically connected to a connection point of the third resistor and the fourth resistor.
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| 光伏发电系统直流侧绝缘阻抗检测的研究;耿后来等;通信电源技术;第37卷(第01期);全文 * |
| 光伏并网逆变器自动测试平台设计;李令飞;中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库工程科技Ⅱ辑;20200415(第04(2020)期);全文 * |
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