CN112313850A - 用于机电式机动车辆转向系统的电动马达的半导体开关的保护装置 - Google Patents

用于机电式机动车辆转向系统的电动马达的半导体开关的保护装置 Download PDF

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CN112313850A
CN112313850A CN201980040751.7A CN201980040751A CN112313850A CN 112313850 A CN112313850 A CN 112313850A CN 201980040751 A CN201980040751 A CN 201980040751A CN 112313850 A CN112313850 A CN 112313850A
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motor vehicle
diode
steering system
suppressor diode
safety switch
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加博尔·纳吉
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ThyssenKrupp AG
ThyssenKrupp Presta AG
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02HEMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H9/00Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection
    • H02H9/04Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection responsive to excess voltage
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02PCONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P29/00Arrangements for regulating or controlling electric motors, appropriate for both AC and DC motors
    • H02P29/02Providing protection against overload without automatic interruption of supply
    • H02P29/024Detecting a fault condition, e.g. short circuit, locked rotor, open circuit or loss of load
    • H02P29/0241Detecting a fault condition, e.g. short circuit, locked rotor, open circuit or loss of load the fault being an overvoltage
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62DMOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D5/00Power-assisted or power-driven steering
    • B62D5/04Power-assisted or power-driven steering electrical, e.g. using an electric servo-motor connected to, or forming part of, the steering gear
    • B62D5/0457Power-assisted or power-driven steering electrical, e.g. using an electric servo-motor connected to, or forming part of, the steering gear characterised by control features of the drive means as such
    • B62D5/0481Power-assisted or power-driven steering electrical, e.g. using an electric servo-motor connected to, or forming part of, the steering gear characterised by control features of the drive means as such monitoring the steering system, e.g. failures
    • B62D5/0484Power-assisted or power-driven steering electrical, e.g. using an electric servo-motor connected to, or forming part of, the steering gear characterised by control features of the drive means as such monitoring the steering system, e.g. failures for reaction to failures, e.g. limp home
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62DMOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D5/00Power-assisted or power-driven steering
    • B62D5/04Power-assisted or power-driven steering electrical, e.g. using an electric servo-motor connected to, or forming part of, the steering gear
    • B62D5/0457Power-assisted or power-driven steering electrical, e.g. using an electric servo-motor connected to, or forming part of, the steering gear characterised by control features of the drive means as such
    • B62D5/0481Power-assisted or power-driven steering electrical, e.g. using an electric servo-motor connected to, or forming part of, the steering gear characterised by control features of the drive means as such monitoring the steering system, e.g. failures
    • B62D5/0487Power-assisted or power-driven steering electrical, e.g. using an electric servo-motor connected to, or forming part of, the steering gear characterised by control features of the drive means as such monitoring the steering system, e.g. failures detecting motor faults
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02HEMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H7/00Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
    • H02H7/10Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers
    • H02H7/12Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers
    • H02H7/122Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers for inverters, i.e. dc/ac converters
    • H02H7/1227Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers for inverters, i.e. dc/ac converters responsive to abnormalities in the output circuit, e.g. short circuit
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/53Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/537Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
    • H02M7/5387Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration
    • H02M7/53871Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration with automatic control of output voltage or current
    • H02M7/53875Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration with automatic control of output voltage or current with analogue control of three-phase output
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H03ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03KPULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K17/00Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
    • H03K17/08Modifications for protecting switching circuit against overcurrent or overvoltage
    • H03K17/081Modifications for protecting switching circuit against overcurrent or overvoltage without feedback from the output circuit to the control circuit
    • H03K17/0814Modifications for protecting switching circuit against overcurrent or overvoltage without feedback from the output circuit to the control circuit by measures taken in the output circuit
    • H03K17/08142Modifications for protecting switching circuit against overcurrent or overvoltage without feedback from the output circuit to the control circuit by measures taken in the output circuit in field-effect transistor switches
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02HEMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H7/00Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
    • H02H7/08Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for dynamo-electric motors
    • H02H7/0805Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for dynamo-electric motors for synchronous motors
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02HEMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H7/00Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
    • H02H7/08Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for dynamo-electric motors
    • H02H7/0833Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for dynamo-electric motors for electric motors with control arrangements
    • H02H7/0838Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for dynamo-electric motors for electric motors with control arrangements with H-bridge circuit
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02HEMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H7/00Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
    • H02H7/22Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for distribution gear, e.g. bus-bar systems; for switching devices
    • H02H7/222Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for distribution gear, e.g. bus-bar systems; for switching devices for switches
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02PCONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P29/00Arrangements for regulating or controlling electric motors, appropriate for both AC and DC motors
    • H02P29/02Providing protection against overload without automatic interruption of supply
    • H02P29/032Preventing damage to the motor, e.g. setting individual current limits for different drive conditions

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Power Steering Mechanism (AREA)
  • Control Of Ac Motors In General (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种机电式机动车辆动力转向系统,其包括多相永磁激励电动马达(9),该多相永磁激励电动马达(9)可以经由控制器(12)和电动车辆的电气系统的供应线(13+,13‑)进行操作。电动马达(9)具有至少三个相绕组(u,v,w),所述至少三个相绕组(u,v,w)经由线(16,17,18)连接至驱动器电路。驱动器电路根据控制器来将所述线(16,17,18)中的每一条经由第一组的相应第一MOSFET(14u,14v,14w)连接至正供应线(14+)并且经由第二组的相应第二MOSFET(15u,15v,15w)连接至负供应线(14‑)。每条线具有MOSFET(19,20,21)作为安全开关,所述MOSFET(19,20,21)布置有沿相对于电气系统的通过方向的体二极管,其中,每个安全开关(19,20,21)具有保护装置,该保护装置包括:至少一个抑制器二极管,所述至少一个抑制器二极管与相应的安全开关(19,20,21)并联连接并且沿相对于电气系统的通过方向布置;以及对于每个相绕组(u,v,w)的二极管(27u,27v,27w),所述二极管(27u,27v,27w)相对于至少一个抑制器二极管(28u,28v,28w)串联连接并且沿相对于DC电压电气系统的阻挡方向连接。

Description

用于机电式机动车辆转向系统的电动马达的半导体开关的保 护装置
本发明涉及具有权利要求1的前序部分的特征的机电式机动车辆动力转向系统。
机电式转向系统通常具有永磁激励同步马达作为伺服马达。该设计的伺服马达由控制器经由一组MOSFET进行致动,其中,当存在三相绕组时,提供总共六个MOSFET。在每个MOSFET上,所分配的相绕组连接至车载电力供应电压或地电位。这在高频率下完成使得时间平均值用作相绕组中的有效电压。
永磁激励同步马达具有如下特性,当发生电气故障时诸如例如当马达中或致动系统中发生短路时产生制动扭矩,使得这样的故障不仅可能导致转向辅助故障,而且还可能导致驾驶员的转向运动也受到额外阻力的阻碍。出于安全原因,在机动车辆的转向系统中是不能容忍的。
已知的是,为了避免这种状况,将相供应线与马达分隔开或者将相供应线在马达的星形点处分隔开。
为此,在现有技术中提出了半导体开关。在这种情况下,由于逆变器中持续地存在泄漏电导,因此当开关元件断开时可能产生过电压。如果电流的流动被半导体开关中断,则半导体开关上漏极与源极之间的电压上升至可能高于供应电压的值。如果在这种情况下出现的电压超过半导体开关的最大反向电压,则可能损坏半导体开关。因此,必须避免在关断过程期间流过半导体开关的电流过高,以保护半导体开关免受损坏。
本发明的目的是指定一种具有用于半导体开关以保护免受过电压的保护装置的机电式机动车辆动力转向系统,该装置保护半导体开关在线路断开时免受损坏。
该目的通过一种具有权利要求1的特征的具有用于半导体开关以保护免受过电压的保护装置的机电式机动车辆动力转向系统来实现。
因此,提供了一种机电式机动车辆动力转向系统,其具有多相永磁激励电动马达,该多相永磁激励电动马达可以经由控制器和来自机动车辆的车载DC电力供应的供应线进行操作,其中,电动马达具有至少三个相绕组,所述至少三个相绕组经由线连接至驱动器电路,其中,驱动器电路根据控制器来将所述线中的每一条经由第一组的相应第一MOSFET连接至正供应线并且经由第二组的相应第二MOSFET连接至负供应线,并且其中,每条线具有MOSFET作为安全开关,所述MOSFET布置有沿相对于车载电力供应的正向传导方向的体二极管,并且其中,每个安全开关具有保护装置,该保护装置包括:至少一个抑制器二极管,所述至少一个抑制器二极管与相应的安全开关并联连接并且沿相对于车载DC电力供应的正向传导方向布置;以及对于每个相绕组的二极管,所述二极管相对于至少一个抑制器二极管串联连接并且沿相对于车载电力供应的反向方向连接。抑制器二极管可以传导过电压经过安全开关,并且因此防止在切换过程期间损坏。沿相对于车载电力供应的反向方向连接的二极管防止感应电流使相短路并且防止该电流沿相的方向流动。
至少一个抑制器二极管优选地是单向的。至少一个抑制器二极管优选地被配置成使得当存在超过电压阈值的感应电流时,抑制器二极管传导感应电流,并且因此该电流被传导经过安全开关。
第一组的MOSFET和第二组的MOSFET优选地布置有沿相对于车载DC电力供应的反向方向的它们的体二极管。
相对于车载电力供应连接在阻挡装置中的保护装置的二极管优选地是肖特基二极管,其实际上不具有存储电荷并因此非常快。
优选地,存在下述规定:保护装置布置在将正供应线或负供应线连接至相应的安全开关和相关联的马达绕组的公共连接点的电流传导路径中。
该机电式机动车辆动力转向系统对于每个相绕组而言可以在电流传导路径中具有抑制器二极管,或者可以具有布置在电流传导路径的公共连接点的上游的单个抑制器二极管。使用单个抑制器二极管更具成本效益。根据马达的电力,有必要确定单个抑制器二极管是否足够或者是否必须对于每个相绕组而言使用一个抑制器二极管。
电动马达优选地具有三个相并且为永磁激励的。
参照附图更详细地说明本发明的优选实施方式。在所有附图中,相同的或功能上相同的部件在此被提供有相同的附图标记。在附图中:
图1以示意图示出了具有用于伺服马达的布置的多种可能性的机电式动力转向系统;
图2示出了用于利用用于控制电机电流的六个MOSFET和保护装置对永磁激励同步马达进行致动的电路;
图3示出了用于利用用于控制电机电流的六个MOSFET和保护装置对永磁激励同步马达进行致动的另一电路;
图4示出了用于利用用于控制电机电流的六个MOSFET和保护装置对永磁激励同步马达进行致动的电路的第三实施方式;以及
图5示出了用于利用保护装置对永磁激励同步马达进行致动的电路的第四实施方式。
图1是机电式机动车辆动力转向系统1的示意图,机电式机动车辆动力转向系统1具有转向盘2,该转向盘2以旋转固定的方式耦接至上转向轴3。驾驶员经由转向盘2将相应扭矩作为转向指令施加至转向轴3中。然后,扭矩经由上转向轴3和下转向轴4传递至转向小齿轮5。小齿轮5以已知方式与齿条6的齿段啮合。齿条6安装在转向壳体中,以便可沿齿条6的纵向轴线的方向移位。齿条6在其自由端部处经由球形接头(未示出)连接至横拉杆7。横拉杆7本身在每种情况下经由转向节以已知方式连接至机动车辆的一个转向轮8。转向盘2的旋转经由转向轴3的和小齿轮5的连接引起齿条6的纵向位移并因此引起转向轮8的枢转。转向轮8经由道路80经历阻碍转向运动的反作用。为了使轮8枢转,因此需要施加使在转向盘2处的相应扭矩是必要的力。设置伺服单元10的电动马达9以便在该转向运动期间辅助驾驶员。上转向轴3和下转向轴4经由扭力杆(未示出)以旋转弹性的方式彼此耦接。扭矩传感器单元11感测上转向轴3相对于下转向轴4的扭动作为手动地施加至转向轴3或转向盘2的扭矩的量度。控制单元12根据由扭矩传感器单元11测得的扭矩来计算由伺服单元10为驾驶员提供的转向辅助。伺服单元10在此可以作为动力辅助装置10、100、101任一耦接至转向轴3、转向小齿轮5或齿条6。相应动力辅助系统10、100、101将辅助扭矩输入至转向轴3、转向小齿轮5和/或齿条6中,因此驾驶员在转向工作中得到帮助。图1中示出的三个不同的动力辅助装置10、100、101示出了对于它们的布置的替选位置。通常,所示位置中仅一个位置由动力辅助系统占据。
图2示出了控制单元12的动力部件的基本电路。供应线13+连接至供应线的正极,并且供应线13-连接至供应线的负极或者连接至机动车辆的通常以具有负接地的DC电压操作的车载电子设备的接地连接。第一组的MOSFET 14包括三个MOSFET 14u、14v和14w,所述三个MOSFET 14u、14v和14w用于将车载电压施加至三相绕组u、v和w。提供第二组15的总共三个另外的MOSFET 15u、15v和15w,所述总共三个另外的MOSFET 15u、15v和15w用于将地电位施加至相绕组u、v和w。为此,两组14和15总共馈送了三条线16、17和18,所述三条线16、17和18各自分配给相u、v、w。
提供第一组14和第二组15的MOSFET作为驱动器。通常以下述方式连接这些组14和组15的驱动器MOSFET:它们的本征二极管或体二极管沿相对于车载电压的反向方向连接。这些驱动器MOSFET根据控制信号来将各个相绕组u、v和w连接至正电位或连接至接地电位。这在高频率下完成使得在各个绕组u、v和w中时间平均值作为用于产生辅助扭矩的操作电压是有效的。
最后,在两条供应线13+与13-之间设置有平滑电容器24,该平滑电容器24抑制来自电动马达和布置在电动马达上游的MOSFET的高频反应。
在三条线16、17和18中的每一条中,提供第三组的MOSFET作为安全开关19、20、21。第三组的MOSFET的体二极管沿相对于车载电压的正向传导方向连接,并且因此这些体二极管被定向成与第一组14和第二组15的MOSFET的二极管相反。这意味着在操作期间,只要转向装置处于活动状态且无中断发生,则第三组的各个MOSFET就持续地切换至导通模式。在短路的平滑电容器24的情况下,两条线13+和13-彼此导通连接。在这种情况下,如果电动马达由于转向柱的外部扭矩而旋转,则在绕组u、v和w中将产生感应电压。感应电流从绕组流出经由这些线流至其二极管沿反向方向切换的第三组的MOSFET。电路在此中断。无感应电流流动。
各个组的MOSFET各自借助于栅极驱动器23经由控制线22来致动。为此,将必要的控制信号施加至各个MOSFET的控制电极(栅极)。
每个安全开关19、20、21具有保护装置25。保护装置25布置在将连接至供应线的正极的供应线13+连接至相应的半导体开关19、20、21和相关联的马达绕组u、v、w(负载)的公共连接点的电流传导路径26u、26v、26w中。保护装置25在每种情况下包括:二极管27u、27v、27w,所述二极管27u、27v、27w沿可能的感应电流的正向传导方向连接;以及单向抑制器二极管28u、28v、28w,所述单向抑制器二极管28u、28v、28w与二极管27u、27v、27w串联布置并且沿可能的感应电流的反向方向连接。如果超过电压阈值,则抑制器二极管——也称为瞬态电压抑制器二极管(TVS)、瞬态吸收齐纳二极管(TAZ)、穿透二极管或穿通二极管(BOD)——变为导通。如果出现如下高感应电流,在该感应电流处超过抑制器二极管的电压阈值,则该电流通过在相应的安全开关19、20、21处的并联电路被传导。
串联连接的二极管27u、27v、27w优选地是快速肖特基二极管,其假定导通状态比相应的安全开关的MOSFET更快地进入非导通状态。二极管27u、27v、27w防止在绕组中发生短路。另外,二极管27u、27v、27w确保没有电流沿马达绕组的方向经由电流传导路径26u、26v、26w流动。
图3示出了与图2中的电路基本上对应的电路的另一实施方式。然而,在三个电流传导路径26u、26v、26w中的每一个中,在保护装置25中未使用抑制器二极管。提供了单个抑制器二极管28,该抑制器二极管28沿电流的方向布置在被划分为三个电流传导路径的上游。如果在三个绕组u、v、w之一中出现如下高感应电流,在该感应电流处超过单个抑制器二极管的电压阈值,则该电流通过与分配给相应的相的二极管27u、27v、27w的以及与单个抑制器二极管28的并联连接被传导经过相应的安全开关19、20、21。
图4中示出的示例性实施方式与图2中的示例的不同之处在于,它是源极-马达构造,并且因此安全开关19、20、21以相反的方式安装。安全开关19、20、21的MOSFET的二极管沿相对于可能的感应电流的正向传导方向连接。在操作期间,只要转向装置处于活动状态且无中断发生,则第三组的各个MOSFET就持续地切换至导通模式。在短路的平滑电容器24的情况下,两条线13+和13-彼此导通地连接。在这种情况下,如果电动马达由于转向柱的外部扭矩而旋转,则在绕组u、v和w中将产生感应电压。感应电流从绕组流出经由线流至其二极管沿正向传导方向切换的第三组的MOSFET 19、20、21,流至第一组的MOSFET 14u、14v、14w、短路电容器24,并且流至第二组的MOSFET 15u、15v、15w,并且流回至安全开关19、20、21,所述安全开关19、20、21中断电路。
如上面已经描述的,每个安全开关19、20、21具有保护装置25。保护装置25布置在将连接至负极的负供应线13-连接至相应的半导体开关19、20、21的和相关联的马达绕组u、v、w(负载)的公共连接点的电流传导路径26u、26v、26w中。保护装置25包括:在每种情况下二极管27u、27v、27w,所述二极管27u、27v、27w沿可能的感应电流的正向传导方向连接;以及在每种情况下单向抑制器二极管28u、28v、28w,所述单向抑制器二极管28u、28v、28w相对于二极管27u、27v、27w串联布置并且沿可能的感应电流的反向方向连接。如果出现高感应电流,在该感应电流处超过抑制器二极管的电压阈值,则该电流通过并联连接被传导经过相应的安全开关19、20、21。
图5示出了与图4中的电路基本上对应的另一示例性实施方式,其中,以类似于图2和图3中的示例的方式,仅提供单个抑制器二极管28,该抑制器二极管28沿可能的感应电流的方向布置在被划分为三个电流传导路径26u、26v、26w的上游。如果在三个绕组u、v、w之一中出现如下高感应电流,在该感应电流处超过单个抑制器二极管28的电压阈值,则该电流通过与分配给相的二极管27u、27v、27w的以及与单个抑制器二极管28的并联连接被传导经过相应的安全开关19、20、21。

Claims (8)

1.一种机电式机动车辆动力转向系统,其具有多相永磁激励电动马达(9),所述多相永磁激励电动马达(9)能够经由控制器(12)和来自机动车辆的车载DC电力供应的供应线(13+,13-)进行操作,其中,所述电动马达(9)具有至少三个相绕组(u,v,w),所述至少三个相绕组(u,v,w)经由线(16,17,18)连接至驱动器电路,其中,所述驱动器电路根据所述控制器将所述线(16,17,18)中的每一条经由第一组的相应第一MOSFET(14u,14v,14w)连接至正供应线(14+)并且经由第二组的相应第二MOSFET(15u,15v,15w)连接至负供应线(14-),并且其中,每条线具有MOSFET(19,20,21)作为安全开关,所述MOSFET(19,20,21)布置有沿相对于所述车载电力供应的正向传导方向的体二极管,其特征在于,每个安全开关(19,20,21)具有保护装置(25),所述保护装置(25)包括:至少一个抑制器二极管(28u,28v,28w),所述至少一个抑制器二极管(28u,28v,28w)与相应的安全开关(19,20,21)并联连接并且沿相对于所述车载电力供应的正向传导方向布置;以及对于每个相绕组(u,v,w)的二极管(27u,27v,27w),所述二极管(27u,27v,27w)相对于所述至少一个抑制器二极管(28u,28v,28w)串联连接并且沿相对于所述车载电力供应的反向方向连接。
2.根据权利要求1所述的机电式机动车辆动力转向系统,其特征在于,所述至少一个抑制器二极管(28u,28v,28w)是单向的。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的机电式机动车辆动力转向系统,其特征在于,所述至少一个抑制器二极管(28u,28v,28w)被配置成使得当存在超过电压阈值的感应电流时,所述电流被传导经过所述安全开关(19,20,21)。
4.根据前述权利要求中的一项所述的机电式机动车辆动力转向系统,其特征在于,相对于所述车载电力供应,所述第一组(14u,14v,14w)的MOSFET和所述第二组(15u,15v,15w)的MOSFET布置有沿反向方向的它们的体二极管。
5.根据前述权利要求中的一项所述的机电式机动车辆动力转向系统,其特征在于,所述保护装置(25)布置在将所述正供应线(13+)连接至相应的安全开关(19,20,21)和相关联的马达绕组(u,v,w)的公共连接点的电流传导路径(26u,26v,26w)中。
6.根据前述权利要求1至5中的一项所述的机电式机动车辆动力转向系统,其特征在于,所述保护装置(25)布置在将所述负供应线(13-)连接至相应的安全开关(19,20,21)和相关联的马达绕组(u,v,w)的公共连接点的电流传导路径(26u,26v,26w)中。
7.根据权利要求5或6所述的机电式机动车辆动力转向系统,其特征在于,所述机电式机动车辆动力转向系统对于每个相绕组(u,v,w)而言在所述电流传导路径(26u,26v,26w)中具有抑制器二极管(28u,28v,28w)。
8.根据权利要求5或6所述的机电式机动车辆动力转向系统,其特征在于,所述机电式机动车辆动力转向系统具有单个抑制器二极管(28),所述单个抑制器二极管(28)布置在所述电流传导路径(26u,26v,26w)的公共连接点的上游。
CN201980040751.7A 2018-06-21 2019-06-18 用于机电式机动车辆转向系统的电动马达的半导体开关的保护装置 Pending CN112313850A (zh)

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