CN112299780B - Assembled shell fixing plate, and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Assembled shell fixing plate, and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112299780B CN112299780B CN202011172481.6A CN202011172481A CN112299780B CN 112299780 B CN112299780 B CN 112299780B CN 202011172481 A CN202011172481 A CN 202011172481A CN 112299780 B CN112299780 B CN 112299780B
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
- C04B28/04—Portland cements
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G33/00—Cultivation of seaweed or algae
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
- C04B2111/00758—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 for agri-, sylvi- or piscicultural or cattle-breeding applications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
- C04B2201/20—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the density
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
- C04B2201/50—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the mechanical strength
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Seaweed (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an assembled shell fixing plate, a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the field of preparation of functional materials. The shell fixing plate is a rectangular cement plate prefabricated and formed by a foamed cement base plate, a plurality of fixing grooves matched with the external contour of the shell are uniformly distributed on the rectangular cement plate, and metal screws are embedded at the bottoms of the fixing grooves. More tricarboxyl, sulfydryl and polyoxyethylene group side chains are introduced into the functional group of the carboxylic acid water reducing agent; because the carboxyl surfaces of the carboxylic acid water reducing agent and the hydroxymethyl cellulose contain a large amount of longer polar groups, the carboxyl surfaces are mutually interwoven to form a three-dimensional network structure; meanwhile, an electrostatic repulsion effect is provided for dispersing cement particles, the higher dispersing performance of the foamed cement is ensured, and the chemical bonding force between organic molecules and a cement matrix is obviously enhanced; the mechanical strength of the foamed cement per unit weight is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of functional material preparation, and particularly relates to an assembled shell fixing plate, and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
Seafood laver culture has been widely developed in the eastern coastal areas of China. The laver product is also popular with consumers. The market vitality is vigorous, but the seedling raising process in the initial stage of laver culture is very complicated, the efficiency is low, the process is backward, and the market demand can not be met far away. The problem to be solved is that a novel seedling substrate which is ecological and environment-friendly, greatly improves the efficiency, and can be adapted to the ecological environment required by the development and growth of laver seedlings is researched and developed.
The seedling cell seeds of the laver are very tiny and can be observed under a microscope generally, in a marine environment, the cell seeds of the laver organism generally parasitize in a shell structure of the shellfish to grow and develop, and obviously, the shells are used as growth bases of the laver seeds. The growth process of the laver cell can be divided into: the cell seed penetrates through the cross-linked thin layer on the surface of the pearl layer and the pearl layer to permeate into the middle layer of the shell, organic matter elements and inorganic salt elements in the shell growth base are absorbed at the position of a gap of a prism as nutrition for growth and development of the cell of the laver seed, and the cell seed grows and matures to finally become laver seedling which is separated from the growth base shell after a period of time of growth and development under the action of seawater and proper illumination, and the laver seedling is moved to a marine culture farm from a seedling culture plant after being dissociated in seawater. In the seed cultivation process, the shell is used as a generation base, and the cross-linked thin-layer capillary pores of the pearl layer can shrink and expand when the parameters of seawater, illumination and time are proper, so that the seeds can pass through the pores and then are closed, and the seeds are protected in a closed environment generated by the prismatic-layer spiral dwelling. The structure of the middle layer not only provides space for the seeds, but also provides rich nutrition for the development of the seeds, so the cultivation process of the laver seedlings is the ecological reproduction process of marine organisms, and the principle is the parasitic development principle.
Through the research of the applicant, the existing laver seedling raising process has the following problems and disadvantages: the conventional laver seedling raising process is characterized in that shells of seed growth bases are regularly placed in a seedling raising pool manually, a large amount of labor is inevitably consumed when scattered and large amount of shell pieces are placed in a concentrated mode in the labor process, and in 6 months when the shells are planted initially and grow slowly, the shell surface dirt needs to be cleaned, and the process of repeatedly circulating and recombining the shells from scattering to scattering and recombining (4-6 times) is required. A large amount of labor is consumed in each single cycle, and more labor is consumed in the whole seedling growth period in an accumulated mode.
Therefore, the conventional laver seedling raising process is complicated, laggard, low in efficiency and high in labor consumption, and is a problem and a defect existing in the conventional laver seed seedling raising. Therefore, the applicant develops the assembly type shell fixing plate which can be assembled and combined, reduces labor intensity, can be repeatedly used and reduces cost.
However, the nursery pond has limited space and is not suitable for mechanized transportation, so that the nursery pond is more suitable for manual transportation and installation, the volume weight of the cement board is slightly larger than that of the seawater with the density of 1030kg/m, and the weight is reduced to the maximum extent on the premise of not floating so as to be convenient for manual transportation and assembly. Therefore, a lightweight and high-strength shell fixing plate is urgently needed to reduce the labor intensity of workers.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: provided are an assembled shell fixing plate, a preparation method and an application thereof, which solve the problems involved in the background art.
The technical scheme is as follows: the invention provides an assembled shell fixing plate which is a rectangular cement plate prefabricated and formed by adopting a foamed cement substrate, wherein a plurality of fixing grooves matched with the external contour of a shell are uniformly distributed on the rectangular cement plate, and metal screws are embedded at the bottoms of the fixing grooves.
In the example, the laver is cultivated from the seed cell to the laver seedling, the shell growth base completes the parasitic mission, the next laver seed cell seedling period cannot be reused, the new shell needs to be replaced, if the method of directly fixing the shell on the foamed cement substrate is not used for one time in the next period, the shell can be directly embedded when the prefabricated foamed cement substrate is poured, but the method is not economical. Therefore, the invention can fix the shell by the pre-embedded screw, unscrew the nut in the next period, remove the shell and replace the new shell with the punched hole, thereby achieving the purpose that the cement foaming substrate can be used in the next period, even in the next periods.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the assembly type shell fixing plate, which comprises the following steps:
s1, designing a special concrete cover plate mould, and uniformly distributing a plurality of shell-shaped bulges above the mould;
s2, pre-burying a metal screw in a special concrete cover plate mold, performing one-step prefabrication and molding of the foamed cement to form a rectangular cement plate, and fixing the shell profile and the metal screw on a cement base plate main structure;
and S3, removing the mold after pouring, and curing and finishing the cement board.
In an embodiment, a reusable cement base plate is prepared based on a fabricated shell holding plate. Based on the preparation method, the foamed cement substrate can be prefabricated and molded at one time by using the shaping plastic die in a factory in a cement product factory, and the shells are fixed on the main structure of the substrate, so that the mature process is easy to realize.
In a further embodiment, the rectangular cement board is subjected to weight by volume gamma of 1100-1200 kg/m; the cement slabs were in the form of cubes with dimensions of 0.6 x 0.04 m.
So set up, the volume weight and the size of control foaming cement board are convenient for carry, put. The nursery pond has limited space and is not suitable for mechanical transportation, so the nursery pond is more manually transported and installed, the volume weight of the cement board is slightly larger than that of seawater with the density of 1030kg/m, and the weight is reduced to the maximum extent on the premise of not floating so as to facilitate manual transportation and assembly.
In a further embodiment, the foamed cement comprises the following components in parts by mass: 7.32-9.15% of cement; 1.79-2.24 parts of secondary fly ash; 1.89-2.37 parts of fine sand; 4.66-5.83 parts of ceramsite; 0.108-0.136 of water reducing agent; 0.108 to 0.136 parts of organic high molecular polymer; 1.76-2.20 parts of organic foaming agent; the water-cement ratio was 0.45. Wherein the cement is PO52.5 portland cement; the particle size of the fine sand is less than 1 mm; the particle size of the ceramsite is 0.5-1.5; the organic foaming agent is sodium dodecyl sulfate sulfonate foaming liquid.
By the arrangement, the mechanical strength of the foamed cement board is ensured when the volume weight of the foamed cement board is reduced. In order to ensure that the cement base plate can be used repeatedly, the foamed cement plate needs to have excellent durability, is not easy to damage, and can be assembled for multiple times without damage. Multiple experiments prove that the volume weight gamma of the test product obtained under the process conditions is 1100-1200 kg/m for carrying out the dry distillationHas a strength delta of 10.6N/mm2And meets the design requirement.
In a further embodiment, the water reducer is a carboxylic acid water reducer; the organic high molecular polymer is hydroxymethyl cellulose organic high molecular.
By the arrangement, the mechanical strength of the foamed cement per unit weight is improved, namely the ratio of the strength to the specific volume is improved. Because the carboxyl surfaces of the carboxylic acid water reducing agent and the hydroxymethyl cellulose contain a large number of longer polar groups, the carboxyl surfaces are interwoven to form a three-dimensional network structure. Meanwhile, the polyoxyethylene group side chains in the molecular structures of the carboxylic acid water reducing agent and the hydroxymethyl cellulose can provide enough steric hindrance, provide an electrostatic repulsion effect for dispersing cement particles, ensure higher dispersing performance of the foamed cement, and improve the chemical bonding force between organic molecules and a cement matrix to be obviously enhanced; the strength of the foamed cement is improved.
In a further embodiment, the carboxylic acid water reducing agent has the structural formula:
wherein R1 is one of H, alkyl chain and hydroxyl; r2 is one of sulfonic acid group, phosphoric acid group or amide group; n is 25 to 40, m is 35 to 55, and a, b, c and d are positive integers.
By the arrangement, the mechanical strength of the foamed cement per unit weight is improved, namely the ratio of the strength to the specific volume is improved. The carboxylic acid water reducing agent is further designed, functional groups are adjusted, more various structures such as dicarboxyl, tricarboxy, sulfonic group, amide group, anionic group and the like are introduced into the functional groups while large-volume side chains are reserved, and the synergistic effect between the carboxylic acid water reducing agent and the hydroxymethyl cellulose organic polymer is further improved.
The invention also provides an application of the assembled shell fixing plate as a substrate in constructing a laver seedling pool, wherein the seedling pool comprises:
the nursery pond body comprises a floor and a pond wall which are made of cement concrete;
the shell fixing plates are arranged on the floor in order until the bottom of the seedling raising pool is fully paved;
when the seedling raising pond is in a working state, shells are fixedly arranged in the fixing grooves in a detachable installation mode, the shell fixing plates fixed with the shells are placed and arranged to the square frames, and the bottoms of the seedling raising ponds are fully paved.
So set up, improve shell and lay efficiency, the base plate can reuse, and economy is outstanding. Because the shell fixing plate has a regular geometric body, the shell fixing plate can be conveniently and quickly laid in the process of being placed in the seedling raising pool, shells do not need to be scattered like the traditional process, the labor and time are wasted, the efficiency is low, according to actual measurement and calculation, the novel assembled laver seedling raising base plate only paves the shells in one link, and the efficiency can be improved by more than 300%; when a laver seedling raising period is finished, the shells can be replaced manually, the base plate can be reused, and the economy are outstanding.
In a further embodiment, in the process of a growth cycle of a laver seedling, the matched laver seedling substrate needs to be cleaned for 2-5 times, wherein the substrate does not need to be disassembled and assembled in the first 1-3 times of cleaning, and the substrate is directly washed by proper pressure water; and (4) after 1-2 times, draining the water in the pool, taking the substrates one by one, cleaning the pools, and combining and assembling the substrates in the pools.
By the arrangement, the cleaning efficiency of the matched laver seedling substrate is improved. In the growth process of the laver seedlings, in 6 months from initial planting to slow seedling growth, the circulation (4-6 times) from scattering and recombining the shells to scattering and recombining again needs to be repeated for cleaning the dirt on the surfaces of the shells. A large amount of labor is consumed in each single cycle, and more labor is consumed in the whole seedling growth period in an accumulated mode. And the assembled laver seedling substrate can be washed by water under proper pressure for 1-3 times before, the substrate is not required to be disassembled and washed, the water in the pool can be completely drained after the shells are required to be deeply cleaned for 1-2 times, and the substrates are taken out of the pool one by one and are combined and assembled in the pool after being washed. Because the base plate is a complete geometric body, the assembling labor intensity is lower, and the efficiency can be improved by 300 percent compared with the traditional process.
Has the advantages that: the invention relates to an assembled shell fixing plate, a preparation method and application thereof, wherein more tricarboxyl, sulfydryl and polyoxyethylene group side chains are introduced into a functional group of a carboxylic acid water reducing agent; because the carboxyl surfaces of the carboxylic acid water reducing agent and the hydroxymethyl cellulose contain a large number of longer polar groups, the carboxyl surfaces are interwoven to form a three-dimensional network structure. Meanwhile, the polyoxyethylene group side chains in the molecular structures of the carboxylic acid water reducing agent and the hydroxymethyl cellulose can provide enough steric hindrance, provide an electrostatic repulsion effect for dispersing cement particles, ensure higher dispersing performance of the foamed cement, and improve the chemical bonding force between organic molecules and a cement matrix to be obviously enhanced; the mechanical strength of the foamed cement per unit weight is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the growth of cells of Porphyra haitanensis into seedlings.
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a laver nursery pond filled with shells artificially in the prior art.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing that an assembled shell fixing plate is spread in a laver culturing tank in the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of the assembly-type shell fixing plate according to the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a real object diagram of the assembled shell holder plate according to the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a pictorial view of the assembled large clam shell fixing plate of the present invention.
The reference signs are: the seedling raising pond comprises a seed cell A, a seedling B, a horny layer C, a prismatic layer D, a pearl layer E, a seedling raising pond 1, a shell fixing plate 2, a shell 3, a shell fixing plate 21, a fixing groove 22 and a screw 23.
Detailed Description
Seafood laver culture has been widely developed in the eastern coastal areas of China. The laver product is also popular with consumers. The market vitality is vigorous, but the seedling raising process in the initial stage of laver culture is very complicated, the efficiency is low, the process is backward, and the market demand can not be met far away. The problem to be solved is to develop a novel seedling B substrate which is ecological, environment-friendly, greatly improves the efficiency and can be adapted to the ecological environment required by the development and growth of the laver seedling B.
Firstly, selecting a growth base of a laver cell species: in the traditional process, natural shell 3 is selected as a parasitic growth base of the laver seed cell A, and is mature, reliable, safe and effective in practice. The shell 3 is naturally produced from aquatic shellfish, and is made of special and complex biological material formed by combining organic, inorganic and various trace elements according to a certain scientific proportion. Referring to fig. 1, the structure of a shell is generally made up of three layers: horny layer C composed of outermost layer of hard protein; the intermediate layer is a prismatic layer D consisting of calcite or schlieren crystals, and mainly provides hardness and corrosion resistance for the shells; the innermost layer is a nacreous layer E, which provides hardness and toughness to the shell, and is generally composed of CaCO such as calcite or aragonite3Mineral (inorganic phase) and organic (organic phase). The special three-layer structure of the shell 3 is unique, so that in the seed cultivation process, the shell is used as a generation base, and the cross-linked thin-layer capillary pores of the pearl layer E can be contracted and expanded when the parameters of seawater, illumination and time are proper, so that the seeds can pass through the pores and then are closed, and the closed environment generated by the seeds in the prismatic layer D in the spiral dwelling is protected. The structure of the middle layer not only provides space for seeds, but also provides rich nutrition for seed development. The material attribute and the structural characteristic of the shell 3 have extremely strong adaptability with the sea, the water environment, the illumination, the temperature, the laver cell growth, the cultivation and the seedling BB, the complexity brings difficulty for the ecological bionics to search for a new material and a new structure for replacing the functions of the shell 3, and no new substance can be successfully replaced in the world at present, so that the method still selects the natural shell 3 as the growth base of the laver cell A by utilizing the traditional process before the new material and the new structure for replacing the shell 3 are not searched and developed.
Referring to fig. 2, the conventional industrial seedling raising apparatus for laver includes: the plant is in rain-sheltering immersion, the roof structure can provide sunlight to irradiate the seedling raising pool 1, and the plant can be in a steel structure or a reinforced concrete structure; the nursery pond 1 is made of reinforced concrete, can prevent leakage and change water for drainage, and the common area of one nursery pond 1 is about 50 square meters and the depth is about 0.5m according to the span of a plant. The seedling raising process comprises the following steps: cleaning a water pool → manually placing the shells 3 → injecting proper seawater into the pool → injecting laver seed cells into the pool → raising the pool (for several days) → draining → manually cleaning the shells 3 sediments → manually putting the shells again → injecting water into the pool → sequentially and circularly doing 3-5 times until the seedlings B grow out → emergence of seedlings.
Therefore, the conventional laver seedling raising process needs to place the shells 3 of the seed growth base regularly in the seedling raising pool 1, a large amount of labor is inevitably consumed when scattered and large numbers of shells 3 are placed in a centralized manner in the labor process, and in 6 months when the shells are planted in the early stage and grow slowly, the circulation from scattering and recombining the shells 3 to scattering and recombining is repeatedly circulated (4-6 times) because dirt on the surfaces of the shells 3 needs to be cleaned. Each single cycle consumes a great amount of labor, and the accumulated labor consumption of the whole seedling B in the growth period is more. Therefore, the conventional laver seedling raising process is complicated, laggard, low in efficiency and high in labor consumption, and is a problem and a defect existing in the conventional laver seed seedling raising.
In order to release seedling workers from heavy physical labor, the traditional seedling raising process can be improved, the original backward process is innovated, and a new process and a new method which are suitable for cell seedling raising of the purple vegetables, simplified in process and improved in efficiency are created. Referring to fig. 3, the present invention combines and fixes the arrangement of the growth substrate (shell 3). Firstly, dividing and arranging the shells 3 into parts, specifically, dividing the original seedling pool into about 50 square meters and a plurality of 0.6 multiplied by 0.6m squares (the size of a floor tile is convenient to carry and place with manpower) to change the shells 3 distributed in the original large pool into the arrangement of the shells 3 in a plurality of small rectangular blocks; fixing the shells 3 in the rectangular small square blocks.
Referring to fig. 4, the present invention relates to a fabricated laver seedling substrate, comprising: the shell fixing plate 21 is a rectangular cement plate prefabricated and formed by adopting a foamed cement substrate; the fixing grooves 22 are uniformly distributed on the shell fixing plate 2, and the shape of the fixing grooves is adapted to the external contour of the shell 3; when the shell holder is used, the shell 3 is fixedly arranged in the fixing groove 22 in a detachable installation mode, and the shell 3 is taken down and replaced by a new shell 3 in the next period.
In this example, the laver is cultivated from the seed cell to the laver seedling B, the shell 3 growth base completes the parasitic mission, the next laver seed cell seedling period cannot be reused, the new shell 3 needs to be replaced, if the method of directly fixing the shell 3 on the foaming cement substrate is not recycled for one-time use in the next period, the shell 3 can be directly embedded when the prefabricated foaming cement substrate is poured, but the method is not economical. Therefore, the invention adopts the detachable installation mode to fixedly install the shell 3 in the fixed groove 22, when the next period is waited, the shell 3 is taken down, and the new shell 3 is replaced, thereby achieving the purpose that the cement foaming substrate can be used in the next period, even in the next period.
In a further embodiment, a metal screw 23 is embedded at the bottom of the fixing groove 22; in the working state, the shell 3 is drilled with a hole by hand, and the shell 3 with the hole is installed on the embedded screw rod 23 and fixed through the nut.
So set up, solved only the circulation change shell 3 and not changed the economic problem of fixed plate. The shell 3 is fixed through the embedded screw, the nut is unscrewed after the next period, the shell 3 is taken down, and the punched new shell 3 is replaced, so that the problem that the cement substrate cannot be reused is solved, and the economical efficiency are outstanding.
In a further embodiment, the foamed cement board is one of a ceramsite foamed cement board or an aerated cement board.
The process is mature and easy to realize. The floor and wall materials of the laver seedling raising pond 1 in the prior art are all cement concrete materials. Therefore, the cement concrete material is harmless to all elements of laver seedling culture such as shell 3 laver cell, seawater, temperature and the like, and has strong adaptability, so that cement products are determined to be selected as the fixing substrate material of the shell 3, and the ceramsite foam cement board or the aerated cement board has lighter volume weight compared with other types of cement products, and is convenient to carry and place.
In a further embodiment, the rectangular cement board is subjected to weight by volume gamma of 1100-1200 kg/m; the cement slabs were in the form of cubes with dimensions of 0.6 x 0.04 m.
So set up, the volume weight and the size of control foaming cement board are convenient for carry, put. The nursery pond has limited space and is not suitable for mechanical transportation, so the nursery pond is more manually transported and installed, the volume weight of the cement board is slightly larger than that of seawater with the density of 1030kg/m, and the weight is reduced to the maximum extent on the premise of not floating so as to facilitate manual transportation and assembly. And the cement board is a complete geometric body, the assembling labor intensity is low, and the efficiency can be improved by 300 percent compared with the traditional process.
In the course of further research, a reusable cement substrate was prepared. The invention also provides a preparation method of the assembled laver seedling substrate, which comprises the following steps: designing a special concrete cover plate mould, and uniformly distributing a plurality of shell-shaped bulges above the mould; then pre-embedding a metal screw in a special concrete cover plate mould, then prefabricating and forming the foamed cement to form a shell fixing plate at one time, fixing the shell contour and the metal screw on a cement base plate main structure, dismantling the mould after pouring is completed, and maintaining and finishing the cement plate.
In an embodiment, a reusable cement substrate is prepared. The laver is cultivated from the seed cells to the laver seedlings, the shell growth base completes the parasitic mission, the next laver seed cell seedling period cannot be used repeatedly, the new shell needs to be replaced, if the shell is directly fixed on the foaming cement base plate, if the shell is not used for one time in the next period, the shell can be directly embedded when the prefabricated foaming cement base plate is poured, but the method is not economical. Therefore, the invention fixes the shell by the embedded screw, unscrews the nut in the next period, takes off the shell and replaces the new shell with the punched hole, thereby solving the problem that the cement substrate can not be reused.
In a further embodiment, the formula of the foamed cement comprises the following components in parts by mass: 7.32-9.15% of cement; 1.79-2.24 parts of secondary fly ash; 1.89-2.37 parts of fine sand; 4.66-5.83 parts of ceramsite; 0.108-0.136 of water reducing agent; 0.108 to 0.136 parts of organic high molecular polymer; 1.76-2.20 parts of organic foaming agent; the water-cement ratio was 0.45. Wherein the cement is PO52.5 portland cement; the particle size of the fine sand is less than 1 mm; the particle size of the ceramsite is 0.5-1.5; the water reducing agent is a carboxylic acid water reducing agent; the organic high molecular polymer is hydroxymethyl cellulose organic high molecular; the organic foaming agent is sodium dodecyl sulfate sulfonate foaming liquid.
By the arrangement, the mechanical strength of the foamed cement board is ensured when the volume weight of the foamed cement board is reduced. In order to ensure that the cement base plate can be used repeatedly, the foamed cement plate needs to have excellent durability, is not easy to damage, and can be assembled for multiple times without damage. Multiple experiments prove that the volume weight gamma of the test product obtained under the process conditions is between 1100 and 1200kg/m for carrying out the high-strength thin film bearing high-strength high2And meets the design requirement.
The invention also provides application of the assembled laver seedling substrate in seedling and cultivation of laver seeds. The using method of the assembled laver seedling raising substrate comprises the following steps:
So set up, improve shell and lay efficiency, the base plate can reuse, and economy is outstanding. Because the shell fixing plate has a regular geometric body, the shell fixing plate can be conveniently and quickly laid in the process of being placed in the seedling raising pool, shells do not need to be scattered like the traditional process, the labor and time are wasted, the efficiency is low, according to actual measurement and calculation, the novel assembled laver seedling raising base plate only paves the shells in one link, and the efficiency can be improved by more than 300%; when a laver seedling raising period is finished, the shells can be replaced manually, the base plate can be reused, and the economy are outstanding.
In a further embodiment, in the process of a growth cycle of a laver seedling, the matched laver seedling substrate needs to be cleaned for 2-5 times, wherein the substrate does not need to be disassembled and assembled in the first 1-3 times of cleaning, and the substrate is directly washed by proper pressure water; and (4) after 1-2 times, draining the water in the pool, taking the substrates one by one, cleaning the pools, and combining and assembling the substrates in the pools.
By the arrangement, the cleaning efficiency of the matched laver seedling substrate is improved. In the growth process of the laver seedlings, in 6 months from initial planting to slow seedling growth, the circulation (4-6 times) from scattering and recombining the shells to scattering and recombining again needs to be repeated for cleaning the dirt on the surfaces of the shells. A large amount of labor is consumed in each single cycle, and more labor is consumed in the whole seedling growth period in an accumulated mode. And the assembled laver seedling substrate can be washed by water under proper pressure for 1-3 times before, the substrate is not required to be disassembled and washed, the water in the pool can be completely drained after the shells are required to be deeply cleaned for 1-2 times, and the substrates are taken out of the pool one by one and are combined and assembled in the pool after being washed. Because the base plate is a complete geometric body, the assembling labor intensity is lower, and the efficiency can be improved by 300 percent compared with the traditional process.
In order to obtain a foamed cement board with smaller capacity and higher strength, the applicant further studies the formulation of the foamed water board. In the orthogonal experiment, the optimized formula is found that: when the water reducer carboxylic acid water reducer is adopted, the organic high molecular polymer is a hydroxymethyl cellulose organic high polymer, and a synergistic effect can be generated between the water reducer and the organic high molecular polymer, so that the foamed cement substrate has a stronger mechanical structure under the condition of the same volume. If the single-component water-based paint is used alone, the best effect cannot be achieved.
The applicant has analyzed the mechanism structurally as follows: because the carboxyl surfaces of the carboxylic acid water reducing agent and the hydroxymethyl cellulose contain a large number of longer polar groups, the carboxyl surfaces are interwoven to form a three-dimensional network structure. Meanwhile, the polyoxyethylene group side chains in the molecular structures of the carboxylic acid water reducing agent and the hydroxymethyl cellulose can provide enough steric hindrance, provide an electrostatic repulsion effect for dispersing cement particles, ensure higher dispersing performance of the foamed cement, and improve the chemical bonding force between organic molecules and a cement matrix to be obviously enhanced; the strength of the foamed cement is improved.
Based on the guess, the applicant further designs the carboxylic acid water reducing agent according to the principle of determining the function by the structure, adjusts the functional groups, and introduces more various structures such as dicarboxyl, tricarboxy, sulfonic group, amide group, anionic group and the like into the functional groups while keeping the large-volume side chain so as to improve the synergistic effect between the carboxylic acid water reducing agent and the hydroxymethyl cellulose organic polymer. Through experimental comparison, the formula of the carboxylate water reducing agent preferred by the applicant is as follows:
wherein R1 is one of H, alkyl chain and hydroxyl; r2 is one of sulfonic acid group, phosphoric acid group or amide group; n is 25 to 40, m is 35 to 55, and a, b, c and d are positive integers.
The invention will now be further described with reference to the following examples, which are intended to be illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
Example N1 to example N6
In the embodiment N1-N3, the big shell is fixed in the plastic mould; in examples N4 to N6, the shells were fixed by a plastic mold. In examples N1 to N6, the cement was PO52.5 portland cement; the particle size of the fine sand is less than 1 mm; the particle size of the ceramsite is 0.5-1.5; the organic foaming agent is sodium dodecyl sulfate sulfonate foaming liquid.
When N =1, the water reducing agent is a TPEG type carboxylic acid water reducing agent, and the structural formula is as follows:
wherein M is a metal ion bonded to a carboxylate; n is 30-60, m is 30-60; x and y are positive integers, and x: y = 1: (2-3); the organic high molecular polymer is hydroxymethyl cellulose organic high molecular.
When N =2, the water reducing agent is a modified carboxylic acid water reducing agent, and the specific synthesis process thereof can be found in a patent (patent number: 201510308918.7), and the structural formula thereof is as follows:
wherein n is 25-40, M is 35-55, a, b, c and d are positive integers, and M is a monovalent cation; the organic high molecular polymer is hydroxymethyl cellulose organic high molecular.
When N =3, the water reducing agent is a modified carboxylic acid water reducing agent, and the specific synthesis process can be referred to a patent (patent number: 201510308918.7), wherein formic acid is used for replacing aconitic acid, and sulfonic acid is used for replacing 3-thioglycolic acid. The structural formula is as follows:
wherein n is 25-40, M is 35-55, a, b, c and d are positive integers, and M is a monovalent cation; the organic high molecular polymer is hydroxymethyl cellulose organic high molecular.
When N =4, the water reducing agent is a lignosulfonate water reducing agent; the organic high molecular polymer is hydroxymethyl cellulose organic high molecular.
When N =5, the water reducing agent is a carboxylic acid water reducing agent TPEG type carboxylic acid water reducing agent; the organic high molecular polymer is polyester fiber organic high molecular.
Experimental results for examples N1-N6: wherein, table 1 shows the medium capacity detection data of the cement substrate obtained in each example; table 2 shows the data of the medium strength test of the cement boards obtained in the examples.
Table 1:
table 2:
from the above data, it can be seen that, when the water reducing agent of the present invention, especially the water reducing agent of carboxylic acid used in embodiments 31 to 36, the organic high molecular polymer is a hydroxymethyl cellulose organic high molecular polymer, and the water reducing agent and the organic high molecular polymer can generate a synergistic effect, so that the foamed cement substrate has a stronger mechanical structure under the condition of the same volume. If the single-component water reducer is used alone, the best effect cannot be achieved, and the data show that the effect is obviously better than the using effect of the water reducer and the organic high molecular polymer in other types.
It should be noted that the various features described in the above embodiments may be combined in any suitable manner without departing from the scope of the invention. The invention is not described in detail in order to avoid unnecessary repetition.
Claims (6)
1. An assembled shell fixing plate is characterized in that the shell fixing plate is a rectangular cement plate prefabricated and formed by a foamed cement substrate, a plurality of fixing grooves matched with the external contour of a shell are uniformly distributed on the rectangular cement plate, and metal screws are embedded at the bottoms of the fixing grooves;
carrying out prefabrication molding on the rectangular cement plate by adopting foamed cement, wherein the volume weight gamma of the rectangular cement plate is 1100-1200 kg/m;
the foaming cement comprises the following components in parts by weight: 7.32-9.15% of cement; 1.79-2.24 parts of secondary fly ash; 1.89-2.37 parts of fine sand; 4.66-5.83 parts of ceramsite; 0.108-0.136 of water reducing agent; 0.108 to 0.136 parts of organic high molecular polymer; 1.76-2.20 parts of organic foaming agent;
the water reducing agent is a carboxylic acid water reducing agent, and the structural formula of the water reducing agent is as follows:
wherein R1 is one of H, alkyl chain and hydroxyl; r2 is one of sulfonic acid group, phosphoric acid group or amide group; n is 25-40, m is 35-55, and a, b, c and d are positive integers;
the organic high molecular polymer is hydroxymethyl cellulose organic high molecular.
2. The fabricated shell holding plate of claim 1, wherein the rectangular cement plate has a size of a cube of 0.6 x 0.04 m.
3. The fabricated shell holding plate of claim 1, wherein the cement is p.o52.5 portland cement; the particle size of the fine sand is less than 1 mm; the particle size of the ceramsite is 0.5-1.5.
4. The fabricated shell holder plate according to claim 1, wherein the organic foaming agent is a sodium dodecyl sulfate sulfonate foaming liquid.
5. The preparation method of the assembled shell fixing plate according to any one of claims 1 to 4, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, designing a special concrete cover plate mould, and uniformly distributing a plurality of shell-shaped bulges above the mould;
s2, pre-burying a metal screw in a special concrete cover plate mold, performing one-step prefabrication and molding of the foamed cement to form a rectangular cement plate, and fixing the shell profile and the metal screw on a cement base plate main structure;
and S3, removing the mold after pouring, and curing and finishing the cement board.
6. Use of the fabricated shell fixing plate according to any one of claims 1 to 4 as a base plate in constructing a laver nursery pond, wherein the nursery pond comprises:
the nursery pond body comprises a floor and a pond wall which are made of cement concrete;
the shell fixing plates are arranged on the floor in order until the bottom of the seedling raising pool is fully paved;
when the seedling raising pond is in a working state, shells are fixedly arranged in the fixing grooves in a detachable installation mode, the shell fixing plates fixed with the shells are placed and arranged to the square frames, and the bottoms of the seedling raising ponds are fully paved.
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