CN112260745A - Rapid access method for low-earth-orbit satellite system - Google Patents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
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- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/14—Relay systems
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- H04B7/185—Space-based or airborne stations; Stations for satellite systems
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- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/14—Relay systems
- H04B7/15—Active relay systems
- H04B7/185—Space-based or airborne stations; Stations for satellite systems
- H04B7/1853—Satellite systems for providing telephony service to a mobile station, i.e. mobile satellite service
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
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- H04B7/185—Space-based or airborne stations; Stations for satellite systems
- H04B7/1853—Satellite systems for providing telephony service to a mobile station, i.e. mobile satellite service
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Abstract
The invention discloses a quick access method facing a low-orbit satellite system, which designs a low-orbit satellite transmission air interface frame structure, physically divides a satellite air interface channel, realizes the separation of control and a data channel, carries out fine-grained design on a scheduling unit, divides a plurality of micro control scheduling units, takes the scheduling unit as an interval, and a gateway station carries out quick grant of data channel resources to a user station, reduces the competition and application process of the user station resources, realizes the real-time distribution of the satellite reverse link wireless resources by the gateway station, achieves the aim of quick data transmission, and reduces the network delay of a wireless side.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of low-earth-orbit satellite communication, in particular to a quick access method for a low-earth-orbit satellite system, which ensures quick access of a low-earth-orbit satellite subscriber station and low-delay transmission of services.
Background
In recent years, satellite communication systems are continuously developed, particularly low-broadband orbit satellites are widely concerned by people, research and application of the low-broadband orbit satellites become strategic development focuses of all countries, the satellite mobile communication systems expand geographic coverage and service coverage of land mobile communication systems, and the low-broadband orbit satellites have irreplaceable functions and important meanings in the aspects of dual-purpose use of military and civil, peacetime and war combination, emergency communication and the like. With the continuous development of satellite application, people put forward higher requirements on low-delay transmission of satellites, the large delay of satellite communication is always the weak point of satellite communication, the requirements of wireless transmission of real-time application scenes such as unmanned driving, real-time monitoring and remote hospitals cannot be met, rapid channel allocation is the key content of a low-orbit satellite broadband mobile communication system, the real-time performance of service transmission can be guaranteed, and the utilization rate of wireless resources of satellite channels is improved.
The conventional access reverse link resource allocation method includes: allocating resources in a time division manner by utilizing a Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) manner, wherein a time domain corresponds to resources occupied by users; resources are distributed by using a CDMA (code division multiple access) mode, and a user avoids resource collision by using the CDMA mode; allocating resources by using an FTDMA (frequency division multiple access) mode, and allocating a fixed frequency domain and a time domain for a user; by using a bandwidth request granting mode, such as an LTE system, when a user needs to upload a service, a signal request is sent to a base station, the base station allocates a basic scheduling unit to the user after receiving the request, the user applies for a data bandwidth to the base station through the basic scheduling unit granted by the base station, and the base station performs uplink data scheduling on the user according to the bandwidth applied by the user. Although the allocation modes can solve the problem of user multiple access, the problems of serious resource waste, long transmission acquisition opportunity period, poor flexibility, insufficient real-time performance and the like exist. Especially, when a plurality of users transmit data simultaneously, the timeliness of the data and the utilization rate of the wireless resources cannot be guaranteed.
Therefore, how to provide a fast access method for a low earth orbit satellite system is a problem that needs to be solved by those skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the present invention provides a fast access method for a low earth orbit satellite system, which achieves the purpose of fast data transmission and reduces the network delay of a wireless side by allocating the wireless resources of a satellite reverse link in real time.
A quick access method facing to a low earth orbit satellite system is characterized in that an air interface frame structure suitable for satellite transmission is designed aiming at an outer synchronous network of low earth orbit satellite transparent transmission, and a satellite forward link and a satellite reverse link are divided into a plurality of transmission channels; the forward link is a link from a gateway station to a subscriber station, and is physically divided into an FBCH (channel Block channel), an FCCH (channel control channel) and an FTCH (data to channel) channel, wherein the FBCH is used for system information broadcasting, and the FCCH is used for resource scheduling request contention access transmission of the RTCH channel; FTCH is used for forward link user data transmission; the reverse link is a link from a user station to a gateway station, and is logically divided into RACH, RCCH and RTCH, wherein the RACH is used for transmitting random access information when a user starts up, an RCCH channel is used for applying for the initial bandwidth of the user, and the RTCH is used for transmitting the data of the reverse link user; the fast access facing the low earth orbit satellite system specifically comprises:
s1: after the user station is started, the second pulse of the BDS module is used as a synchronization mode to realize the forward link synchronization between the user station and the gateway station;
s2: after the forward link is synchronized, the user station receives the message, and when the user station receives the synchronization information, the user station calculates the transmission lead of the reverse link of the user station according to the time Tr of receiving the synchronization information, the subframe number N and the latest pulse per second time T of the BDS module per se
Realizing the reverse link synchronization between the user station and the gateway station, the user station continuously performs the pairing according to the received synchronization information in the network process
Correcting to realize reliable transmission of reverse linkAdvance of time
The calculation method comprises the following steps:
s3: when the user station receives FBCH broadcast information, frame configuration information and a backoff value random seed V are obtained from the broadcast information, and the low earth orbit satellite air interface FTCH and the RTCH channel are configured according to the frame configuration information;
s4: after the air interface configuration of the subscriber station is completed, the subscriber station performs random access on an RACH channel, a random access request message is assembled by using a local SMAC address, a back-off value V is used as a random seed, an RACH channel time slot is randomly selected for performing competitive access, and the time advance is sent based on a reverse link
Sending an Ra _ Msg random access message in advance;
s5: the subscriber station starts a Timer Ra _ Timer =50ms, and when the Timer is full and the Ra _ rsp message is not received, the step S1 is continued;
s6: after receiving the Ra _ Msg message, the gateway station distributes a user ID for the user station, sends the Ra _ rsp message to the user station through the FTCH, starts a timer for time =500ms, and prepares for network access of the user station;
s7, in the time out time of the time timer, the gateway station periodically allocates transmission opportunity for the user in the RTCH subchannel, when allocating reverse resource, the user station does not need to make bandwidth request, the lower order coding mode is fixedly adopted, the error correction capability is enhanced, the transmission reliability is improved, the network access registration time is accelerated, the period T = T1+ T2+ T3+ T4=30ms, and the values of T1, T2, T3 and T4 are 18ms, 3.5ms, 5ms and 3.5 ms;
s8: if the time timer of the gateway station is overtime, stopping allocating the RTCH subchannel resource for the user station;
s9, the user station obtains the transmission opportunity of the RTCH subchannel and starts the timer time =500ms after sending the first network access signaling;
s10: judging whether the registration network access process is finished or whether the time timer is overtime within the overtime time of the user station timer, if not, turning to the step S7, if the time is finished, turning to the step S1, and if the registration network access process is finished, entering the post-network resource allocation process;
s11: after the registration network access process is finished, firstly, the USER _ A is registerednScheduling class users;
s111: obtaining last time slot USER _ AnUSER ID number = USER _ A after class USER scheduling is finishednEnd _ ID if USER _ AnEnd _ ID = =0, 0 indicates no USER _ anClass USER scheduling, entering S12, otherwise, for USER _ AnScheduling class users;
s112: obtaining a current RTCHfreeAnd RCfreeCase, and pair ((RTCH)free>Xunit )&（RCfree>0) ) = = 1;
s113, if true, allocating RTCH channel resources for the USER station to be scheduled, and marking the USER ID number as USER _ AnNext ID, RTCH after completion of the assignmentfree= RTCHfree–Xunit，RCfree= RCfree–1；
S114: if false, ending the time slot scheduling and updating the USER _ An_end_ID=USER_An_next_ID；
S115: updating USER _ AnNext ID is the next USER ID to be scheduled, and determines USER _ An_next_ID==USER_AnAn end _ ID, if true, the process goes to S12, if false, the process jumps to S112;
s12: for USER _ BnScheduling class users;
s121: obtaining last time slot USER _ BnUSER ID number = USER _ B after class USER scheduling is finishednEnd _ ID if USER _ BnEnd _ ID = =0, 0 indicates no USER _ BnClass USER scheduling, entering S13, otherwise, for USER _ AnScheduling class users;
s122: obtaining a current RTCHfreeAnd RCfreeCondition, and pair(RTCHfree>Zunit )&（RCfree>0) ) = = 1;
s123, if true, allocating RTCH channel resources for the USER station to be scheduled, and marking the USER ID number as USER _ BnNext ID, RTCH after completion of the assignmentfree= RTCHfree–Xunit，RCfree= RCfree–1；
S124: if false, ending the time slot scheduling and updating the USER _ Bn_end_ID=USER_Bn_next_ID；
S125: updating USER _ BnNext ID is the next USER ID to be scheduled, and USER _ B is determinedn_next_ID==USER_BnAn end _ ID, if true, the process goes to S13, if false, the process jumps to S122;
s13: for USER _ CnScheduling class users;
s131: obtaining last time slot USER _ CnUSER ID number = USER _ C after class USER scheduling is finishednEnd _ ID, if USER _ CnEnd _ ID = =0, 0 indicates no USER _ CnIf the class USER is scheduled, the scheduling of the time slot is finished, otherwise, the class USER is scheduled to the USER _ CnScheduling class users;
s132: obtaining a current RTCHfreeAnd RCfreeCase, and pair ((RTCH)free>Yunit )&（RCfree>0) ) = = 1;
s133, if true, then the USER station to be scheduled carries out RTCH channel resource allocation, and the USER ID number is marked as USER _ CnNext ID, RTCH after completion of the assignmentfree= RTCHfree–Xunit，RCfree= RCfree–1；
S134: if false, ending the time slot scheduling and updating the USER _ Cn_end_ID=USER_Cn_next_ID；
S135: updating USER _ CnNext ID is the next USER ID to be scheduled, and determines USER _ Cn_next_ID==USER_CnAn end _ ID, if true, the time slot scheduling is finished, if false, the S132 is jumped to;
s14: when the user station has data transmission, if the gateway station does not grant the reverse link resource of the RTCH channel, the user station performs competitive random access on the RCCH channel by taking the backoff value V as a random seed, and sends an RTCH channel resource scheduling request to acquire the RTCH resource scheduling opportunity of the gateway station.
The invention discloses a quick access method facing a low-orbit satellite system, which designs an air frame structure suitable for low-orbit satellite transmission aiming at an external synchronous satellite transparent forwarding network, physically divides an air interface channel of a satellite, realizes separation of a control channel and a data channel, applies for a quick bandwidth of the data channel on the control channel, and distributes wireless resources of a reverse link of the satellite in real time through quick demand feedback of a user side by a gateway station, thereby achieving the purpose of quick data transmission and reducing the time delay of a wireless side network.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a multiframe structure according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a forward link sub-frame structure according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a reverse link sub-frame structure provided by the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of fast access by a subscriber station prior to network entry;
fig. 5 is a flow chart of gateway station resource allocation after network access.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention is applied to the low-orbit satellite transparent transmission outer synchronous network, and the forward link and the reverse link of the satellite are divided into a plurality of physical channels. The multiframe structure is shown in figure 1; as shown in fig. 2, the frame structure of the forward link is divided into FBCH, FCCH and FTCH channels, where the FBCH is used for system information broadcast, and the FCCH is used for transmission of reverse link data scheduling information and power control information, so as to implement resource allocation for the reverse link data channel; FTCH is used for forward link user data transmission; the frame structure of the reverse link is shown in fig. 3, the reverse link is a link from a subscriber station to a gateway station, and is logically divided into RACH, RCCH, RTCH, and RACH, which are used for random access information transmission when a user starts up, RCCH channel used for initial bandwidth application of the user and reporting of user measurement information, and RTCH used for user data transmission of the reverse link.
S1: after the user station is started, the second pulse of the BDS module is used as a synchronization mode to realize the forward link synchronization between the user station and the gateway station, and after the forward link is synchronized, the FBCH broadcast information and the synchronization information are received;
s2: when the user station receives the synchronous information, the reverse link transmitting lead of the user station is calculated according to the time Tr of receiving the synchronous information, the subframe number N and the latest pulse per second time T of the BDS module of the user station
Realizing the reverse link synchronization between the user station and the gateway station, the user station continuously performs the pairing according to the received synchronization information in the network process
Correcting to realize reliable transmission of reverse link and forward time of transmission of reverse link
The calculation method comprises the following steps:
s3: when the user station receives FBCH broadcast information, frame configuration information and a backoff value random seed V are obtained from the broadcast information, and the low earth orbit satellite air interface FTCH and the RTCH channel are configured according to the frame configuration information;
TABLE 1 broadcast message
S4: after the air interface configuration of the subscriber station is completed, the subscriber station performs random access on an RACH channel, a random access request message is assembled by using a local SMAC address, a back-off value V is used as a random seed, a reverse link contention access time slot is randomly selected for contention access, and the time advance is sent based on the reverse link
After sending the Ra _ Msg random access message in advance, starting a Timer Ra _ Timer =50ms, and when the Timer is full and no Ra _ rsp message is received, continuing the step S1;
TABLE 2 Ra _ Msg random Access message
S5: after receiving the Ra _ Msg message, the gateway station distributes a user ID for the user station and sends the Ra _ rsp message to the user station through the FTCH;
TABLE 3 Ra _ rsp message
| Description of the invention | Length of | Description of the invention |
| User ID | 1Byte | 0x1-0xf0 |
| Macaddr | 6Byte | Subscriber station MAC Address (subscriber station for identifying local messages) |
S6: after receiving the Ra _ Msg message, the gateway station periodically allocates a transmission opportunity for the user through the FCCH channel reverse resource link control unit at the next scheduling time when sending the Ra _ rsp, so that the transmission requirement of the user control message can be met, the user station does not need to make a bandwidth request, the period T = T1+ T2+ T3+ T4, the values of T1, T2, T3 and T4 are 18ms, 3.5ms, 5ms and 3.5ms, the timer time =500ms is started, and in the time period, if the user station does not complete registration, the step S1 is performed, otherwise, the periodic bandwidth authorization is stopped, and the user station service data transmission stage is performed;
table 4 reverse resource link control unit
S7: after the service flow is established, the gateway station controls the transmission channel RC according to the forward FCCHfreeAnd reverse link use residual case RTCHfreeIn the remaining cases, data scheduling, RCfreeInitial value of 64, RTCHfreeInitial value is 128 resource blocks, with USER _ An=5 USERs, USER _ Bn=10 USERs, USER _ CnFor example, =30 USERs, per USER _ an，USER_Bn，USER_CnScheduling is performed in sequence, as follows:
s71: firstly, the methodScheduling USER _ anClass users, in the scheduling process, through formula RTCHfree= RTCHfree–Xunit、RCfree= RCfree-1 calculation, Xunit=1, 5 USER _ anAfter the round robin scheduling of users is finished, RTCHfree=123，RCfree=59；
S72: rescheduling USER _ BnClass users, in the process of calling, through formula RTCHfree= RTCHfree–BW、RCfree= RCfree-1 calculation, 10 USER _ BnAfter the round-robin scheduling of the users is finished, if the BW accumulation is 70, then the RTCHfree=53，RCfree=49；
S73: rescheduling USER _ CnClass users, in the process of calling, through formula RTCHfree= RTCHfree–Yunit、RCfree= RCfree-1 is calculated, Yunit=1, 30 USER _ CnAfter the round robin scheduling of users is finished, RTCHfree=23，RCfree=19；
By the algorithm, all USER _ A can be processedn、USER_Bn、USER_CnScheduling by class USERs, especially when USER _ CnWhen the class user has data transmission, the RTCH channel resource scheduling request and the user data transmission can be carried out on the RTCH resource granted by the gateway station in real time, and the user data transmission delay is reduced;
TABLE 5 RTCH channel resource scheduling request
| Description of the invention | Length of | Description of the invention |
| User ID | 1Byte | Allocation to users by Ra rsp messages |
| Application for bandwidth | 2Byte | Length in bytes |
S8: when the user station has data transmission, if the gateway station does not grant the reverse link resource of the RTCH channel, the user station randomly performs contention access on the RCCH channel by taking the backoff value V as a random seed, and sends a resource scheduling request of the RTCH channel to acquire a scheduling opportunity.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (5)
1. A quick access method facing to a low-orbit satellite communication system is characterized in that a low-orbit satellite transmission air interface frame structure is designed aiming at a satellite transparent transmission external synchronous network, and satellite channels are physically divided; the method comprises starting synchronous random access, registering network access, and distributing resources after network access; wherein,
the low earth orbit satellite transmission air interface frame structure comprises a forward link frame structure and a reverse link frame structure, wherein the forward link is a link from a gateway station to a subscriber station, the reverse link is a link from the subscriber station to the gateway station, and the forward link and the reverse link both comprise a plurality of sub-channels;
the satellite channels are physically divided, and the forward link is physically divided into an FBCH (forward broadcast channel), an FCCH (forward control transmission channel), and an FTCH (forward data transmission channel), wherein the FBCH is used for synchronization and system information broadcast, the FCCH is used for reverse link data scheduling information and power control information transmission, so as to realize resource allocation to the reverse link data channel, and the FTCH is used for forward link user data transmission; the reverse link is divided into RACH (random access channel), RCCH (reverse link control transmission channel) and RTCH (reverse link data transmission channel), the RACH is used for random access information transmission when a user starts up, the RCCH is used for user initial bandwidth application, and the RTCH is used for reverse link user data transmission;
the starting-up synchronous random access process is a process that a user station starts up synchronously and seizes channel resources;
after the user randomly accesses the network, the gateway station grants wireless resource access to the user station to complete the processes of registration, authentication, safety and signaling interaction establishment of service flow;
and the resource allocation process after network access is an access process in which the gateway station allocates resources for the user station after the registration and network access are completed.
2. The method for designing the air interface frame structure for low earth orbit satellite transmission according to claim 1 is characterized in that the multiframe length is 1s and is consistent with Beidou second pulse, so that a synchronization algorithm can be simplified; each multiframe comprises 10 subframes, the length of each subframe is 100ms, each subframe comprises 32 time slots, and the length of each time slot is 3.12 ms; in time slot and frequency domain, FCCH divides control dispatch unit with fine granularity, which has the ability of dispatching 64 users at the same time; designing 1 synchronous time slot at the initial position of each sub-frame on the broadcast channel FBCH, performing periodic rapid ranging in cooperation with pulse-per-second time reference, and accurately correcting the transmission advance of a reverse link
And the rapid synchronization and the reliable data transmission of the reverse link are realized.
3. A registered access procedure according to claim 1, characterized in that during the access period, the gateway station actively allocates reverse link resources to the subscriber station periodically according to the actual transmission and processing delay T of the data slot, when allocating reverse resources, no bandwidth request is required from the subscriber station, a relatively low coding efficiency method is fixedly adopted, error correction capability is enhanced, transmission reliability is improved, and access time is accelerated, the allocation period is T = T1+ T2+ T3+ T4, T1 is the maximum time delay of spatial propagation from the gateway station to the low-orbit satellite and transparently forwarded by the low-orbit satellite to the subscriber station, 5400 km propagation distance is supported, T2 is the gateway station transmission scheduling delay, T3 is the subscriber station reception processing delay, T4 is the subscriber station transmission scheduling delay, according to the actual measurement of T1 is 18ms, T2 is 3.5ms, T3 is 5ms, T4 is 3.5ms, t =30 ms.
4. The post-network resource allocation procedure according to claim 1, characterized in that the gateway station controls the transmission channel resource surplus condition RC according to the forward FCCHfreeAnd reverse link channel resource surplus condition RTCHfreeAfter scheduling USER _ AnClass, USER _ BnAfter class USER, as many pairs as possible to USER _ CnClass USERs scheduling, USER _ AnThe class USER is a network USER needing scheduling, USER _ BnClass is the set of networked USERs, USER _ C, that obtain scheduling requestsnThe USERs are the USER set with data transmitted temporarily or soon in the reverse link, and the method can ensure the USER _ CnClass USERs acquire as many reverse link transmission opportunities as possible, once USER _ CnClass users have transmission requirements, so that the rapid transmission of data can be ensured, and the transmission delay is reduced.
5. The fast access method for the low earth orbit satellite communication system as claimed in claim 2, wherein: reverse link transmit advance
The calculation method is
Tr isAnd the time when the subscriber station receives the synchronization is Ts the time of the last second pulse of the BDS (Beidou satellite navigation system), N is the subframe number, Tg is the subframe length, and N × Tg is the relative time of the starting position of the subframe ion multiframe.
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| CN113114333A (en) * | 2021-03-11 | 2021-07-13 | 中国电子科技集团公司第五十四研究所 | Method and device for rapidly accessing mobile communication terminal of synchronous orbit satellite |
| CN116015402A (en) * | 2022-12-06 | 2023-04-25 | 航天科工空间工程网络技术发展(杭州)有限公司 | Satellite reverse channel resource allocation method and device and satellite communication system |
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| CN116015402B (en) * | 2022-12-06 | 2024-08-27 | 航天科工空间工程网络技术发展(杭州)有限公司 | Satellite reverse channel resource allocation method and device and satellite communication system |
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