CN112256363A

CN112256363A - Application page rendering method and device and electronic equipment

Info

Publication number: CN112256363A
Application number: CN202011004984.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 兰新月; 陈晓南; 王华林; 金铮; 张河昌
Original assignee: Beijing Sankuai Online Technology Co Ltd
Current assignee: Beijing Sankuai Online Technology Co Ltd
Priority date: 2020-09-21
Filing date: 2020-09-21
Publication date: 2021-01-22

Abstract

The application discloses an application page rendering method, belongs to the technical field of terminals, and is beneficial to shortening the first screen display delay time of an application page. The method comprises the following steps: responding to the operation of opening the application page, and sending a first screen loading request to a preset first server; receiving first screen service module data fed back by a first service end and skeleton screen data of a page area outside the first screen in an application page; performing rendering of a first screen page area of the application page according to the first screen service module data, and performing rendering of page areas except the first screen according to the skeleton screen data; and then, displaying the first screen page area of the application page according to the rendering result. According to the method, the display content of the first screen of the application page is rendered only according to the first screen service module data, and other screens are rendered in a skeleton screen mode, so that the time from the opening of the application page to the display of the first screen content on the display screen of the electronic equipment is shortened by reducing the data volume downloaded from a background server by a front-end client and the page rendering data volume.

Description

Application page rendering method and device and electronic equipment

Technical Field

The embodiment of the application relates to the technical field of terminals, in particular to an application page rendering method and device, electronic equipment and a computer-readable storage medium.

Background

When using a certain application of a mobile device, browsing of pages is often required. With the continuous enrichment of the application functions of the terminal, more and more contents are displayed in the application page, generally, one application page presents multi-screen display contents, and a user can trigger the mobile device to execute the screen turning operation of the application page through sliding operation, so that other screen contents of the page are displayed on a display screen of the mobile device. In general, the process of presenting page content on a display screen of a mobile device is referred to as page rendering. Optimization of page rendering is a very important technical point in front-end performance optimization. With the requirement of a service module carried by a page of a mobile device, the requirement on page rendering performance is higher and higher.

In the prior art, a commonly used page rendering method includes: full page request method. For example, when an application page is opened, a client initiates a network request to a server, and because the network request consumes a certain amount of time, the client page displays a blank loading state. And after the page data is returned, the client performs full-page rendering according to the returned data, and after the rendering is completed, the user can see a complete result page and then can perform some sliding and clicking interactive operations. However, for a page with more display contents, the operation amount of the client executing the full-page rendering process is large, so that a blank page is displayed for a long time in the process from opening the page to displaying the content of the first-screen page. In order to shorten the time for displaying a blank page in the process from opening the page to displaying the content of the first screen page and improve the page display efficiency, in the prior art, the page turning request method is adopted to render all the displayed content of the page in batches. The method comprises the steps that only first screen display content is rendered when a page is entered for the first time, and when a user performs a screen turning operation, a page turning request is sent to a server side to render next screen display content. However, when the user quickly performs the screen-flipping action, the page rendering method for rendering all the contents of the page in batch also causes a phenomenon of page display delay.

Therefore, the application page rendering method in the prior art needs to be improved.

Disclosure of Invention

The embodiment of the application page rendering method is beneficial to shortening the first screen display delay time of the application page and improving the display efficiency of the application page.

In order to solve the above problem, in a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides an application page rendering method, including:

responding to the operation of opening the application page provided with the navigation tag, and sending a first screen loading request to a preset first server;

receiving the first screen service module data fed back by the first service end and skeleton screen data of a page area outside the first screen in the application page;

according to the first screen service module data, performing first screen page area rendering of the application page, and according to the skeleton screen data, performing page area rendering outside the first screen of the application page;

and displaying the first screen page area of the application page according to the rendering result on a display screen of the electronic equipment.

In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides an application page rendering apparatus, including:

the first screen loading request sending module is used for responding to the operation of opening the application page provided with the navigation tag and sending a first screen loading request to a preset first server;

the first rendering data receiving module is used for receiving the first screen service module data fed back by the first service end and the skeleton screen data of a page area outside the first screen in the application page;

the first rendering module is used for performing rendering of a first screen page area of the application page according to the first screen service module data and performing rendering of page areas except the first screen of the application page according to the skeleton screen data;

and the display module is used for displaying the first screen page area of the application page according to the rendering result on the display screen of the electronic equipment.

In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides an application page rendering method, including:

receiving a first screen loading request, wherein the first screen loading request is sent by an application client in response to an operation of opening an application page provided with a navigation tag;

generating a first request for acquiring service module data according to the first screen loading request, and sending the first request to a preset second server;

receiving all business module data of the application page and skeleton screen data of the application page sent by the second server in response to the first request;

intercepting and splicing all the service module data and the skeleton screen data to obtain the first screen service module data and the skeleton screen data of a page area except the first screen in the application page;

feeding back the first screen service module data and skeleton screen data of a page area except the first screen in the application page to the application client, so that the application client performs rendering of the first screen page area of the application page according to the first screen service module data, performs rendering of the page area except the first screen of the application page according to the skeleton screen data, and displays the first screen page area of the application page according to a rendering result on a display screen of electronic equipment.

In a fourth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides an application page rendering apparatus, including:

the system comprises a first screen loading request receiving module, a first screen loading request receiving module and a first screen loading request sending module, wherein the first screen loading request is sent by an application client in response to an operation of opening an application page provided with a navigation tag;

the first request sending module is used for generating a first request for acquiring service module data according to the first screen loading request and sending the first request to a preset second server;

the first data receiving module is used for receiving all service module data of the application page and skeleton screen data of the application page, which are sent by the second server in response to the first request;

the intercepting and splicing module is used for intercepting and splicing all the business module data and the skeleton screen data to obtain the first screen business module data and the skeleton screen data of a page area except the first screen in the application page;

the first rendering data sending module is used for feeding back the first screen service module data and skeleton screen data of a page area except the first screen in the application page to the application client, so that the application client executes rendering of the first screen page area of the application page according to the first screen service module data, executes rendering of the page area except the first screen of the application page according to the skeleton screen data, and displays the first screen page area of the application page according to a rendering result on a display screen of electronic equipment.

In a fifth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides an application page rendering method, including:

receiving a first request which is sent by a preset first server and used for acquiring service module data, wherein the first request is generated by the following method: the application client sends a first screen loading request to a preset first server in response to an operation of opening an application page provided with a navigation tag; the first server side generates the first request according to the first screen loading request;

determining all business module data matched with the page identifier and skeleton screen data of the application page;

responding to the first request, sending all business module data matched with the first request and skeleton screen data of the application page to the first server, the first service end intercepts and splices all the service module data and the skeleton screen data to obtain the first screen service module data and the skeleton screen data of a page area except the first screen in the application page, and feeding back the first screen service module data and the skeleton screen data of the page area outside the first screen in the application page to the application client, for performing, by the application client, a first-screen page area rendering of the application page according to the first-screen business module data, and, and performing rendering of a page area except the first screen of the application page according to the skeleton screen data, and displaying the first screen page area of the application page on a display screen of the electronic equipment according to a rendering result.

In a sixth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides an application page rendering apparatus, including:

a first request receiving module, configured to receive a first request, which is sent by a preset first server and is used to acquire service module data, where the first request is generated by the following method: the application client sends a first screen loading request to a preset first server in response to an operation of opening an application page provided with a navigation tag; the first server side generates the first request according to the first screen loading request;

the rendering data determining module is used for determining all business module data matched with the page identifier and skeleton screen data of the application page;

a first data sending module, configured to send, in response to the first request, all service module data and skeleton screen data of the application page that are matched with the first request to the first server, so that the first server intercepts and splices the all service module data and the skeleton screen data to obtain the first screen service module data and skeleton screen data of a page area other than the first screen in the application page, and feeds back the first screen service module data and the skeleton screen data of the page area other than the first screen in the application page to the application client, where the application client is configured to perform rendering of the first screen page area of the application page according to the first screen service module data, and perform rendering of the page area other than the first screen of the application page according to the skeleton screen data, and send the rendered page area to a display screen of an electronic device, and displaying the first screen page area of the application page according to the rendering result.

In a seventh aspect, an embodiment of the present application further discloses an electronic device, which includes a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, and when the processor executes the computer program, the application page rendering method according to the embodiment of the present application is implemented.

In an eighth aspect, the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, where the computer program is executed by a processor to perform the steps of the application page rendering method disclosed in the present application.

According to the application page rendering method disclosed by the embodiment of the application, a first screen loading request is sent to a preset first server side by responding to the operation of opening the application page provided with the navigation tag; receiving the first screen service module data fed back by the first service end and skeleton screen data of a page area outside the first screen in the application page; according to the first screen service module data, performing first screen page area rendering of the application page, and according to the skeleton screen data, performing page area rendering outside the first screen of the application page; and displaying the first screen page area of the application page according to the rendering result on a display screen of the electronic equipment, so that the first screen display delay time of the application page is favorably shortened.

The foregoing description is only an overview of the technical solutions of the present application, and the present application can be implemented according to the content of the description in order to make the technical means of the present application more clearly understood, and the following detailed description of the present application is given in order to make the above and other objects, features, and advantages of the present application more clearly understandable.

Drawings

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.

FIG. 1 is a flowchart of an application page rendering method according to a first embodiment of the present application;

fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a first screen display effect of an application page rendering method according to a first embodiment of the present application;

fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of data interaction of an application system in the application page rendering method according to the first embodiment of the present application;

fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a skeleton screen display effect of an application page rendering method according to a first embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 5 is a second flowchart of a rendering method of an application page according to a first embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 6 is a flowchart of an application page rendering method according to a second embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 7 is a flowchart of an application page rendering method according to a third embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of an application page rendering apparatus according to a fourth embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 9 is a second schematic structural diagram of an application page rendering apparatus according to a fourth embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of an application page rendering apparatus according to a fifth embodiment of the present application;

fig. 11 is a second schematic structural diagram of an application page rendering apparatus according to a fifth embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of an application page rendering apparatus according to a sixth embodiment of the present application;

fig. 13 is a second schematic structural diagram of an application page rendering apparatus according to a sixth embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 14 schematically shows a block diagram of an electronic device for performing a method according to the present application; and

fig. 15 schematically shows a storage unit for holding or carrying program code implementing a method according to the present application.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present application. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.

Example one

An application page rendering method disclosed in an embodiment of the present application, as shown in fig. 1, includes: step 110 to step 140.

And step 110, responding to the operation of opening the application page provided with the navigation tag, and sending a first screen loading request to a preset first server.

Taking a process of opening an application program in a process of using a food ordering application program by a user as an example, in the prior art, after the application program detects starting, data of each application page is loaded first, and then a home page of the application program is displayed. The application page rendering method disclosed in the embodiment of the present application is suitable for application pages with large page data quantity and unsuitable for page turning, for example, the application page shown in fig. 2, which is provided with a navigation tag for switching content displayed in the page. In the application page shown in fig. 2, a navigation tag is set at the top of the application page, and is used for switching service modules (such as service modules of a merchant list, a leader board, a preferential package, take-out and the like) according to the operation of a user. The navigation tag above the application page can support the list page to rapidly scroll to the content which the user wants to see, if a page turning request is adopted, the time consumed by data loading is long, the phenomenon of pause during scrolling of the list page can be caused, and the user experience is influenced. For example, after the user selects one of the business modules in the navigation tab, the application displays the business content of that business module in the current screen of the application page. For example, when the user selects the "merchant" business module, a merchant list is displayed in the current screen of the application page.

Before displaying screen content in a display screen, a client of an application program needs to load page data through a back-end server, analyze the page data, then perform page rendering according to an analysis result, and then display the page content in the display screen of the electronic device according to the rendering result.

The application page rendering method according to the embodiment of the present application is applied to the application system shown in fig. 3. As shown in fig. 3, the application system includes: the application client 310 runs in the electronic device of the user, and is used for executing corresponding data requesting, receiving, processing and displaying operations according to the operations of the user; the first server 320 is used as a transfer device between the application client 310 and the second server 330, and is used for performing protocol and data forwarding; the second server 330 is configured to determine all service module data and skeleton screen data of each application page according to the request of the first server 320, send the determined all service module data and skeleton screen data of each application page to the first server 320, and cache all service module data of the application page.

In the application system as shown in fig. 3, after detecting an operation of opening an application page by a user, an application client 310 running on an electronic device of the user generates a home screen loading request according to a page identifier of the application page opened by the operation, and sends the home screen loading request to the first server 320.

In some embodiments of the present application, the first screen loading request may further carry information such as a user identifier of a login application client and geographic location information of an electronic device running the application client.

And step 120, receiving the first screen service module data fed back by the first service end and skeleton screen data of a page area outside the first screen in the application page.

In some embodiments of the present application, the first server 320 is an application interface layer (i.e., API layer), and functions as a gateway layer, for implementing a network service between the application client 310 and the second server 330. Since the second server 330 cannot directly process the request sent by the application client 310, the API layer is required to perform some processing on the request of the application client, and then send the request to the second server 330. Meanwhile, the data application client 310 returned by the second server 330 cannot be directly identified, and the data application client 310 also needs to return after some processing is performed on the data by the API layer.

In some embodiments of the present application, the first screen service module data and the skeleton screen data are obtained by the following method: the first server sends a first request for acquiring the data of the service module to a preset second server; receiving all business module data of the application page and skeleton screen data of the application page sent by the second server in response to the first request; and the first service end intercepts and splices all the service module data and the skeleton screen data to obtain the first screen service module data and the skeleton screen data of a page area except the first screen in the application page. The skeleton screen data in the embodiment of the application is used for indicating the number of contents displayed in the application page and the display position of each content.

For example, after receiving the first screen loading request sent by the application client 310, the first server 320 generates a first request for acquiring service module data according to at least a page identifier carried in the first screen loading request, and sends the first request to the second server 330. After receiving the first request, the second server 330 obtains the data of each service module matched with the page identifier, generates the skeleton screen data of the application page according to the data of each service module, and then sends the data of each service module and the skeleton screen data of the application page to the first server 320. Meanwhile, the second server 330 performs associated caching on the data of each service module and the page identifier carried in the first request.

In some embodiments of the present application, the first request may further include one or more of a user identifier for logging in the application client, and geographic location information of the application client. The second server 330 may determine the data of each service module matched with the first request according to the information carried in the first request. The specific implementation of the second server 330 determining the data of each service module matched with the first request is referred to in the prior art, and details are not described in this embodiment of the present application.

For a specific implementation of generating skeleton screen data according to service module data of an application page, reference is made to the prior art, and details are not described in this embodiment of the present application.

In some embodiments of the application, when the first request includes information such as a user identifier and a geographic position of the login user of the application client 310, after determining each service module data matched with the first request, the second server 330 may further obtain user preference information according to the user identifier, further sort each service module data by combining with, for example, category information, geographic position information, user preference information, heat information of contents in each service module, a click rate, and the like, determine a display position of the contents in each service module and/or service module, and generate skeleton screen data matched with the first request according to a sorting result. And then, sending the data of each service module matched with the first request to the first service end 320 according to the sorting result, and sending the skeleton screen data generated according to the sorting result to the first service end 320.

After receiving the service module data and the skeleton screen data matched with the first request, the first server 320 cuts and splices the service module data and the skeleton screen data, cuts the service module data with the display position located in the first screen and the skeleton screen data corresponding to the service module with the display position located in the page area except the first screen, and then splices the service module data with the skeleton screen data of the service module except the first screen into the page data of the application page. The first service end 320 sends the service module data obtained by splicing to the application client 310.

And step 130, performing rendering of a first screen page area of the application page according to the first screen service module data, and performing rendering of a page area except the first screen of the application page according to the skeleton screen data.

After the application client 310 receives the page data of the application page sent by the first server 320, rendering a first screen page area of the application page according to the first screen service module data spliced in the application page data, and rendering a page area other than the first screen according to the skeleton screen data spliced in the application page data.

For a specific implementation of performing page rendering according to service module data, refer to the prior art, and details are not described in this embodiment of the present application.

For a specific implementation of performing page rendering according to skeleton screen data, refer to the prior art, which is not described in this embodiment. In some embodiments of the present application, the post-display effect of the page rendered according to the skeletal screen data is shown in fig. 4. After the page rendered according to the skeleton screen data is displayed, the display area of the specific service data is occupied through a blank frame or a blank picture so as to display the loading and rendering processes of the page, and the blank screen is prevented from being displayed.

In some embodiments of the present application, the first screen service module data and the skeleton screen data may be spliced by using a display logic information tree, or may be spliced by using other manners in the prior art.

And 140, displaying the first screen page area of the application page according to the rendering result on a display screen of the electronic equipment.

After the page rendering is completed, the first screen rendering result of the application page of the application client 310 is written into a display cache of a graphics processing unit of the electronic device, so that the first screen page area of the application page is displayed in a display screen of the electronic device.

In some embodiments of the present application, as shown in fig. 5, after the displaying the first screen page area of the application page according to the rendering result, the method further includes: step 150 to step 170.

Step 150, sending a full page loading request to the first server.

After displaying the first screen page area of the application page, the application client 310 sends a full page loading request to the first server 320 to obtain all service module data of the application page. And the full page loading request at least comprises the page identification of the application page.

Step 160, receiving all the service module data of the application page fed back by the first server for the full page loading request.

In some embodiments of the present application, all the service module data of the application page fed back by the first server for the full page loading request are obtained by the following method: after receiving the first screen loading request, the first service end sends a first request for acquiring service module data to a preset second service end, wherein the first request carries a page identifier matched with the application page; the second server determines all service module data and skeleton screen data associated with the page identifier, and performs associated cache on all service module data and the page identifier carried in the first request; and the second server responds to a second request for acquiring the service module data sent by the first server, and sends all service module data cached in association with the page identifier carried in the second request to the first server.

After receiving the full page loading request sent by the application client 310, the first server 320 generates a second request according to the full page loading request, where the second request carries a page identifier of the application page, and sends the second request to the second server 330, so as to obtain all service module data of the application page.

As described above, when receiving the first request, the second server 330 determines all service module data and skeleton screen data that are matched with the page identifier carried in the first request, and sends all the service module data and the skeleton screen data to the first server 320, and at the same time, caches all the service module data and the page identifier in association with the second server 330 locally. After receiving the second request, the second server 330 retrieves all the service module data cached in association with the page identifier carried in the second request from the local cache data, and sends all the retrieved service module data to the first server 320.

After receiving all the service module data matched with the page identifier and sent by the second server 330, the first server 320 sends all the service module data to the application client 310.

And 170, rendering all the page areas of the application page according to all the service module data.

The application client 310 renders all page areas of the application page according to the received all service module data. After the rendering of all the page areas is completed, the application client 310 calls a display interface of the electronic device according to the operation of the user on the application page, and refreshes the page display of the application client according to the rendering result. In the process, the user does not sense the page rendering process, and the user has smooth page turning experience.

According to the application page rendering method disclosed by the embodiment of the application, a first screen loading request is sent to a preset first server side by responding to the operation of opening the application page provided with the navigation tag; receiving the first screen service module data fed back by the first service end and skeleton screen data of a page area outside the first screen in the application page; according to the first screen service module data, performing first screen page area rendering of the application page, and according to the skeleton screen data, performing page area rendering outside the first screen of the application page; and displaying the first screen page area of the application page according to the rendering result on a display screen of the electronic equipment, so that the first screen display delay time of the application page is favorably shortened. According to the application page rendering method disclosed by the embodiment of the application page, the display content of the first screen of the application page is rendered according to the first screen service module data, and other screens are rendered in the framework screen mode, the data volume downloaded from the background server by the front-end client is reduced, the page rendering data volume is reduced, the time from opening the application page to displaying the first screen content on the display screen of the electronic equipment is shortened, and the first screen display efficiency is improved.

On the other hand, the page area except the first screen of the application page is displayed in a skeleton screen mode, and compared with the situation that when a user quickly switches the current display screen area, data is loaded and displayed in a white screen mode or delayed display mode, the display interface is more friendly, and user experience is improved.

Example two

As shown in fig. 6, the method for rendering an application page disclosed in the embodiment of the present application includes: step 610 to step 650.

Step 610, receive the first screen load request.

The first screen loading request is sent by an application client in response to an operation of opening an application page provided with a navigation tag, and the first screen loading request carries a page identifier matched with the application page.

Taking the application page rendering method described in the embodiment of the present application as an example, when the application system shown in fig. 3 is applied, in the application system described in fig. 3, after an application client 310 running on an electronic device of a user detects an operation of opening an application page by the user, a first screen loading request is generated according to an application identifier of the application page opened by the operation, and the first screen loading request at least carries an application identifier and a page identifier of an application to which the application page belongs, and is sent to the first server 320.

The first server 320 receives the first screen loading request sent by the application client 310.

Step 620, generating a first request for acquiring service module data according to the first screen loading request, and sending the first request to a preset second server.

Wherein the first request carries the page identifier.

After receiving the first screen loading request sent by the application client 310, the first server 320 generates a first request according to the page identifier of the application page carried in the first screen loading request, and sends the first request to the second server 330. And the first request at least carries the page identifier.

Step 630, receiving all the service module data of the application page and the skeleton screen data of the application page, which are sent by the second server in response to the first request.

After receiving the first request, the second server 330 determines all service module data and skeleton screen data matched with the page identifier according to the page identifier carried in the first request, and sends all service module data and skeleton screen data matched with the page identifier to the first server 320.

In some embodiments of the application, after determining all service module data and skeleton screen data matched with the page identifier according to the page identifier carried in the first request and sending all service module data and skeleton screen data matched with the page identifier to the first service end 320, the second service end 330 locally performs association cache on all service module data matched with the page identifier and the page identifier carried in the first request.

After receiving the first request, the second server 330 refers to the first embodiment for determining specific implementation manners of all service module data and skeleton screen data that are matched with the page identifier, which is not described in detail in this embodiment.

After sending the first request to the second server 330, the first server 320 receives feedback information of the second server 330 for the first request. That is, the first service end 320 receives all the service module data of the application page and the skeleton screen data of the application page (i.e., all the service module data and the skeleton screen data matched with the page identifier) sent by the second service end 330.

And step 640, intercepting and splicing all the service module data and the skeleton screen data to obtain the first screen service module data and the skeleton screen data of a page area except the first screen in the application page.

After receiving all the service module data of the application page and the skeleton screen data of the application page, which are sent by the second server 330, the first server 320 intercepts and splices all the service module data and the skeleton screen data, and feeds back the intercepted and spliced data to the application client 310.

The specific implementation manner of the first service end 320 intercepting and splicing all the service module data and the skeleton screen data to obtain the first screen service module data and the skeleton screen data of the page area in the application page other than the first screen is referred to as embodiment one, and details are not repeated in this embodiment.

Step 650, feeding back the first screen service module data and the skeleton screen data of the page area except the first screen in the application page to the application client, so that the application client performs rendering of the first screen page area of the application page according to the first screen service module data, performs rendering of the page area except the first screen of the application page according to the skeleton screen data, and displays the first screen page area of the application page according to a rendering result on a display screen of the electronic device.

Then, the first service end 320 feeds back the first screen service module data and the skeleton screen data of the page area outside the first screen in the application page to the application client 310.

After receiving the first screen service module data and the skeleton screen data of the page area except the first screen in the application page, the application client 310 performs rendering of the first screen page area of the application page according to the first screen service module data, performs rendering of the page area except the first screen of the application page according to the skeleton screen data, and displays the first screen page area of the application page according to a rendering result on a display screen of the electronic device.

The specific implementation manner of the application client 310 executing rendering of the first screen page area of the application page according to the first screen service module data and executing rendering of the page areas other than the first screen of the application page according to the skeleton screen data is described in the first embodiment, and details are not repeated here.

For a specific implementation of displaying, by the application client 310, the first screen page area of the application page on the display screen of the electronic device according to the rendering result, reference is made to the description in the first embodiment, and details are not repeated here.

In some embodiments of the present application, after the step of feeding back, to the application client, the first screen service module data and the skeleton screen data of a page area in the application page other than the first screen, the method further includes: receiving a full-page loading request sent by the application client, wherein the full-page loading request carries a page identifier of the application page; generating a second request for acquiring service module data according to the full-page loading request, and sending the second request to the second server, wherein the second request carries the page identifier; receiving all service module data sent by the second server in response to the second request, wherein all the service module data are cached when the second server sends all the service module data of the application page and the skeleton screen data of the application page in response to the first request; and sending all the service module data to the application client, so that the application client renders all the page areas of the application page according to all the service module data.

After the application client 310 displays the first screen page area of the application page according to the rendering result on the display screen of the electronic device, the application client 310 simultaneously sends a full page loading request to the first server 320, so as to obtain all service module data of the application page through the first server 320.

The first server 320 receives a full page loading request sent by the application client, generates a second request according to a page identifier carried in the full page loading request, and then sends the second request to the second server 330. For a specific implementation of the first server 320 generating the second request, refer to the first embodiment, and are not described herein again.

The second server 330 sends all the pre-cached service module data matching the page identifier to the first server 320 in response to the second request. For a specific implementation of the second server 330 caching all service module data matched with the page identifier, refer to the first embodiment, and details are not described here.

After receiving all the service module data sent by the second server 330 in response to the second request, the first server 320 feeds back the all the service module data to the application client 310.

After receiving all the service module data of the application page, the application client 310 renders all the page areas of the application page according to the all the service module data. For a specific implementation of the application client 310 rendering the application page according to the all service module data, refer to embodiment one, which is not described herein again.

According to the application page rendering method disclosed by the embodiment of the application, a first screen loading request is received, wherein the first screen loading request is sent by an application client in response to an operation of opening an application page provided with a navigation tag; generating a first request for acquiring service module data according to the first screen loading request, and sending the first request to a preset second server; receiving all business module data of the application page and skeleton screen data of the application page sent by the second server in response to the first request; intercepting and splicing all the service module data and the skeleton screen data to obtain the first screen service module data and the skeleton screen data of a page area except the first screen in the application page; the method comprises the steps of feeding back the first screen service module data and skeleton screen data of a page area except the first screen in the application page to the application client, enabling the application client to execute the rendering of the first screen page area of the application page according to the first screen service module data, executing the rendering of the page area except the first screen of the application page according to the skeleton screen data, displaying the first screen page area of the application page according to a rendering result on a display screen of the electronic equipment, and being beneficial to shortening of the first screen display delay time of the application page. According to the application page rendering method disclosed by the embodiment of the application page, firstly, the display content of the first screen of the application page is rendered only according to the first screen service module data, and other screens are rendered in a skeleton screen mode, the time from the opening of the application page to the display of the first screen content on the display screen of the electronic equipment is shortened by reducing the data volume downloaded from the background server by the front-end client and reducing the page rendering data volume, and the first screen display efficiency is improved.

EXAMPLE III

As shown in fig. 7, the method for rendering an application page disclosed in the embodiment of the present application includes: steps 710 to 730.

Step 710, receiving a first request for acquiring service module data, which is sent by a preset first server.

Wherein the first request is generated by: the application client sends a first screen loading request to a preset first server in response to an operation of opening an application page provided with a navigation tag; and the first server side is generated according to the first screen loading request. In some embodiments of the present application, the first request at least carries a page identifier matched with the application page.

The application page rendering method described in this embodiment of the application is applied to the application system shown in fig. 3, and in the application running process, the second server 330 receives the corresponding data request sent by the first server 320, and feeds back the corresponding data.

The first request generation manner refers to the first embodiment and the second embodiment, which are not described in detail in this embodiment.

And 720, determining all the service module data matched with the first request and the skeleton screen data of the application page.

After receiving the first request sent by the first service end 320, the second service end 330 determines all service module data and skeleton screen data of the application page matched with the first request at least according to the page identifier carried in the first request.

For the specific implementation of the second server 330 determining, according to the first request, all the service module data and the skeleton screen data of the application page that are matched with the first request, refer to the description of the first embodiment and the description of the second embodiment, which is not described herein again.

Step 730, in response to the first request, sending all the service module data matched with the first request and the skeleton screen data of the application page to the first server, the first service end intercepts and splices all the service module data and the skeleton screen data to obtain the first screen service module data and the skeleton screen data of a page area except the first screen in the application page, and feeding back the first screen service module data and the skeleton screen data of the page area outside the first screen in the application page to the application client, for performing, by the application client, a first-screen page area rendering of the application page according to the first-screen business module data, and, and performing rendering of a page area except the first screen of the application page according to the skeleton screen data, and displaying the first screen page area of the application page on a display screen of the electronic equipment according to a rendering result.

Next, the second server 330 determines all the service module data matched with the first request and the skeleton screen data of the application page according to the information carried in the first request, and sends all the service module data matched with the first request and the skeleton screen data of the application page to the first server 320.

For the specific implementation of determining, by the second server 330, all the service module data and the skeleton screen data of the application page that are matched with the first request according to the information carried in the first request, refer to embodiment one and embodiment two, which is not described in detail in this embodiment.

For a specific implementation manner of the first service end 320 intercepting and splicing all the service module data matched with the first request and the skeleton screen data of the application page, refer to the first embodiment and the second embodiment, which is not described again in this embodiment.

The specific implementation manner of the application client 310 executing rendering of the first screen page area of the application page according to the first screen service module data, executing rendering of the page areas other than the first screen of the application page according to the skeleton screen data, and displaying the first screen page area of the application page according to the rendering result on the display screen of the electronic device is referred to in embodiment one and embodiment two, and this embodiment is not described again.

In some embodiments of the present application, after the second server 330 sends all the service module data matched with the first request and the skeleton screen data of the application page to the first server, the method further includes: all business module data matched with the first request and skeleton screen data of the application page are subjected to associated caching with a page identifier carried in the first request; receiving a second request for acquiring service module data sent by the first service end, wherein the second request is generated according to the page identifier carried in the full-page loading request after the first service end receives the full-page loading request sent by the application client; responding to the second request, sending all service module data cached in association with the page identifier carried by the second request to the first server, sending all service module data to the application client through the first server, and rendering all page areas of the application page by the application client according to all service module data.

For a specific implementation manner of performing, by the second server 330, association caching on all service module data and the skeleton screen data of the application page that are matched with the first request and the page identifier carried in the first request, refer to embodiment a and embodiment b, which is not described again in this embodiment.

For a method for generating the second request, reference is made to the first embodiment and the second embodiment, which is not described in detail in this embodiment.

The second server 330, in response to the second request, retrieves all the service module data cached in association with the page identifier carried in the second request from the locally cached data, and sends all the service module data cached in association with the page identifier carried in the second request to the first server.

Then, the first service end 320 sends the all service module data to the application client, and the application client renders all page areas of the application page according to the all service module data.

The application page rendering device disclosed in the embodiment of the present application is used to implement the application page rendering method described in the foregoing method embodiment of the present application, and specific implementation of each module of the device is not described again, which can be referred to as specific implementation of corresponding steps in the method embodiment.

The application page rendering method disclosed by the embodiment of the application receives a first request which is sent by a preset first server and is used for acquiring service module data, wherein the first request is generated by the following method: the application client sends a first screen loading request to a preset first server in response to an operation of opening an application page provided with a navigation tag; the first server side generates the first request according to the first screen loading request; determining all business module data matched with the first request and skeleton screen data of the application page; responding to the first request, sending all service module data matched with the first request and skeleton screen data of the application page to the first server, enabling the first server to intercept and splice the all service module data and the skeleton screen data to obtain the first screen service module data and the skeleton screen data of a page area except the first screen in the application page, feeding back the first screen service module data and the skeleton screen data of the page area except the first screen in the application page to the application client, and enabling the application client to execute rendering of the first screen page area of the application page according to the first screen service module data, execute rendering of the page area except the first screen of the application page according to the skeleton screen data, and display the first screen page area of the application page according to a rendering result on a display screen of electronic equipment, the method is beneficial to shortening the first screen display delay time of the application page.

According to the application page rendering method disclosed by the embodiment of the application page, the display content of the first screen of the application page is rendered according to the first screen service module data, and other screens are rendered in the framework screen mode, the data volume downloaded from the background server by the front-end client is reduced, the page rendering data volume is reduced, the time from opening the application page to displaying the first screen content on the display screen of the electronic equipment is shortened, and the first screen display efficiency is improved.

Example four

An application page rendering device disclosed in an embodiment of the present application, as shown in fig. 8, includes:

a first screen loading request sending module 810, configured to send a first screen loading request to a preset first server in response to an operation of opening an application page provided with a navigation tag;

a first rendering data receiving module 820, configured to receive the first screen service module data fed back by the first service end and the skeleton screen data of a page area in the application page other than the first screen;

a first rendering module 830, configured to perform rendering of a first screen page region of the application page according to the first screen service module data, and perform rendering of a page region other than the first screen of the application page according to the skeleton screen data;

the display module 840 is configured to display, on a display screen of the electronic device, a first screen page area of the application page according to the rendering result.

In some embodiments of the present application, as shown in fig. 9, the apparatus further comprises:

a full page load request sending module 850, configured to send a full page load request to the first service end;

a second rendering data receiving module 860, configured to receive all service module data of the application page fed back by the first service end for the full page loading request;

a second rendering module 870, configured to render all the page areas of the application page according to the all the service module data.

In some embodiments of the present application, the first screen service module data and the skeleton screen data are obtained by the following method:

the first server sends a first request for acquiring the data of the service module to a preset second server;

and the first service end intercepts and splices all the service module data and the skeleton screen data to obtain the first screen service module data and the skeleton screen data of a page area except the first screen in the application page.

In some embodiments of the present application, all the service module data of the application page fed back by the first server for the full page loading request are obtained by the following method:

after receiving the first screen loading request, the first service end sends a first request for acquiring service module data to a preset second service end, wherein the first request carries a page identifier matched with the application page;

the second server determines all service module data and skeleton screen data associated with the page identifier, and performs associated cache on all service module data and the page identifier;

and the second server responds to a second request for acquiring the service module data sent by the first server, and sends all service module data cached in association with the page identifier carried in the second request to the first server.

The application page rendering device disclosed in this embodiment is used to implement the application page rendering method described in the first embodiment, and specific implementation manners of modules of the device refer to specific implementation manners of corresponding method steps, which are not described herein again.

The application page rendering device disclosed by the embodiment of the application sends a first screen loading request to a preset first server by responding to the operation of opening the application page provided with the navigation tag; receiving the first screen service module data fed back by the first service end and skeleton screen data of a page area outside the first screen in the application page; according to the first screen service module data, performing first screen page area rendering of the application page, and according to the skeleton screen data, performing page area rendering outside the first screen of the application page; and displaying the first screen page area of the application page according to the rendering result on a display screen of the electronic equipment, so that the first screen display delay time of the application page is favorably shortened. The application page rendering device disclosed by the embodiment of the application page renders the display content of the first screen of the application page according to the first screen service module data, and renders other screens in a skeleton screen mode, and shortens the time from the opening of the application page to the display of the first screen content on the display screen of the electronic equipment by reducing the data volume downloaded from the background server by the front-end client and reducing the page rendering data volume, so that the first screen display efficiency is improved.

EXAMPLE five

As shown in fig. 10, an application page rendering apparatus disclosed in an embodiment of the present application includes:

a first screen loading request receiving module 1010, configured to receive a first screen loading request, where the first screen loading request is sent by an application client in response to an operation of opening an application page provided with a navigation tag;

a first request sending module 1020, configured to generate a first request for obtaining service module data according to the first screen loading request, and send the first request to a preset second server;

a first data receiving module 1030, configured to receive all service module data of the application page and skeleton screen data of the application page, where the second server responds to the first request and sends the data;

the intercepting and splicing module 1040 is configured to intercept and splice all the service module data and the skeleton screen data to obtain the first-screen service module data and skeleton screen data of a page area in the application page other than the first screen;

the first rendering data sending module 1050 is configured to feed back, to the application client, the first screen service module data and skeleton screen data of a page area other than the first screen in the application page, so that the application client performs rendering of the first screen page area of the application page according to the first screen service module data, performs rendering of the page area other than the first screen of the application page according to the skeleton screen data, and displays, on a display screen of an electronic device, the first screen page area of the application page according to a rendering result.

In some embodiments of the present application, as shown in fig. 11, the apparatus further comprises:

a full page loading request receiving module 1060, configured to receive a full page loading request sent by the application client, where the full page loading request carries a page identifier of the application page;

a second request sending module 1070, configured to generate a second request for obtaining service module data according to the full-page loading request, and send the second request to the second server, where the second request carries the page identifier;

a second data receiving module 1080, configured to receive all service module data sent by the second server in response to the second request, where the all service module data is cached when the second server sends all service module data of the application page and skeleton screen data of the application page in response to the first request;

a second rendering data sending module 1090, configured to send all the service module data to the application client, so that the application client renders all the page areas of the application page according to all the service module data.

The application page rendering device disclosed in this embodiment is used to implement the application page rendering method described in the second embodiment, and specific implementation manners of modules of the device refer to specific implementation manners of corresponding method steps, which are not described herein again.

The application page rendering device disclosed by the embodiment of the application receives a first screen loading request which is sent by an application client in response to an operation of opening an application page provided with a navigation tag; generating a first request for acquiring service module data according to the first screen loading request, and sending the first request to a preset second server; receiving all business module data of the application page and skeleton screen data of the application page sent by the second server in response to the first request; intercepting and splicing all the service module data and the skeleton screen data to obtain the first screen service module data and the skeleton screen data of a page area except the first screen in the application page; the method comprises the steps of feeding back the first screen service module data and skeleton screen data of a page area except the first screen in the application page to the application client, enabling the application client to execute the rendering of the first screen page area of the application page according to the first screen service module data, executing the rendering of the page area except the first screen of the application page according to the skeleton screen data, displaying the first screen page area of the application page according to a rendering result on a display screen of the electronic equipment, and being beneficial to shortening of the first screen display delay time of the application page. The application page rendering device disclosed by the embodiment of the application page renders the display content of the first screen of the application page according to the first screen service module data, and renders other screens in a skeleton screen mode, and shortens the time from the opening of the application page to the display of the first screen content on the display screen of the electronic equipment by reducing the data volume downloaded from the background server by the front-end client and reducing the page rendering data volume, so that the first screen display efficiency is improved.

EXAMPLE six

An application page rendering device disclosed in an embodiment of the present application, as shown in fig. 12, includes:

a first request receiving module 1210, configured to receive a first request, which is sent by a preset first server and is used to acquire service module data, where the first request is generated by the following method: the application client sends a first screen loading request to a preset first server in response to an operation of opening an application page provided with a navigation tag; the first server side generates the first request according to the first screen loading request;

a rendering data determining module 1220, configured to determine all service module data matched with the first request and skeleton screen data of the application page;

a first data sending module 1230, configured to send, in response to the first request, all service module data and skeleton screen data of the application page that are matched with the first request to the first server, so that the first server intercepts and splices all the service module data and the skeleton screen data to obtain the first screen service module data and skeleton screen data of a page area other than the first screen in the application page, and feeds back the first screen service module data and the skeleton screen data of the page area other than the first screen in the application page to the application client, where the application client is configured to perform rendering of the first screen page area of the application page according to the first screen service module data, perform rendering of the page area other than the first screen of the application page according to the skeleton screen data, and display the display screen of the electronic device, and displaying the first screen page area of the application page according to the rendering result.

In some embodiments of the present application, as shown in fig. 13, the apparatus further comprises:

a cache module 1240, configured to perform associated caching on all service module data and skeleton screen data of the application page that are matched with the first request and a page identifier carried in the first request;

a second request receiving module 1250, configured to receive a second request for obtaining service module data sent by the first service end, where the second request is generated according to the page identifier carried in a full-page loading request sent by the application client after the first service end receives the full-page loading request;

a second data sending module 1260, configured to, in response to the second request, send all service module data cached in association with the page identifier carried in the second request to the first server, send all service module data to the application client through the first server, and render all page areas of the application page by the application client according to all service module data.

The application page rendering device disclosed in this embodiment is used to implement the application page rendering method described in the third embodiment, and specific implementation manners of modules of the device refer to specific implementation manners of corresponding method steps, which are not described herein again.

The application page rendering device disclosed in the embodiment of the application receives a first request for acquiring service module data, which is sent by a preset first server, and the first request is generated by the following method: the application client sends a first screen loading request to a preset first server in response to an operation of opening an application page provided with a navigation tag; the first server side generates the first request according to the first screen loading request; determining all business module data matched with the page identifier and skeleton screen data of the application page; responding to the first request, sending all service module data matched with the first request and skeleton screen data of the application page to the first server, enabling the first server to intercept and splice the all service module data and the skeleton screen data to obtain the first screen service module data and the skeleton screen data of a page area except the first screen in the application page, feeding back the first screen service module data and the skeleton screen data of the page area except the first screen in the application page to the application client, and enabling the application client to execute rendering of the first screen page area of the application page according to the first screen service module data, execute rendering of the page area except the first screen of the application page according to the skeleton screen data, and display the first screen page area of the application page according to a rendering result on a display screen of electronic equipment, the method is beneficial to shortening the first screen display delay time of the application page.

The application page rendering device disclosed by the embodiment of the application page renders the display content of the first screen of the application page according to the first screen service module data, and renders other screens in a skeleton screen mode, and shortens the time from the opening of the application page to the display of the first screen content on the display screen of the electronic equipment by reducing the data volume downloaded from the background server by the front-end client and reducing the page rendering data volume, so that the first screen display efficiency is improved.

The embodiments in the present specification are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other. For the device embodiment, since it is basically similar to the method embodiment, the description is simple, and for the relevant points, refer to the partial description of the method embodiment.

The application page rendering method and device provided by the application are introduced in detail, a specific example is applied in the description to explain the principle and the implementation of the application, and the description of the embodiment is only used for helping to understand the method and a core idea of the application; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present application, there may be variations in the specific embodiments and the application scope, and in summary, the content of the present specification should not be construed as a limitation to the present application.

The above-described embodiments of the apparatus are merely illustrative, and the units described as separate parts may or may not be physically separate, and parts displayed as units may or may not be physical units, may be located in one place, or may be distributed on a plurality of network units. Some or all of the modules may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of the present embodiment. One of ordinary skill in the art can understand and implement it without inventive effort.

The various component embodiments of the present application may be implemented in hardware, or in software modules running on one or more processors, or in a combination thereof. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that a microprocessor or Digital Signal Processor (DSP) may be used in practice to implement some or all of the functionality of some or all of the components in an electronic device according to embodiments of the present application. The present application may also be embodied as apparatus or device programs (e.g., computer programs and computer program products) for performing a portion or all of the methods described herein. Such programs implementing the present application may be stored on a computer readable medium or may be in the form of one or more signals. Such a signal may be downloaded from an internet website or provided on a carrier signal or in any other form.

For example, fig. 14 shows an electronic device that may implement a method according to the present application. The electronic device can be a PC, a mobile terminal, a personal digital assistant, a tablet computer and the like. The electronic device conventionally comprises a processor 1410 and a memory 1420, and program code 1430 stored on the memory 1420 and executable on the processor 1410, the processor 1410 implementing the method described in the embodiments above when executing the program code 1430. The memory 1420 may be a computer program product or a computer readable medium. The memory 1420 may be an electronic memory such as a flash memory, an EEPROM (electrically erasable programmable read only memory), an EPROM, a hard disk, or a ROM. The memory 1420 has a memory space 14201 for program code 1430 of a computer program for performing any of the method steps described above. For example, the memory space 14201 for the program code 1430 may include respective computer programs for implementing the various steps in the above methods, respectively. The program code 1430 is computer readable code. The computer programs may be read from or written to one or more computer program products. These computer program products comprise a program code carrier such as a hard disk, a Compact Disc (CD), a memory card or a floppy disk. The computer program comprises computer readable code which, when run on an electronic device, causes the electronic device to perform the method according to the above embodiments.

The embodiment of the present application also discloses a computer readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, which when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the application page rendering method as described in the aforementioned method embodiments of the present application.

Such a computer program product may be a computer-readable storage medium that may have memory segments, memory spaces, etc. arranged similarly to the memory 1420 in the electronic device shown in fig. 14. The program code may be stored in a computer readable storage medium, for example, compressed in a suitable form. The computer readable storage medium is typically a portable or fixed storage unit as described with reference to fig. 15. Typically, the storage unit comprises computer readable code 1430 ', said computer readable code 1430' being code read by the processor, which code, when executed by the processor, performs the steps of the method described above.

Reference herein to "one embodiment," "an embodiment," or "one or more embodiments" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the present application. Moreover, it is noted that instances of the word "in one embodiment" are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment.

In the description provided herein, numerous specific details are set forth. However, it is understood that embodiments of the application may be practiced without these specific details. In some instances, well-known methods, structures and techniques have not been shown in detail in order not to obscure an understanding of this description.

In the claims, any reference signs placed between parentheses shall not be construed as limiting the claim. The word "comprising" does not exclude the presence of elements or steps not listed in a claim. The word "a" or "an" preceding an element does not exclude the presence of a plurality of such elements. The application may be implemented by means of hardware comprising several distinct elements, and by means of a suitably programmed computer. In the unit claims enumerating several means, several of these means may be embodied by one and the same item of hardware. The usage of the words first, second and third, etcetera do not indicate any ordering. These words may be interpreted as names.

Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, and not to limit the same; although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it should be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application.

Claims

1. An application page rendering method, comprising:

2. The method of claim 1, wherein after the step of displaying the top page area of the application page according to the rendering result, the method further comprises:

sending a full page loading request to the first server;

receiving all business module data of the application page fed back by the first server aiming at the full-page loading request;

and rendering all the page areas of the application page according to all the service module data.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the first screen service module data and the skeleton screen data are obtained by:

4. The method according to claim 2, wherein all the service module data of the application page fed back by the first server for the full-page loading request are obtained by:

5. An application page rendering method, comprising:

6. The method according to claim 5, wherein after the step of feeding back the first screen service module data and the skeleton screen data of the page area outside the first screen in the application page to the application client, the method further comprises:

receiving a full-page loading request sent by the application client, wherein the full-page loading request carries a page identifier of the application page;

generating a second request for acquiring service module data according to the full-page loading request, and sending the second request to the second server, wherein the second request carries the page identifier;

receiving all service module data sent by the second server in response to the second request, wherein all the service module data are cached when the second server sends all the service module data of the application page and the skeleton screen data of the application page in response to the first request;

and sending all the service module data to the application client, so that the application client renders all the page areas of the application page according to all the service module data.

7. An application page rendering method, comprising:

8. The method according to claim 7, wherein after the step of sending all the service module data matched with the first request and the skeleton screen data of the application page to the first server, the method further comprises:

all business module data matched with the first request and skeleton screen data of the application page are subjected to associated caching with a page identifier carried in the first request;

receiving a second request for acquiring service module data sent by the first service end, wherein the second request is generated according to the page identifier carried in the full-page loading request after the first service end receives the full-page loading request sent by the application client;

responding to the second request, sending all service module data cached in association with the page identifier carried by the second request to the first server, sending all service module data to the application client through the first server, and rendering all page areas of the application page by the application client according to all service module data.

9. An application page rendering apparatus, comprising:

10. An application page rendering apparatus, comprising:

11. An application page rendering apparatus, comprising:

12. An electronic device comprising a memory, a processor, and program code stored on the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor implements the application page rendering method of any of claims 1 to 8 when executing the program code.

13. A computer-readable storage medium, on which a program code is stored, characterized in that the program code, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the application page rendering method of any of claims 1 to 8.