CN112255417B - 一种新生儿肺炎的辅助诊断试剂盒 - Google Patents

一种新生儿肺炎的辅助诊断试剂盒 Download PDF

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CN112255417B
CN112255417B CN202011091128.5A CN202011091128A CN112255417B CN 112255417 B CN112255417 B CN 112255417B CN 202011091128 A CN202011091128 A CN 202011091128A CN 112255417 B CN112255417 B CN 112255417B
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陈爱玲
陈瑛
余仁强
张岩
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种新生儿肺炎的辅助诊断试剂盒,所述试剂盒包括糖类抗原125的检测试剂盒以及高敏C反应蛋白的检测试剂盒。本发明通过新生儿肺炎的辅助诊断试剂盒中的试剂,可以实现新生儿血清中糖类抗原125以及高敏C反应蛋白的表达量的检测,从而为诊断新生儿肺炎的发生提供参考依据。

Description

一种新生儿肺炎的辅助诊断试剂盒
技术领域
本发明涉及医药技术领域,尤其是一种新生儿肺炎的辅助诊断试剂盒。
背景技术
新生肺炎是新生儿常见疾病,可发生在产前、产时或产后,是新生儿死亡的重要原因之一。其以弥漫性肺部病变及不典型的临床表现为其特点,大多数新生儿肺炎是生后感染引起的,称晚发型肺炎,主要是家庭中与新生儿密切接触的成员感冒或呼吸道感染后通过飞沫传播给新生儿的。
肺炎时,由于气体交换面积减少,和病原体的作用,可发生不同程度的缺氧和感染中毒症状,如低体温,反应差,昏迷,抽搐以及呼吸、循环衰竭。可由毒素、炎症细胞因子、缺氧及代谢紊乱、免疫功能失调引起。缺氧的发生可由于下列因素引起:小气道因炎症、水肿而增厚,管腔变小甚至堵塞。如小支气管完全堵塞,则可引起肺不张。病原菌侵入肺泡后损伤肺泡,促发炎症介质与抗炎因子的产生,加重组织破坏,使促纤维因子增加,使肺纤维化。炎症使PS(磷脂酰丝氨酸)生成减少、灭活增加,可致微型肺不张,使肺泡通气下降。肺透明膜形成、肺泡壁炎症、细胞浸润及水肿,致肺泡膜增厚,引起换气性呼吸功能不全。当细胞缺氧时,组织对氧的摄取和利用不全,加上新生儿胎儿血红蛋白高,2,3-DPG(2,3-二磷酸甘油酸)低,易造成组织缺氧,以及酸碱平衡失调,胞浆内酶系统受到损害,不能维持正常功能,可引起多脏器炎性反应及功能障碍,导致多器官功能衰竭,需及早诊断和正确处理。
该病如果不及时治疗会引起呼吸窘迫,甚至窒息,严重者会因为缺氧引起大脑损伤,留下永久的后遗症(如癫痫),一旦确证,医生会根据患儿的实际情况使用抗生素或者抗病毒的药物,并及时辅助氧疗和气道处理,纠正缺氧和电解质紊乱,避免其他并发症。
现有的诊断方式主要通过临床诊断合并X射线,而且X线检查是重要的诊断依据。X线特点因病原体不同而异,病毒感染时仅示两肺纹理粗或散在片状阴影;细菌感染时两肺野有斑片状密度增高阴影,可伴肺大疱、脓气胸。早发型B组溶血性链球菌感染肺炎胸片改变与RDS不易区别。特别是X射线的危害性,很多家长对采用X射线进行诊断较为排斥。因此,本领域亟待一种能够通过生化检测就可以进行诊断的新生儿肺炎的辅助诊断试剂盒。
发明内容
本发明针对现有技术的不足,为了解决上述问题,本发明的目的在于提供一种新生儿肺炎的辅助诊断试剂盒,该诊断试剂盒可以及早的辅助诊断出新生儿肺炎的发生。为了达到上述目的,本发明拟采用如下技术方案:
本发明涉及一种新生儿肺炎的辅助诊断试剂盒,所述试剂盒包括糖类抗原125的检测试剂盒以及高敏C反应蛋白的检测试剂盒。
糖类抗原CA125(Carbohydrate antigen 125)是一种来自于体腔上皮细胞并可表达于正常组织的糖蛋白。CA125是膜相关的粘蛋白,其具有单个跨膜结构域。CA125的独特属性是它的大尺寸。CA125是MUC1和MUC4的两倍多,含有约22,000个氨基酸,使其成为最大的膜相关粘蛋白。
CA125由三个不同的域组成:
一个N端结构域
串联重复域
一个C端域
N-末端和串联重复结构域都是完全胞外和高度O-糖基化的。所有的粘蛋白都含有一个串联重复结构域,该结构域具有重复的氨基酸序列,这些氨基酸序列在丝氨酸、苏氨酸和脯氨酸中含量很高。C端结构域包含多个细胞SEA(海胆精子蛋白、肠激酶和agrin)模块、跨膜结构域和胞质尾部。CA125的胞外区可以通过蛋白水解裂解从细胞表面释放出来。CA125被认为是从SEA模块的一个位点上裂解的。CA125是最常用的生物标志物用于卵巢癌检测。包括美国妇产科医师大会在内的医学协会建议对患有卵巢癌平均风险的女性进行常规CA-125筛查或其他筛查。而本发明创造性的发现CA125对于诊断新生儿肺炎也具有一定的作用。
C-反应蛋白(C reactiveprotein,CRP)是一种急性时相反应蛋白。高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)除用于炎症监测外,还可用于心血管疾病一级预防中冠心病发生的危险性评估。高敏C-反应蛋白的意义与传统的C反应蛋白相同,只是测定方法更精确、更敏感。C反应蛋白是心血管疾病常用检查项目之一,也是心肌损伤早期标志物之一,可用于诊断和预测心血管事件的发生、发展。速率散射比浊法在临床上已作为高敏C-反应蛋白检测的常规检测手段,它是以测定溶液对光的散射程度来判断样品抗原的含量。此法是一种抗原抗体结合反应的动态测定法,可快速、准确地测量样品中抗原的含量,并且可在多种自动化检测仪上测定结果。
在本发明的一个优选实施方式中,所述糖类抗原125的检测试剂盒以及高敏C反应蛋白的检测试剂盒为化学发光法检测试剂盒。
本发明另一方面还涉及上述试剂盒在制备诊断试剂中的用途,所述诊断试剂用于肺炎,优选是新生儿肺炎的诊断或预后。
本发明另一方面还涉及一种新生儿肺炎的辅助诊断标志物,其包括糖类抗原125以及高敏C反应蛋白。
本发明另一方面还涉及上述标志物制备诊断试剂中的用途,所述诊断试剂用于肺炎,优选是新生儿肺炎的诊断或预后。
本发明另一方面还涉及一种新生儿肺炎的诊断方法,其特征在于检测新生儿血清中糖类抗原125以及高敏C反应蛋白的表达量。
本发明通过新生儿肺炎的辅助诊断试剂盒中的试剂,可以实现新生儿血清中糖类抗原125以及高敏C反应蛋白的表达量的检测,从而为诊断新生儿肺炎的发生提供参考依据。
具体实施方式
若未特别说明,实施例中所用的技术手段为本领域技术人员所熟知的常规手段。
实施例1:
本实验例中,取26例早发性肺炎患儿作为实验组,26例早发性肺炎患儿是2019年6月至10月从无锡市妇幼保健院新生儿科收集的住院患者,结合起病时间(<出生后7d)、临床症状及胸片进行诊断。20例对照来自同时期在本新生儿科住院的未感染肺炎的健康人作为对照组。在研究对象监护人签署知情同意书后,从电子病历采集研究对象性别、出生孕周、出生体重、APGAR评分、肺炎发病时间、抗生素使用情况、辅助呼吸情况,住院时长等信息。本项目得到无锡市妇幼保健院医学伦理委员会的批准。
所有研究对象于出生后第7d采集外周血2ml进行免疫检测,血清样品在低温下静置1h后,3000rpm离心10分钟,取上层血清,采用化学发光法检测糖类抗原125(CA125)以及高敏C反应蛋白(hypersensitive CRP,hs-CRP)的表达含量,设定CA125≥10U/ml为阳性,<10U/ml为阴性,设定hs-CRP≥2mg/L为阳性,<2mg/L为阴性,实验结果如下表所示。
表1 CA125和hs-CRP表达情况对比
Figure BDA0002722147390000041
从上述实验结果可以初步判断CA125和hs-CRP的表达量与新生儿肺炎具有一定的相关性。为了进一步验证上述实验结果,接下来通过实施例2进一步证明CA125和hs-CRP的组合测定更有利于新生儿肺炎的诊断。
实施例2
再选择800名新生儿,检测其血清中CA125和hs-CRP的表达量,从中获得56名新生儿的CA125和hs-CRP至少一项为阳性,通过X射线检查进一步诊断来验证其是否患有新生儿肺炎,结果如下。
表2 新生儿诊断结果
Figure BDA0002722147390000042
Figure BDA0002722147390000051
从上表的实验结果可以看出,CA125和hs-CRP同时阳性的新生儿患有新生儿肺炎的可能性教导,预示着CA125和hs-CRP可以作为新生儿肺炎的诊断标志物。
最后,还需要说明的是,以上列举的仅是本发明的若干个具体实施例。显然,本发明不限于以上实施例,还可以有许多变形。本领域的普通技术人员能从本发明公开的内容直接导出或联想到的所有变形,均应认为是本发明的保护范围。

Claims (5)

1.一种新生儿肺炎的辅助诊断试剂盒在制备诊断试剂中的应用,所述诊断试剂用于肺炎的诊断,所述试剂盒包括糖类抗原125的检测试剂盒以及高敏C反应蛋白的检测试剂盒。
2.根据权利要求1所述的应用,所述糖类抗原125的检测试剂盒以及高敏C反应蛋白的检测试剂盒为化学发光法检测试剂盒。
3.权利要求1或2所述的应用,所述肺炎是新生儿肺炎。
4.一种新生儿肺炎的辅助诊断标志物在制备诊断试剂中的应用,所述诊断试剂用于肺炎的诊断,所述标志物包括糖类抗原125以及高敏C反应蛋白。
5.权利要求4所述的应用,所述肺炎是新生儿肺炎。
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