CN112250837B - 生物基呋喃环氧树脂以及无溶剂酸酐热固化制备生物基呋喃环氧树脂的方法 - Google Patents

生物基呋喃环氧树脂以及无溶剂酸酐热固化制备生物基呋喃环氧树脂的方法 Download PDF

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CN112250837B
CN112250837B CN202011152967.3A CN202011152967A CN112250837B CN 112250837 B CN112250837 B CN 112250837B CN 202011152967 A CN202011152967 A CN 202011152967A CN 112250837 B CN112250837 B CN 112250837B
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郭凯
孟晶晶
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李振江
朱宁
何伟
邱江凯
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Nanjing Advanced Biomaterials And Process Equipment Research Institute Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种生物基呋喃环氧树脂,所述生物基呋喃环氧树脂是由化合物A、化合物B或化合物A和化合物B任意比例的组合,与酸酐类固化剂经无溶剂熔融法反应得到的。本发明还提供了无溶剂酸酐热固化制备生物基呋喃环氧树脂的方法。本发明将不同类型的环氧树脂固化剂与生物基环氧树脂单体混合均匀后,热熔成单一相,后注模固化,得到生物基环氧树脂材料,操作过程简单,固化时间较短且未使用到溶剂,绿色程度高,所得聚合物热稳定性高。

Description

生物基呋喃环氧树脂以及无溶剂酸酐热固化制备生物基呋喃环氧树脂的方法
技术领域
本发明属于高分子合成领域,具体涉及生物基环氧树脂及其制备方法。
背景技术
环氧树脂的制备传统过程依赖于石油基化学品,通常环氧树脂单体材料在不同的固化剂的固化条件下发生交联固化,此类环氧树脂材料广泛应用于电子封装材料和涂料以及复合功能化材料中,这些材料广泛运用在工程技术和金属构件的轻量化替代中。目前,环氧树脂材料中,市场占有率最高的一类单体材料即双酚A类环氧树脂,完全依赖于石油原料,相对的市场份额仍然可以达到90%以上。鉴于双酚A类具有一定程度的生理毒性,同时以此为原料制备的聚合物材料燃烧过程中具有大量的烟灰烟尘。因此,实际应用中也会存在较大的安全隐患,同时,在制备过程中往往因为原料有效混合反应过程中需要加入大量的有机溶剂,使得反应过程绿色化程度相应降低,溶剂体系的残留也会导致材料性能的降低。
为此,基于可持续性发展和绿色化学的发展要求,开展生物基替代性研究是聚合物材料发展的必然。鉴于目前糖化学的快速发展,以此为基础衍生得到的糖类呋喃基材料应运而出。
2015年,刘小青等报道了基于一种呋喃二甲酸环氧树脂经酸酐固化的制备方法,该过程使用了二氯甲烷作为溶剂来实现原料与酸酐的室温混匀,后在30℃下经真空釜脱除有机溶剂,所得固态混合物再进行升温固化。此过程中二氯甲烷的使用使得反应绿色化程度降低,借助于溶液分散法使得整个聚合过程显得复杂,除去真空除去溶剂过程中,由于干物料自身比重不同,也容易再度出现分散不匀的情况(Jun Deng,Xiaoqing Liu,*Chao Li,Yanhua Jiang and Jin Zhu,Synthesis and properties of a bio-based epoxy resinfrom 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid(FDCA),RSC Adv.,2015,5,15930–15939)。
2019年,Veronica Ambrogi等报道了一种呋喃二醇环氧树脂单体与甲基纳迪克酸酐的固化反应,反应过程使用了使用环氧单元和酸酐单元的摩尔比在1.42~2.33之间,可见,环氧官能团在实际使用过程中过量。此报道中也并未涉及到其他不同种类结构的酸酐类固化剂(Angela Marotta,Noemi Faggio,Veronica Ambrogi*,PierfrancescoCerruti*,Gennaro Gentile,Alice Mija,Curing Behavior and Properties ofSustainable Furan-Based Epoxy/Anhydride Resins,Biomacromolecules 2019,20,3831-3841)。此外,2019年,我们也曾报道了有机胺无溶剂固化法实现糖基呋喃环氧树脂的制备(CN201910539977.3,CN201811554665.1和CN201910539688.3),但其中也并未涉及到酸酐对上述类似结构呋喃环氧的固化研究。因此,进一步拓展通过酸酐类化合物无溶剂固化环氧树脂材料,具有良好的研究和应用价值,也是生物基材料功能转化应用研究的前沿方向之一。
发明内容
技术问题:为了符合可持续性发展和绿色化学的发展要求,本发明提供了一种生物基呋喃环氧树脂以及无溶剂酸酐热固化制备生物基呋喃环氧树脂的方法。
技术方案:本发明提供了一种生物基呋喃环氧树脂,所述生物基呋喃环氧树脂是由化合物A、化合物B或化合物A和化合物B任意比例的组合,与酸酐类固化剂经无溶剂熔融法反应得到的;
所述化合物A和化合物B结构式如下:
Figure BDA0002741753380000021
所述酸酐类固化剂为化合物E~化合物J中的一种或者化合物E~化合物J按照不同官能团比的混合;所述化合物E~化合物J的结构式如下:
Figure BDA0002741753380000022
本发明还提供了无溶剂酸酐热固化制备生物基呋喃环氧树脂的方法,包含以下步骤:
(1)将环氧树脂单体经过脱氧过程得到脱氧环氧树脂单体;
(2)氮气氛围下,加热,向步骤(1)所得的脱氧环氧树脂单体中加入固化剂,加热搅拌熔融,浇注于模具中;
(3)将步骤(2)中的物料体系高温固化箱中高温固化,后冷却,脱模即得到相应的环氧树脂。
步骤(1)中,所述环氧树脂单体为化合物A、化合物B或者化合物A和B任意比例的组合,其结构式如下:
Figure BDA0002741753380000031
所述环氧树脂单体为呋喃类化合物与环氧氯丙烷反应得到,所述呋喃类化合物为化合物C或化合物D,结构式如下:
Figure BDA0002741753380000032
步骤(2)中,所述的固化剂为酸酐类固化剂。
步骤(2)中,所述的酸酐类固化剂为化合物E~化合物K中的一种或者化合物E~化合物K按照不同官能团比的混合;所述化合物E~化合物K的结构式如下:
Figure BDA0002741753380000033
步骤(2)中,固化剂的添加量使环氧树脂单体中环氧乙烷官能团与固化剂中的酸酐摩尔比控制在1:0.5~1:0.75之间,优选为1:0.45~1:0.55。
步骤(2)中,加热搅拌熔融的温度为110~180℃,优选温度120~160℃。
步骤(2)中,反应体系还包括催化剂,所述催化剂为4-(5-甲基-1H-咪唑基-2-基)哌啶,2-异丙基-4-甲基咪唑,2-乙酰基-5-甲基咪唑,2-乙基-4-甲基咪唑,4-甲基-2-苯基咪唑,4-甲基-5-咪唑甲酸乙酯,甲基苯并咪唑,2-环丙基-1H-苯并咪唑等咪唑类化合物。
步骤(2)中,所述催化剂使用量为脱氧环氧树脂单体的0.1~5mol%,优选为1~2mol%。
步骤(3)中,固化温度为130~180℃,优选为150~180℃;固化时间为1~10h,优选为1~4h。
有益效果:本发明将不同类型的环氧树脂固化剂与生物基环氧树脂单体混合均匀后,热熔成单一相,后注模固化,得到生物基环氧树脂材料,操作过程简单,固化时间较短且未使用到溶剂,绿色程度高,所得聚合物热稳定性高。
附图说明
图1为实施例1制得的聚合物I的TG曲线。
图2为实施例2制得的聚合物II的TG曲线。
图3为实施例3制得的聚合物III的TG曲线。
图4为实施例4制得的聚合物IV的TG曲线。
图5为实施例4制得的聚合物V的TG曲线。
图6为实施例4制得的聚合物VI的TG曲线。
图7为实施例4制得的聚合物VII的TG曲线。
具体实施方式
根据下述实施例,可以更好地理解本发明。然而本领域的技术人员容易理解,实施例所描述的内容仅用于说明本发明,而不应当也不会限制权利要求书中所详细描述的本发明。
权利要求书中,所有出现的数值(端点值)在说明书中均需要体现,实施例给的是
实施例1
向反应瓶中按顺序加入呋喃环氧树脂单体A(2.4g)和降冰片烯二酸酐G(1.65g)和催化剂2-乙基-4-甲基咪唑(0.020g),然后搅拌混合均匀,氮气保护下从室温梯度加热,160℃完全呈现均一液体,后继续升温,180℃左右体系固化完全,后冷却得到相应的环氧聚合物I,最大分解温度326℃。
实施例2
向反应瓶中按顺序加入呋喃环氧树脂单体A(2.4g)和2,2-二甲基琥珀酸酐E(1.28g)和催化剂2-乙基-4-甲基咪唑(0.018g),然后搅拌混合均匀,氮气保护下从室温梯度加热,100℃完全呈现均一液体,后继续升温,160℃左右体系固化完全,后冷却得到相应的环氧聚合物II,最大分解温度376℃。
实施例3
向反应瓶中按顺序加入呋喃环氧树脂单体A(2.4g)和六氟二酐H(2.221g)和催化剂2-乙基-4-甲基咪唑(0.023g),然后搅拌混合均匀,氮气保护下从室温梯度加热,120℃完全呈现均一液体,后继续升温,160℃左右体系固化完全,后冷却得到相应的环氧聚合物III,最大分解温度392℃。
实施例4
向反应瓶中按顺序加入呋喃环氧树脂单体A(2.4g)和丁二酸酐F(1.00g)和催化剂2-乙基-4-甲基咪唑(0.017g),然后搅拌混合均匀,氮气保护下从室温梯度加热,130℃完全呈现均一液体,后继续升温,170℃左右体系固化完全,后冷却得到相应的环氧聚合物IV,最大分解温度365℃。
实施例5
向反应瓶中按顺序加入呋喃环氧树脂单体A(2.4g)和甲基纳迪克酸酐K(1.78g)和催化剂2-乙基-4-甲基咪唑(0.02g),然后搅拌混合均匀,氮气保护下从室温梯度加热,150℃完全呈现均一液体,后继续升温,170℃左右体系固化完全,后冷却得到相应的环氧聚合物V,最大分解温度331℃。
实施例6
向反应瓶中按顺序加入呋喃环氧树脂单体A(2.4g)和柠康酸酐I(1.12g)和催化剂2-乙基-4-甲基咪唑(0.03g),然后搅拌混合均匀,氮气保护下从室温梯度加热,130℃完全呈现均一液体,后继续升温,145℃左右体系固化完全,后冷却得到相应的环氧聚合物VI,最大分解温度328℃。
实施例7
向反应瓶中按顺序加入呋喃环氧树脂单体A(2.4g)和顺丁烯二酸酐J(0.98g)和催化剂2-乙基-4-甲基咪唑(0.017g),然后搅拌混合均匀,氮气保护下从室温梯度加热,150℃完全呈现均一液体,后继续升温,166℃左右体系固化完全,后冷却得到相应的环氧聚合物VII,最大分解温度216℃。

Claims (1)

1.无溶剂酸酐热固化制备生物基呋喃环氧树脂的方法,其特征在于:包含以下步骤:
(1)将环氧树脂单体经过脱氧过程得到脱氧环氧树脂单体;
所述环氧树脂单体为化合物A、化合物B或者化合物A和B任意比例的组合,其结构式如下:
Figure FDA0004146116300000011
所述环氧树脂单体为呋喃类化合物与环氧氯丙烷反应得到,所述呋喃类化合物为化合物C或化合物D,结构式如下:
Figure FDA0004146116300000012
(2)氮气氛围下,加热,向步骤(1)所得的脱氧环氧树脂单体中加入固化剂,加热搅拌熔融,浇注于模具中;
所述的固化剂为酸酐类固化剂;
所述酸酐类固化剂为化合物E或化合物H中的一种或者化合物E或化合物H按照不同官能团比的混合;所述化合物E或化合物H的结构式如下:
Figure FDA0004146116300000013
固化剂的添加量使环氧树脂单体中环氧乙烷官能团与固化剂中的酸酐摩尔比控制在1:0.5~1:0.75之间;
加热搅拌熔融的温度为110~180℃;
反应体系还包括催化剂,所述催化剂为4-(5-甲基-1H-咪唑基-2-基)哌啶,2-异丙基-4-甲基咪唑,2-乙酰基-5-甲基咪唑,2-乙基-4-甲基咪唑,4-甲基-2-苯基咪唑,4-甲基-5-咪唑甲酸乙酯,甲基苯并咪唑,2-环丙基-1H-苯并咪唑;
所述催化剂使用量为脱氧环氧树脂单体的0.1~5mol%;
(3)将步骤(2)中的物料体系高温固化箱中高温固化,后冷却,脱模即得到相应的环氧树脂;
步骤(3)中,固化温度为130~180℃,固化时间为1~10h。
CN202011152967.3A 2020-10-26 2020-10-26 生物基呋喃环氧树脂以及无溶剂酸酐热固化制备生物基呋喃环氧树脂的方法 Active CN112250837B (zh)

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