CN112250130B - 一种基于加湿除湿过程的多模式净水系统 - Google Patents
一种基于加湿除湿过程的多模式净水系统 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于水处理技术领域,尤其涉及一种基于加湿除湿过程的多模式净水系统。主要包括卡诺循环回路,多孔材料,轴流风机和箱体。所述卡诺循环装置由压缩机、散热器、膨胀阀以及冷凝器组成。多孔材料、散热器、轴流风机与冷凝器放置在可调箱体中,其中多孔材料与散热器近距离贴合,可调箱体两侧门可开启,该系统可以实现三种模式下的清洁水制取和废水浓缩。本发明的基于加湿除湿过程的多模式净水系统,通过加热蒸发废水获得浓缩液,以及利用水蒸气蒸发或者空气中水蒸气进行冷凝获得清洁水。本发明多模式净水系统对于多种环境下的清洁水制取应用具有重要意义,同时易于串联工作,可应用于全范围湿度内的清洁水制取。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于水处理技术领域,尤其涉及一种基于加湿除湿过程的多模式净水系统。
背景技术
随着社会经济的发展与人口的增加,淡水资源匮乏逐渐成为了仅次于全球气候变暖的世界第二大环境问题。有研究表明,预计到2025年,全球近1/3人口缺水。为了保证人类社会的健康可持续发展,除了通过节约水资源等科学的管理水资源外,开发海水淡化、污水处理再利用等水处理新技术也逐渐成为了一种解决方案。已逐渐形成了以热蒸馏、反渗透法和电渗析等的主流技术。目前的热蒸馏技术也同样面对着设备装置复杂,大型产业化以及单工况运行等问题。
如何降低蒸发浓缩过程的能量消耗、提升冷凝效率、增加产水率、高效稳定的运转、小型模块化可扩展和适用于不同环境需求一直是本领域亟待解决的问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提出一种基于加湿除湿过程的多模式净水系统,通过引入工质循环驱动的卡诺循环回路,冷热温差交替,提供热能和强制对流,加快蒸发速度以及低温的制冷散热片冷凝吸收热能,以进行海水淡化,废水浓缩以及空气制水等工作。
本发明提出的基于加湿除湿过程的多模式净水系统,包括散热器、多孔材料、轴流风机、冷凝器、箱体,膨胀阀、压缩机、前门和后门;所述的散热器、多孔材料、轴流风机和冷凝器置于箱体中,散热器和多孔材料相互贴合;所述的压缩机、散热器、膨胀阀和冷凝器依次头尾连接成为一个封闭的卡诺循环回路,散热器的下端分别通过膨胀阀和压缩机与冷凝器相连;所述的箱体的下部通过隔板隔开成浓缩废水池和清洁水池,所述的可调箱体上设有废水入口、废水浓缩液出口和清洁水出口,废水入口通过布水管与多孔材料相连,废水浓缩液出口与浓缩废水池相连,清洁水出口与清洁水池相连;所述的箱体的废水浓缩液出口侧安装有前门,所述的箱体5的清洁水出口侧安装有后门。
上述多模式净水系统中,所述的多孔材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)使功能材料溶解于水,得到功能材料的水溶液,功能材料的质量百分比浓度为0.01~10%,所述的功能材料为氧化石墨烯、碳纳米管或聚乙烯醇;
(2)将功能材料水溶液置于低温冷阱中冷冻为冰晶块体;
(3)将冰晶块体置于低温真空干燥机中,进行冷冻干燥处理,冷冻干燥温度为-100~-10℃,真空压力为0.1~20Pa,干燥时间为0.5~10d,得到功能材料构筑的多孔材料。
上述多模式净水系统中的多孔材料,其孔隙率为10~99%,多孔材料的平均孔径为10纳米~10厘米。
本发明提出的基于加湿除湿过程的多模式净水系统,其优点是:
1、本发明的基于加湿除湿过程的多模式净水系统,具有水蒸气密度大、高冷凝面积等优秀的特性,通过引入工质循环驱动的冷热温差交替,可以提供热能和强制对流加快蒸发速度以及低温的制冷散热片冷凝吸收热能,产生高效的能量回用效果。
2、本发明的多模式净水系统,通过引入工质循环驱动的卡诺循环回路,可以进行海水淡化、废水浓缩以及空气制水等工作,而且高效地制备清洁水,高效地进行能源转换,系统结构小型集成化,工作状态可以多功能可切换。
3、本发明的多模式净水系统,其中的箱体上设置了前门和后门,使净水系统具备封闭体系和开放体系的多工况运营功能。关闭箱体门时,具备环境水蒸气的高转换率和使用率;开启箱体门时,具备高速的产水能力。
4、本发明的多模式净水系统中,使用了风向可逆的可调风机,使水蒸气蒸发冷凝片对流风向的改变,适用于多种工作环境。其中的风机增加了系统内的对流速度,结合卡诺循环回路,保证了高效的空气除湿能力。
5、本发明的多模式净水系统中,结合可调箱体的废水进口与废水浓缩液出口,能够实现污水的高效浓缩,可以高效持续的运行,系统中的管路不容易堵塞和结垢。
6、本发明的多模式净水系统中,根据不同废水浓缩需求可以进行模块化串联,即将上一个净水系统的废水浓缩液出口作为下一个净水系统的废水入口,也可以将上一个净水系统的冷凝端出风口作为下一个净水系统的蒸发器入口,进行多余风的重复利用,以节约能源。
本发明上述的和/或附加的方面和优点从下面结合附图对实施方式的描述中将变得明显和容易理解,并可依照说明书的内容予以实施。
附图说明
图1为基于加湿除湿过程的多模式净水系统的结构示意图。
图2和图3为本发明的另外两个实施例的结构示意图。
图1-图3中,1是散热器,2是多孔材料,3是轴流风机,4是冷凝器,5是箱体,6是膨胀阀,7是压缩机,8是前门,9是后门。
具体实施方式
本发明提出的基于加湿除湿过程的多模式净水系统,其结构如图1所示,包括散热器1、多孔材料2、轴流风机3、冷凝器4、箱体5,膨胀阀6、压缩机7、前门8和后门9;所述的散热器1、多孔材料2、轴流风机3和冷凝器4置于箱体5中,散热器1和多孔材料2相互贴合;所述的压缩机7、散热器1、膨胀阀6和冷凝器4依次头尾连接成为一个封闭的卡诺循环回路,散热器1的下端分别通过膨胀阀6和压缩机7与冷凝器4相连;所述的箱体5的下部通过隔板隔开成浓缩废水池和清洁水池,所述的可调箱体5上设有废水入口、废水浓缩液出口和清洁水出口,废水入口通过布水管与多孔材料2相连,废水浓缩液出口与浓缩废水池相连,清洁水出口与清洁水池相连;所述的箱体5的废水浓缩液出口侧安装有前门8,所述的箱体5的清洁水出口侧安装有后门9。
上述多模式净水系统中,所述的多孔材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)使功能材料溶解于水,得到功能材料的水溶液,功能材料的质量百分比浓度为0.01~10%,所述的功能材料为氧化石墨烯、碳纳米管或聚乙烯醇;
(2)将功能材料水溶液置于低温冷阱中冷冻为冰晶块体;
(3)将冰晶块体置于低温真空干燥机中,进行冷冻干燥处理,冷冻干燥温度为-100~-10℃,真空压力为0.1~20Pa,干燥时间为0.5~10d,得到功能材料构筑的多孔材料。
上述多模式净水系统中的多孔材料的孔隙率为10~99%,多孔材料的平均孔径为10纳米~10厘米。
以下结合附图,详细介绍本发明多模式净水系统的工作原理和工作过程:
当环境相对湿度较低时,本发明多模式净水系统的工作模式如图1所示,工作时,关闭箱体5的前门8和后门9,废水由废水入口通过布水管(图中未示出)导入多孔材料2,废水从多孔材料2的上端流向下端,轴流风机3运转,内部风向由散热器1,经过多孔材料2和轴流风机,流向冷凝器4,废水在多孔材料2上将水蒸发变成水蒸气,水蒸气流向冷凝器4,水蒸气在冷凝器4上冷凝成水滴,并且集结流到下部清洁水池中,通过清洁水出口流出,供人饮用或用作灌溉等。卡诺循环回路的作用是在多孔材料2端,增加废水的热量、提高水的温度,提升水蒸气的转换率,在冷凝器4冷凝,通过压缩机7将回路内部的气体工作介质压缩成高温高压状态,气体工作介质流向散热器1中,散发热量,通过轴流风机3的对流,水吸热蒸发;同时,散热器1内的高温高压气体液体流向膨胀阀6,转换为低温低压的工作介质,并在冷凝器4上吸收热量,水蒸气在冷凝器4处放热冷凝成水滴。卡诺循环回路的内部为封闭的系统,在相对湿度较低时封闭箱体,未被冷凝的水蒸气循环回到散热器1,再次循环至冷凝器4产生清洁水。封闭的内部环境有利于内部高湿度的形成,废水转化为清洁水的效率增加。
当环境相对湿度为中等时,本发明多模式净水系统的工作模式如图2所示,系统工作时,开启前门8与后门9,废水由废水入口通过布水管(图中未示出)导入多孔材料2,废水从多孔材料2的上端流向下端,轴流风机3运转,内部风向由散热器1,经过多孔材料2和轴流风机,流向冷凝器4,废水在多孔材料2上将水蒸发变成水蒸气,水蒸气流向冷凝器4,并在冷凝器4上冷凝成水滴,水滴集结流到下部清洁水池中,通过清洁水出口流出箱体5,供人饮用或灌溉等。卡诺循环回路的作用是在多孔材料2端,增加废水的热量、提高水的温度,提升水蒸气的转换率,在冷凝器4冷凝,通过压缩机7将卡诺循环回路内部气体工作介质压缩成高温高压状态,气体工作介质流向散热器1中,散发热量,通过轴流风机3的对流,水吸热蒸发;同时,冷凝器4放热后的低温高压液体工作介质流向膨胀阀6,转换为低温低压的工作介质,并在冷凝器4上吸收热量,水蒸气在冷凝器4处放热冷凝成水滴。箱体5的内部为开放系统,当环境湿度相对为中等时,增加了对流的速度,并且利用了环境中能量,废水转化为清洁水的速度加快。
当环境相对湿度较高时,本发明多模式净水系统的工作模式如图3所示,系统工作时,开启前门8和后门9,轴流风机3反转,高湿度空气从箱体5的后门9进入,流经冷凝器4直接冷凝成水滴,水流向清洁水池,通过清洁水出口流出箱体5,供人饮用或灌溉等用途;冷凝后的干空气流经轴流风机3、多孔材料2、散热器1,从前门8流出,没有废水的生产,减少污染物的排放,简单方便。箱体5的内部为开放系统,在高相对湿度下,增加了对流的速度,并且利用了环境中的能量和水蒸气,高湿度空气转化为清洁水的速度加快,起到了空气除湿的效果。
本发明的多模式净水系统中,多孔材料2的制备过程中使用的功能材料,可以选取氧化石墨烯、碳纳米管或聚乙烯醇等;多孔材料2还可以选取高分子材料,聚合物,无纺棉,编织纤维,带有孔径的金属或非金属结构等;制备多孔结构的工艺可以是冷冻干燥、纺织,电沉积,化学刻蚀和3D打印等等。
本发明的实施例中,当使用氧化石墨烯作为制备多孔材料的功能材料时,氧化石墨烯的质量百分比浓度为1.5%,溶液总量为100g,进行冷冻干燥处理时是温度为-47℃,真空压力为10Pa,干燥时间为3天,得到的多孔材料的孔隙率为99%,多孔材料的平均孔径为100微米。
本发明的实施例中,当使用碳纳米管作为制备多孔材料的功能材料时,碳纳米管的质量百分比浓度为0.5%,溶液总量为50g,进行冷冻干燥处理时是温度为-55℃,真空压力为6Pa,干燥时间为2天,得到的多孔材料的孔隙率为99.3%,多孔材料的平均孔径为30微米。
本发明的实施例中,当使用聚乙烯醇作为制备多孔材料的功能材料时,聚乙烯醇的质量百分比浓度为5%,溶液总量为200g,进行冷冻干燥处理时是温度为-45℃,真空压力为15Pa,干燥时间为5天,得到的多孔材料的孔隙率为91%,多孔材料的平均孔径为300微米。
本发明的多模式净水系统中,卡诺循环回路中使用的压缩工质,可以依据功率、环保和安全性多方面需求选定,可以采用R404A(五氟乙烷/三氟乙烷/四氟乙烷混合物),R410A(二氟甲烷/五氟乙烷混合物),R134a(四氟乙烷)等,制冷剂的供应公司可选杜邦、霍尼韦尔、浙江巨化等(制冷剂的型号就是它的简称,如R134a)。卡诺循环回路中的压缩机的选型应依据系统的设计的冷凝功率进行匹配,从市售压缩机中选择。
本发明的多模式净水系统中,所述散热器和冷凝器的选型可以采用排浪科技公司的BD35A直流冷风机组、BD65HC直流冷凝机组或BD65HC直流冷凝机组等产品。根据制冷功耗选择,换热量范围125W-4250W。
本发明的多模式净水系统中,箱体5的材料可以是金属材料,非金属材料,有机材料、无机材料等等;制备可调箱体的加工工艺可以是锻造、拉拔、铸造、3D打等等。系统其它组件的制备工艺与材料选取服务于其所实现的功能。
本发明的多模式净水系统中,箱体5两侧的前门8和后门9可设计成向上开启、两侧开启或者折叠门开启等多种形式。也可选用平开门、弹簧门、推拉门、转门或者折叠门等方式,具体选择根据工作环境需求选取。其中的轴流风机3可以为风向可逆的风机或者带有轴流风机可翻转的风机系统中的任何一种。轴流风机3还需要根据不同环境、不同产水速率需求等选定,可以采用兢钮科技有限公司GN2580HA11SL、GN38120HA22SL等产品,具体型号根据冷凝器和散热器的尺寸而定。
Claims (3)
1.一种基于加湿除湿过程的多模式净水系统,其特征在于,该多模式净水系统包括散热器、多孔材料、轴流风机、冷凝器、箱体,膨胀阀、压缩机、前门和后门;所述的散热器、多孔材料、轴流风机和冷凝器置于箱体中,散热器和多孔材料相互贴合;所述的压缩机、散热器、膨胀阀和冷凝器依次头尾连接成为一个封闭的卡诺循环回路,散热器的下端分别通过膨胀阀和压缩机与冷凝器相连;所述的箱体的下部通过隔板隔开成浓缩废水池和清洁水池,所述的箱体上设有废水入口、废水浓缩液出口和清洁水出口,废水入口通过布水管与多孔材料相连,废水浓缩液出口与浓缩废水池相连,清洁水出口与清洁水池相连;所述的箱体的废水浓缩液出口侧安装有前门,所述的箱体的清洁水出口侧安装有后门,其中所述的多孔材料的孔隙率为10~99%。
2.如权利要求1所述的多模式净水系统,其特征在于,其中所述的多孔材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)使功能材料溶解于水,得到功能材料的水溶液,功能材料的质量百分比浓度为0.01~10%,所述的功能材料为氧化石墨烯、碳纳米管或聚乙烯醇;
(2)将功能材料水溶液置于低温冷阱中冷冻为冰晶块体;
(3)将冰晶块体置于低温真空干燥机中,进行冷冻干燥处理,冷冻干燥温度为-100~-10oC,真空压力为0.1~20Pa,干燥时间为0.5~10d,得到功能材料构筑的多孔材料。
3.如权利要求1所述的多模式净水系统,其特征在于,多孔材料的平均孔径为10纳米~10厘米。
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