CN112228871B

CN112228871B - Cyclone and combustion device

Info

Publication number: CN112228871B
Application number: CN202011239227.3A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 李浩蓁; 林继铭; 杨建红; 张勇; 范伟; 林得福
Original assignee: Huaqiao University
Current assignee: Huaqiao University
Priority date: 2020-11-09
Filing date: 2020-11-09
Publication date: 2024-06-07
Anticipated expiration: 2040-11-09
Also published as: CN112228871A

Abstract

The invention discloses a cyclone and a combustion device, wherein the cyclone comprises a cyclone blade structure, the cyclone blade structure comprises a plurality of cyclone blades, a blunt body, an inner ring wall and an outer ring wall, wherein the blunt body, the inner ring wall and the outer ring wall are arranged in a concentric circle array from inside to outside, the cyclone blades are fixed on the blunt body and uniformly arranged around the circumference of the blunt body, the free tail ends of the cyclone blades sequentially penetrate through the inner ring wall and the outer ring wall, a hollowed-out connecting part is connected between the outer ring wall and the inner ring wall, the blunt body is a circular cover body, the center of the end face of the circular cover body protrudes outwards from the circular cover body along the axial direction to form a cone tip part, a first through hole is arranged on the cone tip part of the blunt body, a second through hole is arranged on the part of the end face of the cover body, and the width of each cyclone blade gradually decreases from inside to outside along the radial direction. The combustion device comprises a combustion cylinder, a plurality of fuel air inlet spray pipes and a cyclone. They have the following advantages: ensures stable and full combustion and reduces the emission of pollutants.

Description

Cyclone and combustion device

Technical Field

The present invention relates to a cyclone and a combustion apparatus.

Background

Natural gas is called clean energy because of its high efficiency of combustion and low content of pollutants in combustion products, and with the development of society, people have increasingly high requirements on living environment, and natural gas has been used as a main energy source more and more widely.

A combustion device is a device that converts chemical energy of fuel into thermal energy. The basic purpose of the combustion device is to reasonably organize the combustion process of fuel in the heat exchange device so as to ensure that the work of the combustion device meets the requirements of technology, economy and environmental protection. The method of burning fuel and the rational structure of the burning device have a direct and important influence on the thermal process. In the case of combustion devices, whether applied to gas turbine combustors or boiler combustors in the industrial field or to main combustors and afterburners of aeroengines in the aeronautical field, the combustion device not only maintains the high combustion efficiency of the combustors, but also ensures stable combustion of fuel after ignition, does not cause problems such as blow out, flashback and the like, and simultaneously controls the discharge of pollutant products such as nitrogen oxides. Swirl is one of the most efficient ways to stabilize the flame, and the swirler is the source of swirl generation, through which air passes to create a recirculation zone where the fuel is thoroughly mixed and burned stably and efficiently, and also reduces the generation of contaminants.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a cyclone and a combustion device, which solve the problems of low combustion efficiency, unstable combustion and higher pollutant emission in the combustion device in the background technology.

The technical scheme adopted for solving the technical problems is as follows:

The utility model provides a swirler, it includes the whirl blade structure, this whirl blade structure includes a plurality of whirl blades, the blunt body, inner circle wall and outer lane wall, this blunt body, inner circle wall and outer lane wall are concentric circle array from inside to outside and lay, the fixed end of this a plurality of whirl blades is fixed on this blunt body and evenly arrange around this blunt body circumference, have the same slope contained angle between this a plurality of whirl blades and the circumference tangent line, the free end of this a plurality of whirl blades runs through this inner circle wall and outer lane wall in proper order and makes this a plurality of whirl blades at least partly stretch out outside this outer lane wall, be connected with the fretwork connecting portion that supplies the air current to pass through between this outer lane wall and the inner circle wall, this blunt body is circular lid, the terminal surface center of this circular lid is followed the outside protruding formation cone point of axial to circular lid, a plurality of first through-holes that supply the air current to pass through on this blunt point portion of this round cone point portion have laid a plurality of supply air current on this lid terminal surface, the width of this every blade radially from inside gradually reduces.

In one embodiment: the cyclone vane structure also comprises annular bodies coaxially arranged at the periphery of the cyclone vane structure at intervals, the free tail ends of the cyclone vanes are positioned between the outer ring wall and the annular bodies, and a plurality of ventilation structures for air flow to pass through are uniformly arranged on the annular bodies at intervals along the circumferential direction.

In one embodiment: a plurality of third through holes for air flow to pass through are arranged on the cyclone blades between the outer ring wall and the inner ring wall.

In one embodiment: the connecting part is arranged between the outer ring wall, the inner ring wall and one end face with the same protruding direction of the cone tip part, the connecting part is a plate ring which covers the space between the outer ring wall and the inner ring wall and extends along the space, the cross section of the plate ring is in an arc shape protruding towards the protruding direction of the cone tip part, and a plurality of fourth through holes which enable the connecting part to be in a hollow structure are arranged on the plate ring.

In one embodiment: the ventilation structure is a hollow cylinder, the central axis of the hollow cylinder is parallel to the central axis of the annular body, one end of the hollow cylinder is an opening end into which air flows, the opening end is fixed on the annular body, the other end of the hollow cylinder is a closed blind end, and a fifth through hole for the air to pass through is formed in the end face of the blind end.

In one embodiment: the side of the hollow cylinder of the ventilation structure is provided with a sixth through hole for air flow to pass through, and at least one sixth through hole 212 faces the radial centers of the ventilation structures.

In one embodiment: the size of the first through hole is smaller than that of the second through hole.

In one embodiment: the fourth through holes are distributed in an array.

In one embodiment: the inclined included angle between the rotational flow blades and the circumferential tangential line is 25-65 degrees, and the number of the rotational flow blades is 12-30.

In one embodiment: the swirl vanes at least have two centrosymmetric positions and are fixedly provided with a disturbance structure for disturbing air flow.

A combustion apparatus comprising a combustion bowl, a plurality of fuel inlet lances and a swirler according to any one of claims 2 to 10, the swirler being disposed on an air flow upstream side of the combustion bowl and coaxially mounted thereto, the plurality of fuel inlet lances being circumferentially uniformly spaced between the outer collar wall and the annular body.

Compared with the background technology, the technical proposal has the following advantages:

1. According to the cyclone, through the arrangement of the outer ring wall and the inner ring wall and the gradual reduction of the widths of the cyclone blades from inside to outside in the radial direction, different cyclone intensity areas are formed in the radial direction, the cyclone intensity is stronger at the position closer to the center, the cyclone intensity is lower at the position closer to the periphery, the combustion stability is fundamentally ensured, the oxygen concentration is reduced, the combustion is more uniform, and no obvious local high-temperature area exists. The whole combustion area is divided into a central combustion area for fuel-rich combustion and a peripheral combustion area for fuel-lean combustion, wherein the central combustion area can inhibit the generation of nitrogen oxides, the peripheral combustion area is a fuel-lean premixed gas, the combustion temperature is low, and the effect of reducing the emission of the nitrogen oxides is achieved.

2. The swirl vanes are provided with disturbance structures, so that the mixing of fuel and air is enhanced, the mixing is more uniform, and the combustion efficiency is improved.

3. The hollowed-out connecting part connected between the outer ring wall and the inner ring wall can increase the resistance of air flowing through, and increase the residence time of the air in a combustion area, so that fuel and air are fully mixed at the combustion area, combustion is more complete, combustion efficiency is higher, and emission of nitrogen oxides is reduced.

4. The arrangement of the annular body can improve the mixing degree of fuel gas and other gases in the furnace and increase the turbulence degree in the furnace, so that the distribution of a temperature field and a fuel gas field in the furnace is more uniform, the distribution of the temperature of air flow and the distribution of fuel gas in the furnace are improved, the fuel gas in the furnace is promoted to burn out, and the fuel gas is fully and stably combusted in a limited combustion space.

5. The cone tip and the end face of the blunt body are respectively provided with the first through hole and the second through hole, so that the contact area of fuel gas and air can be enlarged, and the combustion is more uniform.

6. A burner is composed of a burner cylinder, a cyclone unit arranged on the upper side of the burner cylinder, and several fuel inlet nozzles uniformly distributed between the outer ring wall and annular body. The method is favorable for forming strong rotation disturbance, so that an aerodynamic field which is more suitable for combustion is formed in the combustion cylinder, the disturbance of combustion air flow is enhanced, the combustion state of the combustion cylinder is more stable, the combustion strength is enhanced due to the enhanced mixing degree of the combustion air and the combustion gas, and the combustion torch in the combustion cylinder is shortened, therefore, the inner size of the combustion cylinder can be correspondingly reduced on the premise of having the same combustion load, and meanwhile, the combustion efficiency and the thermal efficiency of the combustion device are further improved due to the smaller inner size of the combustion cylinder. The cyclone is arranged in the combustion device, so that a negative pressure backflow area is formed in the inner center of the combustion cylinder, the timely backflow of high-temperature flue gas is ensured, and the combustion is more sufficient.

Drawings

The invention is further described below with reference to the drawings and examples.

FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a cyclone;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing a second perspective view of the cyclone;

FIG. 3 illustrates a front view of a combustion apparatus;

Fig. 4 shows a side view of the combustion device.

Detailed Description

Referring to fig. 1 and 2, a cyclone 100 includes a cyclone vane structure 1, the cyclone vane structure 1 includes a plurality of cyclone vanes 11, a blunt body 12, an inner ring wall 13 and an outer ring wall 14, the blunt body 12, the inner ring wall 13 and the outer ring wall 14 are arranged in concentric circular array from inside to outside, the fixed ends of the plurality of cyclone vanes 11 are fixed on the blunt body 12 and uniformly arranged around the circumference of the blunt body 12, the plurality of cyclone vanes 11 and the circumferential tangential line have the same inclined included angle, the free ends of the plurality of cyclone vanes 1 sequentially penetrate through the inner ring wall 13 and the outer ring wall 14 and make the plurality of cyclone vanes 11 extend out of the outer ring wall 14 at least partially, the width of each cyclone vane 1 gradually decreases from inside to outside in radial direction, a hollow connecting portion 15 through which air flows is connected between the outer ring wall 14 and the inner ring wall 13, the blunt body 12 is a circular cover, the end face center of the circular cover axially protrudes outwards to form a cone, a plurality of through holes 121 through which air flows are arranged on the cone tip of the blunt body 12, and a plurality of through holes 121 through which air flows are arranged around the tip of the cone cover. The swirl vanes 11 located between the outer and inner annular walls 14, 13 are provided with a plurality of third through holes 111 for the passage of air flow. The outer ring wall 14 and the inner ring wall 13 are both circular.

Specifically, the number of the first through holes 121 gradually increases from the top to the bottom, and the size of the first through holes 121 is smaller than that of the second through holes 122. The cone tip of the blunt body is conical, and the included angle between the conical surface and the axial direction is 45 degrees.

Specifically, the inclined included angle between the swirl vanes 11 and the circumferential tangential line is 25-65 degrees, and the number of the swirl vanes 11 is 12-30. The fixed ends of the swirl vanes 11 are fixed specifically on the circular side face of the cover body of the blunt body 12.

Specifically, the connecting portion 15 is disposed between the outer ring wall 14, the inner ring wall 13 and one end face of the cone tip, where the end face is consistent with the protruding direction of the cone tip, the connecting portion 15 is a plate ring covering the space between the outer ring wall 14 and the inner ring wall 13 and extending along the space, the cross section of the plate ring is in an arc shape protruding toward the protruding direction of the cone tip, and a plurality of fourth through holes 151 capable of making the connecting portion 15 in a hollow structure are disposed on the plate ring, and the fourth through holes 151 are distributed in an array on the plate ring.

The cyclone vane structure further comprises an annular body 2 coaxially arranged at the periphery of the cyclone vane structure at intervals, the free tail ends of the cyclone vanes 11 are positioned between the outer ring wall 14 and the annular body 2, and a plurality of ventilation structures 21 for air flow to pass through are uniformly arranged on the annular body 2 at intervals along the circumferential direction. The ventilation structure 21 is a hollow cylinder, the central axis of the hollow cylinder is parallel to the central axis of the annular body 2, one end of the hollow cylinder is an open end into which air flows, the open end is fixed on the annular body 2, the other end of the hollow cylinder is a closed blind end, and a fifth through hole 211 for the air to pass through is formed in the end face of the blind end. Specifically, the hollow cylinder is a polygonal hollow cylinder, a sixth through hole 212 for air flow to pass through is formed on the side surface of the hollow cylinder of the ventilation structure 21, the size of the sixth through hole 212 is larger than that of the fifth through hole 211, and at least one sixth through hole 212 faces the radial centers of the ventilation structures. The annular body 2 is circular and annular.

The swirl vanes 11 at least have two centrosymmetric positions and are fixedly provided with a disturbance structure 112 for disturbing the air flow. In this embodiment, the turbulence structures 112 are respectively disposed on the 4 swirl blades 11 in the 90 degree direction, and the turbulence structures 112 include two parallel filaments, one end of which is fixed to the swirl blades 11.

Referring to fig. 3 and 4, a combustion apparatus includes a combustion bowl 200, a plurality of fuel inlet nozzles 300, and a swirler 100 as described above, wherein the swirler 100 is disposed on an air flow upstream side of the combustion bowl 200 and is mounted coaxially with the combustion bowl 200, and the plurality of fuel inlet nozzles 300 are uniformly spaced apart in a circumferential direction between an outer ring wall 14 and an annular body 2. During combustion, fuel gas is sprayed downwards towards the air flow through the spray holes on the fuel inlet spray pipe 300, meanwhile, air is blown into the cyclone 100 through equipment such as a fan, and the air is spirally stirred and blown out under the action of the cyclone blades 11 when passing through the cyclone 100, so that the air and the fuel gas are fully mixed and combusted.

The foregoing description is only illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and therefore should not be taken as limiting the scope of the invention, for all changes and modifications that come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims and specification are therefore intended to be embraced therein.

Claims

1. A cyclone, characterized in that: the cyclone blade structure comprises a plurality of cyclone blades, a blunt body, an inner ring wall and an outer ring wall, wherein the blunt body, the inner ring wall and the outer ring wall are arranged in a concentric circular array from inside to outside, the fixed ends of the cyclone blades are fixed on the blunt body and uniformly arranged around the circumference of the blunt body, the cyclone blades and the circumferential tangential line have the same inclined included angle, the free ends of the cyclone blades sequentially penetrate through the inner ring wall and the outer ring wall and enable the cyclone blades to at least partially extend out of the outer ring wall, a hollowed-out connecting part for air flow to pass through is connected between the outer ring wall and the inner ring wall, the blunt body is a circular cover body, the center of the end face of the circular cover body protrudes outwards from the axial direction to form a cone tip part, a plurality of first through holes for the air flow to pass through are arranged on the cone tip part of the blunt body, a plurality of second through holes for the air flow to pass through are arranged on the part of the end face of the cover body around the cone tip part, and the width of each cyclone blade gradually decreases from inside to outside along the radial direction; the cyclone vane structure also comprises annular bodies coaxially arranged at the periphery of the cyclone vane structure at intervals, the free tail ends of the cyclone vanes are positioned between the outer ring wall and the annular bodies, and a plurality of ventilation structures for air flow to pass through are uniformly arranged on the annular bodies at intervals along the circumferential direction; the connecting part is arranged at one end of the outer ring wall, the inner ring wall and the protruding direction of the cone tip part, the connecting part is a plate ring which covers the space between the outer ring wall and the inner ring wall and extends along the space, the cross section of the plate ring is in an arc shape protruding towards the protruding direction of the cone tip part, and a plurality of fourth through holes which enable the connecting part to be in a hollowed-out structure are arranged on the plate ring; the ventilation structure is a hollow cylinder, the central axis of the hollow cylinder is parallel to the central axis of the annular body, one end of the hollow cylinder is an opening end into which air flows, the opening end is fixed on the annular body, the other end of the hollow cylinder is a closed blind end, and a fifth through hole for the air to pass through is formed in the end face of the blind end.

2. A cyclone according to claim 1, characterized in that: a plurality of third through holes for air flow to pass through are arranged on the cyclone blades between the outer ring wall and the inner ring wall.

3. A cyclone according to claim 1, characterized in that: the side surface of the hollow cylinder of the ventilation structure is provided with a sixth through hole for air flow to pass through, and at least one sixth through hole faces the radial centers of the ventilation structures.

4. A cyclone according to claim 1, characterized in that: the size of the first through hole is smaller than that of the second through hole.

5. A cyclone according to claim 4, wherein: the fourth through holes are distributed in an array.

6. A cyclone according to claim 1, characterized in that: the inclined included angle between the rotational flow blades and the circumferential tangential line is 25-65 degrees, and the number of the rotational flow blades is 12-30.

7. A cyclone according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: the swirl vanes at least have two centrosymmetric positions and are fixedly provided with a disturbance structure for disturbing air flow.

8. A combustion apparatus, characterized in that: comprising a combustion bowl, a number of fuel inlet lances arranged on the upper side of the flow of the combustion bowl and coaxially mounted with the combustion bowl, and a swirler according to any one of claims 1 to 7, which are distributed between the outer ring wall and the annular body at uniform intervals in the circumferential direction.