CN112219330A - Laser receiving circuit, distance measuring device and mobile platform - Google Patents
Laser receiving circuit, distance measuring device and mobile platform Download PDFInfo
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- CN112219330A CN112219330A CN201880068065.6A CN201880068065A CN112219330A CN 112219330 A CN112219330 A CN 112219330A CN 201880068065 A CN201880068065 A CN 201880068065A CN 112219330 A CN112219330 A CN 112219330A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
- G01S17/02—Systems using the reflection of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
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Abstract
A laser receiving circuit, a distance measuring device (100,200) and a mobile platform are provided. The laser receiving circuit includes: a photoelectric conversion circuit and a protection circuit; the photoelectric conversion circuit is used for receiving the laser pulse signal, converting the laser pulse signal into an electric signal and outputting the electric signal; the protection circuit is used for limiting the current of the electric signal in the photoelectric conversion circuit when the laser pulse signal received by the photoelectric conversion circuit is larger than a set value so as to prevent the photoelectric conversion circuit from being damaged. The laser receiving circuit, the distance measuring devices (100,200) and the mobile platform can realize the quick response of the APD to transient strong light, thereby protecting the APD, and not influencing the response of weak signals while realizing the APD protection, so as to solve the problem that the receiving circuit of the radar can be damaged by strong pulse laser received by the radar at present.
Description
The invention relates to the technical field of circuits, in particular to a laser receiving circuit, a distance measuring device and a mobile platform.
The laser radar is a radar system that detects a characteristic amount such as a position and a velocity of a target by emitting a laser beam. The photosensitive sensor of the laser radar can convert the acquired optical pulse signal into an electric signal, and the time information corresponding to the electric signal is acquired based on the comparator, so that the distance information between the laser radar and the target object is obtained.
In the laser rangefinder field, the condition of many sets of equipment simultaneous workings can appear under certain scene, for example have many laser radar joint work in the autopilot field, laser radar has the probability to have the condition that two radars shone each other in the scanning process, and very strong pulse laser will be received to the radar this moment, may damage the receiving circuit of radar.
Accordingly, there is a need for improvements in current laser receiver circuits and lidar to obviate the various problems and disadvantages described above.
Disclosure of Invention
A first aspect of the present invention provides a laser receiving circuit, including: a photoelectric conversion circuit and a protection circuit;
the photoelectric conversion circuit is used for receiving a laser pulse signal, converting the laser pulse signal into an electric signal and outputting the electric signal;
the protection circuit is used for limiting the current of the electric signal in the photoelectric conversion circuit when the laser pulse signal received by the photoelectric conversion circuit is larger than a set value so as to prevent the photoelectric conversion circuit from being damaged.
Optionally, the protection circuit includes a current limiting element connected in series with the photoelectric conversion circuit, and the current limiting element includes at least one resistor or inductor.
Optionally, the protection circuit further comprises a tank circuit, wherein the tank circuit is connected in series with the current limiting element and the photoelectric conversion circuit.
Optionally, the tank circuit comprises at least one capacitor.
Optionally, the protection circuit includes a charging circuit, and the charging circuit is configured to charge the tank circuit in a first period until the voltage of the tank circuit is saturated.
Optionally, the tank circuit is further configured to supply power to the photoelectric conversion circuit when the laser pulse signal received by the photoelectric conversion circuit is equal to or greater than the set value in a second period.
Optionally, the tank circuit is further configured to, in a second period of time, when the laser pulse signal received by the photoelectric conversion circuit is smaller than the set value, the protection circuit does not supply power to the photoelectric conversion circuit.
Optionally, one end of the photoelectric conversion circuit is electrically connected to one end of the current limiting element, the other end of the photoelectric conversion circuit is electrically connected to the reading circuit, the other end of the current limiting element is electrically connected to one end of the energy storage circuit, and the other end of the energy storage circuit is grounded; or;
one end of the photoelectric conversion circuit is electrically connected with one end of the energy storage circuit, the other end of the photoelectric conversion circuit is electrically connected with the reading circuit, the other end of the energy storage circuit is electrically connected with one end of the current limiting element, and the other end of the current limiting element is grounded.
Optionally, the charging circuit includes a power supply and a first resistor, one end of the first resistor is electrically connected to the power supply, and the other end of the first resistor is electrically connected to the protection circuit.
Optionally, the charging circuit includes a transistor, a voltage calibration source, a first resistor, and a second resistor;
one end of the first resistor is electrically connected with the power supply, and the other end of the first resistor is electrically connected with the base electrode of the triode; the collector of triode with the power electricity is connected, the projecting pole of triode with the one end electricity of second resistance is connected, the other end of second resistance with the protection circuit electricity is connected, the one end of voltage calibration source with the base electricity of triode is connected, the other end of voltage calibration source with the protection circuit electricity is connected.
Optionally, a resistance value of the resistor in the charging circuit is greater than a resistance value of the resistor in the protection circuit.
Optionally, the photoelectric conversion circuit comprises a photosensitive sensor for receiving the laser pulse signal and converting the laser pulse signal into an electrical signal.
Optionally, the laser receiving circuit further includes an amplifying circuit, and the amplifying circuit is configured to amplify an electrical signal input from the photosensor and output the amplified electrical signal.
Optionally, the photosensitive sensor comprises an avalanche photodiode, a cathode of the avalanche photodiode is electrically connected with the protection circuit, and an anode of the avalanche photodiode is connected with an input terminal of the amplification circuit.
The present invention also provides a ranging apparatus, comprising:
a light emitting circuit for emitting a laser pulse signal;
the laser receiving circuit is used for receiving at least part of laser signals reflected by an object from laser pulse signals emitted by the light emitting circuit and converting the received laser signals into electric signals;
the sampling circuit is used for sampling the electric signal from the laser receiving circuit to obtain a sampling result;
and the arithmetic circuit is used for calculating the distance between the object and the distance measuring device according to the sampling result.
Optionally, the number of the light emitting circuits and the number of the laser receiving circuits are respectively at least 2;
each laser receiving circuit is used for receiving at least part of laser signals reflected by the object from the laser pulse signals emitted by the corresponding light emitting circuit and converting the received laser signals into electric signals.
Optionally, the laser ranging device further comprises a scanning module;
the scanning module is used for changing the transmission direction of the laser pulse signal and then emitting the laser pulse signal, and the laser pulse signal reflected back by the object enters the laser receiving circuit after passing through the scanning module.
Optionally, the scanning module further includes a driver and a prism with uneven thickness, and the driver is configured to drive the prism to rotate, so as to change the laser pulse signal passing through the prism to exit in different directions.
Optionally, the scanning module further includes two drivers and two prisms arranged in parallel and having non-uniform thickness, where the two drivers are respectively used for driving the two prisms to rotate in opposite directions;
and laser pulse signals from the laser emitting circuit sequentially pass through the two prisms and then change the transmission direction to be emitted.
The present invention also provides a mobile platform, comprising:
the above-mentioned distance measuring device; and
the light emitting circuit is arranged on the platform body.
Optionally, the mobile platform comprises at least one of an unmanned aerial vehicle, an automobile, and a robot.
The laser receiving circuit, the distance measuring device and the mobile platform are provided to realize the rapid response of the APD to transient strong light, so that the APD is protected, the response to a weak signal is not influenced while the APD is protected, and the problem that the receiving circuit of the radar is damaged when the radar receives strong pulse laser at present is solved.
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a laser receiving circuit in the prior art;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a laser receiving circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a laser receiving circuit according to another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic frame diagram of a distance measuring device provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a distance measuring device using a coaxial optical path according to an embodiment of the present invention.
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
For laser ranging applications, a laser device continuously emits laser in each direction in space during scanning, two laser transmitters irradiate each other with probability, and at the moment, a receiving system is subjected to high pulse laser energy, which may damage a photoelectric conversion circuit in the receiving system.
As shown in fig. 1, in order to avoid damage to the photoelectric conversion circuit, the conventional solution mainly places a small-capacity capacitor on the power supply of the photoelectric conversion circuit to limit the energy of a single pulse. However, the following contradictions exist under the scheme:
if the capacitance is too large, the photoelectric conversion circuit cannot respond to the strong light pulse quickly, and if the energy of the laser is strong enough, the photoelectric conversion circuit can be damaged by a single pulse; if the capacitance is too small, the voltage of the capacitance fluctuates after the photoelectric conversion circuit outputs a large current, and after pulse light, the voltage at two ends of the photoelectric conversion circuit slowly rises, so that a long tail of a reading circuit behind the photoelectric conversion circuit occurs, and the response of the photoelectric conversion circuit is influenced.
If the capacitance is small, the voltage across the photoelectric conversion circuit will drop quickly after the pulse current passes, but a long tail will appear after the pulse current passes. Generally, the capacitance is of nF level, but in this capacitance, when the photoelectric conversion circuit is irradiated by extremely strong light, the transient energy is too high, and the voltage across the capacitance cannot change rapidly, so that the photoelectric conversion circuit is damaged.
In order to solve the above problem, the present invention provides a laser receiving circuit including:
a photoelectric conversion circuit and a protection circuit;
the photoelectric conversion circuit is used for receiving a laser pulse signal, converting the laser pulse signal into an electric signal and outputting the electric signal;
the protection circuit is used for limiting the current of the electric signal in the photoelectric conversion circuit when the laser pulse signal received by the photoelectric conversion circuit is larger than a set value so as to prevent the photoelectric conversion circuit from being damaged.
In the first embodiment of the present invention, a laser receiving circuit is as shown in fig. 2:
the laser receiving circuit comprises a power supply, a photoelectric conversion circuit and a protection circuit.
The power supply is VCC _ APD, and is used as an energy supply terminal of the protection circuit, for example, to charge the protection circuit.
The photoelectric conversion circuit comprises a photosensitive sensor and is used for receiving an optical pulse signal and converting the optical pulse signal into an electric signal. When the photoelectric conversion circuit receives the optical pulse signal, the optical pulse signal is converted into an electric pulse signal, and the electric pulse signal includes, but is not limited to, a voltage pulse signal or a current pulse signal.
Optionally, the photoelectric conversion circuit comprises an APD (avalanche photodiode).
In an embodiment of the present invention, when the electrical pulse signal is a voltage signal, the electrical pulse signal is at a low level in the first period, and is located at the trough of the pulse; the electrical pulse signal is high during the second time period, at the peak of the pulse.
The protection circuit comprises a current limiting element, when the APD meets strong light and generates large current, high voltage drop can be generated on the current limiting element, the gain of the APD is reduced after the voltage is reduced, the output current of the APD is reduced, and therefore the APD is prevented from being over high in instantaneous power, and the APD is prevented from being burnt out.
Optionally, the current limiting element is connected in series with the photoelectric conversion circuit
In an embodiment of the present invention, the current limiting element includes at least one resistor or inductor, and is configured to limit a current in the photoelectric conversion circuit when the optical pulse signal received by the photoelectric conversion circuit is greater than a set value, so as to prevent the photoelectric conversion circuit from being damaged. It should be noted that the current limiting element in the present invention is not limited to a resistor or an inductor, and other elements capable of limiting current may be applied to the present application.
In the first embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, the current limiting element is a resistor R2, wherein the resistor R2 is directly connected in series with the APD, and the current limiting resistor is a small resistance resistor.
Optionally, the protection circuit further comprises a tank circuit, wherein the tank circuit is connected in series with the current limiting element and the photoelectric conversion circuit.
Wherein the tank circuit comprises at least one capacitor C1.
Wherein, the way that the electric capacity is connected in series with the current limiting element and the photoelectric conversion circuit at least comprises the following two kinds:
the first method comprises the following steps: one end of the photoelectric conversion circuit is electrically connected with one end of the current limiting element, the other end of the photoelectric conversion circuit is electrically connected with the reading circuit, the other end of the current limiting element is electrically connected with one end of the energy storage circuit, and the other end of the energy storage circuit is grounded; or;
and the second method comprises the following steps: one end of the photoelectric conversion circuit is electrically connected with one end of the energy storage circuit, the other end of the photoelectric conversion circuit is electrically connected with the reading circuit, the other end of the energy storage circuit is electrically connected with one end of the current limiting element, and the other end of the current limiting element is grounded.
Further, the protection circuit comprises a charging circuit, and the charging circuit is used for charging the energy storage circuit in a first period until the voltage of the energy storage circuit is saturated. When the photoelectric conversion circuit component converts the optical pulse signal into an electric pulse signal, the electric pulse signal is at a low level in a first period and is positioned at a trough of the pulse, and the charging circuit is used for charging the energy storage circuit in the first period until the voltage of the energy storage circuit is saturated.
And in the second time period, when the laser pulse signal received by the photoelectric conversion circuit is equal to or greater than the set value, the energy storage circuit is also used for supplying power to the photoelectric conversion circuit, consuming the energy on the energy storage circuit and reducing the voltage at two ends of the capacitor. When the voltage at two ends of the capacitor is reduced, the internal gain of the APD is reduced, so that the output current of the APD is reduced, negative feedback is formed, the APD cannot continuously output large current to cause self damage, and the APD is protected. When the laser pulse signal received by the photoelectric conversion circuit is particularly strong, the energy storage circuit supplies power to the photoelectric conversion circuit until the energy of the energy storage circuit is exhausted, so that the photoelectric conversion circuit is disconnected. And when the light pulse signal received by the photoelectric conversion circuit is smaller than a set value in the second time period, the energy storage circuit does not supply power to the photoelectric conversion circuit.
The set value is set according to actual needs, wherein at least part of optical signals reflected by an object and emitted by the laser pulse signal emitted by the light emitting circuit are received conventionally, and the ambient optical signals are smaller than the set value, and the optical pulse signal directly emitted by the laser is surely larger than the set value, so that the protection circuit is triggered to supply power to the photoelectric conversion circuit when the lasers irradiate each other, and the APD is protected from being damaged.
In an example of the first embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 2, the charging circuit includes a power supply VCC _ APD and a first resistor R1, one end of the first resistor R1 is electrically connected to the power supply VCC _ APD, and the other end of the first resistor R1 is electrically connected to the protection circuit.
The protection circuit comprises a current limiting element which is a current limiting resistor R2, wherein the energy storage circuit comprises a capacitor C1, the photoelectric conversion circuit is an avalanche photodiode APD, one end of the avalanche photodiode APD is electrically connected with one end of the current limiting resistor R2, the other end of the avalanche photodiode APD is electrically connected with a reading circuit, the other end of the current limiting resistor R2 is electrically connected with one end of a capacitor C1 of the energy storage circuit, and the other end of a capacitor C1 of the energy storage circuit is grounded.
As shown in fig. 2, the first resistor R1 has a relatively large resistance, and during the pulse gap (the first period), the avalanche photodiode APD is in an off state and does not generate current, and because the resistance of the first resistor R1 is relatively large, there is no significant current in the laser receiving circuit, so that the power source VCC _ APD charges the capacitor C1 of the energy storage circuit through the first resistor R1 during the first period.
During the second time period, the avalanche photodiode APD receives the optical pulse signal and converts the optical pulse signal into an electrical signal, wherein the operation mode of the laser receiving circuit during the second time period can be divided into the following two modes:
firstly, when the laser pulse signal received by the photoelectric conversion circuit is smaller than a set value, the laser receiving circuit normally works at the moment, the current in the laser receiving circuit is a smaller normal current at the moment, the resistance value of the current limiting resistor R2 is smaller, so the voltage at two ends of the current limiting resistor R2 is also small, namely the voltage division of the current limiting resistor R2 is small, the voltage at two ends of the APD does not change greatly when receiving the pulse light, and the response of the APD can not be influenced. In addition, because the value of the capacitor C1 is relatively large, when the received laser pulse signal is a weak signal, the voltage fluctuation of the charge released by the capacitor is small, and the influence on the response of the APD is avoided, the laser receiving circuit is not influenced and works normally, wherein the voltage on the energy storage capacitor is almost unchanged, and the current response of the APD is normal.
Secondly, when the APD encounters a strong laser pulse signal, for example, the intensity of the laser pulse signal is greater than a set value, the strong laser pulse signal generates a large current, at this time, a relatively high voltage drop is generated on the current limiting resistor R2, so that the voltages at two ends of the APD are reduced, and the gain of the APD is reduced after the voltage is reduced (because the APD itself has an internal gain (photoelectric conversion has a multiplication effect), the gain of the APD changes with the voltage, and the gain of the APD is reduced when the voltage is reduced), so that the output current is reduced, the output current of the APD is reduced, and the instantaneous power of the APD is prevented from being too large, and the APD is prevented from being damaged.
Further, in some situations, the APD may be subjected to an abnormally strong light, such as a laser control, (in which case the output current may be very large, such as exceeding 100mA), and in this situation, the voltage drop across the current limiting resistance R2 is limited, and the APD may still output a large current and cause damage. At this time, in order to avoid the situation, the energy storage capacitor C1 will continuously provide energy to the APD and deplete its own charge to finally form an open circuit, and even if the APD is continuously illuminated by strong light or cannot recover the high-resistance state, the voltage across the APD will be reduced to 0V, thereby realizing protection of the APD.
In conclusion, in the two working modes, the protection circuit does not influence the operation of the APD in normal use, and when the APD is subjected to strong light, the current limiting resistor limits the maximum current of the APD in a fast response mode, and then the APD is extinguished by using up the charge of the capacitor, so that the APD is protected, and the current is prevented from being damaged due to overlarge current.
In a second embodiment of the present invention, a light emitting device is shown in fig. 3:
the laser receiving circuit comprises a power supply, a photoelectric conversion circuit and a protection circuit. The laser receiving circuit comprises a power supply, a photoelectric conversion circuit and a protection circuit.
The power supply is VCC _ APD, and is used as an energy supply terminal of the protection circuit, for example, to charge the protection circuit.
The photoelectric conversion circuit comprises a photosensitive sensor and is used for receiving an optical pulse signal and converting the optical pulse signal into an electric signal. When the photoelectric conversion circuit receives the optical pulse signal, the optical pulse signal is converted into an electric pulse signal, and the electric pulse signal includes, but is not limited to, a voltage pulse signal or a current pulse signal.
Optionally, the photoelectric conversion circuit comprises an APD (avalanche photodiode).
In an example of the second embodiment of the present invention, when the electric pulse signal is a voltage signal, wherein the electric pulse signal is at a low level in the first period, at a trough of the pulse; the electrical pulse signal is high during the second time period, at the peak of the pulse.
The protection circuit comprises a current limiting element, when the APD meets strong light and generates large current, high voltage drop can be generated on the current limiting element, the gain of the APD is reduced after the voltage is reduced, the output current of the APD is reduced, and therefore the APD is prevented from being over high in instantaneous power, and the APD is prevented from being burnt out.
Optionally, the current limiting element is connected in series with the photoelectric conversion circuit
In an embodiment of the present invention, the current limiting element includes at least one resistor or inductor, and is configured to limit a current in the photoelectric conversion circuit when the optical pulse signal received by the photoelectric conversion circuit is greater than a set value, so as to prevent the photoelectric conversion circuit from being damaged. It should be noted that the current limiting element in the present invention is not limited to a resistor or an inductor, and other elements capable of limiting current may be applied to the present application.
Illustratively, as shown in fig. 3, the current limiting element is a resistor R3, wherein the resistor R3 is directly connected in series with the APD, and the current limiting resistor is a small resistance resistor.
Optionally, the protection circuit further comprises a tank circuit, wherein the tank circuit is connected in series with the current limiting element and the photoelectric conversion circuit.
Wherein the tank circuit comprises at least one capacitor C1, the capacitor C1 being connected in series with the current limiting element and the photoelectric conversion circuit.
Wherein, the way that the electric capacity is connected in series with the current limiting element and the photoelectric conversion circuit at least comprises the following two kinds:
firstly, one end of the photoelectric conversion circuit is electrically connected with one end of the current limiting element, the other end of the photoelectric conversion circuit is electrically connected with the reading circuit, the other end of the current limiting element is electrically connected with one end of the energy storage circuit, and the other end of the energy storage circuit is grounded; or;
one end of the photoelectric conversion circuit is electrically connected with one end of the energy storage circuit, the other end of the photoelectric conversion circuit is electrically connected with the reading circuit, the other end of the energy storage circuit is electrically connected with one end of the current limiting element, and the other end of the current limiting element is grounded.
Further, the protection circuit comprises a charging circuit, and the charging circuit is used for charging the energy storage circuit in a first period until the voltage of the energy storage circuit is saturated. When the photoelectric conversion circuit component converts the optical pulse signal into an electric pulse signal, the electric pulse signal is at a low level in a first period and is positioned at a trough of the pulse, and the charging circuit is used for charging the energy storage circuit in the first period until the voltage of the energy storage circuit is saturated.
And in the second time period, when the laser pulse signal received by the photoelectric conversion circuit is equal to or greater than the set value, the energy storage circuit is also used for supplying power to the photoelectric conversion circuit, consuming the energy on the energy storage circuit and reducing the voltage at two ends of the capacitor. When the voltage at two ends of the capacitor is reduced, the internal gain of the APD is reduced, so that the output current of the APD is reduced, negative feedback is formed, the APD cannot continuously output large current to cause self damage, and the APD is protected. When the laser pulse signal received by the photoelectric conversion circuit is particularly strong, the energy storage circuit supplies power to the photoelectric conversion circuit until the energy of the energy storage circuit is exhausted, so that the photoelectric conversion circuit is disconnected. And when the light pulse signal received by the photoelectric conversion circuit is smaller than a set value in the second time period, the energy storage circuit does not supply power to the photoelectric conversion circuit.
The protection circuit is triggered to supply power to the photoelectric conversion circuit when the lasers irradiate mutually, so that APDs are protected from being damaged.
In an example of the first embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 3, the charging circuit includes a power supply VCC _ APD, a first resistor R1, a second resistor R2, a transistor Q1, and a voltage calibration source Q2, wherein one end of the first resistor R1 is electrically connected to the power supply VCC _ APD, and the other end of the first resistor R1 is electrically connected to the base of the NPN of the transistor Q1; a collector of the triode NPN is electrically connected to the power source VCC _ APD, an emitter of the triode NPN is electrically connected to one end of the second resistor R2, the other end of the second resistor R2 is electrically connected to one end of the capacitor C1, one end of the voltage calibration source Q2 is electrically connected to a base of the triode NPN, and the other end of the voltage calibration source Q2 is electrically connected to the capacitor C1.
In this embodiment, a charging circuit composed of a first resistor R1, a second resistor R2, a transistor Q1, and a voltage calibration source Q22 charges C1, wherein the first resistor R1 has a larger resistance value, and is used in the charging circuit to limit the current in the charging circuit, thereby limiting the current.
The voltage regulator tube Q2 has a phenomenon that the current can change in a large range and the voltage is basically unchanged, and outputs a stable voltage to charge the capacitor C1 through a stable voltage value generated at two ends when rated current is passed.
As shown in fig. 3, the first resistor R1 has a relatively large resistance, and during the pulse gap (the first period), the avalanche photodiode APD is in an off state and does not generate current, and because the resistance of the first resistor R1 is relatively large, there is no significant current in the laser receiving circuit, so that the power source VCC _ APD charges the capacitor C1 of the energy storage circuit through the first resistor R1 during the first period. In addition, due to the arrangement of the voltage regulator tube Q2, the charging voltage can be more stable and efficient. The setting of the first resistance may also be used to limit the magnitude of the current.
During the second time period, the avalanche photodiode APD receives the optical pulse signal and converts the optical pulse signal into an electrical signal, wherein the operation mode of the laser receiving circuit during the second time period can be divided into the following two modes:
firstly, when the laser pulse signal received by the photoelectric conversion circuit is smaller than a set value, the laser receiving circuit normally works at the moment, the current in the laser receiving circuit is a smaller normal current at the moment, the resistance value of the current limiting resistor R2 is smaller, so the voltage at two ends of the current limiting resistor R2 is also small, namely the voltage division of the current limiting resistor R2 is small, the voltage at two ends of the APD does not change greatly when receiving the pulse light, and the response of the APD can not be influenced. In addition, because the value of the capacitor C1 is relatively large, when the received laser pulse signal is a weak signal, the voltage fluctuation of the charge released by the capacitor is small, and the influence on the response of the APD is avoided, the laser receiving circuit is not influenced and works normally, wherein the voltage on the energy storage capacitor is almost unchanged, and the current response of the APD is normal.
Secondly, when the APD encounters a strong laser pulse signal, for example, the intensity of the laser pulse signal is greater than a set value, the strong laser pulse signal generates a large current, at this time, a relatively high voltage drop is generated on the current limiting resistor R2, so that the voltages at two ends of the APD are reduced, and the gain of the APD is reduced after the voltage is reduced (because the APD itself has an internal gain (photoelectric conversion has a multiplication effect), the gain of the APD changes with the voltage, and the gain of the APD is reduced when the voltage is reduced), so that the output current is reduced, the output current of the APD is reduced, and the instantaneous power of the APD is prevented from being too large, and the APD is prevented from being damaged.
Further, in some situations, the APD may be subjected to an abnormally strong light, such as a laser control, (in which case the output current may be very large, such as exceeding 100mA), and in this situation, the voltage drop across the current limiting resistance R2 is limited, and the APD may still output a large current and cause damage. At this time, in order to avoid the situation, the energy storage capacitor C1 will continuously provide energy to the APD and deplete its own charge to finally form an open circuit, and even if the APD is continuously illuminated by strong light or cannot recover the high-resistance state, the voltage across the APD will be reduced to 0V, thereby realizing protection of the APD.
In conclusion, in the two working modes, the protection circuit does not influence the operation of the APD in normal use, and when the APD is subjected to strong light, the current limiting resistor limits the maximum current of the APD in a fast response mode, and then the APD is extinguished by using up the charge of the capacitor, so that the APD is protected, and the current is prevented from being damaged due to overlarge current.
Further, the laser receiving circuit further comprises an amplifying circuit, and the amplifying circuit is used for amplifying and operating the electric signal input from the photosensitive sensor and outputting the electric signal after the amplification operation. The specific structure of the amplifying circuit can be selected from structures commonly used in the field.
In another embodiment, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a ranging apparatus, including: a light emitting circuit for emitting a laser pulse signal; the laser receiving circuit in any one of the above embodiments, configured to receive at least a part of a laser signal reflected by an object from a laser pulse signal emitted by the light emitting circuit, and convert the received laser signal into an electrical signal; the sampling circuit is used for sampling the electric signal from the laser receiving circuit to obtain a sampling result; and the arithmetic circuit is used for calculating the distance between the object and the distance measuring device according to the sampling result.
In one embodiment, the ranging device is used to sense external environmental information, such as distance information, orientation information, reflected intensity information, velocity information, etc. of environmental targets. In one implementation, the ranging device may detect the distance of the probe to the ranging device by measuring the Time of Flight (TOF), which is the Time-of-Flight Time, of light traveling between the ranging device and the probe. Alternatively, the distance measuring device may detect the distance from the probe to the distance measuring device by other techniques, such as a distance measuring method based on phase shift (phase shift) measurement or a distance measuring method based on frequency shift (frequency shift) measurement, which is not limited herein.
For ease of understanding, the following describes an example of the ranging operation with reference to the ranging apparatus 100 shown in fig. 4.
As shown in fig. 4, the ranging apparatus 100 may include a transmitting circuit 110, a receiving circuit 120, a sampling circuit 130, and an operation circuit 140.
The transmit circuitry 110 may transmit a sequence of light pulses (e.g., a sequence of laser pulses). The receiving circuit 120 may receive the optical pulse train reflected by the detected object, perform photoelectric conversion on the optical pulse train to obtain an electrical signal, process the electrical signal, and output the electrical signal to the sampling circuit 130. The sampling circuit 130 may sample the electrical signal to obtain a sampling result. The arithmetic circuit 140 may determine the distance between the distance measuring device 100 and the detected object based on the sampling result of the sampling circuit 130.
Optionally, the distance measuring apparatus 100 may further include a control circuit 150, and the control circuit 150 may implement control of other circuits, for example, may control an operating time of each circuit and/or perform parameter setting on each circuit, and the like.
It should be understood that, although the distance measuring device shown in fig. 4 includes a transmitting circuit, a receiving circuit, a sampling circuit and an arithmetic circuit for emitting a light beam to detect, the embodiments of the present application are not limited thereto, and the number of any one of the transmitting circuit, the receiving circuit, the sampling circuit and the arithmetic circuit may be at least two, and the at least two light beams are emitted in the same direction or in different directions respectively; the at least two light paths may be emitted simultaneously or at different times. In one example, the light emitting chips in the at least two transmitting circuits are packaged in the same module. For example, each transmitting circuit comprises a laser emitting chip, and die of the laser emitting chips in the at least two transmitting circuits are packaged together and accommodated in the same packaging space.
In some implementations, in addition to the circuit shown in fig. 4, the distance measuring apparatus 100 may further include a scanning module for changing the propagation direction of at least one laser pulse sequence emitted from the emitting circuit.
Here, a module including the transmission circuit 110, the reception circuit 120, the sampling circuit 130, and the operation circuit 140, or a module including the transmission circuit 110, the reception circuit 120, the sampling circuit 130, the operation circuit 140, and the control circuit 150 may be referred to as a ranging module, which may be independent of other modules, for example, a scanning module.
The distance measuring device can adopt a coaxial light path, namely the light beam emitted by the distance measuring device and the reflected light beam share at least part of the light path in the distance measuring device. For example, at least one path of laser pulse sequence emitted by the emitting circuit is emitted by the scanning module after the propagation direction is changed, and the laser pulse sequence reflected by the detector is emitted to the receiving circuit after passing through the scanning module. Alternatively, the distance measuring device may also adopt an off-axis optical path, that is, the light beam emitted by the distance measuring device and the reflected light beam are transmitted along different optical paths in the distance measuring device. FIG. 5 shows a schematic diagram of one embodiment of the ranging device of the present invention using coaxial optical paths.
The ranging apparatus 200 comprises a ranging module 210, the ranging module 210 comprising an emitter 203 (which may comprise the transmitting circuitry described above), a collimating element 204, a detector 205 (which may comprise the receiving circuitry, sampling circuitry and arithmetic circuitry described above) and a path-altering element 206. The distance measuring module 210 is configured to emit a light beam, receive return light, and convert the return light into an electrical signal. Wherein the emitter 203 may be configured to emit a sequence of light pulses. In one embodiment, the transmitter 203 may emit a sequence of laser pulses. Optionally, the laser beam emitted by the emitter 203 is a narrow bandwidth beam having a wavelength outside the visible range. The collimating element 204 is disposed on an emitting light path of the emitter, and is configured to collimate the light beam emitted from the emitter 203, and collimate the light beam emitted from the emitter 203 into parallel light to be emitted to the scanning module. The collimating element is also for converging at least a portion of the return light reflected by the detector. The collimating element 204 may be a collimating lens or other element capable of collimating a light beam.
In the embodiment shown in fig. 5, the transmit and receive optical paths within the distance measuring device are combined by the optical path altering element 206 before the collimating element 204, so that the transmit and receive optical paths may share the same collimating element, making the optical path more compact. In other implementations, the emitter 203 and the detector 205 may use respective collimating elements, and the optical path changing element 206 may be disposed in the optical path after the collimating elements.
In the embodiment shown in fig. 5, since the beam aperture of the light beam emitted from the emitter 203 is small and the beam aperture of the return light received by the distance measuring device is large, the optical path changing element can adopt a small-area mirror to combine the emission optical path and the reception optical path. In other implementations, the optical path changing element may also be a mirror with a through hole, wherein the through hole is used for transmitting the outgoing light from the emitter 203, and the mirror is used for reflecting the return light to the detector 205. Therefore, the shielding of the bracket of the small reflector to the return light can be reduced in the case of adopting the small reflector.
In the embodiment shown in fig. 5, the optical path altering element is offset from the optical axis of the collimating element 204. In other implementations, the optical path altering element may also be located on the optical axis of the collimating element 204.
The ranging device 200 also includes a scanning module 202. The scanning module 202 is disposed on the emitting light path of the distance measuring module 210, and the scanning module 202 is configured to change the transmission direction of the collimated light beam 219 emitted by the collimating element 204, project the collimated light beam to the external environment, and project the return light beam to the collimating element 204. The return light is focused by a collimating element 204 onto a detector 205.
In one embodiment, the scanning module 202 may include at least one optical element for altering the propagation path of the light beam, wherein the optical element may alter the propagation path of the light beam by reflecting, refracting, diffracting, etc., the light beam. For example, the scanning module 202 includes a lens, mirror, prism, galvanometer, grating, liquid crystal, Optical Phased Array (Optical Phased Array), or any combination thereof. In one example, at least a portion of the optical element is moved, for example, by a driving module, and the moved optical element can reflect, refract, or diffract the light beam to different directions at different times. In some embodiments, multiple optical elements of the scanning module 202 may rotate or oscillate about a common axis 209, with each rotating or oscillating optical element serving to constantly change the direction of propagation of an incident beam. In one embodiment, the multiple optical elements of the scanning module 202 may rotate at different rotational speeds or oscillate at different speeds. In another embodiment, at least some of the optical elements of the scanning module 202 may rotate at substantially the same rotational speed. In some embodiments, the multiple optical elements of the scanning module may also be rotated about different axes. In some embodiments, the multiple optical elements of the scanning module may also rotate in the same direction, or in different directions; or in the same direction, or in different directions, without limitation.
In one embodiment, the scanning module 202 includes a first optical element 214 and a driver 216 coupled to the first optical element 214, the driver 216 configured to drive the first optical element 214 to rotate about the rotation axis 209, such that the first optical element 214 redirects the collimated light beam 219. The first optical element 214 projects the collimated beam 219 into different directions. In one embodiment, the angle between the direction of the collimated beam 219 after it is altered by the first optical element and the rotational axis 109 changes as the first optical element 214 is rotated. In one embodiment, the first optical element 214 includes a pair of opposing non-parallel surfaces through which the collimated light beam 219 passes. In one embodiment, the first optical element 214 includes a prism having a thickness that varies along at least one radial direction. In one embodiment, the first optical element 214 comprises a wedge angle prism that refracts the collimated beam 219.
In one embodiment, the scanning module 202 further comprises a second optical element 215, the second optical element 215 rotating around a rotation axis 209, the rotation speed of the second optical element 215 being different from the rotation speed of the first optical element 214. The second optical element 215 is used to change the direction of the light beam projected by the first optical element 214. In one embodiment, the second optical element 115 is coupled to another driver 217, and the driver 217 drives the second optical element 215 to rotate. The first optical element 214 and the second optical element 215 may be driven by the same or different drivers, such that the first optical element 214 and the second optical element 215 rotate at different speeds and/or turns, thereby projecting the collimated light beam 219 into different directions in the ambient space, which may scan a larger spatial range. In one embodiment, the controller 218 controls the drivers 216 and 217 to drive the first optical element 214 and the second optical element 215, respectively. The rotation speed of the first optical element 214 and the second optical element 215 can be determined according to the region and the pattern expected to be scanned in the actual application. The drives 216 and 217 may include motors or other drives.
In one embodiment, second optical element 215 includes a pair of opposing non-parallel surfaces through which the light beam passes. In one embodiment, second optical element 215 includes a prism having a thickness that varies along at least one radial direction. In one embodiment, second optical element 215 comprises a wedge angle prism.
In one embodiment, the scan module 202 further comprises a third optical element (not shown) and a driver for driving the third optical element to move. Optionally, the third optical element comprises a pair of opposed non-parallel surfaces through which the light beam passes. In one embodiment, the third optical element comprises a prism having a thickness that varies along at least one radial direction. In one embodiment, the third optical element comprises a wedge angle prism. At least two of the first, second and third optical elements rotate at different rotational speeds and/or rotational directions.
Rotation of the optical elements in the scanning module 202 may project light in different directions, such as the direction of the projected light 211 and the direction 213, thus scanning the space around the ranging device 200. When the light 211 projected by the scanning module 202 hits the detection object 201, a part of the light is reflected by the detection object 201 to the distance measuring device 200 in the opposite direction to the projected light 211. The return light 212 reflected by the object 201 passes through the scanning module 202 and then enters the collimating element 204.
The detector 205 is placed on the same side of the collimating element 204 as the emitter 203, and the detector 205 is used to convert at least part of the return light passing through the collimating element 204 into an electrical signal.
In one embodiment, each optical element is coated with an antireflection coating. Optionally, the thickness of the antireflection film is equal to or close to the wavelength of the light beam emitted by the emitter 203, which can increase the intensity of the transmitted light beam.
In one embodiment, a filter layer is coated on a surface of a component in the distance measuring device, which is located on the light beam propagation path, or a filter is arranged on the light beam propagation path, and is used for transmitting at least a wave band in which the light beam emitted by the emitter is located and reflecting other wave bands, so as to reduce noise brought to the receiver by ambient light.
In some embodiments, the transmitter 203 may include a laser diode through which laser pulses in the order of nanoseconds are emitted. Further, the laser pulse reception time may be determined, for example, by detecting the rising edge time and/or the falling edge time of the electrical signal pulse. In this manner, the ranging apparatus 200 may calculate TOF using the pulse reception time information and the pulse emission time information, thereby determining the distance of the probe 201 to the ranging apparatus 200.
The distance and orientation detected by ranging device 200 may be used for remote sensing, obstacle avoidance, mapping, modeling, navigation, and the like. In one embodiment, the distance measuring device of the embodiment of the invention can be applied to a mobile platform, and the distance measuring device can be installed on a platform body of the mobile platform. The mobile platform with the distance measuring device can measure the external environment, for example, the distance between the mobile platform and an obstacle is measured for the purpose of avoiding the obstacle, and the external environment is mapped in two dimensions or three dimensions. In certain embodiments, the mobile platform comprises at least one of an unmanned aerial vehicle, an automobile, a remote control car, a robot, a camera. When the distance measuring device is applied to the unmanned aerial vehicle, the platform body is a fuselage of the unmanned aerial vehicle. When the distance measuring device is applied to an automobile, the platform body is the automobile body of the automobile. The vehicle may be an autonomous vehicle or a semi-autonomous vehicle, without limitation. When the distance measuring device is applied to the remote control car, the platform body is the car body of the remote control car. When the distance measuring device is applied to a robot, the platform body is the robot. When the distance measuring device is applied to a camera, the platform body is the camera itself.
Technical terms used in the embodiments of the present invention are only used for illustrating specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the present invention. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Further, the use of "including" and/or "comprising" in the specification is intended to specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but does not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components.
The corresponding structures, materials, acts, and equivalents of all means or step plus function elements in the claims below, if any, are intended to include any structure, material, or act for performing the function in combination with other claimed elements as specifically claimed. The description of the present invention has been presented for purposes of illustration and description, but is not intended to be exhaustive or limited to the invention in the form disclosed. Various modifications and alterations to this invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of this invention. The embodiments described herein are further intended to explain the principles of the invention and its practical application and to enable others skilled in the art to understand the invention.
The flow chart described in the present invention is only an example, and various modifications can be made to the diagram or the steps in the present invention without departing from the spirit of the present invention. For instance, the steps may be performed in a differing order, or steps may be added, deleted or modified. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that all or a portion of the above-described embodiments may be practiced and equivalents thereof may be resorted to as falling within the scope of the invention as claimed.
Claims (21)
- A laser receiving circuit, comprising: a photoelectric conversion circuit and a protection circuit;the photoelectric conversion circuit is used for receiving a laser pulse signal, converting the laser pulse signal into an electric signal and outputting the electric signal;the protection circuit is used for limiting the current of the electric signal in the photoelectric conversion circuit when the laser pulse signal received by the photoelectric conversion circuit is larger than a set value so as to prevent the photoelectric conversion circuit from being damaged.
- The laser receiving circuit according to claim 1, wherein the protection circuit includes a current limiting element connected in series with the photoelectric conversion circuit, the current limiting element including at least one of a resistor or an inductor.
- The laser receiving circuit according to claim 2, wherein the protection circuit further comprises a tank circuit, wherein the tank circuit is connected in series with the current limiting element and the photoelectric conversion circuit.
- The laser receiver circuit of claim 3, wherein the tank circuit comprises at least one capacitor.
- The laser receiver circuit of claim 3, wherein the protection circuit comprises a charging circuit configured to charge the tank circuit for a first period of time until the tank circuit is saturated in voltage.
- The laser receiver circuit of claim 3, wherein the tank circuit is further configured to power the photoelectric conversion circuit when the laser pulse signal received by the photoelectric conversion circuit is equal to or greater than the set value during the second period.
- The laser receiver circuit of claim 3, wherein the tank circuit is further configured to not power the photoelectric conversion circuit when the laser pulse signal received by the photoelectric conversion circuit is smaller than the set value during the second period.
- The laser receiver circuit according to claim 3, wherein one end of the photoelectric conversion circuit is electrically connected to one end of the current limiting element, the other end of the photoelectric conversion circuit is electrically connected to a readout circuit, the other end of the current limiting element is electrically connected to one end of the tank circuit, and the other end of the tank circuit is grounded; or;one end of the photoelectric conversion circuit is electrically connected with one end of the energy storage circuit, the other end of the photoelectric conversion circuit is electrically connected with the reading circuit, the other end of the energy storage circuit is electrically connected with one end of the current limiting element, and the other end of the current limiting element is grounded.
- The laser receiver circuit according to claim 5, wherein the charging circuit includes a power supply and a first resistor, one end of the first resistor is electrically connected to the power supply, and the other end of the first resistor is electrically connected to the protection circuit.
- The laser receiver circuit of claim 5, wherein the charging circuit comprises a transistor, a voltage calibration source, a first resistor and a second resistor;one end of the first resistor is electrically connected with the power supply, and the other end of the first resistor is electrically connected with the base electrode of the triode; the collector of triode with the power electricity is connected, the projecting pole of triode with the one end electricity of second resistance is connected, the other end of second resistance with the protection circuit electricity is connected, the one end of voltage calibration source with the base electricity of triode is connected, the other end of voltage calibration source with the protection circuit electricity is connected.
- The laser receiver circuit according to claim 5, wherein a resistance value of the resistor in the charging circuit is larger than a resistance value of the resistor in the protection circuit.
- The laser receiver circuit of claim 1, wherein the photoelectric conversion circuit comprises a photosensor for receiving the laser pulse signal and converting the laser pulse signal into an electrical signal.
- The laser light receiving circuit according to claim 12, further comprising an amplifying circuit for amplifying the electric signal inputted from the photosensor and outputting the amplified electric signal.
- The laser receiver circuit of claim 11, wherein the photosensor comprises an avalanche photodiode, a cathode of the avalanche photodiode is electrically connected to the protection circuit, and an anode of the avalanche photodiode is connected to an input of the amplification circuit.
- A ranging apparatus, comprising:a light emitting circuit for emitting a laser pulse signal;the laser receiving circuit of any one of claims 1 to 14, configured to receive at least a part of the laser signal reflected by the object from the laser pulse signal emitted by the light emitting circuit, and convert the received laser signal into an electrical signal;the sampling circuit is used for sampling the electric signal from the laser receiving circuit to obtain a sampling result;and the arithmetic circuit is used for calculating the distance between the object and the distance measuring device according to the sampling result.
- The ranging apparatus as claimed in claim 15, wherein the number of the light emitting circuits and the number of the laser receiving circuits are at least 2, respectively;each laser receiving circuit is used for receiving at least part of laser signals reflected by the object from the laser pulse signals emitted by the corresponding light emitting circuit and converting the received laser signals into electric signals.
- A ranging device as claimed in claim 15 or 16 wherein the laser ranging device further comprises a scanning module;the scanning module is used for changing the transmission direction of the laser pulse signal and then emitting the laser pulse signal, and the laser pulse signal reflected back by the object enters the laser receiving circuit after passing through the scanning module.
- The range finder device of claim 17, wherein the scanning module further comprises a driver and a prism with non-uniform thickness, the driver is configured to rotate the prism to change the laser pulse signal passing through the prism to exit in different directions.
- A ranging apparatus as claimed in claim 18 wherein the scanning module further comprises two drivers and two prisms of non-uniform thickness arranged in parallel, the two drivers being respectively used for driving the two prisms to rotate in opposite directions;and laser pulse signals from the laser emitting circuit sequentially pass through the two prisms and then change the transmission direction to be emitted.
- A mobile platform, comprising:a ranging apparatus as claimed in any of claims 15 to 19; andthe light emitting circuit is arranged on the platform body.
- The mobile platform of claim 20, wherein the mobile platform comprises at least one of an unmanned aerial vehicle, an automobile, and a robot.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/CN2018/119813 WO2020113564A1 (en) | 2018-12-07 | 2018-12-07 | Laser receiving circuit, distance measurement device, and mobile platform |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN112219330A true CN112219330A (en) | 2021-01-12 |
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| CN201880068065.6A Pending CN112219330A (en) | 2018-12-07 | 2018-12-07 | Laser receiving circuit, distance measuring device and mobile platform |
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| WO (1) | WO2020113564A1 (en) |
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Application publication date: 20210112 |